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<document id="E6EA0820371AB07A38EAACE4E89344AF" ID-CLB-Dataset="30460" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4399.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3bb8c8e6-3c22-406f-b3ac-7a2809a391ed" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1206440" ID-ZooBank="43FE3C2A-6413-4B9C-88B3-6F27F1B7035F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1521898292300" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schmidt, B. Christian" docDate="2018" docId="03E087F6E540732BFF67F816FCBDFB4E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4399.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4399 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hemaris aethra Schmidt 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" masterDocId="FFD9FF8EE5447322FFF0FF9BFFE7FF8A" masterDocTitle="Cryptic species among bumblebee mimics: an unrecognized Hemaris hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in eastern North America" updateTime="1698532620432" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="7D4CBBB1FB20BCD8275DD3CE7445754F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F0B1EB3A0EFF37763512D271B2D237F0">
<mods:title id="29AF78A0AA7DE843C24278858177C5D3">Cryptic species among bumblebee mimics: an unrecognized Hemaris hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in eastern North America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CD0A794EF006F5F44D5DF03CE74D6375" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9DB6A952610F7D2A8CA093C5CC0A7908">Schmidt, B. Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="589EA6CEA7CF7C405C94A489E6AC2A95">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="09B9E43A335A89E16C73C375850EB1D5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F0ED9ADA29E24AAEF63A979D0764D404">
<mods:date id="94DA5127A6EEF58CA9C2C25E9F1BAD23">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5A290BFFE5346651F3094C61EF45BC63" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EBF1108269B235E7B61D054E65B17ED5">2018-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="54A5CEC32268C15FD422CD6A5C8F07D5">4399</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8E2643E6F645109D2381B159D507A933">journal volume</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="ADDECDF5BAC22A8322C0C960AA2268C7" type="CLB-Dataset">30460</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="09E2B0F3F42679DD818A7C9A38C34642" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4399.1.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A759E93927D427D4F392494DA4DF62AE" type="GBIF-Dataset">3bb8c8e6-3c22-406f-b3ac-7a2809a391ed</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0BF0F1DF673F75C94562702C11BECB64" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3D1CE4F29E2740D0588543FB83BFE263" type="Zenodo-Dep">1206440</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E087F6E540732BFF67F816FCBDFB4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5968109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5968109" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087F6E540732BFF67F816FCBDFB4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087F6E540732BFF67F816FCBDFB4E" lastPageId="9" pageId="4">
<subSubSection id="C353656BE5407327FF67F816FEB8F90A" lastPageId="5" pageId="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5407326FF67F816FE13F82D" blockId="4.[151,500,1933,1959]" box="[151,500,1933,1959]" pageId="4">
<heading id="D0BE818CE5407326FF67F816FE13F82D" bold="true" box="[151,500,1933,1959]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5407326FF67F816FE13F82D" bold="true" box="[151,500,1933,1959]" pageId="4">
Diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5407326FEC6F816FE13F82D" ID-CoL="974BM" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[310,500,1933,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5407326FEC6F816FE13F82D" bold="true" box="[310,500,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="4">Hemaris aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5407327FF67F84FFCE7FE96" blockId="4.[151,1436,2004,2029]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="5" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5407326FF67F84FFF04F867" bold="true" box="[151,227,2004,2029]" pageId="4">Adult.</emphasis>
EXTERNAl dIffERENCES bETWEEN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5407326FDB5F84EFD53F867" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[581,692,2004,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5407326FDB5F84EFDBEF866" box="[581,601,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5407326FD9BF84FFD53F867" box="[619,692,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="4">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ANd
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5407326FD01F84FFCD8F867" box="[753,831,2004,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5407326FD01F84FFCD8F867" box="[753,831,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="4">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ARE SUbTlE, ANd USUAllY dIffICUlT TO EVAlUATE WITHOUT COmPARATIVE SPECImENS IN HANd; PHOTOgRAPHS Of lIVE SPECImENS ARE dIffICUlT OR ImPOSSIblE TO dETERmINE. OVERAll,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FA71FF02FF07FF5F" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FA71FF02FF07FF5F" italics="true" pageId="5">H. aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AdUlTS APPEAR SlIgHTlY lARgER ANd mORE RObUST WITH AN OVERAll RICHER ORANgE-YEllOW TONE COmPAREd TO
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FA71FF26FF02FF72" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FA71FF26FF02FF72" italics="true" pageId="5">H. diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IN CORRESPONdINg SPRINg VS SUmmER bROOdS (FIgS. 3–6), ANd WITH A SlIgHTlY gREATER EXTENT Of REd SCAlINg ON THE fOREWINg APEX ANd HINdWINg ANAl mARgIN (
<tableCitation id="C6CB035BE5417327FD6AFE9FFD14FE96" box="[666,755,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,328,351]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of diagnostic differences between H. aethra and H. diffinis, based on populations in eastern Canada." pageId="5">TAblE 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF366668E5417327FF67FED3FF09FEF5" pageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5417327FF67FED3FF09FEF5" blockId="5.[151,1435,327,383]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FF67FED3FEEBFED5" bold="true" box="[151,268,328,351]" pageId="5">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of diagnostic differences between
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FCEEFED3FC60FED5" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[798,903,327,351]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FCEEFED3FCD6FED5" box="[798,817,328,351]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FCB2FEDCFC60FED5" box="[834,903,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FC32FED3FBC8FED5" box="[962,1071,327,351]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FC32FED3FC32FED5" box="[962,981,328,351]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FC15FEDCFBC8FED5" box="[997,1071,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on populations in eastern Canada.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5417327FF6FFE01FB21FCBF" pageId="5">
<table id="F949C440E5418CDDFF6FFE01FA92FCBF" box="[159,1397,410,821]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="5">
<tr id="357934A2E5418CDDFF6FFE01FA92FE3A" box="[159,1397,410,432]" gridrow="0" pageId="5">
<th id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFF6FFE01FE0EFE3A" box="[159,489,410,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5">Trait</th>
<th id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFE09FE01FC53FE3A" box="[505,948,410,432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FE09FE00FDBDFE3A" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[505,602,410,432]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE09FE00FDBDFE3A" box="[505,602,410,432]" italics="true" pageId="5">H. aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFC21FE01FA92FE3A" box="[977,1397,410,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FC21FE00FBD2FE3A" box="[977,1077,410,432]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FC21FE00FBD2FE3A" box="[977,1077,410,432]" italics="true" pageId="5">H. diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357934A2E5418CDDFF6FFE58FA92FE56" box="[159,1397,451,476]" gridrow="1" pageId="5">
<th id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFF6FFE58FE0EFE56" box="[159,489,451,476]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5">head width1</th>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFE09FE58FC53FE56" box="[505,948,451,476]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5">3.82 mm</td>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFC21FE58FA92FE56" box="[977,1397,451,476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5">3.52 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934A2E5418CDDFF6FFE74FA92FD82" box="[159,1397,495,520]" gridrow="2" pageId="5">
<th id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFF6FFE74FE0EFD82" box="[159,489,495,520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5">
Forewing length (1
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FE90FE6BFE3CFD82" box="[352,475,496,520]" pageId="5" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="generation">st generation</taxonomicName>
)2
</th>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFE09FE74FC53FD82" box="[505,948,495,520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5">20.7 mm</td>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFC21FE74FA92FD82" box="[977,1397,495,520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5">18.2 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934A2E5418CDDFF6FFD80FA92FDBE" box="[159,1397,539,564]" gridrow="3" pageId="5">
<th id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFF6FFD80FE0EFDBE" box="[159,489,539,564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5">Forewing length (2nd genration)2</th>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFE09FD80FC53FDBE" box="[505,948,539,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5">21.6 mm</td>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFC21FD80FA92FDBE" box="[977,1397,539,564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5">19.6 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934A2E5418CDDFF6FFDDCFA92FDF6" box="[159,1397,583,636]" gridrow="4" pageId="5">
