treatments-xml/data/03/A0/41/03A041744A52FFB0FF15FC30FCC068A0.xml

<document id="8FBC960E59EAB4DA3FFFDF0987B75B2D" ID-CLB-Dataset="278733" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.626.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="384d13a8-c34b-4381-a405-cfb9ec724157" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10184615" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1700645534864" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chen, Feng, Xiong, Chi, Zheng, Chang-Bing, Jin, Xiao-Hua &amp; He, Hai" docDate="2023" docId="03A041744A52FFB0FF15FC30FCC068A0" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.626.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 626 (2)" docSource="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.626.2.5/51301" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.11:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="11" docTitle="Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="FF99390C4A53FFB4FF9DFFC4FFCA6E7E" masterDocTitle="Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroidee, Neottieae), a new mycoheterotrophic orchid from Northeast Chongqing, China" masterLastPageNumber="125" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1732478447794" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="784F08DB0CBE3A4FD81DDF2D2F6A23E6">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroidee, Neottieae), a new mycoheterotrophic orchid from Northeast Chongqing, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E68F102CEF80F743F28E3E05D23ACE5B">Chen, Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2F1D4F8ED6F62F779B8C037806A94262">Chongqing Museum of Natural History, Beibei, Chongqing 400799, China. &amp; fengchen 408 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3398 - 8900</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4D1423E5C513E0A14C38ECDD9B01EDC5">Xiong, Chi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E9C2E62AF2B8BA888FB597FD25DB5933">Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China. &amp; guilinxiongchi @ 126. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9082 - 2539</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="52C1D72C07FE6EA83E214460F0E1F23C">Zheng, Chang-Bing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E2D6DB76ECEC95C75A469A5DBB9D1C12">Chongqing Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve Management Service Center, Wuxi, Chongqing 405800, China. &amp; 552151709 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2044 - 5096</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F7A3F79458FAD0BFEDFE2781F106F4C2">Jin, Xiao-Hua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7B80F8F2D633AC519880B243D96E57A0">State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China. &amp; xiaohuajin @ ibcas. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9987 - 5602</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5CC2C97295134B113183501C72FD0133">He, Hai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D91106A28CFB540A46CB1F2FB93993A3">hehai @ cqnu. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5362 - 9177</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03A041744A52FFB0FF15FC30FCC068A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10248398" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217827984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10248398" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A041744A52FFB0FF15FC30FCC068A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A041744A52FFB0FF15FC30FCC068A0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" scope_family="Orchidaceae">
<subSubSection id="C313A3E94A52FFB5FF15FC30FBF86A70" box="[136,1074,1012,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A52FFB5FF15FC30FBF86A70" blockId="1.[136,1452,1012,1326]" box="[136,1074,1012,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">
<heading id="D0FE470E4A52FFB5FF15FC30FBF86A70" box="[136,1074,1012,1039]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FF15FC30FCF96A70" ID-CoL="CD27W" authority="F.Chen, C.Xiong &amp; X.H.Jin" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,819,1012,1039]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FF15FC30FE386A71" bold="true" box="[136,498,1012,1039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
F.Chen, C.Xiong &amp; X.H.Jin
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FCA2FC31FC5E6A70" box="[831,916,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E910B4A52FFB5FCA2FC31FC5E6A70" box="[831,916,1013,1038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1332ECE74A52FFB5FC3FFC30FC3A6A70" box="[930,1008,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1868,1890]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,458,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[151,1436,458,1840]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis. A) Habitat; B) Habit; C) front view of a flower; D) anatomy of a flower; E) side view of lip and column; F) dorsal view of colume; G) side view of column; H) ventral view of column. A, B and C photographed by Feng Chen, others photographed by Chi Xiong." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10184617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10184617/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="1332ECE74A52FFB5FB8EFC30FBEE6A70" box="[1043,1060,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,190,2003]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[152,1436,190,2003]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis (CQNM 0025462), photographed by Long Wang." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10184619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10184619/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">2</figureCitation>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C313A3E94A52FFB5FF15FBDFFE956ABF" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A52FFB5FF15FBDFFE956ABF" blockId="1.[136,1452,1012,1326]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FF15FBDFFF396A4F" bold="true" box="[136,243,1051,1073]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FE96FBD8FDF06A4F" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[267,570,1052,1073]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FE96FBD8FDF06A4F" box="[267,570,1052,1073]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FD3AFBD8FC1C6A4C" authority="Seidenf." authorityName="Seidenf." box="[679,982,1052,1074]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FD3AFBD8FCB46A4F" box="[679,894,1052,1073]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Cephalanthera exigua</emphasis>
Seidenf.
