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<document id="2D7C27D7B88BE640CCBB565BCDA2472E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181966" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1822bdf4-a38e-45f5-bf44-83bd611e100e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181966" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459845697870" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Matov, Alexej, Zahiri, Reza &amp; Holloway, Jeremy D." docDate="2008" docId="6A256C1FFB69FFB1FF1CE385FCC6FA2D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01763p037.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1763" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Heliothis Ochsenheimer 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="961C1467FB6CFFB4FF8BE367FFEFFFBA" masterDocTitle="The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698224829043" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="025F4DCE2BD369172CFE2E06A39E5A86" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="FB3A4097E33DC6F48B2C850A2F3B42D7">
<mods:title id="D948B31F8381195A938A1EC8EADE042F">The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="33808A4CD21EB3CCB8AC241ECE03944C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3E6A78907C9B6C0189B50ED89167D23C">
<mods:roleTerm id="35E94E45A414B9935827773362216F26">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D9884C59603C31F7CD881813FF7E792F">Matov, Alexej</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="252C272AE82EDFFA1E4A82E02EA597B4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="11438F9CB2D5F80FFCB96849064BEE7C">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="64D288638C603B9AD7A7902F440F393B">Zahiri, Reza</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6E29E22A85CF7B5604ABADA8035C0E4F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F79D42D9A88E29E17F6DB1D34B9617FE">
<mods:roleTerm id="67D81496E5679AAB6FF289FBA73B0D3E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6BA47ACB13DB6B779C057798C3DA0CD1">Holloway, Jeremy D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5A5D35D426BD36552F821186576007DA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="66977B685F4752DB5B6E101D7690ED11">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A7085799BF06E0B567D960C3459CBA6C">
<mods:date id="ABBF87183BD9530E3D067B40F75EC3C2">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="24AFCDA13E7472C1389C3F4C9F23F449" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7B38B32BD557D55005D834D64E52F9FD">1763</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F118CF70846C3B464537A98D4EDFB3D7">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="15E579F17942D7BE57DD831412BAB9BA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="871CF116786BCA5CB7385EC9378FB6CF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181966</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0CCAFE4CBF542941D2A196AEAEE32B5A" type="GBIF-Dataset">1822bdf4-a38e-45f5-bf44-83bd611e100e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7B528ED27479A96083208C6517D6F464" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="78A105590629288F3D37E45288E820D6" type="Zenodo-Dep">181966</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6A256C1FFB69FFB1FF1CE385FCC6FA2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6235901" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119361447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6235901" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A256C1FFB69FFB1FF1CE385FCC6FA2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A256C1FFB69FFB1FF1CE385FCC6FA2D" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB69FFB1FF1CE385FDB0FF46" box="[151,607,226,252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF1CE385FDB0FF46" blockId="5.[151,607,226,252]" box="[151,607,226,252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="B97B6A65FB69FFB1FF1CE385FDB0FF46" bold="true" box="[151,607,226,252]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF1CE385FDB0FF46" bold="true" box="[151,607,226,252]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FF65E385FDB0FF46" ID-CoL="92LMK" authority="Ochsenheimer, 1816" authorityName="Ochsenheimer" authorityYear="1816" box="[238,607,226,252]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF65E385FEB2FF46" bold="true" box="[238,349,226,252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heliothis</emphasis>
Ochsenheimer, 1816
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB69FFB1FF1CE24AFF36FDB5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF1CE24AFE70FED5" blockId="5.[151,1436,301,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF1CE24AFED2FEFD" bold="true" box="[151,317,301,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="3D3763ABFB69FFB1FF1CE24AFF3BFEFD" box="[151,212,301,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FECDE24AFD09FEFD" authority="Linnaeus, 1767" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[326,742,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dipsacea">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FECDE24AFDC8FEFC" box="[326,551,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phalaena dipsacea</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1767
</taxonomicName>
(Syst. Nat. (Ed. 12) 1: 856) by subsequent designation by Samouelle, 1819: 252.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF4EE21AFF36FDB5" blockId="5.[151,1436,301,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF4EE21AFEBCFE2D" bold="true" box="[197,339,381,407]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Synonymy:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FED1E21AFD6EFE2D" authority="Meigen, 1832" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1832" box="[346,641,381,407]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FED1E21AFE3BFE2C" box="[346,468,381,406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heliothisa</emphasis>
Meigen, 1832
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FD06E21AFC5CFE2D" authority="Sodoffsky, 1837" authorityName="Sodoffsky" authorityYear="1837" box="[653,947,381,407]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliotis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FD06E21AFD05FE2C" box="[653,746,381,406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heliotis</emphasis>
Sodoffsky, 1837
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FC34E21AFB78FE2D" authority="Duncan" authorityName="Duncan" box="[959,1175,381,407]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Chloridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FC34E21AFBD9FE2C" box="[959,1078,381,406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chloridea</emphasis>