<th id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFF6FFDDCFE0EFDF6" box="[159,489,583,636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5">forewing apex</th>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFE09FDDCFC53FDF6" box="[505,948,583,636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5">reddish-brown patch larger, occupying 50% or more of R4-R5 cell</td>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFC21FDDCFA92FDF6" box="[977,1397,583,636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5">brown patch smaller, usually occupying &lt;50% of R4-R5 cell</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934A2E5418CDDFF6FFD14FA92FD4E" box="[159,1397,655,708]" gridrow="5" pageId="5">
<th id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFF6FFD14FE0EFD4E" box="[159,489,655,708]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5">Hindwing anal margin</th>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFE09FD14FC53FD4E" box="[505,948,655,708]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5">reddish brown scaling more extensive</td>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFC21FD14FA92FD4E" box="[977,1397,655,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5">reddish brown scaling usually limited to inner margin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934A2E5418CDDFF6FFD4CFA92FC86" box="[159,1397,727,780]" gridrow="6" pageId="5">
<th id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFF6FFD4CFE0EFC86" box="[159,489,727,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5">dorsal-medial vestiture</th>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFE09FD4CFC53FC86" box="[505,948,727,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5">richer orange-brown, dorsal thorax contrasting with olive-brown tegula</td>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFC21FD4CFA92FC86" box="[977,1397,727,780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5">olive tan-brown, with less colour conrtast between thorax dorsum and tegula</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934A2E5418CDDFF6FFC84FA92FCBF" box="[159,1397,799,821]" gridrow="7" pageId="5">
<th id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFF6FFC84FE0EFCBF" box="[159,489,799,821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5">female postvaginal plate</th>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFE09FC84FC53FCBF" box="[505,948,799,821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5">0.8-1.0x as wide as long</td>
<td id="76A85DDEE5418CDDFC21FC84FA92FCBF" box="[977,1397,799,821]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5">0.5-0.7x as wide as long</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5417327FF67FCCDFE15FCE5" blockId="5.[151,1436,854,946]" box="[151,498,854,879]" pageId="5">1 maximum width including eye.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5417327FF67FCE2FE67FC38" blockId="5.[151,1436,854,946]" pageId="5">
<specimenCount id="9D4FFD69E5417327FF67FCE2FF01FC18" box="[151,230,889,914]" pageId="5" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(n = 6); northern univoltine populations
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FD5EFCE0FCDFFC18" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1875" box="[686,824,890,914]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diffinis" subSpecies="aethra">
of
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FD3EFCE0FCDFFC18" box="[718,824,890,914]" italics="true" pageId="5">H. aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not differ significantly from those of 1
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FAFCFCE0FA7BFC18" box="[1292,1436,891,914]" pageId="5" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="generation">st generation</taxonomicName>
bivoltine populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5417327FF37FC7BFB9AFA7A" blockId="5.[151,1438,991,1988]" pageId="5">
MAXImUm HEAd WIdTH IS 8% WIdER THAN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FD7DFC7BFD19FC72" box="[653,766,991,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FD7DFC7BFD46FC7D" box="[653,673,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FD40FC44FD19FC72" box="[688,766,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6CB035BE5417327FCFCFC44FC83FC72" box="[780,868,991,1016]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,328,351]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of diagnostic differences between H. aethra and H. diffinis, based on populations in eastern Canada." pageId="5">TAblE 2</tableCitation>
), ANd fOREWINg lENgTH IS 14% gREATER,
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FAE5FC7BFAFAFC7D" box="[1301,1309,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="5">i</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FAD4FC7BFAD7FC7D" box="[1316,1328,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="5">e</emphasis>
. 35–36% OVERAll gREATER WINg AREA THAN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FE09FB9EFD8CFB96" box="[505,619,1027,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE09FB9EFDEAFB96" box="[505,525,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FDEDFB98FD8CFB96" box="[541,619,1027,1052]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. THE COlORATION Of THE dORSAl VESTITURE
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FBC0FB98FB58FB96" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1875" box="[1072,1215,1027,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diffinis" subSpecies="aethra">
Of
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FBA1FB9EFB82FB96" box="[1105,1125,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FB86FB98FB58FB96" box="[1142,1215,1027,1052]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dIffERS IN HAVINg A STRAW-YEllOW RATHER THAN blONdE-bUff dORSOlATERAl lINE. DIAgNOSTIC dIffERENCES IN AdUlT VESTITURE ARE dIffICUlT OR ImPOSSIblE TO dISCERN IN flIgHT-WORN INdIVIdUAlS. SlIgHT dIffERENCES IN fOREWINg mARKINgS ARE AlSO EVIdENT. THE fOREWINg APEX
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FECDFBF4FE21FB02" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1875" box="[317,454,1135,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diffinis" subSpecies="aethra">
Of
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FEACFBEBFE97FB0D" box="[348,368,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE8EFBF4FE21FB02" box="[382,454,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
HAS A lARgER REddISH-bROWN PATCH THAT USUAllY COVERS HAlf OR mORE Of THE SCAlEd mARgINAl AREA dElImITEd bY VEINS R4 ANd R5. THE REddISH-bROWN SCAlINg Of THE HINdWINg ANAl mARgIN IS AlSO mORE EXTENSIVE, gIVINg THE HINdWINg mARgIN AN OVERAll bRIgHTER APPEARANCE. UNlIKE
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FC68FB23FBEFFB5A" box="[920,1032,1207,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FC68FB23FC4BFB45" box="[920,940,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FC4CFB2CFBEFFB5A" box="[956,1032,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, THE fOREWINg mARgINAl bANd IS NOT NOTICEAblY THINNER IN SPRINg VERSUS SUmmER INdIVIdUAlS (COmPARE FIgS. 3–5 VERSUS FIgS. 4–6), SO SEASONAl VARIATION APPEARS TO bE lESS PRONOUNCEd IN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FE0EFA9BFD81FA92" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[510,614,1279,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE0EFA9BFDF5FA9D" box="[510,530,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FDEFFB64FD81FA92" box="[543,614,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. THE dORSAl ANd mEdIAl VESTITURE Of THE THORAX ANd AbdOmEN dIffERS fROm
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FA71FA9BFF04FAB6" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FA71FA9BFA72FA9D" box="[1409,1429,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FF67FAB8FF04FAB6" box="[151,227,1315,1340]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IN bEINg A RICHER ORANgE-bROWN dORSO-lATERAllY, WITH THE dORSO-mEdIAl THORAX SlIgHTlY mORE CONTRASTINg RElATIVE TO THE OlIVE-bROWN TEgUlAE. SUmmER
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FDD7FAD3FD77FAEA" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[551,656,1351,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FDD7FAD3FDDCFAD5" box="[551,571,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FDB8FADCFD77FAEA" box="[584,656,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SPECImENS dIffER fROm THOSE Of THE SPRINg bROOd IN bEINg SlIgHTlY lARgER (
<tableCitation id="C6CB035BE5417327FF6DFAF0FF14FA0E" box="[157,243,1387,1412]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,328,351]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of diagnostic differences between H. aethra and H. diffinis, based on populations in eastern Canada." pageId="5">TAblE 2</tableCitation>
), ANd WITH lESS EXTENSIVE PAlE dORSOlATERAl SETAE, THE dORSUm Of A5 IS AlSO dARKER OVERAll. NO CONSISTENT mAlE gENITAlIC dIffERENCES bETWEEN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FE10FA0BFDAEFA22" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[480,585,1423,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE10FA0BFE13FA2D" box="[480,500,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FDF2FA14FDAEFA22" box="[514,585,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ANd
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FD71FA0BFD08FA22" box="[641,751,1423,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FD71FA0BFD72FA2D" box="[641,661,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FD53FA14FD08FA22" box="[675,751,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
WERE ObSERVEd. FEmAlES dIffER STRUCTURAllY IN THE SHAPE Of THE POSTVAgINAl PlATE, WHICH APPEARS AS A ROUNdEd SqUARE IN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FD09FA2EFC87FA46" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[761,864,1459,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FD09FA2EFCEAFA46" box="[761,781,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FCE9FA28FC87FA46" box="[793,864,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (0.8–1.0X AS WIdE AS lONg) ANd NARROW IN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FADFFA2EFA7BFA46" box="[1327,1436,1459,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FADFFA2EFAA4FA46" box="[1327,1347,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FAA0FA28FA7BFA46" box="[1360,1436,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(0.5–0.7X AS WIdE AS lONg), bUT lESS qUAdRATE ANd mORE Off-CENTER THAN IN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FC44FA43FBF7FA7A" box="[948,1040,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thetis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FC44FA43FC2FFA65" box="[948,968,1496,1519]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FC25FA4CFBF7FA7A" box="[981,1040,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="5">thetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13722A65E5417327FBEEFA43FB88FA7A" box="[1054,1135,1496,1520]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1378,1400]" captionTargetBox="[228,1436,382,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,375,1356]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Female genitalia of Hemaris thetis (A), H. diffinis (B) and H.aethra (C). Scale bar equals 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1206452/files/figure.png" pageId="5">FIg. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5417327FF37FA67FEB8F90A" blockId="5.[151,1438,991,1988]" pageId="5">
