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239 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618995" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53d83d32-58bd-4230-83cd-c0b6ee8fa560" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120621559" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618995" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2B1ED89-6A3A-468A-8081-4C6ECB0CCEBE" checkinTime="1462380772451" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heike Feldhaar, Ulrich Maschwitz & Brigitte Fiala" docDate="2016" docId="AE1287CFFF839C6EA5E3C522FAAC0975" docLanguage="en" docName="feldhaar_et_al_2016_sociobiology_crematogaster_macaranga_revision.pdf" docOrigin="Sociobiology 63 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Crematogaster linsenmairi Feldhaar, Maschwitz & Fiala, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A2B1ED89-6A3A-468A-8081-4C6ECB0CCEBE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="668" masterDocId="522BFFB7FF939C7FA562C74AFFDC081F" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula" masterLastPageNumber="681" masterPageNumber="651" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" updateTime="1635526472509" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic Revision of the Obligate Plant-Ants of the Genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), Associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heike Feldhaar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ulrich Maschwitz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brigitte Fiala</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sociobiology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>63</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>651</mods:start>
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<mods:end>681</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">53d83d32-58bd-4230-83cd-c0b6ee8fa560</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269814</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">28CD6B09-5459-4EA2-BC4E-5B14322F676D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618995" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120621559" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618995" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2B1ED89-6A3A-468A-8081-4C6ECB0CCEBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE1287CFFF839C6EA5E3C522FAAC0975" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="668" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="667" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,515,616,641]" box="[129,515,616,641]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<heading bold="true" box="[129,515,616,641]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,515,616,641]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<taxonomicName box="[129,423,616,640]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linsenmairi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,423,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Crematogaster linsenmairi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[429,515,617,641]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,783,686,744]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2B1ED89-6A3A-468A-8081- 4C6ECB0CCEBE</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="667" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,782,790,883]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<taxonomicName box="[129,408,790,814]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
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<emphasis box="[129,408,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Crematogaster borneensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authority="Viehmeyer, 1916" authorityName="Viehmeyer" authorityYear="1916" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" rank="variety" subSpecies="hosei" variety="tubuli">
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subsp.
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<emphasis box="[482,538,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">hosei</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis box="[585,647,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">tubuli</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Viehmeyer, H." journalOrPublisher="Beobachtet und gesammelt von H. Overbeck. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 81 (A" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" pagination="108 - 168" part="1915" refString="Viehmeyer, H. (1916). Ameisen von Singapore. Beobachtet und gesammelt von H. Overbeck. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 81 (A 8, 1915): 108 - 168." title="Ameisen von Singapore" type="journal article" year="1916">Viehmeyer, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Syntypes, 2 workers, Singapore (Overbeck) (ZMBH) [unavailable name]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="667" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,393,928,952]" box="[129,393,928,952]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<heading bold="true" box="[129,393,928,952]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,393,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Type material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,782,998,1160]" box="[129,521,998,1022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis box="[129,521,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Syntype worker measurements (n=2)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="667" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,782,998,1160]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">CI 0.94-0.97, DPPW 0.19, DPW 0.2-0.21, EL 0.15, HL 0.69-0.72, HW 0.68, SL 0.49, MTW – (not fully visible), LHT 0.53-0.76, SI 0.71, LPS 0.13, PI 1.05-1.08, REL 0.2- 0.21, RLEG 0.71, (TL 2.8) WL 0.82-0.83</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="667" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,783,1187,1419]" box="[129,447,1187,1211]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis box="[129,447,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Additional material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,783,1187,1419]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[204,435,1222,1246]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Peninsula Malaysia</emphasis>