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in the mycoheterotrophic habit, but differs from it by having conical spur at the base of the lip, flabellate middle lobe with five to seven lamellae and acuminate apex (
<tableCitation id="C68BC5D94A52FFB5FACEFB84FA566A2B" box="[1363,1436,1088,1110]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetBox="[144,1426,304,788]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis, C.exigua, and C. subaphylla. Owing to the unavailable physical material, characters of C.exigua were referred to Seidenfaden (1975), Pedersen et al. (2009), and Nuraliev et al. (2014), and those of C. subaphylla were referring to Miyabe &amp; Kudô (1932), Hayakawa et al. (2016), and Shin et al. (2019)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF76A0EA4A57FFB0FF15FF5BFE806F5D" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" tableUuid="DF76A0EA4A57FFB0FF15FF5BFE806F5D">Table 1</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FF20FBA0FE216A07" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[189,491,1124,1145]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FF20FBA0FE216A07" box="[189,491,1124,1145]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also close to 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FD1EFBA0FC616A04" authority="Miyabe &amp; Kudo" authorityName="Miyabe &amp; Kudo" authorityYear="1932" box="[643,939,1124,1146]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subaphylla">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FD1EFBA0FCC26A07" box="[643,776,1124,1145]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">C. subaphylla</emphasis>
Miyabe &amp; Kudô
</taxonomicName>
by sharing flower with spur at the base of the lip, but differs from it by having its mycoheterotrophic with wholly achlorophyllous leaves, flabellate middle lobe, sepals and petals obtuse at apex(
<tableCitation id="C68BC5D94A52FFB5FE95FB68FE9A6ABF" box="[264,336,1196,1218]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetBox="[144,1426,304,788]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis, C.exigua, and C. subaphylla. Owing to the unavailable physical material, characters of C.exigua were referred to Seidenfaden (1975), Pedersen et al. (2009), and Nuraliev et al. (2014), and those of C. subaphylla were referring to Miyabe &amp; Kudô (1932), Hayakawa et al. (2016), and Shin et al. (2019)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF76A0EA4A57FFB0FF15FF5BFE806F5D" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" tableUuid="DF76A0EA4A57FFB0FF15FF5BFE806F5D">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313A3E94A52FFB5FF15FB14FE6C6B53" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A52FFB5FF15FB14FE6C6B53" blockId="1.[136,1452,1012,1326]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FF15FB14FF086A9B" bold="true" box="[136,194,1232,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Type:</emphasis>
— 
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<collectingCountry id="F31EB0F24A52FFB5FF46FB14FEE36A9B" box="[219,297,1232,1253]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">CHINA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49CD3E804A52FFB5FEACFB14FE556A98" box="[305,415,1232,1254]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="62D788EE4A52FFB5FE3AFB14FDE36A9B" box="[423,553,1232,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Wuxi County</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD26A184A52FFB5FDADFB14FC456A9B" box="[560,911,1232,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D96A54A52FFB5FB95FB0AFB4C6A9B" box="[1032,1158,1230,1253]" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" precision="15" seconds="29" value="109.90806">109°54′29″E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D96A54A52FFB5FB13FB0AFAC96A9B" box="[1166,1283,1230,1253]" degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" precision="15" seconds="44" value="31.47889">31°28′44″N</geoCoordinate>
, elev. ca. 
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<elevation id="002417514A52FFB5FAC3FB14FA626A9B" box="[1374,1448,1232,1254]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="1660.0">1660 m</elevation>
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, under moist broadleaf forest, in flowering, 
<date id="FFB7D6A24A52FFB5FDFDFB30FD126B77" box="[608,728,1268,1289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" value="2022-05-07">
<collectingDate id="EFF32F4A4A52FFB5FDFDFB30FD126B77" box="[608,728,1268,1289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" value="2022-05-07">7 May 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FD7FFB30FBFF6B77" box="[738,1077,1268,1289]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">
<collectorName id="26FC95B44A52FFB5FD7FFB30FC846B77" box="[738,846,1268,1289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Feng Chen</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26FC95B44A52FFB5FCF3FB30FC096B77" box="[878,963,1268,1289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Su Wang</collectorName>
YTL22-314
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54B24EC04A52FFB5FBDFFB30FB576B74" box="[1090,1181,1268,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DBAF58194A52FFB5FB39FB30FA856B74" box="[1188,1359,1268,1290]" collectionCode="CQNM" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12812" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12812" name="Chongqing Natural History Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" type="Herbarium">CQNM 0025462</specimenCode>
!;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B61FA3F4A52FFB5FAC0FB30FE686B53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4441411301" collectingDate="2022-05-07" collectionCode="PE" collectorName="Feng Chen &amp; Su Wang" country="China" county="Wuxi County" elevation="1660" latitude="31.47889" location="Sheliangzi" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="109.90806" municipality="Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" specimenCode="CQNM 0025462, CQNM 0025463" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Chongqing" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54B24EC04A52FFB5FAC0FB30FA666B74" box="[1373,1452,1268,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DBAF58194A52FFB5FF20FADCFEAC6B50" box="[189,358,1304,1326]" collectionCode="CQNM" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12812" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12812" name="Chongqing Natural History Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" type="Herbarium">CQNM 0025463</specimenCode>
!, 
<collectionCode id="ED1868A74A52FFB5FEEEFADCFE5D6B53" box="[371,407,1304,1325]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15858" name="Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" type="Herbarium">PE</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313A3E94A52FFB5FF15FA98FF176911" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A52FFB5FF15FA98FF176911" blockId="1.[136,1452,1372,2082]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FF15FA98FED66B08" bold="true" box="[136,284,1372,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Description:</emphasis>
—Mycoheterotrophic terrestrial herb, 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FD4FFA98FCFC6B09" box="[722,822,1372,1399]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="cm" value="14.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="8.0">8–20 cm</quantity>
tall. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FCEBFA98FC2A6B08" bold="true" box="[886,992,1372,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Rhizome</emphasis>
creeping, ca. 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FB1BFA98FB016B09" box="[1158,1227,1372,1399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in diameter. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FAFAFA98FA616B08" bold="true" box="[1383,1451,1372,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Roots</emphasis>
fasciculate, 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FE8DFA44FEAF6BE5" box="[272,357,1408,1435]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 cm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FE46FA44FDF06BE5" box="[475,570,1408,1435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with brown hairs. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FC38FA44FC286BE4" bold="true" box="[933,994,1408,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Stem</emphasis>
slender, more or less flexuous, whitish, glabrous, covered by 3–5 sheaths; distally 2–3 sheaths densely spaced and the distally others well spaced, 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FA86FA60FAA66BC1" box="[1307,1388,1444,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