LITERATURE REfERENCES TO
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FE26FA66FDA4F99E" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[470,579,1531,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE26FA66FE0DF99E" box="[470,490,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE0AFA60FDA4F99E" box="[506,579,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ARE fEW; BARNES &amp; MCDUNNOUgH (1910) CORRECTlY dIAgNOSEd THE TAXON (bUT
<collectingCountry id="F35E7670E5417327FF67F9BBFF49F9B2" box="[151,174,1568,1592]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5">AS</collectingCountry>
A SUbSPECIES Of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FE9AF9BBFE3CF9B2" box="[362,475,1567,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE9AF9BBFE99F9BD" box="[362,382,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE7DF984FE3CF9B2" box="[397,475,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). THE SPECImEN IllUSTRATEd bY HOdgES (1971) ON PlATE II, fIgURE 1 ANd THAT IllUSTRATEd bY
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B11E5417327FF4CF9D8FEB6F9D6" box="[188,337,1603,1628]" pageId="5" refId="ref8768" refString="Tuttle, J. P. (2007) The Hawk Moths of North America. A natural history study of the Sphingidae of the United States and Canada. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 253 pp." type="book">TUTTlE (2007)</bibRefCitation>
ON PlATE 5, fIgURE 5
<collectingCountry id="F35E7670E5417327FDCDF9DFFDB3F9D6" box="[573,596,1604,1628]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5">AS</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FDADF9DEFD29F9D6" box="[605,718,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FDADF9DEFD96F9D6" box="[605,625,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FD71F9D8FD29F9D6" box="[641,718,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ARE bOTH
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FCCDF9DEFC4DF9D6" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[829,938,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FCCDF9DEFCB6F9D6" box="[829,849,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FC91F9D8FC4DF9D6" box="[865,938,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ANd lIKElY AlSO THE SPECImEN IllUSTRATEd bY HANdfIEld (2011).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353656BE541732AFF37F910FB52F910" lastPageId="8" pageId="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5417327FF37F910FE94F84E" blockId="5.[151,1438,991,1988]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FF37F910FEF0F92E" bold="true" box="[199,279,1675,1700]" pageId="5">Larva.</emphasis>
THE lARVA
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FE7FF910FDFFF92E" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1875" box="[399,536,1675,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diffinis" subSpecies="aethra">
Of
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE5DF916FE26F92E" box="[429,449,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE3FF910FDFFF92E" box="[463,536,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IS dISTINCTIVE: IT IS THE ONlY NORTH AmERICAN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FBFBF916FB8BF92E" box="[1035,1132,1677,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FBFBF916FB8BF92E" box="[1035,1132,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="5">Hemaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
WITH bRIgHT REd SPIRAClES, A YEllOW PROTHORACIC COllAR ANd A PINK-PURPlE CAUdAl HORN WITH blACK APEX (FIg. 7). BY COmPARISON THE SPIRAClES Of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FA71F92BFF02F966" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FA71F92BFA72F94D" box="[1409,1429,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FF67F948FF02F966" box="[151,229,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ARE INVARIAblY blACK (FIg. 8), ANd YEllOW-ORANgE IN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FCDBF94EFC6EF966" box="[811,905,1747,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thetis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FCDBF94EFCD8F966" box="[811,831,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FCBDF948FC6EF966" box="[845,905,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="5">thetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. THE bASE Of THE CAUdAl HORN IS PINKISH-PURPlE, OCCASIONAllY YEllOW gRAdINg INTO PINKISH EdgINg (FIg. 7A), UNlIKE THE bRIgHT YEllOW bASE Of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FB30F963FAD4F89A" box="[1216,1331,1783,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FB30F963FB33F885" box="[1216,1236,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FB15F96CFAD4F89A" box="[1253,1331,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FIg. 8). NEITHER THE bROWN mORPH (FIg. 8A) NOR THE bICOlOREd gREEN/dARK-bROWN mORPH fOUNd IN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FB89F886FB0DF8BE" box="[1145,1258,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FB89F886FB6AF8BE" box="[1145,1165,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FB6CF880FB0DF8BE" box="[1180,1258,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ANd
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FAD2F880FAB8F8BE" box="[1314,1375,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thetis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FAD2F880FAB8F8BE" box="[1314,1375,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5">thetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
HAVE bEEN fOUNd IN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FECFF8DBFE4AF8D2" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[319,429,1855,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FECFF8DBFEB4F8DD" box="[319,339,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FE94F8A4FE4AF8D2" box="[356,429,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. THE APEX Of THE HORN IS OfTEN CURVEd SlIgHTlY CAUdAd, WHIlE THAT Of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FB3AF8DBFADAF8D2" box="[1226,1341,1855,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FB3AF8DBFB39F8DD" box="[1226,1246,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FB1FF8A4FADAF8D2" box="[1263,1341,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IS OfTEN CURVEd fORWARd (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B11E5417327FEBEF8F8FE31F8F6" box="[334,470,1891,1916]" pageId="5" refId="ref8768" refString="Tuttle, J. P. (2007) The Hawk Moths of North America. A natural history study of the Sphingidae of the United States and Canada. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 253 pp." type="book">TUTTlE 2007</bibRefCitation>
), bUT THIS WAS NOT A CONSISTENTlY dIAgNOSTIC TRAIT IN THE mATERIAl REAREd dURINg THIS STUdY. DESPITE THE mOdERATE bOdY Of HISTORICAl lITERATURE dESCRIbINg
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FCB5F813FC50F82A" box="[837,951,1927,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FCB5F813FCBEF815" box="[837,857,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FC99F81CFC50F82A" box="[873,951,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lARVAE, I COUld fINd NO ACCOUNTS ASCRIbAblE TO
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5417327FF44F836FEF8F84E" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[180,287,1963,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FF44F836FF2FF84E" box="[180,200,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5417327FF26F830FEF8F84E" box="[214,287,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="5">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lARVAE.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5427324FF67F894FDDFF857" blockId="6.[151,1437,1807,2013]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FF67F894FED1F8AF" bold="true" box="[151,310,1807,1829]" pageId="6">FIGUREs 3–4.</emphasis>
Comparison of spring-brood adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5427324FD4EF88BFC85F8AF" box="[702,866,1807,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FD4EF88BFC85F8AF" box="[702,866,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6">Hemaris diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FC98F894FC52F8AF" bold="true" box="[872,949,1807,1829]" pageId="6">(Fig. 3)</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5427324FC15F88BFBA1F8AF" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[997,1094,1807,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FC15F88BFC10F8AF" box="[997,1015,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FBF4F894FBA1F8AF" box="[1028,1094,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FBBCF894FB7EF8AF" bold="true" box="[1100,1177,1807,1829]" pageId="6">(Fig. 4)</emphasis>
from eastern
<collectingCountry id="F35E7670E5427324FAD4F894FA94F8AF" box="[1316,1395,1807,1829]" name="Canada" pageId="6">Canada</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FA8CF894FA7BF8AF" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1807,1829]" pageId="6">3a.</emphasis>
ON: Ottawa Dist., Bells Corners, Timm Dr.,
<date id="FFF71020E5427324FD99F8B5FD0DF8CE" box="[617,746,1838,1860]" pageId="6" value="2010-04-29">29.Apr.2010</date>
, voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5427324FC3EF8B5FBFAF8CE" box="[974,1053,1838,1860]" pageId="6" value="88-03-14">140388</date>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FBDAF8B5FBACF8CE" bold="true" box="[1066,1099,1838,1860]" pageId="6">3b.</emphasis>
ON: Lanark Co.,
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E5427324FAF9F8B5FA88F8CE" box="[1289,1391,1838,1860]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6">California</collectingRegion>
Rd. hydro cut,
<date id="FFF71020E5427324FEF4F8D7FE6BF8E8" box="[260,396,1868,1890]" pageId="6" value="2017-05-24">24.May.2017</date>
, voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5427324FD9AF8D7FD5EF8E8" box="[618,697,1868,1890]" pageId="6" value="89-03-14">140389</date>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FD33F8D7FD06F8E8" bold="true" box="[707,737,1868,1890]" pageId="6">3c.</emphasis>
same data as (3a), voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5427324FB88F8D7FB20F8E8" box="[1144,1223,1868,1890]" pageId="6" value="90-03-14">140390</date>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FB22F8D7FB14F8E8" bold="true" box="[1234,1267,1868,1890]" pageId="6">3d.</emphasis>
same locality as (3a),
<date id="FFF71020E5427324FF23F8F0FEBFF80B" box="[211,344,1899,1921]" pageId="6" value="2009-05-13">13.May.2009</date>
DNA voucher # CNCLEP 62975.
