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197 lines
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<mods:title id="90D33B559F6EEEE04610F9ED5ECAC29F">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ACDF2DB9DF8DDE3C7BB73E95252A695A">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="025D19551D8C62F37E8EF4E6BFF7AF6E">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7807D0CECD8D3FA05D8F8F4E76C34C6B">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="313999C496A023EAC2D46EFB44E36A36" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="36AEBEF3BA4A2A0352BFF2F661413AD1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="B47023AA2D9B8EE3F2F09D8A6D71B9C6">2023-03-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03966A560F51C751BABF8981B7C7FB6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7729835" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7729835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F51C751BABF8981B7C7FB6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F51C751BABF8981B7C7FB6D" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F51C751BABF8981B7EBFD01" box="[151,645,690,719]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F51C751BABF8981B7EBFD01" blockId="58.[151,1436,690,1185]" box="[151,645,690,719]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BABF8981B5D5FD01" bold="true" box="[151,187,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">99.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751BAEB8980B7EEFD01" ID-CoL="CMGZ" ID-ENA="2848100" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1909" box="[195,640,690,719]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomposum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BAEB8980B4B0FD01" bold="true" box="[195,478,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma pomposum</emphasis>
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D ö nitz, 1909
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F51C751B8A58981B037FCF5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F51C751B8A58981B037FCF5" blockId="58.[151,1436,690,1185]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B9618981B6F0FD01" box="[841,926,691,717]" name="Angola" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Angola</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B9E68981B143FD01" box="[974,1069,691,717]" name="Burundi" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Burundi</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BE758981B58AFD3D" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BB3889E5B432FD3D" box="[272,348,727,753]" name="Kenya" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BBA089E5B771FD3D" box="[392,543,727,753]" name="Mozambique" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B86289E5B7C7FD3D" box="[586,681,727,753]" name="Rwanda" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B8FD89E5B609FD3D" box="[725,871,727,753]" name="South Sudan" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B9BA89E5B694FD3D" box="[914,1018,727,753]" name="Tanzania" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BE0D89E5B111FD3D" box="[1061,1151,727,753]" name="Uganda" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BE9189E5B07FFD3D" box="[1209,1297,727,753]" name="Zambia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 11)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BF6289E5B5A8FCD9" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BAFC89C9B4F1FCD9" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[212,415,762,789]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref202266" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050. 29. 07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">
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Hoogstraal 1956
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BBBA89C8B4F1FCD9" author="Elbl A & Anastos, G." box="[402,415,762,789]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 275" refId="ref191008" refString="Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966 a) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume I. General introduction. Genus Amblyomma Koch, 1844. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologique s, (145), 1 - 275." type="journal article" year="1966">a</bibRefCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Elbl & Anastos 1966
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B8BE89C9B6A1FCD9" author="Spickett, A. M. & Keirans, J. E. & Norval, R. A. I. & Clifford, C. M." box="[662,975,763,789]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="23 - 30" refId="ref255167" refString="Spickett, A. M., Keirans, J. E., Norval, R. A. I. & Clifford, C. M. (1981) Ixodes (Afrixodes) matopi n. sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae): a tick found aggregating on pre-orbital gland scent marks of the klipspringer in Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 48, 23 - 30." type="journal article" year="1981">a, Keirans & Brewster 1981</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B9F289C9B1EFFCD9" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[986,1153,762,789]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">
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Keirans 1985
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BE5A89C8B1EFFCD9" author="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A." box="[1138,1153,762,789]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="353 - 379" refId="ref263132" refString="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A. (1987) The tick vectors of Cowdria ruminantium (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae, genus Amblyomma) and their distribution. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 54, 353 - 379." type="journal article" year="1987">b</bibRefCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Walker & Olwage 1987,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BABF882DB442FCF5" author="Tandon, S. K." box="[151,300,799,825]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref256942" refString="Tandon, S. K. (1991) The ixodid ticks of Zambia (Acarina: Ixodidae). A study of distribution, ecology and host relationships. Occasional Paper of the Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 134, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Tandon 1991</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BB10882DB4D0FCF5" author="Morel, P. C." box="[312,446,799,825]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BBE1882DB7BEFCF5" author="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E." box="[457,720,799,825]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref262289" refString="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit & Keirans 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B8F3882DB611FCF5" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[731,895,799,825]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B9A2882DB1F6FCF5" author="ElGhali, A. & Hassan, S. M." box="[906,1176,799,825]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref191264" refString="ElGhali, A. & Hassan, S. M. (2012) Ticks infesting animals in the Sudan and southern Sudan: past and current status: research communication. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 79, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / ojvr. v 79 i 1.431" type="journal article" year="2012">ElGhali & Hassan 2012</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BE8B882DB022FCF5" author="Sili, G. & Byaruhanga, C. & Horak, I. & Steyn, H. & Chaisi, M. & Oosthuizen, M. C. & Neves, L." box="[1187,1356,799,825]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1097 - 1102" refId="ref254450" refString="Sili, G., Byaruhanga, C., Horak, I., Steyn, H., Chaisi, M., Oosthuizen, M. C. & Neves, L. (2021) Ticks and tick-borne pathogens infecting livestock and dogs in Tchicala-Tcholoanga, Huambo Province, Angola. Parasitology Research, 120, 1097 - 1102. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 020 - 07009 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Sili