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: Belum (B. Fiala), Gombak (H. Feldhaar), Perak (B. Fiala), Maran (U. Maschwitz), Pulau Lingga (R. Kern),
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[397,572,1291,1315]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Sabah (Borneo)</emphasis>
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: Danum Valley (H. Feldhaar), Deramakot (B. Fiala), Poring Hot Spring (B. Fiala, H. Feldhaar).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[273,480,1360,1384]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Sarawak (Borneo)</emphasis>
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: Bau (B. Fiala), near Lambir Hills National Park (B. Fiala), Sibu (B. Fiala)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="668" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,783,1464,1662]" box="[129,447,1464,1489]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis box="[129,447,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Worker measurements (n=13)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,783,1464,1662]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">CI 0.94-1.02, DPPW 0.16-0.24, DPW 0.17-0.25, EL 0.13-0.17, HL 0.66-0.86, HW 0.63-0.86, LHT 0.53-0.76, LPS,0.81-1.181, MTW 0.38-0.53, PI 0.93-1.08, REL 0.17-0.21, RLEG 0.68-0.79, SI 0.68-0.76, SL 0.47-0.59, (TL 2.7-3.8), WL 0.82-1.07</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,365,1707,1731]" box="[129,365,1707,1731]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis box="[129,365,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Description of worker</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[129,783,1766,1998]" lastBlockId="16.[828,1482,131,1472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Workers brown in colour (large workers) with head and gaster a slightly darker shade than the alitrunk. Workers monomorphic in size. Total body length of workers 2.7 to 3.8 mm. Head and gaster shiny with smooth surface, alitrunk slightly less shiny and faintly shagreened. All body parts bear appressed pubescent hairs. Long flexuous setae present on head gaster and abdomen: on head especially in frons, on gaster more on the posterior margins of tergites and sternites. Only few setae on alitrunk and one pair each on petiole and postpetiole.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[828,1482,131,1472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Head subquadratic but slightly elongated, usually being longer than wide (mean CI: 0.97) and only slightly convex on sides. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex and with a row of long erect setae projecting anteriorly. Occipital margin slightly concavely rounded, occipital lobes rounded. Mandibles relatively short and with four denticles, capable of closing tightly against the clypeus. Denticles increasing continuously in size from most proximate to most distal denticle. Surface of mandibles smooth, covered with short pubescent hairs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[828,1482,131,1472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Antennae are relatively long in comparison to head width (SI 0.68-0.76; mean 0.72) and covered in short pubescent hair. Terminal three funicular segments form a club, sometimes only the terminal two segments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[828,1482,131,1472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Compound eyes elliptically shaped and not protruding over margin of head in full-face view. Pronotum and mesonotum form a convex dome in profile, sometimes slightly flattened dorsally. Anterodorsal surface of pronotum sloping downwards slightly steeper than or as steep as posterodorsal surface of mesonotum. The metanotal groove is slightly notched and clearly developed, whereas the promesonotal suture is visible but not prominent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[828,1482,131,1472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Propodeal spines in lateral view strong and acute. Tip of the spines always protruding over posterior margin of the propodeal spiracle and are diverging very slightly. Dorsal face of the propodeum confluent with the horizontal spines or spines bent slightly upwards. Slope of the posterior face of the propodeum similar to posterior slope of mesonotum (Fig S1.2c and S1.2D).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[828,1482,131,1472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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In dorsal view petiole approximately as wide as postpetiole (PI: 0.96-1.08). Node of petiole in dorsal view longer than wide and considerably rounded, dorsal surface flat. In profile the anterior face of the petiolar node shorter than the posterior so that the dorsal surface slopes downwards anteriorly. Dorsal surface of the postpetiolar node in profile rounded. Subpetiolar process usually absent. (See
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<tableCitation box="[1363,1444,1414,1438]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[130,193,131,155]" captionTargetBox="[130,1482,181,1302]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 1. Overview of most distinct morphological characters of the Macaranga - associated Crematogaster (borneensis - group) species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" tableUuid="72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884">Table 1</tableCitation>