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5427324FD13F8F0FC69F80B" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[739,910,1898,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FD13F8F0FC69F80B" bold="true" box="[739,910,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6">Hemaris aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 4):
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FBF1F8F0FBC6F80B" bold="true" box="[1025,1057,1899,1921]" pageId="6">4a.</emphasis>
NB: Madawaska Co., Edmunston,
<date id="FFF71020E5427324FF67F811FEF9F82A" box="[151,286,1930,1952]" pageId="6" value="2006-05-30">30.May.2006</date>
, DNA voucher # CNCLEP 41278;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FD78F811FD4EF82A" bold="true" box="[648,681,1930,1952]" pageId="6">4b.</emphasis>
ON: Ottawa Dist., Dolan Hwy at Carp Ridge,
<date id="FFF71020E5427324FB77F811FAE5F82A" box="[1159,1282,1930,1952]" pageId="6" value="2012-05-07">7.May.2012</date>
, DNA voucher # CNCLEP 92236;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FE94F833FE65F834" bold="true" box="[356,386,1960,1982]" pageId="6">4c.</emphasis>
same data as (4c), DNA voucher # CNCLEP 92235;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5427324FC44F833FC31F834" bold="true" box="[948,982,1960,1982]" pageId="6">4d.</emphasis>
ON: Lanark Co., Bellamy Rd at hydro cut,
<date id="FFF71020E5427324FF67F85CFEEEF857" box="[151,265,1991,2013]" pageId="6" value="2017-06-09">9.Jun.2017</date>
, voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5427324FE15F85CFDD3F857" box="[485,564,1991,2013]" pageId="6" value="84-03-14">140384</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E5437325FF67F8A4FC2CF864" blockId="7.[151,1437,1855,2030]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FF67F8A4FED1F8DF" bold="true" box="[151,310,1855,1877]" pageId="7">FIGUREs 5–6.</emphasis>
Comparison of summer-brood adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5437325FD28F8DBFC9BF8DF" box="[728,892,1855,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FD28F8DBFC9BF8DF" box="[728,892,1855,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7">Hemaris diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FC74F8A4FC35F8DF" bold="true" box="[900,978,1855,1877]" pageId="7">(Fig. 5)</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5437325FBF4F8DBFB81F8DF" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1028,1126,1855,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FBF4F8DBFBF1F8DF" box="[1028,1046,1856,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FBD4F8A4FB81F8DF" box="[1060,1126,1855,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FB9DF8A4FB5BF8DF" bold="true" box="[1133,1212,1855,1877]" pageId="7">(Fig. 6)</emphasis>
from eastern
<collectingCountry id="F35E7670E5437325FABAF8A4FA7EF8DF" box="[1354,1433,1855,1877]" name="Canada" pageId="7">Canada</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FF67F8C5FF51F8FE" bold="true" box="[151,182,1886,1908]" pageId="7">5a.</emphasis>
ON: Ottawa Dist., Bells Corners, Timm Dr.,
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FD78F8C5FCE7F8FE" box="[648,768,1886,1908]" pageId="7" value="2016-07-15">15.Jul.2016</date>
, voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FC2FF8C5FBC9F8FE" box="[991,1070,1886,1908]" pageId="7" value="91-03-14">140391</date>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FBCAF8C5FBBCF8FE" bold="true" box="[1082,1115,1886,1908]" pageId="7">5b.</emphasis>
ON: Lanark Co., Maberly, Old Brooke Rd.,
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FEECF8E7FE73F818" box="[284,404,1916,1938]" pageId="7" value="2017-07-26">26.Jul.2017</date>
, voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FD88F8E7FD20F818" box="[632,711,1916,1938]" pageId="7" value="92-03-14">140392</date>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FD23F8E7FD16F818" bold="true" box="[723,753,1916,1938]" pageId="7">5c.</emphasis>
same data as (5a), voucher # CNCLEP 120070;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FB1FF8E7FAF7F818" bold="true" box="[1263,1296,1916,1938]" pageId="7">5d.</emphasis>
same data as (5a), voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FE6CF800FE0CF83B" box="[412,491,1947,1969]" pageId="7" value="83-03-14">140383</date>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FE05F800FDF2F83B" bold="true" box="[501,533,1947,1969]" pageId="7">6a.</emphasis>
ON: Ottawa Dist., Dolan Hwy at Carp Ridge, ex larva on
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E5437325FBAEF800FAF3F83B" box="[1118,1300,1947,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lonicera">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FBAEF800FAF3F83B" box="[1118,1300,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="7">Diervilla lonicera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FAEAF800FA7FF83B" box="[1306,1432,1947,1969]" pageId="7" value="2016-06-20">20.Jun.2016</date>
, emgd.