long, tubular below, slightly spreading apex above, and the distally sheath with longer apex. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FBF3FA0CFAC66B9C" bold="true" box="[1134,1292,1480,1506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Inflorescence</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FA88FA0CFAA36B9D" box="[1301,1385,1480,1507]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 cm</quantity>
long, 3–5(–6)-flowered; lowest bract elliptic-lanceolate, 10–12 × 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FCB4FA28FC436879" box="[809,905,1516,1543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8 mm</quantity>
, veins 10–12; upper bracts triangular lanceolate, 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FF15F9D4FF226855" box="[136,232,1552,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
long, shorter than pedicel and ovary; pedicel and ovary not well differentiated, whitish, 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FB74F9D4FAA36855" box="[1257,1385,1552,1579]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="cm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.5 cm</quantity>
long, slightly ridged. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FEA3F9F0FE576830" bold="true" box="[318,413,1588,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Flowers</emphasis>
white, 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FE6BF9F0FD9C6831" box="[502,598,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
long, suberect, outwardly oblique at anthesis; dorsal sepal elliptic, obtuse at apex, 14–16 × 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FED0F99CFE67680D" box="[333,429,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
, 3-veined; lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate, falcate, obtuse at apex, 10–12 × 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FB64F99CFA93680D" box="[1273,1369,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
, 3(–4)- veined; petals obovate-lanceolate, slightly falcate, 13–14 × ca. 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FCDAF9B8FC4068E9" box="[839,906,1660,1687]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, 3(–4)-veined, apex broadly obtuse; lip suberect, 8–10 × ca. 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FE9EF964FE8C68C5" box="[259,326,1696,1723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
, three lobed; lateral lobes triangular-lanceolate, ca. 5 × 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FC32F964FBC268C5" box="[943,1032,1696,1723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
; middle lobe flabellate, ca. 8 × 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FAF9F964FA6D68C5" box="[1380,1447,1696,1723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
, three median fleshy-thickened and longitudinal lamellae with several lateral lamellae converged at apex; spur 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FAD2F900FA6668A1" box="[1359,1452,1732,1759]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
long, directedly protruding on the base of lateral sepals. Column semi-terete, slightly curved, ca. 8 × 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FB66F92CFA9F697D" box="[1275,1365,1768,1795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
; stigma circular on the top of the column; anther erect, ellipse, hinged with column by a short stalk; pollinia 2, each divided into 2 halves, ca. 
<quantity id="4CF15D874A52FFB5FEDAF8F4FE546935" box="[327,414,1840,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, white, naked, farinaceous; staminodes 2, ligulate, obtuse at apex; rostellum absent. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FADDF8F4FA616934" bold="true" box="[1344,1451,1840,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Capsules</emphasis>
unseen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313A3E94A52FFB6FF20F8BCFB896F36" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A52FFB6FF20F8BCFE386F5A" blockId="1.[136,1452,1372,2082]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,437]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FF20F8BCFE2469EC" bold="true" box="[189,494,1912,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Ecology and Distribution:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FD97F8BCFCAD69EC" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[522,871,1912,1938]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FD97F8BCFCAD69EC" box="[522,871,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in the moist broadleaf mixed forest dominated by 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FF31F858FE7A69C8" authority="Miq." authorityName="Miq." box="[172,432,1948,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxyodon">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FF31F858FEBB69C8" box="[172,369,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Quercus oxyodon</emphasis>
Miq.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FE22F858FDE769C8" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[447,557,1948,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FDDCF858FCE669C8" authority="Seem." authorityName="Seem." box="[577,812,1948,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engleriana">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FDDCF858FD1769C8" box="[577,733,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Q. engleriana</emphasis>
Seem.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FCA6F858FC6369C8" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[827,937,1948,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FC20F858FB7169C8" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[957,1211,1948,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myrsinifolia">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FC20F858FBA269C8" box="[957,1128,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Q. myrsinifolia</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FB56F858FAFD69C8" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1227,1335,1948,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FAEBF858FD7769A4" authority="(Pax) A. E. Murray" authorityName="A. E. Murray" baseAuthorityName="Pax" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="sterculiaceum" subSpecies="franchetii">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FAEBF858FEEE69A4" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Acer sterculiaceum</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FEE1F804FE2369A4" box="[380,489,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">franchetii</emphasis>
(Pax) A.E.Murray
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FD50F804FCAA69A4" box="[717,864,1984,2010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
). A vine, 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FC50F804FA6669A4" authority="(Franch.) Hemsl." authorityName="Hemsl." baseAuthorityName="Franch." box="[973,1452,1984,2010]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" genus="Sinofranchetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FC50F804FB2869A4" box="[973,1250,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Sinofranchetia chinensis</emphasis>
(Franch.) Hemsl.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FF0DF820FE866980" box="[144,332,2020,2046]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lardizabalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lardizabalaceae</taxonomicName>
), is obvious in this forest. And the identified herbaceous species among others around the vicinity include 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FF7CF7CCFDB6665C" authority="Oliv." authorityName="Oliv." box="[225,636,2056,2082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Chrysosplenium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophyllum">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FF7CF7CCFDF4665C" box="[225,574,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Chrysosplenium macrophyllum</emphasis>
Oliv.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FD17F7CCFCE7665C" box="[650,813,2056,2082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Saxifragaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FCA2F7CCFB74665C" authority="Edgew. &amp; Hook. f." authorityName="Edgew. &amp; Hook. f." box="[831,1214,2056,2082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="griffithii">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB5FCA2F7CCFC26665C" box="[831,1004,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Oxalis griffithii</emphasis>
Edgew. &amp; Hook.f.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB5FB51F7CCFA97665C" box="[1228,1373,2056,2082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oxalidaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A52FFB6FAF2F7CDFE296EC7" authority="F. T. Wang &amp; Tang" authorityName="F. T. Wang &amp; Tang" class="Liliopsida" family="Melanthiaceae" genus="Paris" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="121" order="Liliales" pageId="1" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bashanensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A52FFB6FAF2F7CDFEDB6EC6" italics="true" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="1" pageNumber="120">Paris bashanensis</emphasis>