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BEF9882DB067FCF5" box="[1233,1289,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F51C751BAEF8871B7C7FB6D" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F51C751BAEF8871B404FC05" blockId="58.[151,1436,690,1185]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751BAEF8871B4BCFC90" box="[199,466,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomposum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BAEF8871B4BCFC90" box="[199,466,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma pomposum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lacks a thorough morphological definition (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751B99F8871B1A4FC91" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G." box="[951,1226,835,861]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Guglielmone
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BE788871B1E9FC91" box="[1104,1159,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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); consequently, the geographic distribution presented here is simply a list of the countries where this tick has allegedly been found, and disagreements persist among authors concerning this species’ diagnosis and range, as already noted by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BF2288B9B408FC05" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref199027" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0" type="book" year="2018">Guglielmone & Robbins (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F51C751BAEF88E1B13AFB95" blockId="58.[151,1436,690,1185]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BAEF88E1B4C2FC21" author="Walker, A. R. & Bouattour, A. & Camicas, J. L. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Horak, I. G. & Latif, A. A. & Pegram, R. G. & Preston, P. M." box="[199,428,979,1005]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref262828" refString="Walker, A. R., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J. L., Estrada-Pena, A., Horak, I. G., Latif, A. A., Pegram, R. G. & Preston, P. M. (2003) Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: a Guide to Identification of Species. Biosciences Report, Edinburgh, 221 pp." type="book" year="2003">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BB3788E1B437FC21" box="[287,345,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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(2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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reduced the range of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751B88D88E1B6DCFC20" box="[677,946,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomposum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B88D88E1B6DCFC20" box="[677,946,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma pomposum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B9FF88E1B142FC21" box="[983,1068,979,1005]" name="Angola" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Angola</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BE1088E1B58CFBDD" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BB3588C5B41BFBDD" box="[285,373,1015,1041]" name="Zambia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BB9C88C5B70AFBDD" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[436,612,1015,1041]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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excluded
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751B8F388C5B62EFBDD" box="[731,832,1015,1041]" name="Tanzania" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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from the range of this tick.
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BEAF88C5B045FBDD" author="Walker, J. B." box="[1159,1323,1015,1041]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BF4E88C5B4F8FBF9" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref229336" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse & Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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did not recognize the presence of
|
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751B93D8F29B14FFBF8" box="[789,1057,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomposum">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B93D8F29B14FFBF8" box="[789,1057,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma pomposum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
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in
|
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|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BE6C8F29B1E3FBF9" box="[1092,1165,1051,1077]" name="Kenya" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
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and
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BEEB8F29B073FBF9" box="[1219,1309,1051,1077]" name="Uganda" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
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, but we are provisionally including these countries within the geographic distribution of this tick.
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
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|
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F51C751BAEF8F51B7C7FB6D" blockId="58.[151,1436,690,1185]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
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|
|
Farooqui
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751BB1A8F51B404FBB1" box="[306,362,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
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|
(2017) and
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F51C751BBC78F51B786FBB1" author="Ramzan, M. & Naeem-Ullah, U. & Bokhari, S. H. M. & Saba, S. & Khan, K. A. & Saeed, S." box="[495,744,1123,1149]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="221 - 236" refId="ref245407" refString="Ramzan, M., Naeem-Ullah, U., Bokhari, S. H. M., Saba, S., Khan, K. A. & Saeed, S. (2020 b) Checklist of the tick (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) species of Pakistan. Veterinaria Italiana, 56 (4), 221 - 236." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
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|
|
Ramzan
|
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B8798F51B7E7FBB1" box="[593,649,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
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|
|
(2020b)
|
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|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
listed
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F51C751B9188F51B152FBB0" box="[816,1084,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomposum">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F51C751B9188F51B152FBB0" box="[816,1084,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Amblyomma pomposum</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
as present in
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F51C751BEFB8F51B05BFBB1" box="[1235,1333,1123,1149]" name="Pakistan" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
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, but their statements are considered here to be erroneous.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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</document>
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