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214 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.1.658" ID-PMC="PMC3174428" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-1-15" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC3FFCCFA56FFD5EA589B6CFFBCB933" ID-PubMed="22171166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576058" ModsDocID="1314-2003-1-15" checkinTime="1451252143282" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kress, W. John, D. Mood, John, Sabu, Mamiyil, Prince, Linda M., Dey, Santanu & Sanoj, E." docDate="2010" docId="782E3CEBB7C2244A73F6CC65BF4E28AC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 1: 15-32" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 1" docPubDate="2010-11-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.1.658" docTitle="Larsenianthus W. J. Kress & Mood 2010, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FFC3FFCCFA56FFD5EA589B6CFFBCB933" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFC3FFCCFA56FFD5EA589B6CFFBCB933" masterDocTitle="Larsenianthus, a new Asian genus of Gingers (Zingiberaceae) with four species" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668139156942" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Larsenianthus, a new Asian genus of Gingers (Zingiberaceae) with four species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kress, W. John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012 U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kressj@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>D. Mood, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawaii, 3860 Manoa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sabu, Mamiyil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Calicut, 673635 Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prince, Linda M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden and Claremont Graduate University, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711 - 315 U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dey, Santanu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Aaranyak, Samanwoy Path, # 50, Beltola, Guwahati- 28, Assam, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sanoj, E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Calicut, 673635 Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-11-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>15</mods:start>
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<mods:end>32</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.1.658</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.1.658</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-1-15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC3FFCCFA56FFD5EA589B6CFFBCB933</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576058</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359367" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:782E3CEBB7C2244A73F6CC65BF4E28AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/782E3CEBB7C2244A73F6CC65BF4E28AC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName LSID="782E3CEB-B7C2-244A-73F6-CC65BF4E28AC" authority="W. J. Kress & Mood" authorityName="W. J. Kress & Mood" authorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Larsenianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larsenianthus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Larsenianthus W. J. Kress & Mood</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="19">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Larsenianthus arunachalensis M. Sabu, Sanoj & T. Rajesh Kumar. A inflorescence B apical part of leaf sheath with ligule and petiole C inflorescence bract D bracteole E calyx F flower, lateral view G floral tube H labellum I lateral staminodes J anther, front, back and lateral views K unicellular branched hairs inside corolla tube L stigma and upper portion of style M base of flower, cut-way view to show style and epigynous nectaries N ovary, transverse section. Line drawing by E. Sanoj from plants in cultivation; voucher Sanoj & Rajesh Kumar 105640." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9840" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figs. 2-4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Plate 1. Inflorescences with flowers of A Larsenianthus wardianus W. J. Kress, Thet Htun & Bordelon B Larsenianthus careyanus (Benth.) W. J. Kress & Mood C Larsenianthus assamensis S. Dey, Mood, & S. Choudhury D Larsenianthus arunachalensis M. Sabu, Sanoj & T. Rajesh Kumar. All photos by the authors." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9841" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Plate 1A-D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="latin">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Latin</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Zingiberacearum tribus Zingiberearum genus novum</emphasis>
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Hedychio
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">J. Koenig affine, a quo staminodiis lateralibus parvis auriculatis, labello angusto elongato marginibus incrassatis carinaque centrali et filamento valde arcuato differt</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. J. Kress & Mood" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="W. J. Kress & Mood" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Larsenianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="careyanus">Larsenianthus careyanus</taxonomicName>
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(Benth.) W. J. Kress & Mood, comb. nov.,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hitchenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="careyana">Hitchenia careyana</taxonomicName>
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Benth., Gen. Pl. 3: 643. 1883.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
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Evergreen, rhizomatous, terrestrial herbs, clumping with 10-20 shoots per plant, 1-2.5 m tall, plane of distichy of leaves parallel to rhizome, 2-12 leaves per shoot, alternate, sessile to petiolate. Inflorescence terminal on leafy shoot or basal on leafless shoot, pedunculate; bracts basally attached, reflexed or adpressed, spirally arranged and imbricate, 35-80 per inflorescence, not pouched, adventitious plantlets sometimes produced in sterile bracts at base of inflorescence; flowers mature from base to apex of inflorescence. Bracteoles variable in size, the inner one largest, not tubular. Flowers conspicuous, in cincinni of 2-6 flowers or rarely reduced to one flower; calyx tubular, tri-dentate, shorter than the corolla; floral tube long and curved, exserted well beyond the bract, corolla lobes subequal with dorsal lobe slightly larger than laterals, apex opening oblong, bordered on the two lateral sides with a thickened and rounded margin formed by the base of the lateral staminodes and the labellum; lateral staminodes small, bowl-shaped, reflexed; labellum narrow at the base, widening towards the apex, elongate, oblanceolate or spatulate, basal margins thickened, raised with center channeled or
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘v’">'v'</normalizedToken>
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in cross-section, apex dentate or entire; fertile stamen long and arched over the labellum, anther oblong, without a crest, thecae dehiscent for full length; epigynous glands linear; style with stigma protruding beyond anther thecae; ovary trilocular, fruit an oblong capsule, two-layered with the outer splitting into three coiled sections, the inner forming an arillate membrane covering the 1-10 seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. J. Kress & Mood" authorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Larsenianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larsenianthus</taxonomicName>
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is a distinctive genus in the tribe Zingibereae. Some similarities exist with the genera