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for comparative overview of worker characters.)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[828,1482,1515,1712]" box="[828,1139,1515,1539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis box="[828,1139,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Queen measurements (n=28)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[828,1482,1515,1712]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">CI 0.93-1.04, DPPW 0.48-0.62, DPW 0.46-059, EL 0.58- 0.71, HL 1.34-1.61, HW 1.30-1.62, LHT 1.06-1.37, MTW 1.13- 1.34, OD1 0.11-0.2, OD2 0.02-0.08, OW 0.16-0.21, PI 0.89-1.04, REL 0.39-0.48, RLEG 0.42-0.49, ROD 0.07-0.14, ROD2 0.018- 0.057, SI 0.54-0.61, SL 0.74-0.88, (TL 6.8-9.3), WL 2.45-2.9</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[828,1052,1750,1774]" box="[828,1052,1750,1774]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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<emphasis box="[828,1052,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Description of queen</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[828,1482,1808,2006]" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">
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Queens are the largest of all
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<taxonomicName box="[1244,1366,1809,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1244,1366,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Macaranga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-associated
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<taxonomicName box="[828,985,1843,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[828,985,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Crematogaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[1003,1283,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="667" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
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<emphasis box="[1003,1283,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="667">Crematogaster borneensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group); with total body length ranging from approximately 6.8 to 9.3 mm and uniformly medium brown in colour. Surface of head and gaster smooth and shiny, alitrunk is slightly less shiny and faintly shagreened. All body parts bear appressed pubescent hairs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[104,759,131,1438]" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Long flexuous setae present on head gaster and abdomen: on head especially in frons, on gaster more on the posterior margins of tergites and sternites. A row of long erect setae pointing anterior are present on the clypeus. Mandibles relatively short, capable of closing tightly against the clypeus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[104,759,131,1438]" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Head subquadratic, being usually approximately as wide as long (CI: 0.93-1.04; mean 0.99). Sides of the head only very slightly convex, occipital margin of the head slightly concave. Occipital lobes rounded. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex. Terminal 3 segments of funiculus continuously increasing in size forming an indistinct antennal club. Antennal scrobes strongly developed, with an acute and marked dorsal margin; the frontal carinae short.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[104,759,131,1438]" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Compound eyes large (rarely below 0.6 mm) and span more than one third of HL. Compound eyes oval-shaped from lateral view and convex from dorsal view (see Fig 3.2; Fig S1.2A and S1.2B) with margins of compound eyes protruding distinctly over margin of head. Maximum width of head including compound eyes between 8 to 16% wider than HW. Ocelli relatively large in diameter. Diameter of median ocellus larger than distance between the lateral ocelli.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[104,759,131,1438]" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Mesoscutum convexly rounded anterodorsally. Mesoscutellum nearly in horizontal plane in lateral view. Propodeum flattened dorsally and then drops off at an angle of approximately 45° posterior of the propodeal spiracle. Mesoscutum long, stretching out over approximately half of the alitrunk in lateral view. In dorsal view, the posterior margin of the propodeum forms a straight line and the mesonotum is broadly triangular. Propodeum not armed with spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[104,759,131,1438]" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">
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Node of petiole in dorsal view roughly rectangular, anterior side broader than posterior one. Petiolar node round in shape in dorsal view and often, but not always not as wide as postpetiolar node. In lateral view the petiole anterodorsally flattened and sloping downwards and slightly longer than the postpetiole. Postpetiole trapezoid-shaped in dorsal view and broader anterior than posterior. Petiole and postpetiole do not have distinct nodes. (See
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<tableCitation box="[372,450,1379,1403]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="8.[130,193,131,155]" captionTargetBox="[130,1482,181,1302]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 1. Overview of most distinct morphological characters of the Macaranga - associated Crematogaster (borneensis - group) species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" tableUuid="72C46651FF9B9C77A5E0C7C9FA160884">Table 1</tableCitation>
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for comparative overview of queen characters.)