F.T.Wang &amp; Tang
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A51FFB6FE6EFF5AFD576EC6" box="[499,669,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Melanthiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melanthiaceae</taxonomicName>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A51FFB6FD7FFF5AFBC46EC6" authority="W. W. Sm." authorityName="W. W. Sm." box="[738,1038,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Primula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsiangii">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A51FFB6FD7FFF5AFC506EC6" box="[738,922,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Primula tsiangii</emphasis>
W.W.Sm.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A51FFB6FB80FF5AFB656EC6" box="[1053,1199,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Primulaceae</taxonomicName>
). A few individuals of another species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A51FFB6FEFCFF06FDC36EA2" authorityName="Richard" authorityYear="1817" box="[353,521,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A51FFB6FEFCFF06FDC36EA2" box="[353,521,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Cephalanthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the white flowered 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A51FFB6FD67FF07FBEF6EA2" authority="(Thunb.) Blume" authorityName="Blume" baseAuthorityName="Thunb." box="[762,1061,194,221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A51FFB6FD67FF07FCA86EA2" box="[762,866,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">C. erecta</emphasis>
(Thunb.) Blume
</taxonomicName>
, was also found under this forest. 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A51FFB6FF15FF22FE2C6F7E" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,486,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A51FFB6FF15FF22FE2C6F7E" box="[136,486,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the 
<typeStatus id="54B24EC04A51FFB6FD6DFF23FCEA6F7F" box="[752,800,231,257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">type</typeStatus>
locality, where is also bordering West 
<collectingRegion id="49CD3E804A51FFB6FB5AFF22FAC16F7E" box="[1223,1291,230,256]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Hubei</collectingRegion>
and Southeast 
<collectingRegion id="49CD3E804A51FFB6FF15FECEFF286F5A" box="[136,226,266,292]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
in South Central 
<collectingCountry id="F31EB0F24A51FFB6FE35FECEFE256F5A" box="[424,495,266,292]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A51FFB6FF20FEEAFB896F36" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,437]" box="[189,1091,302,329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A51FFB6FF20FEEAFE896F36" bold="true" box="[189,323,302,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Flowering in May, but fruiting immature during our investigation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C313A3E94A51FFB0FF20FE96FCC068A0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A51FFB6FF20FE96FC9A6FCA" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A51FFB6FF20FE96FE826F12" bold="true" box="[189,328,338,364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet refers to Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, where the 
<typeStatus id="54B24EC04A51FFB6FBE9FE97FB6E6F13" box="[1140,1188,339,365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">type</typeStatus>
specimens of this new species was collected. Concerning to its only presently known from the 
<typeStatus id="54B24EC04A51FFB6FC36FEB3FC116FEF" box="[939,987,375,401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">type</typeStatus>
locality, the Chinese name of this orchid, Yīn Tiáo Lǐng Tóu Ruǐ Lán (
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A51FFB6FE50FE5DFDBF6FCB" bold="true" box="[461,629,409,437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Dzȇ岭ẍṽ兰</emphasis>
), is also suggested.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF76A0EA4A51FFB6FF15F888FE1669D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10184617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10184617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10184617/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" startId="2.[136,229,1868,1890]" targetBox="[151,1436,458,1840]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A51FFB6FF15F888FE1669D4" blockId="2.[136,1452,1868,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A51FFB6FF15F888FF35691F" bold="true" box="[136,255,1868,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A51FFB6FE9BF888FDFC691F" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[262,566,1868,1889]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A51FFB6FE9BF888FDFC691F" box="[262,566,1868,1889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="121">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A) Habitat; B) Habit; C) front view of a flower; D) anatomy of a flower; E) side view of lip and column; F) dorsal view of colume; G) side view of column; H) ventral view of column. A, B and C photographed by Feng Chen, others photographed by Chi Xiong.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF76A0EA4A50FFB7FF15F828FB47667F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10184619" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10184619" box="[136,1165,2028,2050]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10184619/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" startId="3.[136,229,2028,2050]" targetBox="[152,1436,190,2003]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A50FFB7FF15F828FB47667F" blockId="3.[136,1165,2028,2050]" box="[136,1165,2028,2050]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A50FFB7FF15F828FF34667F" bold="true" box="[136,254,2028,2050]" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A50FFB7FEE0F828FD61667F" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[381,683,2028,2049]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A50FFB7FEE0F828FD61667F" box="[381,683,2028,2049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="122">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CQNM 0025462), photographed by Long Wang.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF76A0EA4A57FFB0FF15FF5BFE806F5D" ID-Table-UUID="DF76A0EA4A57FFB0FF15FF5BFE806F5D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF76A0EA4A57FFB0FF15FF5BFE806F5D" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" startId="4.[136,224,159,183]" targetBox="[144,1426,304,788]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A57FFB0FF15FF5BFE806F5D" blockId="4.[136,1452,159,291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FF15FF5BFECA6EC9" bold="true" box="[136,256,159,183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison of 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FDFDFF5BFC7E6EC9" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[608,948,159,183]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FDFDFF5BFC7E6EC9" box="[608,948,159,183]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FC5AFF64FBED6EC9" box="[967,1063,160,183]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FC5AFF64FBED6EC9" box="[967,1063,160,183]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C.exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FBF6FF64FACE6EC9" authorityName="Miyabe &amp; Kudo" authorityYear="1932" box="[1131,1284,159,183]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subaphylla">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FBF6FF64FACE6EC9" box="[1131,1284,159,183]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C. subaphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Owing to the unavailable physical material, characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FDECFF00FD1B6EA5" box="[625,721,196,219]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FDECFF00FD1B6EA5" box="[625,721,196,219]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C.exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were referred to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FC0AFF07FBA56EA5" author="Seidenfaden, G." box="[919,1135,195,219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="64 - 97" refId="ref4606" refString="Seidenfaden, G. (1975) Contributions to the orchid flora of Thailand VI. Botanisk Tidsskrift 70: 64 - 97." type="journal article" year="1975">Seidenfaden (1975)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FBE3FF07FABC6EA5" author="Pedersen, H. &amp; Watthana, S. &amp; Roy, M. &amp; Suddee, S. &amp; Selosse, M. A." box="[1150,1398,195,219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="460 - 468" refId="ref4258" refString="Pedersen, H., Watthana, S., Roy, M., Suddee, S. &amp; Selosse, M. A. (2009) Cephalanthera exigua rediscovered: new insights in the taxonomy, habitat requirements and breeding system of a rare mycoheterotrophic orchid. Nordic Journal of Bototany 27: 460 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.2009.00465. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Pedersen 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FB74FF00FAE86EA5" box="[1257,1314,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FF15FF23FEBC6E81" author="Nuraliev, M. S. &amp; Efimov, P. G. &amp; Averyanov, L. V. &amp; Kuznetsov, A. N. &amp; Kuznetsova, S. P." box="[136,374,231,255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="95 - 102" refId="ref4159" refString="Nuraliev, M. S., Efimov, P. G., Averyanov, L. V., Kuznetsov, A. N. &amp; Kuznetsova, S. P. (2014) Cephalanthera exigua (Orchidaceae), a new species and genus in the flora of Vietnam. Wulfenia 21: 95 - 102." type="journal article" year="2014">