Duncan
</taxonomicName>
&amp; [Westwood], 1841;
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF1CE2C2FF1EFE04" box="[151,241,421,446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Asphila</emphasis>
Guenée, 1852;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FE3AE2C2FD0FFE05" authority="Grote, 1865" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1865" box="[433,736,421,447]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliocheilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FE3AE2C2FDAAFE04" box="[433,581,421,446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heliocheilus</emphasis>
Grote, 1865
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FD65E2C2FC07FE05" authority="Moore, 1881" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1881" box="[750,1000,421,447]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dorika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FD65E2C2FCAEFE04" box="[750,833,421,446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dorika</emphasis>
Moore, 1881
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FC7DE2C2FAEAFE05" authority="Grote, 1883" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1883" box="[1014,1285,421,447]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Rhodosea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FC7DE2C2FB85FE04" box="[1014,1130,421,446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rhodosea</emphasis>
Grote, 1883
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FA98E2C2FEC6FE5D" authority="Grote, 1883" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Disocnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FA98E2C2FA73FE04" box="[1299,1436,421,446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Disocnemis</emphasis>
Grote, 1883
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FEBCE2AAFD8FFE5D" authority="Grote, 1890" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1890" box="[311,608,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dysocnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FEBCE2AAFE2AFE5C" box="[311,453,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dysocnemis</emphasis>
Grote, 1890
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FDE4E2AAFC2DFE5D" authority="Hampson, 1903" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1903" box="[623,962,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Neocleptria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FDE4E2AAFD15FE5C" box="[623,762,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Neocleptria</emphasis>
Hampson, 1903
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FC5AE2AAFB37FE5D" authority="Beck, 1996" authorityName="Beck" authorityYear="1996" box="[977,1240,461,487]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nubiothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FC5AE2AAFBACFE5C" box="[977,1091,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nubiothis</emphasis>
Beck, 1996
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FB6DE2AAFF3AFDB5" authority="Beck, 1996" authorityName="Beck" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Peltothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FB6DE2AAFAA1FE5C" box="[1254,1358,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peltothis</emphasis>
Beck, 1996
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB69FFB1FF1CE10AFD15FCAE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF1CE10AFDA7FD3D" blockId="5.[151,584,621,647]" box="[151,584,621,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FF1CE10AFDA7FD3D" authority="Hufnagel, 1766" authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1766" box="[151,584,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viriplaca">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF1CE10AFE98FD3D" bold="true" box="[151,375,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heliothis viriplaca</emphasis>
(Hufnagel, 1766)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF1CE1DAFC68FD6E" blockId="5.[151,1436,701,884]" box="[151,903,701,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pl. 1, fig. 1; male genitalia Pl. 3, fig. 20; female genitalia Pl. 8, fig. 37.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF1CE1BAFB85FD4E" blockId="5.[151,1436,701,884]" box="[151,1130,733,756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FF1CE1BAFDFCFD4E" authority="Hufnagel, 1766" authorityName="Hufnagel" authorityYear="1766" box="[151,531,733,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viriplaca">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF1CE1BAFE8BFD4E" box="[151,356,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phalaena viriplaca</emphasis>
Hufnagel, 1766
</taxonomicName>
, Berlinisches
<date id="9632FBC9FB69FFB1FD23E1BAFD1CFD4E" box="[680,755,733,756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mag. 3</date>
(4): 406 (TL.: [
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB69FFB1FC11E1BAFBE8FD4E" box="[922,1031,733,756]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Germany</collectingCountry>
]: Berlin).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF1CE19BFD15FCAE" blockId="5.[151,1436,701,884]" box="[151,762,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF1CE19BFEF7FCAE" bold="true" box="[151,280,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Synonymy:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FE95E19AFD15FCAE" authority="Linnaeus, 1767" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[286,762,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phalaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dipsacea" subGenus="Noctua">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FE95E19AFE6BFCAE" box="[286,388,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phalaena</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FE1FE19AFE0EFCAE" box="[404,481,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Noctua</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FE7AE19AFDA0FCAE" box="[497,591,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">dipsacea</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1767
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB69FFB1FF1CE07BFDB2FBC5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF1CE07BFB62FCCE" blockId="5.[151,1436,701,884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF1CE07BFEFCFC8E" bold="true" box="[151,275,796,820]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">References</emphasis>