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FF2EF821FEB1F85A" box="[222,342,1978,2000]" pageId="7" value="2016-07-14">14.Jul.2016</date>
, voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FDCBF821FD6DF85A" box="[571,650,1978,2000]" pageId="7" value="85-03-14">140385</date>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FD67F821FD5FF85A" bold="true" box="[663,696,1978,2000]" pageId="7">6b.</emphasis>
same data as (6a), voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FBAEF821FB4AF85A" box="[1118,1197,1978,2000]" pageId="7" value="86-03-14">140386</date>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FB49F821FB30F85A" bold="true" box="[1209,1239,1978,2000]" pageId="7">6c.</emphasis>
same data as (6a), voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FE99F843FE5FF864" box="[361,440,2008,2030]" pageId="7" value="87-03-14">140387</date>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E5437325FE32F843FE03F864" bold="true" box="[450,484,2008,2030]" pageId="7">6d.</emphasis>
same data as (6a), voucher # CNCLEP
<date id="FFF71020E5437325FC87F843FC21F864" box="[887,966,2008,2030]" pageId="7" value="93-03-14">140393</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E54C732AFF67F9B3FB52F910" blockId="8.[151,1436,1576,1690]" pageId="8">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFF67F9B3FED0F9B4" bold="true" box="[151,311,1576,1598]" pageId="8">FIGUREs 7–8.</emphasis>
Comparison
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFE31F9B3FDD8F9B4" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1875" box="[449,575,1576,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diffinis" subSpecies="aethra">
of
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFE2DF9B1FDD8F9B4" box="[477,575,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8">H. aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFDB6F9B3FD72F9B4" bold="true" box="[582,661,1576,1598]" pageId="8">(Fig. 7)</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFD37F9B1FCCAF9B4" box="[711,813,1576,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFD37F9B1FD3EF9B5" box="[711,729,1578,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFD17F9B3FCCAF9B4" box="[743,813,1576,1598]" italics="true" pageId="8">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFCC4F9B3FC64F9B4" bold="true" box="[820,899,1576,1598]" pageId="8">(Fig. 8)</emphasis>
larvae from
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54C732AFBF7F9B3FBB0F9B4" box="[1031,1111,1576,1598]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="8">Ontario</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35E7670E54C732AFB92F9B3FB56F9B4" box="[1122,1201,1576,1598]" name="Canada" pageId="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFB4BF9B3FB3CF9B4" bold="true" box="[1211,1243,1576,1598]" pageId="8">7a.</emphasis>
ON: Ottawa Dist., Carp Hills,
<date id="FFF71020E54C732AFEFDF9D3FE9FF9D7" box="[269,376,1607,1629]" pageId="8" value="2016-06">June 2016</date>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFE52F9DCFDBFF9D7" box="[418,600,1607,1629]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lonicera">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFE52F9DCFDBFF9D7" box="[418,600,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8">Diervilla lonicera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFD96F9DCFD6FF9D7" bold="true" box="[614,648,1607,1629]" pageId="8">7b.</emphasis>
ON: Ottawa Dist.,
<date id="FFF71020E54C732AFCBFF9D3FC5EF9D7" box="[847,953,1607,1629]" pageId="8" value="1979-06">June 1979</date>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFC13F9D3FBB0F9D7" box="[995,1111,1607,1629]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lonicera">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFC13F9D3FBB0F9D7" box="[995,1111,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="8">D. lonicera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFB95F9DCFB64F9D7" bold="true" box="[1125,1155,1607,1629]" pageId="8">7c.</emphasis>
ON: Lanark Co., Almonte,
<date id="FFF71020E54C732AFF67F9FDFEE5F9F1" box="[151,258,1637,1659]" pageId="8" value="1989-06">June 1989</date>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFEDDF9FCFE46F9F1" box="[301,417,1637,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lonicera">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFEDDF9FCFE46F9F1" box="[301,417,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="8">D. lonicera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFE40F9FEFE36F9F1" bold="true" box="[432,465,1637,1659]" pageId="8">7d.</emphasis>
same data as (7a);
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFD6BF9FEFD53F9F1" bold="true" box="[667,692,1637,1659]" pageId="8">8a</emphasis>
. ON: Ottawa Dist., Bells Corners, Timm Dr.,
<date id="FFF71020E54C732AFB60F9FDFAF2F9F1" box="[1168,1301,1637,1659]" pageId="8" value="2011-08">August 2011</date>
, ex
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFAB0F9FCFF00F910" italics="true" pageId="8">Lonicera tatarica</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFF04F91FFEF2F910" bold="true" box="[244,277,1668,1690]" pageId="8">8b.</emphasis>
ON: Lanark Co., Christie Lake,
<date id="FFF71020E54C732AFD92F91EFD2BF910" box="[610,716,1668,1690]" pageId="8" value="2015-06">June 2015</date>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFD04F91FFC2AF910" box="[756,973,1668,1690]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Symphoricarpos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFD04F91FFC2AF910" box="[756,973,1668,1690]" italics="true" pageId="8">Symphoricarpos alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFC2BF91FFC1EF910" bold="true" box="[987,1017,1668,1690]" pageId="8">8c.</emphasis>
same data as (8a).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353656BE54C732BFF37F95AFE70FCD6" lastPageId="9" pageId="8" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E54C732BFF37F95AFB12FF7D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1729,2006]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="9" pageId="8">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFF37F95AFEC0F950" bold="true" box="[199,295,1729,1754]" pageId="8">Biology.</emphasis>
TO dATE, THE ONlY KNOWN lARVAl HOST PlANT
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFCFFF95AFC7BF950" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1875" box="[783,924,1729,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diffinis" subSpecies="aethra">
Of
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFCDFF958FCA4F950" box="[815,835,1731,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFCA3F95AFC7BF950" box="[851,924,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IS
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFC30F95AFB6CF950" box="[960,1163,1729,1754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lonicera">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFC30F95AFB6CF950" box="[960,1163,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8">Diervilla lonicera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, bASEd ON fOUR SEPARATE lARVAl COllECTIONS IN EASTERN ONTARIO. THE gEOgRAPHIC dISTRIbUTION
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFC78F97EFBF1F974" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1875" box="[904,1046,1765,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diffinis" subSpecies="aethra">
Of
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFC58F97CFC5BF974" box="[936,956,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFC3DF97EFBF1F974" box="[973,1046,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IS ENTIRElY WITHIN THE RANgE Of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFA71F97CFF13F8A8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lonicera">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFA71F97CFA72F974" box="[1409,1429,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFF67F892FF13F8A8" box="[151,244,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="8">lonicera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13722A65E54C732AFEF4F891FEBEF8A8" box="[260,345,1802,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="10.[151,250,895,917]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,873]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[340,1247,193,873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of the minimum range of H. aethra (red) and the distribution of its larval host plant, Diervilla lonicera (blue). Range of H. aethra is based on minimum shape incorporating examined specimens (Fig. 8), with unverified or potentialrecordsindicated by questionsmarks.Range of D. lonciera is basedon information inKartesZ (2015) and Canadensys Explorer (http://data2.canadensys.net)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1206448/files/figure.png" pageId="8">FIg. 10</figureCitation>
). CONVERSElY,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFE0BF890FD8FF8A8" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[507,616,1801,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFE0BF890FDE8F8A8" box="[507,527,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="8">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFDEFF892FD8FF8A8" box="[543,616,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="8">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IS AbSENT fROm mORE XERIC HAbITATS WHERE
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFBB6F892FB4CF8A8" authorityName="P. Miller" authorityYear="1754" box="[1094,1195,1801,1826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFBB6F892FB4CF8A8" box="[1094,1195,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="8">Diervilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IS RARE OR AbSENT, bUT
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFF67F8B6FEA8F8CC" authorityName="H.L. Duhamel du Monceau" authorityYear="1755" box="[151,335,1837,1862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Symphoricarpos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFF67F8B6FEA8F8CC" box="[151,335,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="8">Symphoricarpos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IS COmmON. NATIVE
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFDB2F8B4FD40F8CC" box="[578,679,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="8">Lonicera</emphasis>
SPECIES ARE mUCH lESS COmmON THAN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFB94F8B6FB2EF8CC" authorityName="P. Miller" authorityYear="1754" box="[1124,1225,1837,1862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFB94F8B6FB2EF8CC" box="[1124,1225,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="8">Diervilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AT SITES WHERE
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFA71F8B4FF07F8E0" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFA71F8B4FA72F8CC" box="[1409,1429,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="8">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFF67F8CAFF07F8E0" box="[151,224,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