Nuraliev 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FF70FF2CFEEE6E81" box="[237,292,231,255]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
, and those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FD93FF2CFD6E6E81" authorityName="Miyabe &amp; Kudo" authorityYear="1932" box="[526,676,231,255]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subaphylla">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FD93FF2CFD6E6E81" box="[526,676,231,255]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C. subaphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were referring to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FCF4FF23FBA66E81" author="Miyabe, K. &amp; Kudo, Y." box="[873,1132,231,255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="279 - 387" refId="ref4024" refString="Miyabe, K. &amp; Kudo, Y. (1932) Flora of Hokkaido and Saghallen III: Monocotyledoneae Araceae to Orchidaceae. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University 26 (3): 279 - 387." type="journal article" year="1932">Miyabe &amp; Kudô (1932)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FBE5FF23FAB36E81" author="Hayakawa, H. &amp; Yamazaki, J. &amp; Konuma, A. &amp; Yokoyama, J." box="[1144,1401,231,255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="199 - 203" refId="ref3596" refString="Hayakawa, H., Yamazaki, J., Konuma, A. &amp; Yokoyama, J. (2016) Morphological variation in the species of Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae) in Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 67 (3): 199 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.18942 / apg. 201605" type="journal article" year="2016">
Hayakawa 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FB6CFF2CFAE26E81" box="[1265,1320,231,255]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FF15FECFFE8C6F5D" author="Shin, H. W. &amp; Lee, C. H. &amp; Choi, S. A. &amp; Eum, S. M. &amp; Lee, N. S." box="[136,326,267,291]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref4630" refString="Shin, H. W., Lee, C. H., Choi, S. A., Eum, S. M. &amp; Lee, N. S. (2019) Taxonomic status of three controversial species of Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae) from Korea based on morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 415: 105 - 112." type="journal article" year="2019">
Shin 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FF5DFEC8FF3F6F5D" box="[192,245,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A57FFB0FED6FEF4FB116D6D" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<table id="F90902C24A57004BFF0DFEF4FA586D6A" box="[144,1426,304,788]" gridcols="4" gridrows="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFEF4FA586F38" box="[144,1426,304,326]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FEF4FD796F38" box="[331,691,304,326]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FED6FEF4FDC96F38" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[331,515,304,326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FED6FEF4FDC96F38" bold="true" box="[331,515,304,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C. yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFEF4FBE16F38" box="[707,1067,304,326]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FD5EFEF4FCE86F3B" box="[707,802,304,325]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FD5EFEF4FCE86F3B" bold="true" box="[707,802,304,325]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C. exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FEF4FA586F38" box="[1083,1426,304,326]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FBA6FEF4FB096F38" authority="Nutrition" authorityName="Nutrition" box="[1083,1219,304,326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subaphylla">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FBA6FEF4FB096F38" bold="true" box="[1083,1219,304,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C. subaphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFE94FA586F18" box="[144,1426,336,358]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFF0DFE94FEE96F18" box="[144,291,336,358]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Nutrition mode</th>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FE94FD796F18" box="[331,691,336,358]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Mycoheterotrophic</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFE94FBE16F18" box="[707,1067,336,358]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Mycoheterotrophic</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FE94FA586F18" box="[1083,1426,336,358]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Mixotrophic</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFEB4FA586FF8" box="[144,1426,368,390]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFF0DFEB4FEE96FF8" box="[144,291,368,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Roots</th>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FEB4FD796FF8" box="[331,691,368,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Obviously fleshy</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFEB4FBE16FF8" box="[707,1067,368,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Slightly fleshy</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FEB4FA586FF8" box="[1083,1426,368,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Slightly fleshy</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFE4BFA586FDB" box="[144,1426,399,421]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFF0DFE4BFEE96FDB" box="[144,291,399,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Leaves</th>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FE4BFD796FDB" box="[331,691,399,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Achlorophyllous and sheath-like</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFE4BFBE16FDB" box="[707,1067,399,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Achlorophyllous and sheath-like</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FE4BFA586FDB" box="[1083,1426,399,421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">With 1–2 leaves bearing blade ca. 3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFE69FA586FBD" box="[144,1426,429,451]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FE69FD796FBD" box="[331,691,429,451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">without obvious blade</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFE69FBE16FBD" box="[707,1067,429,451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">without obvious blade</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FE69FA586FBD" box="[1083,1426,429,451]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">cm long</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFE08FA586F9C" box="[144,1426,460,482]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFF0DFE08FEE96F9C" box="[144,291,460,482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Lower bracts</th>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FE08FD796F9C" box="[331,691,460,482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Shorter or same length as pedicel and</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFE08FBE16F9C" box="[707,1067,460,482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Shorter or same length as pedicel and</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FE08FA586F9C" box="[1083,1426,460,482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Obviously longer than pedicel and</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFE2EFA586F81" box="[144,1426,490,511]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FE2EFD796F81" box="[331,691,490,511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">ovary</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFE2EFBE16F81" box="[707,1067,490,511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">ovary</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FE2EFA586F81" box="[1083,1426,490,511]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">ovary</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFDCDFA586C61" box="[144,1426,521,543]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFF0DFDCDFEE96C61" box="[144,291,521,543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Sepals</th>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FDCDFD796C61" box="[331,691,521,543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Obtuse