: Christoph 1873, 1877 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FDADE07AFD14FC8E" box="[550,763,797,820]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dipsaceus">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FDADE07AFD14FC8E" box="[550,763,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heliothis dipsaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Schwingenschuss 1938; Barou 1967 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FB3DE07AFA63FC8E" box="[1206,1420,797,820]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Chloridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dipsacea">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FB3DE07AFA63FC8E" box="[1206,1420,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chloridea dipsacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Kalali 1976; Modarres Awal 1994, 1997 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FD00E05AFCB0FCEE" box="[651,863,829,852]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Chloridea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viriplaca">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FD00E05AFCB0FCEE" box="[651,863,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chloridea viriplaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Zahedi 1983 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FB84E05AFB38FCEE" ID-CoL="94K6J" box="[1039,1239,829,852]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dipsacea">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FB84E05AFB38FCEE" box="[1039,1239,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heliothis dipsacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Hacker &amp; Kautt 1999); Hacker &amp; Meineke 2001; Hacker 2001; Ebert &amp; Hacker 2002 (
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FC3FE03AFB92FCCE" ID-CoL="942XV" box="[948,1149,861,884]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viriplaca">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FC3FE03AFB92FCCE" box="[948,1149,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heliothis viriplaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF1CE0FAFDB2FBC5" blockId="5.[151,1436,925,1431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF1CE0FAFECCFC0D" bold="true" box="[151,291,925,951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bionomics:</emphasis>
Bivoltine, probably multivoltine (Hacker 2001), univoltine in
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB69FFB1FB92E0FAFBB5FC0D" box="[1049,1114,925,951]" name="Israel" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Israel</collectingCountry>
(Kravchenko
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FA83E0FAFAA9FC0C" box="[1288,1350,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2005). Moth in flight from March to September. The early stages have been described by Hampson (1903), Spuler (1908), Forster &amp; Wohlfahrt (1971), Bretherton
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FD4CE08AFCEEFBBC" box="[711,769,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1979) and Skou (1991). The species flies by day as well as at night. The species inhabits steppe-like habitas, usually at medium altitude up to
<quantity id="257470ECFB69FFB1FB25E772FAE2FB95" box="[1198,1293,1045,1071]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="2900.0">2900 m</quantity>
. Larvae are polyphagous, feed on 70 species of herbaceous plants of 22 botanical families (prefer
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FB5BE75AFA77FBED" ID-CoL="7RZ" box="[1232,1432,1085,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FF1CE702FEE8FBC5" ID-CoL="623QT" box="[151,263,1125,1151]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FE98E702FE7DFBC5" ID-CoL="BR9" box="[275,402,1125,1151]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="258CA68AFB69FFB1FE41E702FDBFFBC5" ID-CoL="622TP" box="[458,592,1125,1151]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB69FFB1FF4EE7EAFC17FB4D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF4EE7EAFC17FB4D" blockId="5.[151,1436,925,1431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF4EE7EAFEB1FB1D" bold="true" box="[197,350,1165,1191]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution</emphasis>
: West Palaearctic. Europe, North Africa, Near East, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Central Asia,
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB69FFB1FF1CE7D2FECCFB75" box="[151,291,1205,1231]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, south Siberia (including Transbaikalia),
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB69FFB1FC81E7D2FCBFFB75" box="[778,848,1205,1231]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">China</collectingCountry>
and north
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB69FFB1FC5BE7D2FBFFFB75" box="[976,1040,1205,1231]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">India</collectingCountry>
. – In
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB69FFB1FBD8E7D2FB6DFB75" box="[1107,1154,1205,1231]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Iran</collectingCountry>
(Pl. 10, fig. 49) distributed almost everywhere except eastern and some south-eastern provinces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA968E82FB69FFB1FF4EE662FCC6FA2D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E233DD09FB69FFB1FF4EE662FCC6FA2D" blockId="5.[151,1436,925,1431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="D0F8011BFB69FFB1FF4EE662FE5BFAA5" bold="true" box="[197,436,1285,1311]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="F48A1680FB69FFB1FE4EE662FD9BFAA5" box="[453,628,1285,1311]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">351 specimens</specimenCount>
from provinces West
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB69FFB1FCF6E662FBEEFAA5" box="[893,1025,1285,1311]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
, East
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB69FFB1FBC1E662FB21FAA5" box="[1098,1230,1285,1311]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
, Ardebil, Guilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Qazvin, Qom, Markazi, Zanjan, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Esfahan, Kohkiluyeh va Boyer-Ahmad, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, Lorestan,
<collectingCountry id="9A9B9D99FB69FFB1FBC7E632FB91FAD5" box="[1100,1150,1365,1391]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fars</collectingCountry>
and Kerman, collected between
<date id="9632FBC9FB69FFB1FE8BE61AFE45FA2D" box="[256,426,1405,1431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10.III to 22.IX</date>
on elevations from
<quantity id="257470ECFB69FFB1FD1EE61AFCC9FA2D" box="[661,806,1405,1431]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1450.0" valueMax="2900.0" valueMin="0.0">0 to 2900 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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