OCCURS, bUT THIS gENUS mAY AlSO SERVE AS A lARVAl HOST, AS IT dOES fOR
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFC1FF8C8FB86F8E0" box="[1007,1121,1873,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFC1FF8C8FBE4F8E0" box="[1007,1027,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFBE3F8CAFB86F8E0" box="[1043,1121,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. BY COmPARISON,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFADBF8C8FA7BF8E0" box="[1323,1436,1873,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFADBF8C8FAD8F8E0" box="[1323,1343,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFABEF8CAFA7BF8E0" box="[1358,1436,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lARVAE IN ONTARIO ARE mOST COmmONlY fOUNd ON
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFD4CF8EDFCF0F804" box="[700,791,1909,1934]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Symphoricarpos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFD4CF8EDFCF0F804" box="[700,791,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8">S. albus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, THE ONlY NATIVE SPECIES Of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFBA4F8EEFAECF804" authorityName="H.L. Duhamel du Monceau" authorityYear="1755" box="[1108,1291,1909,1934]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Symphoricarpos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFBA4F8EEFAECF804" box="[1108,1291,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8">Symphoricarpos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IN THE STUdY AREA. AN EARlY INSTAR
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFE7AF800FE0CF838" box="[394,491,1947,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFE7AF800FE0CF838" box="[394,491,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="8">Hemaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SUSPECTEd TO bE
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFD5DF800FCC7F838" box="[685,800,1945,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFD5DF800FD26F838" box="[685,705,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="8">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFD22F802FCC7F838" box="[722,800,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="8">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
WAS AlSO fOUNd ON
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFBF5F800FB8CF838" box="[1029,1131,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="8">L. dioica</emphasis>
(THE lARVA dIEd IN THE fIRST INSTAR). IN SOmEWHAT WEEdY HAbITATS SUCH AS Old fIEldS, PARTICUlARlY IN dRY, ROCKY SITUATIONS, lARVAE Of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54C732AFB0FF826FAAAF85C" box="[1279,1357,1981,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54C732AFB0FF826FAAAF85C" box="[1279,1357,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="8">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CAN bE RElATIVElY COmmON ON THE INTROdUCEd INVASIVE
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFD6EFF02FCF2FF3A" box="[670,789,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="9">L. tatarica</emphasis>
L. BOTH
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFC87FF02FC3BFF3A" box="[887,988,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="9">Lonicera</emphasis>
ANd
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFBE2FF0CFB2DFF3A" authorityName="H.L. Duhamel du Monceau" authorityYear="1755" box="[1042,1226,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Symphoricarpos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFBE2FF0CFB2DFF3A" box="[1042,1226,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9">Symphoricarpos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ARE COmmON HOSTS Of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFF47FF26FECEFF5F" box="[183,297,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFF47FF26FECEFF5F" box="[183,297,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="9">H. diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IN OTHER PARTS Of THE EASTERN RANgE (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B11E54D732BFD33FF27FCAAFF5E" box="[707,845,188,213]" pageId="9" refId="ref8768" refString="Tuttle, J. P. (2007) The Hawk Moths of North America. A natural history study of the Sphingidae of the United States and Canada. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 253 pp." type="book">TUTTlE 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B11E54D732BFCABFF27FC11FF5F" box="[859,1014,188,213]" pageId="9" refId="ref8813" refString="Wagner, D. L. (2005) Caterpillars of eastern North America: a guide to identification and natural history. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 512 pp." type="book">WAgNER 2005</bibRefCitation>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B11E54D732BFBFCFF27FB4EFF5E" box="[1036,1193,188,212]" pageId="9" refId="ref8699" refString="Smyth, E. A. (1900) Identity of Hemaris tenuis and Hemaris diffinis. Entomolgist's News, 11, 584 - 589." type="journal article">SmYTH (1900)</bibRefCitation>
AlSO gIVES
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFADCFF26FEFDFF72" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Triosteum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perfoliatum">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFADCFF26FEFDFF72" italics="true" pageId="9">Triosteum perfoliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AdUlT
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFE97FF7AFE35FF72" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[359,466,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFE97FF7AFE9CFF72" box="[359,379,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFE79FF44FE35FF72" box="[393,466,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
HAVE bEEN ObSERVEd AT flOWERS Of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFCA2FF7AFBDDFF72" authority=", Chichory" authorityName="Chichory" box="[850,1082,223,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFCA2FF7AFC20FF72" box="[850,967,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9">Vaccinium</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFC24FF44FBDDFF72" box="[980,1082,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9">Chichory</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ANd
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFB88FF7AFB08FF72" box="[1144,1263,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9">L. tatarica</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E54D732BFF37FE9FFB37FE7E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="9">
HAlf Of THE 16 lARVAE COllECTEd IN lATE JUNE PROdUCEd AdUlTS A mONTH lATER IN lATE JUlY, WHEREAS THE REmAINdER ENTEREd PUPAl dIAPAUSE. IN CONTRAST,
<materialsCitation id="3B213CBDE54D732BFDC5FEB3FA67FECA" box="[565,1408,295,320]" collectionCode="NONE" location="Of" municipality="Of" pageId="9" specimenCode="THE 20" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFDC5FEB3FD8CFECA" box="[565,619,296,320]" pageId="9">NONE</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92AC9AE54D732BFD84FEBCFD6CFECA" box="[628,651,295,320]" pageId="9">Of</collectingMunicipality>
<specimenCode id="DBEF9E9BE54D732BFD64FEB3FD3BFECA" box="[660,732,296,320]" collectionCode="THE" pageId="9">THE 20</specimenCode>
+ SPRINg bROOd lARVAE
<location id="8E96603BE54D732BFC2BFEBCFC15FECA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087F6E540732BFF67F816FCBDFB4E:8E96603BE54D732BFC2BFEBCFC15FECA" box="[987,1010,295,320]" municipality="Of" name="Of" pageId="9">Of</location>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFC0BFEB2FB8AFECA" box="[1019,1133,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFC0BFEB2FBE8FECA" box="[1019,1039,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="9">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFBEFFEBCFB8AFECA" box="[1055,1133,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ENTEREd PUPAl dIAPAUSE
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B213CBDE54D732BFA7BFEB3FB10FEEE" collectionCode="IT, APPEARS, THAT, THE, EASTERN, ONTARIO" location="EASTERN ONTARIO" pageId="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="EASTERN ONTARIO">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFA7BFEB3FA7BFEB5" box="[1419,1436,296,319]" pageId="9">IT</collectionCode>
THEREfORE
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFEF3FED7FE54FEEE" box="[259,435,332,356]" pageId="9">APPEARS THAT THE</collectionCode>
SECONd, SUmmER gENERATION
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFD06FED7FC67FEEF" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1875" box="[758,896,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diffinis" subSpecies="aethra">
Of
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFCE4FED6FCCFFEEE" box="[788,808,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFCC7FED7FC67FEEF" box="[823,896,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="9">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IS ONlY PARTIAl IN
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFBB6FED7FB10FEEE" box="[1094,1271,332,356]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="9">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFBB6FED7FB10FEEE" box="[1094,1271,332,356]" pageId="9">
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFBB6FED7FB72FEEE" box="[1094,1173,332,356]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="9">EASTERN</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFB6DFED7FB10FEEE" box="[1181,1271,332,356]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="9">ONTARIO</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B213CBDE54D732BFAF1FED6FB0EFE27" collectionCode="THE, NORTHERN, ONTARIO, THAT, NORTH, ARE, JUNE, TWO, WEEKS, INTO" location="All" pageId="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="ONTARIO">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFAF1FED6FACAFEEE" box="[1281,1325,333,356]" pageId="9">THE</collectionCode>
gENERAllY lATER SPRINg flIgHT dATES fROm
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFE2EFEEBFDDAFE02" box="[478,573,368,392]" pageId="9">NORTHERN</collectionCode>
ANd CENTRAl
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFD37FEEBFCFAFE02" box="[711,797,368,392]" pageId="9">
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFD37FEEBFCFAFE02" box="[711,797,368,392]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="9">ONTARIO</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
INdICATE
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFC73FEEBFC4AFE02" box="[899,941,368,392]" pageId="9">THAT</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFC44FEEAFBF8FE02" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[948,1055,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFC44FEEAFC2FFE02" box="[948,968,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="9">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFC26FEF4FBF8FE02" box="[982,1055,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="9">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IS UNIVOlTINE fURTHER