at apex</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFDCDFBE16C61" box="[707,1067,521,543]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Acuminate at apex</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FDCDFA586C61" box="[1083,1426,521,543]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">More or less emarginate at apex</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFDEDFA586C41" box="[144,1426,553,575]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFF0DFDEDFEE96C41" box="[144,291,553,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Lateral petals</th>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FDEDFD796C41" box="[331,691,553,575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Obtuse at apex</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFDEDFBE16C41" box="[707,1067,553,575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Obtuse at apex</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FDEDFA586C41" box="[1083,1426,553,575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">More or less acute at apex</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFD8DFA586C21" box="[144,1426,585,607]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFF0DFD8DFEE96C21" box="[144,291,585,607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Lip</th>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FD8DFD796C21" box="[331,691,585,607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Spur conical, acuminate at apex;</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFD8DFBE16C21" box="[707,1067,585,607]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Without spur; lateral lobes falcate;</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FD8DFA586C21" box="[1083,1426,585,607]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Spur conical, obtuse at apex; lateral</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFDA2FA586C02" box="[144,1426,614,636]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FDA2FD796C02" box="[331,691,614,636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">lateral lobes falcate; middle lobe</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFDA2FBE16C02" box="[707,1067,614,636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">middle lobe reniform with cuspidate</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FDA2FA586C02" box="[1083,1426,614,636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">lobes ovate-triangle; middle lobe</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFD40FA586CE4" box="[144,1426,644,666]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FD40FD796CE4" box="[331,691,644,666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">flabellate with acuminate apex; lip</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFD40FBE16CE4" box="[707,1067,644,666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">apex; lip with three lamellae</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FD40FA586CE4" box="[1083,1426,644,666]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">transversely reniform with obtuse</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFD65FA586CC9" box="[144,1426,673,695]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FD65FD796CC9" box="[331,691,673,695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">with five to seven lamellae</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FD65FA586CC9" box="[1083,1426,673,695]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">apex; lip with three lamellae</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFD05FA586CA9" box="[144,1426,705,727]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFF0DFD05FEE96CA9" box="[144,291,705,727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Fertile stamen</th>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FD05FD796CA9" box="[331,691,705,727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Anther hinged at the top of column</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFD05FBE16CA9" box="[707,1067,705,727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Anther hinged at the top of column</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FD05FA586CA9" box="[1083,1426,705,727]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Anther sited directly on the top of</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFD1AFA586C8A" box="[144,1426,734,756]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FD1AFD796C8A" box="[331,691,734,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">with a short stalk</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFD1AFBE16C8A" box="[707,1067,734,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">with a short stalk</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FD1AFA586C8A" box="[1083,1426,734,756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">column</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3539F2204A57004BFF0DFD3AFA586D6A" box="[144,1426,766,788]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<th id="76E89B5C4A57004BFF0DFD3AFEE96D6A" box="[144,291,766,788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Distribution</th>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFED6FD3AFD796D6A" box="[331,691,766,788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Central West China</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFD5EFD3AFBE16D6A" box="[707,1067,766,788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Laos, Thailand and Vietnam</td>
<td id="76E89B5C4A57004BFBA6FD3AFA586D6A" box="[1083,1426,766,788]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Japan and Korea</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A57FFB0FF20FC84FBC16DB8" blockId="4.[136,1452,832,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FF20FC84FE3B6D24" bold="true" box="[189,497,832,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Conservation assessment:</emphasis>
—A total of ca. 50 individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FCF3FC84FB056D24" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[878,1231,832,858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FCF3FC84FB056D24" box="[878,1231,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were discovered in broadleaf mixed forest at Yintiaoling Nature Reserve. They were subdivided into two subpopulations. The habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FF15FC4CFE2D6DDC" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,487,904,930]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FF15FC4CFE2D6DDC" box="[136,487,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is within the core zone of this nature reserve. We temporarily assessed its conservation status as Data Deficient (DD) based on Categories and Criteria of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FCF0FC68FBCC6DB8" author="IUCN" box="[877,1030,940,966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" refId="ref3744" refString="IUCN (2023) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, ver. 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (Accessed 1 March 2023)." type="book" year="2023">IUCN (2023)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A57FFB0FF20FC14FF316BC0" blockId="4.[136,1452,832,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FF20FC14FD246D94" bold="true" box="[189,750,976,1002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Status of similar taxa regarding trophic modes</emphasis>
:—It is notable that the most morphological similar species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FF15FC30FE2D6A70" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,487,1012,1038]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FF15FC30FE2D6A70" box="[136,487,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C68BC5D94A57FFB0FE68FC30FD8D6A70" box="[501,583,1012,1038]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetBox="[144,1426,304,788]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis, C.exigua, and C. subaphylla. Owing to the unavailable physical material, characters of C.exigua were referred to Seidenfaden (1975), Pedersen et al. (2009), and Nuraliev et al. (2014), and those of C. subaphylla were referring to Miyabe &amp; Kudô (1932), Hayakawa et al. (2016), and Shin et al. (2019)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF76A0EA4A57FFB0FF15FF5BFE806F5D" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" tableUuid="DF76A0EA4A57FFB0FF15FF5BFE806F5D">Table 1</tableCitation>
