192 lines
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192 lines
15 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1569" ID-GBIF-Dataset="226292c9-1f85-4f2f-8062-2276d90f43d1" ID-PMC="PMC3252762" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-130-379" ID-PubMed="22259290" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-130-379" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 130" ModsDocTitle="Lytopylus Förster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae) species from Costa Rica, with an emphasis on specimens reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste" checkinTime="1451249852228" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sharkey, Michael J., Clutts, Stephanie, Tucker, Erika M., Janzen, Daniel, Hallwachs, Winnie, Dapkey, Tanya & Smith, M. Alex" docDate="2011" docId="EB68A0A08851211777575F5541ED832F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 130: 379-419" docOrigin="ZooKeys 130" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1569" docTitle="Lytopylus sandraberriosae Sharkey, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="398" masterDocId="FF89665BD33AF371227FFFCC1631614B" masterDocTitle="Lytopylus Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae) species from Costa Rica, with an emphasis on specimens reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste" masterLastPageNumber="419" masterPageNumber="379" pageNumber="397" updateTime="1668152276762" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Lytopylus Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae) species from Costa Rica, with an emphasis on specimens reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sharkey, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Clutts, Stephanie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tucker, Erika M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dapkey, Tanya</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>130</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>379</mods:start>
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<mods:end>419</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1569</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1569</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-130-379</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030956" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:826936F6-CEDA-46CB-AB53-D081E7F3A7CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB68A0A08851211777575F5541ED832F" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="18" pageNumber="397">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="397" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:826936F6-CEDA-46CB-AB53-D081E7F3A7CE" authority="Sharkey" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Lytopylus sandraberriosae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandraberriosae">Lytopylus sandraberriosae Sharkey</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="18" pageNumber="397">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2728
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="397" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">Body length 8.9 mm (sole female) 7.9 - 8.2 (2 males). Ovipositor length 8.9 mm. Gena rounded or with an obtuse angle posterolaterally. Longitudinal groove on interantennal prominence absent. Protuberances on occiput absent. Propodeum with carinae forming areolae, median areola rounded anteriorly, or with carinae forming areolae, median areola not rounded anteriorly. Notauli well-impressed, smooth without crenulae, or with one or two crenulae restricted to extreme anterior apex along border of mesoscutum. Posterior margin of syntergum 2+3 straight. Median syntergite 2 + 3 mostly weakly rugose with fine transverse striae apically. Forewing banded yellow and infuscate. Color as in Figs 27, 28. Color variation: There is little color variation across the three specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="397">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">
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Figure 27.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Lytopylus sandraberriosae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandraberriosae">Lytopylus sandraberriosae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Holotype a lateral habitus b dorsal habitus c wings.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="397">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">
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Figure 28.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Lytopylus sandraberriosae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandraberriosae">Lytopylus sandraberriosae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Holotype a anterior head b dorsal propodeum c lateral head and mesosoma d dorsal head and mesosoma e dorsal metasoma.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="397" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">Molecular data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">BOLD process ID/ Janzen parasitoid voucher/GenBank accession:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">ASBC960-07/DHJPAR0021148/JN034729.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="397" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">Guanacaste province, Costa Rica.Click here for a distribution map.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="18" pageNumber="397" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="397">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="18" pageNumber="397">
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All three rearings are from
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<taxonomicName family="Pyralidae" lsidName="" pageId="18" pageNumber="397" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="18" pageNumber="397" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epipaschiinae">Epipaschiinae</taxonomicName>
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) gregarious leaf webbers (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Deuterollyta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deuterollyta oediperalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oediperalis">Deuterollyta oediperalis</taxonomicName>
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) that live in conspicuous groups of 2-50 sib larvae moving freely through the silk and leaf mass in the crowns of rain forest understory
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<taxonomicName genus="Lauraceae" lsidName="Lauraceae" pageId="18" pageNumber="397" rank="genus">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
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(in this case,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Nectandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nectandra hihua" order="Laurales" pageId="18" pageNumber="397" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hihua">Nectandra hihua</taxonomicName>
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and an unidentified species of
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<taxonomicName genus="Lauraceae" lsidName="Lauraceae" pageId="18" pageNumber="397" rank="genus">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
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). Ovipositio
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="398" start="start">n</pageBreakToken>
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into one of the unrestrained caterpillars in the silk and leaf tangle will be a quite different challenge from oviposition into a single larva in its nest between two silked-together leaves (as is the case with other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Lytopylus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lytopylus</taxonomicName>
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). Only DHJPAR0021148 has successfully barcoded, so the grouping of these three individuals as one species is based solely on their morphology. Their host records give credence to this grouping.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="398">
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The wasp cocoon is spun in the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="caterpillar’s">caterpillar's</normalizedToken>
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prepupal chamber on the leaf surface (Fig. 29). The inventory has reared 5,422 epipaschiine pyralids from various food plants in ACG rain forest and dry forest (about half in the
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<taxonomicName genus="Lauraceae" lsidName="Lauraceae" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" rank="genus">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
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) during 33 years, to yield these three
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Lytopylus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lytopylus</taxonomicName>
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specimens (plus one
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Alabagrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alabagrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alabagrus</taxonomicName>
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and two
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Austroearinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austroearinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austroearinus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="19" pageNumber="398">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="398">
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Figure 29.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Lytopylus sandraberriosae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandraberriosae">Lytopylus sandraberriosae</taxonomicName>
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cocoon.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="398">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Lytopylus sandraberriosae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandraberriosae">Lytopylus sandraberriosae</taxonomicName>
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is a strange agathidine morphologically, biologically, and in COI composition. When we included another outgroup, a species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Alabagrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alabagrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alabagrus</taxonomicName>
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, in parsimony and NJ analyses (not shown),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Lytopylus sandraberriosae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandraberriosae">Lytopylus sandraberriosae</taxonomicName>
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did not nest with the other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Lytopylus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lytopylus</taxonomicName>
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. Rather,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Braunsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Braunsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Braunsia</taxonomicName>
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was positioned as the sister to the remaining
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Lytopylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Lytopylus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lytopylus</taxonomicName>
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. The species could well represent a new genus, but more molecular data is needed to confirm this suspicion.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="398" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="398">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="398">Named in honor of Sandra Berrios Torres of Atlanta, Georgia, who has enthusiastically supported the conservation of the ACG forest occupied by this parasitoid wasp.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="398" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="398">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="398">
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Holotype: ♀, H6432 (DHJPAR0040220) Costa Rica: Alajuela: Area de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
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Guanacaste: Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Conguera, 2.vii.2010,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="10.9159">10.9159N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-85.2663">85.2663W</geoCoordinate>
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, 420m [AEI].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="398">
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Paratypes [AEI, HIC, INBio]: Costa Rica: Guanacaste: Area de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
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Guanacaste: Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Conguera,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="10.9159">10.9159N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-85.2663">85.2663W</geoCoordinate>
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, 420m: ♂ H6428 (DHJPAR0040219) 4.vii.2010. Camino Rio Francia,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="10.9042">10.9042N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-85.2865">85.2865W</geoCoordinate>
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, 410m: ♂ H6628 (DHJPAR0021148) 7.vii.2007.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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