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFAFCFEEBFAAAFE02" box="[1292,1357,368,392]" pageId="9">NORTH</collectionCode>
: NEARlY
<location id="8E96603BE54D732BFF67FE0FFF54FE27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087F6E540732BFF67F816FCBDFB4E:8E96603BE54D732BFF67FE0FFF54FE27" box="[151,179,404,429]" name="All" pageId="9" stateProvince="ONTARIO">All</location>
RECORdS
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFEE3FE0FFED2FE26" box="[275,309,404,428]" pageId="9">ARE</collectionCode>
fROm
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFE88FE0EFE48FE26" box="[376,431,405,428]" pageId="9">JUNE</collectionCode>
, PEAKINg IN
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFDC5FE0EFDB0FE26" box="[565,599,405,428]" pageId="9">THE</collectionCode>
lAST
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFD7BFE0FFCE1FE26" box="[651,774,404,428]" pageId="9">TWO WEEKS</collectionCode>
, ANd A fEW RECORdS EXTENdINg
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFBA1FE0FFB9AFE26" box="[1105,1149,404,428]" pageId="9">INTO</collectionCode>
mId-JUlY
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B213CBDE54D732BFB02FE0EFF16FE5A" collectionCode="SOUTHEASTERN, ONTARIO" location="ONTARIO" pageId="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="ONTARIO">
IN
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFAE0FE0FFF16FE5A" pageId="9">
SOUTHEASTERN
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFF67FE23FF16FE5A" box="[151,241,440,464]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="9">ONTARIO</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
, THERE IS AN EARlIER SPRINg flIgHT ANd ANOTHER flIgHT IN SUmmER, WITH EXTREmE flIgHT dATES fROm EARlY MAY TO EARlY AUgUST; mOST RECORdS ARE fROm EARlY TO lATE JUNE, ANd AgAIN fROm mId-JUlY TO EARlY AUgUST.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E54D732BFF37FE64FE70FCD6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="9">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFF37FE64FE1BFD92" bold="true" box="[199,508,511,536]" pageId="9">Habitat and Distribution.</emphasis>
COmPAREd TO THE gENERAllY mORE XERIC SAVANNAH-lIKE HAbITATS SUCH AS Old fIEldS, AlVARS ANd bARRENS INHAbITEd bY
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFE0CFDBEFD8BFDB7" box="[508,620,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFE0CFDBEFDF7FDB6" box="[508,528,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFDEEFDBFFD8BFDB7" box="[542,620,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="9">diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFD8AFDBEFD02FDB7" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[634,741,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFD8AFDBEFD69FDB6" box="[634,654,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFD6CFDBFFD02FDB7" box="[668,741,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="9">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fAVORS mORE mESIC, OPEN dECIdUOUS fOREST HAbITATS, ESPECIAllY WITH NATURAl OPENINgS ON IgNEOUS bEdROCK. THIS mAY bE INdICATIVE Of HOST PlANT REqUIREmENTS AS IT PARAllElS THE dISTRIbUTION Of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFECDFDF7FDE1FD0F" box="[317,518,620,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lonicera">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFECDFDF7FDE1FD0F" box="[317,518,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="9">Diervilla lonicera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13722A65E54D732BFDE5FDF7FD8EFD0E" box="[533,617,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="10.[151,250,895,917]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,873]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[340,1247,193,873]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of the minimum range of H. aethra (red) and the distribution of its larval host plant, Diervilla lonicera (blue). Range of H. aethra is based on minimum shape incorporating examined specimens (Fig. 8), with unverified or potentialrecordsindicated by questionsmarks.Range of D. lonciera is basedon information inKartesZ (2015) and Canadensys Explorer (http://data2.canadensys.net)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1206448/files/figure.png" pageId="9">FIg. 10</figureCitation>
). IN ONTARIO
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFD08FDF6FC84FD0F" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[760,867,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFD08FDF6FCEBFD0E" box="[760,780,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="9">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFCEAFDF7FC84FD0F" box="[794,867,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="9">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
IS NOT KNOWN fROm SOUTH Of THE CANAdIAN SHIEld, A REgION UNdERlAIN bY IgNEOUS bEdROCK WITH
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFD80FD0AFD08FD22" box="[624,751,655,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lonicera">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFD80FD0AFD08FD22" box="[624,751,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9">D. lonicera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lOCAllY AbUNdANT; SImIlARlY,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFBDDFD14FB75FD22" authorityName="P. Miller" authorityYear="1754" box="[1069,1170,655,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFBDDFD14FB75FD22" box="[1069,1170,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9">Diervilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CAN bE A dOmINANT SUb- SHRUb IN PARTS Of THE MARITImE PROVINCES (R. WEbSTER, PERS. COmm.).
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFC67FD2FFB86FD47" box="[919,1121,692,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Diervilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lonicera">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFC67FD2FFB86FD47" box="[919,1121,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="9">Diervilla lonicera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
RANgES SOUTHWARd AlONg THE APPAlACHIAN mOUNTAIN CHAIN, bUT THERE IS CURRENTlY NO EVIdENCE THAT
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFC55FD42FBF5FD7A" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[933,1042,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFC55FD42FC5EFD7A" box="[933,953,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="9">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFC39FD4CFBF5FD7A" box="[969,1042,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dOES SO (
<figureCitation id="13722A65E54D732BFB70FD43FB21FD7A" box="[1152,1222,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,2004,2026]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,1276,1983]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,1276,1983]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of examined specimens of H.aethra. Associated specimen data is provided in Appendix 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1206446/files/figure.png" pageId="9">FIg. 9</figureCitation>
). AlTHOUgH HAbITAT PREfERENCES bETWEEN
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFE61FD66FDE4FC9F" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Strecker" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[401,515,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFE61FD66FDE4FC9F" box="[401,515,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="9">H. aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
VERSUS
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFD96FD66FD3AFC9F" box="[614,733,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diffinis">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFD96FD66FD3AFC9F" box="[614,733,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="9">H. diffinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
EXIST, THE TWO CAN OCCUR IN STRICT SYmPATRY WHERE HAbITAT CONdITIONS PERmIT; fOR EXAmPlE, THE CHRISTINA BAY SITE ON MANITOUlIN ISlANd ANd NEAR PAKENHAm, LANARK COUNTY, ONTARIO (APPENdIX A).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353656BE54D732BFF37FCF3FCBDFB4E" pageId="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF636E0E54D732BFF37FCF3FCBDFB4E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="9">
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SPECImENS
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFEBCFCFCFE07FC0A" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1875" box="[332,480,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diffinis" subSpecies="aethra">
Of
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFE9FFCF2FE64FC0A" box="[367,387,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="9">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFE67FCFCFE07FC0A" box="[407,480,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9">aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFE1CFCF3FDC5FCF5" box="[492,546,872,895]" pageId="9">WERE</collectionCode>
EXAmINEd fROm
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFD1AFCFCFCBEFC0A" box="[746,857,871,896]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="9">MANITObA</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFC98FCF3FC25FC0A" box="[872,962,872,896]" pageId="9">
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFC98FCF3FC25FC0A" box="[872,962,872,896]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="9">ONTARIO</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
,
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFC20FCFCFBCEFC0A" box="[976,1065,871,896]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="9">QUébEC</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
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<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFBC9FCF3FB10FC0A" box="[1081,1271,872,896]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="9">
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFAF6FCF3FA7EFC0A" box="[1286,1433,872,896]" pageId="9">NOVA SCOTIA</collectionCode>
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,
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ANd
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<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFECDFC16FE95FC2E" box="[317,370,909,932]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="9">NEW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFE8CFC17FE54FC2E" box="[380,435,908,932]" pageId="9">YORK</collectionCode>
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(
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), ANd
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lIKElY
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFCD4FC17FC85FC2E" box="[804,866,908,932]" pageId="9">OCCUR</collectionCode>
THROUgHOUT
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFC01FC16FAE8FC2E" box="[1009,1295,908,932]" pageId="9">THE NORTHERN GREAT LAKES</collectionCode>
REgION
</materialsCitation>
.