) had been treated to be an infraspecific abnormality of a generally considered autotrophic species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FEF2FBDCFDAE6A4C" box="[367,612,1048,1074]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FEF2FBDCFDAE6A4C" box="[367,612,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalanthera erecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Thunb. in Murray 1784: 816) 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FC55FBDCFB6B6A4C" author="Blume, C. L." box="[968,1185,1048,1075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" refId="ref3143" refString="Blume, C. L. (1859 [1858]) Collection des orchide´es les plus remarquables de l'Archipel indien et du Japon. C. G. Sulpke, Amsterdam, 190 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 154048" type="book" year="1859">Blume (1859: 188)</bibRefCitation>
, as either 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FA89FBDCFD476A28" authority="(Miyabe &amp; Kudo) Ohwi (1953: 69)" authorityName="Ohwi" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="1953" baseAuthorityName="Miyabe &amp; Kudo" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="erecta" variety="subaphylla">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FA89FBDCFAB06A4C" box="[1300,1402,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C. erecta</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FF15FBF8FEC96A28" box="[136,259,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">subaphylla</emphasis>
(Miyabe &amp; Kudô) 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FE4BFBF8FD476A28" author="Ohwi, J." box="[470,653,1084,1111]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="66 - 90" refId="ref4220" refString="Ohwi, J. (1953) New names and new combinations adopted in my &quot; Flora of Japan &quot;. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo 33: 66 - 90." type="journal article" year="1953">Ohwi (1953: 69)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FD2DFBF8FA936A28" authority="(Miyabe &amp; Kudo) M. Hiroe (1971: 63)" authorityName="M. Hiroe" authorityPageNumber="63" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Miyabe &amp; Kudo" box="[688,1369,1084,1110]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" form="subaphylla" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FD2DFBF8FD096A28" box="[688,707,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FD52FBF9FCDE6A28" box="[719,788,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">erecta</emphasis>
f. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FCADFBF8FC616A28" box="[816,939,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">subaphylla</emphasis>
(Miyabe &amp; Kudô) M. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FB07FBF8FA936A28" author="Hiroe, M." box="[1178,1369,1084,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" refId="ref3726" refString="Hiroe, M. (1971) Orchid Flowers, vol. 2. Kyoto-Shoin, Kyoto." type="book" year="1971">Hiroe (1971: 63)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. But its independent species status was unequivocally supported by more recent studies of both molecular evidence (
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FAA7FBA4FF086AE0" author="Shin, H. W. &amp; Lee, C. H. &amp; Choi, S. A. &amp; Eum, S. M. &amp; Lee, N. S." pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref4630" refString="Shin, H. W., Lee, C. H., Choi, S. A., Eum, S. M. &amp; Lee, N. S. (2019) Taxonomic status of three controversial species of Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae) from Korea based on morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa 415: 105 - 112." type="journal article" year="2019">
Shin 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FAE9FBA5FA666A04" box="[1396,1452,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
) and alloenzyme analysis (
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FE6DFB40FD0A6AE0" author="Chung, M. Y. &amp; Son, S. W. &amp; Chung, J. M. &amp; Lopez-Pujol, J. &amp; Yukawa, T. &amp; Chung, M. G." box="[496,704,1156,1182]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="118 - 126" refId="ref3453" refString="Chung, M. Y., Son, S. W., Chung, J. M., Lopez-Pujol, J., Yukawa, T. &amp; Chung, M. G. (2019) Evaluation of the taxonomic rank of the terrestrial orchid Cephalanthera subaphylla based on allozymes. Korean Journal of plant Taxonomy 49 (2): 118 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.11110 / kjpt. 2019.49.2.118" type="journal article" year="2019">
Chung 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FDD9FB41FDB66AE0" box="[580,636,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Although it was not sure while could be inferred from its original description and latter literature (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FDB8FB6CFD066ABC" author="Suetsugu, K." box="[549,716,1192,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="199 - 201" refId="ref4706" refString="Suetsugu, K. (2017) A new vegetative albino form of the otherwise mixotrophic orchid Cephalanthera subaphylla (Orchidaceae). Acta Phytotaxonica et Geobotanica 68 (3): 199 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.18942 / apg. 201704" type="journal article" year="2017">Suetsugu 2017</bibRefCitation>
) that 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FC97FB6CFC6C6ABC" box="[778,934,1192,1218]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subaphylla">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FC97FB6CFC6C6ABC" box="[778,934,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C. subaphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most probably a mixotrophic species, and it was latter considered to be strongly (but not fully) mycoheterotrophic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FC05FB08FB426A98" author="Sakamoto, Y. &amp; Ogura-Tsujita, Y. &amp; Ito, K. &amp; Suetsugu, K. &amp; Yokoyama, J. &amp; Yamazaki, J. &amp; Yukawa, T. &amp; Maki, M." box="[920,1160,1228,1254]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="1013 - 1020" refId="ref4458" refString="Sakamoto, Y., Ogura-Tsujita, Y., Ito, K., Suetsugu, K., Yokoyama, J., Yamazaki, J., Yukawa, T. &amp; Maki, M. (2016) The tiny-leaved orchid Cephalanthera subaphylla obtains most of its carbon via mycoheterotrophy. Journal of Plant Research 129: 1013 - 1020. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10265 - 016 - 0856 - 6" type="journal article" year="2016">
Sakamoto 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FB92FB09FB8C6A98" box="[1039,1094,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
), and further investigation also revealed that it is associated with the same fungi family as the more autotrophic species 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FB22FB34FAE46B74" box="[1215,1326,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FB22FB34FAE06B74" box="[1215,1322,1264,1290]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">C. erecta</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Moreover, floral peloric and vegetative albino were generally observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FCDFFAD0FC206B50" authorityName="Richard" authorityYear="1817" box="[834,1002,1300,1326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FCDFFAD0FC206B50" box="[834,1002,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalanthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FC6AFAD0FB276B50" author="Hayakawa, H. &amp; Yamazaki, J. &amp; Konuma, A. &amp; Yokoyama, J." box="[1015,1261,1300,1326]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="199 - 203" refId="ref3596" refString="Hayakawa, H., Yamazaki, J., Konuma, A. &amp; Yokoyama, J. (2016) Morphological variation in the species of Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae) in Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 67 (3): 199 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.18942 / apg. 201605" type="journal article" year="2016">
Hayakawa 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FBE8FAD1FB666B50" box="[1141,1196,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FB6BFAD0FA556B50" author="Suetsugu, K." box="[1270,1439,1300,1326]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="199 - 201" refId="ref4706" refString="Suetsugu, K. (2017) A new vegetative albino form of the otherwise mixotrophic orchid Cephalanthera subaphylla (Orchidaceae). Acta Phytotaxonica et Geobotanica 68 (3): 199 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.18942 / apg. 201704" type="journal article" year="2017">Suetsugu 2017</bibRefCitation>
), which lead to description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FE50FAFCFCA76B2C" authority="H. Hayak." authorityName="H. Hayak." box="[461,877,1336,1362]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" form="conformis" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="subaphylla">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FE50FAFCFDA36B2C" box="[461,617,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C. subaphylla</emphasis>
f. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FD17FAFCFD306B2C" box="[650,762,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">conformis</emphasis>
H.Hayak.