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hedychium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Scitamineae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Hedychium</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Globba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Scitamineae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Globba</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wittmack" authorityYear="1895" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Pommereschea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Scitamineae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Pommereschea</taxonomicName>
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in the vegetative parts, the bract orientation, and the long filament. The uniqueness of the genus and its close relationship to
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<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hedychium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Scitamineae" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Hedychium</taxonomicName>
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is confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Molecular phylogeny of the Zingiberaceae indicating the placement of Larsenianthus within the Zingiberoideae in the combined ITS / trnK analysis. Tree length (excluding uninformative characters) = 1,590 steps, Consistency Index = 0.5314, Retention Index = 0.6809, Rescaled Consistency Index = 0.3619. Bootstrap numbers are provided above the branch, Posterior Probabilities below." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9837" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). However, the combination of unique features including the narrow, elongate labellum with slightly thicken edges and a deeply channeled center combined with the small, cup-shaped lateral staminodes and strongly arched filament clearly distinguish this genus from others in the tribe. Two additional traits that ch
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="20" start="start">aracterize</pageBreakToken>
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at least two of the four species in the genus (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Dey, Mood, & S. Choudhury" authorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Larsenianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="assamensis">Larsenianthus assamensis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. J. Kress & Mood" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="W. J. Kress & Mood" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Larsenianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="careyanus">Larsenianthus careyanus</taxonomicName>
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) are the unusual white capsular fruit with a gelatinous fused arillate structure that encases the seeds and the multiple adventitious plantlets that form in the axils of the sterile bracts at the base of the inflorescence.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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This new genus honors Dr. Kai Larsen, Professor of Botany Emeritus, Aarhus University, Denmark, for his many years of dedicated efforts in the education of botanists worldwide and for his profound achievements in the taxonomy of the family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" genus="Zingiberaceae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rank="genus">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
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, especially in the flora of Thailand.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9838" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W. J. Kress, Thet Htun & Bordelon" authorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Larsenianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wardianus">Larsenianthus wardianus</taxonomicName>
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W. J. Kress, Thet Htun & Bordelon.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
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overall habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
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leaf base with petiole and ligule
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
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inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
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inflorescence bract
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">E</emphasis>
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bracteole
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">F</emphasis>
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calyx, spread open
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">G</emphasis>
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flower, lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">H</emphasis>
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flower, front view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I</emphasis>
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flower, semi-lateral view with corolla tube cut away to show epigynous nectaries and style
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">J</emphasis>
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base of flower, cut-way view to show style, and ovary
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">K</emphasis>
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anther with slightly protruding stigma
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
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ovary, transverse section. Line drawing by Alice Tangerini from plants in cultivation; Botany Research Greenhouse Accession #02-7054and US National Herbarium voucher W. J. Kress 10-8750.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="key to species of larsenianthus">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Key to species of Larsenianthus</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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<table inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">1b.</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Inflorescence terminal on a leafy shoot</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">2</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">2a.</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Inflorescence bracts green and white, 4-6 flowers per bract</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. J. Kress & Mood" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="W. J. Kress & Mood" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Larsenianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="careyanus">Larsenianthus careyanus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">2b.</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Inflorescence bracts red, 1-3 flowers per bract</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">3a.</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Margins of inflorescence bracts corrugate and denticulate, 1 flower per bract</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Dey, Mood, & S. Choudhury" authorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Larsenianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="assamensis">Larsenianthus assamensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
|
|||
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">3b.</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">Margins of inflorescence bracts entire and smooth, 2-3 flowers per bract</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rowspan="1">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Sabu, Sanoj & T. Rajesh Kumar" authorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Larsenianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arunachalensis">Larsenianthus arunachalensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|