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<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFA81FC16FA7AFC2E" box="[1393,1437,909,932]" pageId="9">THE</collectionCode>
ONlY CONfIRmEd RECORdS fOR
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<collectingCountry id="F35E7670E54D732BFDF4FC34FD7AFC42" box="[516,669,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="9">UNITEd STATES</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFD57FC2BFD2EFC42" box="[679,713,944,968]" pageId="9">ARE</collectionCode>
fOR
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFD0EFC2BFCBAFC42" box="[766,861,944,968]" pageId="9">NORTHERN</collectionCode>
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFC97FC2BFC3AFC42" box="[871,989,944,968]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="9">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFC97FC2BFC7BFC4D" box="[871,924,944,967]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="9">NEW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFC56FC2BFC3AFC42" box="[934,989,944,968]" pageId="9">YORK</collectionCode>
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(FRANKlIN CO.) ANd
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFB37FC2BFAC1FC42" box="[1223,1318,944,968]" pageId="9">NORTHERN</collectionCode>
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFAC1FC2BFA7BFC42" box="[1329,1436,944,968]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="9">MICHIgAN</collectingRegion>
(CHEbOYgAN CO.); HOWEVER, PHOTOgRAPHS
<location id="8E96603BE54D732BFD76FC4FFD7AFC67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087F6E540732BFF67F816FCBDFB4E:8E96603BE54D732BFD76FC4FFD7AFC67" box="[646,669,980,1005]" country="United States of America" name="Of" pageId="9" stateProvince="NEW YORK">Of</location>
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFD5DFC4FFD04FC66" box="[685,739,980,1004]" pageId="9">WHAT</collectionCode>
IS PRObAblY
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFC77FC4FFBE8FC66" box="[903,1039,980,1004]" pageId="9">THIS SPECIES</collectionCode>
INClUdE ONE fROm
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFB0DFC4FFA7EFC66" box="[1277,1433,980,1004]" pageId="9">LAKE COUNTY</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFF67FC63FEEAFB9A" box="[151,269,1016,1040]" pageId="9">
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFF67FC63FEEAFB9A" box="[151,269,1016,1040]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="9">MINNESOTA</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFEEBFC6CFEBCFB9A" box="[283,347,1015,1040]" pageId="9">HTTPS</collectionCode>
://WWW.INATURAlIST.ORg/ObSERVATIONS/7011536) ANd
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFC7AFC63FC39FB9A" box="[906,990,1016,1040]" pageId="9">ANOTHER</collectionCode>
ON
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFBFBFC63FBCAFB85" box="[1035,1069,1016,1039]" pageId="9">THE</collectionCode>
QUébEC/
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFB62FC6CFAACFB9A" box="[1170,1355,1015,1040]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="9">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFB62FC6CFB2FFB9A" box="[1170,1224,1015,1040]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="9">NEW</collectionCode>
HAmPSHIRE
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bORdER (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFF6CFB87FF3AFBBF" box="[156,221,1052,1077]" pageId="9">HTTPS</collectionCode>
://WWW.INATURAlIST.ORg/ObSERVATIONS/7051935)
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.
<materialsCitation id="3B213CBDE54D732BFD19FB86FA7EFBBE" box="[745,1433,1052,1077]" collectionCode="IT, NORTHERN, MINNESOTA" country="United States of America" location="MINNESOTA" pageId="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="MINNESOTA">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFD19FB86FD1DFBBE" box="[745,762,1053,1076]" pageId="9">IT</collectionCode>
AlmOST CERTAINlY OCCURS THROUgHOUT
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NORTHERN
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</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
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<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFF67FBDBFEF7FBD2" box="[151,272,1088,1112]" pageId="9">
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFF67FBDBFEF7FBD2" box="[151,272,1088,1112]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="9">WISCONSIN</collectingRegion>
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,
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFED3FBDBFE75FBD2" box="[291,402,1088,1112]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="9">MICHIgAN</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFE56FBDBFDEDFBD2" box="[422,522,1088,1112]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="9">VERmONT</collectingRegion>
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,
<materialsCitation id="3B213CBDE54D732BFDEEFBDBFBECFBF6" collectionCode="MAINE, INTO, THE, NORTHERN, CITE" country="United States of America" location="Of" pageId="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="MAINE">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFDEEFBDBFD82FBD2" box="[542,613,1088,1112]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14558" name="University of Maine" pageId="9">
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFDEEFBDBFD82FBD2" box="[542,613,1088,1112]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="9">MAINE</collectingRegion>
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ANd PERHAPS SOUTHWARd
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFC6BFBDBFB8FFBD2" box="[923,1128,1088,1112]" pageId="9">INTO THE NORTHERN</collectionCode>
APPAlACHIANS. BARNES &amp; MCDUNNOUgH (1910)
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFE7DFBFFFE52FBF6" box="[397,437,1124,1148]" pageId="9">CITE</collectionCode>
SPECImENS
<location id="8E96603BE54D732BFDCAFBFFFDB6FBF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087F6E540732BFF67F816FCBDFB4E:8E96603BE54D732BFDCAFBFFFDB6FBF7" box="[570,593,1124,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Of" pageId="9" stateProvince="MAINE">Of</location>
“
<taxonomicName id="4C494D63E54D732BFD95FBFEFC8BFBF7" authorityName="Strecker" authorityYear="1875" box="[613,876,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hemaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="diffinis" subSpecies="aethra" variety="aethra">
<emphasis id="B93DEAF2E54D732BFD95FBFEFC8BFBF7" box="[613,876,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9">Hemaris diffinis aethra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” fROm
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFC4FFBFFFBECFBF6" box="[959,1035,1124,1148]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14558" name="University of Maine" pageId="9">
<collectingRegion id="498DF802E54D732BFC4FFBFFFBECFBF6" box="[959,1035,1124,1148]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="9">MAINE</collectingRegion>
</collectionCode>
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. DUE TO THE dIffICUlTY IN IdENTIfYINg AdUlTS fROm PHOTOgRAPHS, PARTICUlARlY lIVE INdIVIdUAlS,
<materialsCitation id="3B213CBDE54D732BFCFEFB12FCBDFB4E" collectionCode="NEW, OCCURRENCES, OR" country="United States of America" location="Of" pageId="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="MAINE">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFCFEFB12FCDAFB2A" box="[782,829,1161,1184]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="9">NEW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFCB7FB13FC2AFB2A" box="[839,973,1160,1184]" pageId="9">OCCURRENCES</collectionCode>
(ESPECIAllY RANgE EXTENSIONS) SHOUld bE VERIfIEd bY PHOTOgRAPHS
<location id="8E96603BE54D732BFE59FB37FE27FB4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087F6E540732BFF67F816FCBDFB4E:8E96603BE54D732BFE59FB37FE27FB4F" box="[425,448,1196,1221]" country="United States of America" name="Of" pageId="9" stateProvince="MAINE">Of</location>
lARVAE ANd/
<collectionCode id="ED58AE25E54D732BFDCFFB37FDBDFB4F" box="[575,602,1196,1221]" pageId="9">OR</collectionCode>
VOUCHEREd SPECImENS.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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