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FC0EFAFCFB1D6B2C" author="Hayakawa, H. &amp; Yamazaki, J. &amp; Konuma, A. &amp; Yokoyama, J." box="[915,1239,1336,1362]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="199 - 203" refId="ref3596" refString="Hayakawa, H., Yamazaki, J., Konuma, A. &amp; Yokoyama, J. (2016) Morphological variation in the species of Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae) in Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 67 (3): 199 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.18942 / apg. 201605" type="journal article" year="2016">
Hayakawa 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FB8CFAFDFB806B2C" box="[1041,1098,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
(2016: 200)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FA92FAFCFDE86B08" authority="Suetsugu (2017: 200)" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" form="leucophylla" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="subaphylla">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FA92FAFCFA616B2C" box="[1295,1451,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C. subaphylla</emphasis>
f. 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FF3CFA98FEEE6B08" box="[161,292,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">leucophylla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FEB6FA98FDE86B08" author="Suetsugu, K." box="[299,546,1372,1398]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="199 - 201" refId="ref4706" refString="Suetsugu, K. (2017) A new vegetative albino form of the otherwise mixotrophic orchid Cephalanthera subaphylla (Orchidaceae). Acta Phytotaxonica et Geobotanica 68 (3): 199 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.18942 / apg. 201704" type="journal article" year="2017">Suetsugu (2017: 200)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Although it is tentatively placed the two forms (with undifferentiated lip in the former and being achlorophyllous in the latter) both as conspecific to 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FC28FA44FB1A6BE4" authority="(POWO 2023)" baseAuthorityName="POWO" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[949,1232,1408,1434]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FC28FA44FBD76BE4" box="[949,1053,1408,1434]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">C. erecta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FBB3FA44FB026BE4" author="POWO" box="[1070,1224,1408,1434]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" refId="ref4334" refString="POWO (2023) Plants of the World Online, Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http: // www. plantsoftheworldonline. org / (Accessed: 8 April 2023)." type="url" year="2023">POWO 2023</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, further analysis is necessary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6F0624A57FFB0FF20FA0CFCC068A0" blockId="4.[136,1452,832,1758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">
Another mycoheterotrophic species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FDFEFA0CFB866B9C" authority="Seidenf. (1975: 71)" authorityName="Seidenf." authorityPageNumber="71" authorityYear="1975" box="[611,1100,1480,1507]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FDFEFA0CFCAA6B9C" box="[611,864,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalanthera exigua</emphasis>
Seidenf. (1975: 71)
</taxonomicName>
, is also comparably similar to this new species in its saprophytic habit and white colored and expanding tepals. It was firstly reported only in 
<collectingCountry id="F31EB0F24A57FFB0FAF3FA28FA6D6878" box="[1390,1447,1516,1542]" name="Laos" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Laos</collectingCountry>
, and it was later discovered also distributed in 
<collectingCountry id="F31EB0F24A57FFB0FD00F9D4FCCB6854" box="[669,769,1552,1578]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(Pedersen 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FC1FF9D5FC776854" box="[898,957,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
2019) and 
<collectingCountry id="F31EB0F24A57FFB0FBDFF9D4FB6B6854" box="[1090,1185,1552,1578]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF988D934A57FFB0FB2FF9D4FA6A6854" author="Nuraliev, M. S. &amp; Efimov, P. G. &amp; Averyanov, L. V. &amp; Kuznetsov, A. N. &amp; Kuznetsova, S. P." box="[1202,1440,1552,1578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" pagination="95 - 102" refId="ref4159" refString="Nuraliev, M. S., Efimov, P. G., Averyanov, L. V., Kuznetsov, A. N. &amp; Kuznetsova, S. P. (2014) Cephalanthera exigua (Orchidaceae), a new species and genus in the flora of Vietnam. Wulfenia 21: 95 - 102." type="journal article" year="2014">
Nuraliev 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FA82F9D5FA906854" box="[1311,1370,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). The most distinguishable difference lies in its absence of spur. In addition, habitat of these two species is different. 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FF15F99CFE4E680C" box="[136,388,1624,1650]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exigua">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FF15F99CFE4E680C" box="[136,388,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalanthera exigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in the tropical forest (Pedersen 
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FCDBF99DFC4B680C" box="[838,897,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
2019), 
<taxonomicName id="4C098BE14A57FFB0FC41F99CFAF4680C" authorityName="F. Chen, C. Xiong &amp; X. H. Jin" authorityYear="2023" box="[988,1342,1624,1650]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Cephalanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yintiaolingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D2C704A57FFB0FC41F99CFAF4680C" box="[988,1342,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in subtropical broadleaf forest in Northeast 
<collectingRegion id="49CD3E804A57FFB0FDC7F9B8FD1368E8" box="[602,729,1660,1686]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
, southern Central 
<collectingCountry id="F31EB0F24A57FFB0FC34F9B8FC3A68E8" box="[937,1008,1660,1686]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="123">China</collectingCountry>
. However, further phylogenetic studies by incorporated more representative samples will clarify the interspecific relationships of this group of orchids with more diversified trophic modes and replete with pelorias.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>