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="668" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="17.[104,368,1483,1507]" box="[104,368,1483,1507]" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[104,368,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="17.[104,758,1542,2017]" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[180,466,1542,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linsenmairi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[180,466,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Crematogaster linsenmairi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is the largest species of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[104,224,1577,1600]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[104,224,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Macaranga</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
-associated
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[341,493,1577,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[341,493,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Crematogaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[506,749,1577,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="captiosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[506,749,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Crematogaster captiosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
- subgroup) species and is found over the whole distributional range of the association. It colonizes mainly hosts of the section
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[104,209,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Pruinosae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
whose stems need to be actively excavated and have a waxy cover (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[257,346,1715,1739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hosei">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[257,346,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">M. hosei</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[359,491,1716,1739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pearsonii">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[359,491,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">M. pearsonii</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[504,630,1716,1739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[504,630,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">M. pruinosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but also on non-waxy
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[217,347,1750,1774]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puberula">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[217,347,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">M. puberula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). It is also found very rarely on hosts of the section
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Blume, 1826" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1826" box="[262,398,1784,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Pachystemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[262,398,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Pachystemon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[473,639,1784,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aetheadenia">M. aetheadenia</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[654,754,1784,1808]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kingii">M. kingii</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[104,236,1819,1843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lamellata">M. lamellata</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[296,438,1819,1843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="motleyana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[296,438,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">M. motleyana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) in areas where the usual host species are absent (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fiala, B. & Jakob, A. & Maschwitz, U. & Linsenmair, K. E." box="[298,470,1854,1878]" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" pagination="305 - 331" part="66" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-" refString="Fiala, B., Jakob, A., Maschwitz, U. & Linsenmair, K. E. (1999). Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 66: 305 - 331. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1999. tb 01893. x" title="Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia" type="journal article" year="1999">Fiala et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="17.[104,758,1542,2017]" lastBlockId="17.[805,1459,131,363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">
|
|||
|
|
In parts of Borneo (Sabah) foundress association of unrelated individuals of this species have been found in areas with strong nest site limitation. These colonies stay polygynous even after emergence of workers and several queens may produce offspring (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Feldhaar, H. & Fiala, B. & Gadau, J." box="[1008,1231,131,155]" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" pagination="222 - 230" part="52" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s00040-004-0797-2" refString="Feldhaar, H., Fiala, B. & Gadau, J. (2005). A shift in colony founding behaviour in the obligate plant-ant Crematogaster (Decacrema) morphospecies 2. Insectes Sociaux, 52: 222 - 230. doi: 10.1007 / s 00040 - 004 - 0797 - 2" title="A shift in colony founding behaviour in the obligate plant-ant Crematogaster (Decacrema) morphospecies 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Feldhaar et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Virgin alate queens have been found to be parasitized by the phorid fly
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Trucidophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feldhaarae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Trucidophora feldhaarae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
while still inside the nest within the hollow stem of their host plant on Peninsula Malaysia (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Maschwitz, U. & Feldhaar, H. & Disney, R. H. L." journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" pagination="811 - 828" part="47" refString="Maschwitz, U., Feldhaar, H. & Disney, R. H. L. (2006). A virgin killer: The phorid Trucidophora feldhaarae sp. n. parasitizes female reproductives of obligate plant-ants of the genus Crematogaster (Diptera: Phoridae; Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Sociobiology, 47: 811 - 828." title="A virgin killer: The phorid Trucidophora feldhaarae sp. n. parasitizes female reproductives of obligate plant-ants of the genus Crematogaster (Diptera: Phoridae; Formicidae: Myrmicinae)" type="journal article" year="2006">Maschwitz et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In former publications by our group this species has been referred to as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[945,1099,305,328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis box="[945,1099,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="668">Crematogaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
msp. 2 (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fiala, B. & Jakob, A. & Maschwitz, U. & Linsenmair, K. E." box="[1185,1359,304,328]" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" pagination="305 - 331" part="66" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-" refString="Fiala, B., Jakob, A., Maschwitz, U. & Linsenmair, K. E. (1999). Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 66: 305 - 331. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1999. tb 01893. x" title="Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of a mutualistic ant-plant complex: Macaranga and Crematogaster in South East Asia" type="journal article" year="1999">Fiala et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Feldhaar, H. & Fiala, B. & Gadau, J. & Mohamed, M. & Maschwitz, U." journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" pagination="441 - 452" part="27" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/S1055-" refString="Feldhaar, H., Fiala, B., Gadau, J., Mohamed, M. & Maschwitz, U. (2003 a). Molecular phylogeny of Crematogaster subgenus Decacrema ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the colonization of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) trees. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 27: 441 - 452. doi: 10.1016 / S 1055 - 7903 (02) 00449 - 9" title="Molecular phylogeny of Crematogaster subgenus Decacrema ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the colonization of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) trees" type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Feldhaar et al., 2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Feldhaar, H. & Fiala, B. & Gadau, J." box="[943,1157,339,363]" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" pagination="222 - 230" part="52" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s00040-004-0797-2" refString="Feldhaar, H., Fiala, B. & Gadau, J. (2005). A shift in colony founding behaviour in the obligate plant-ant Crematogaster (Decacrema) morphospecies 2. Insectes Sociaux, 52: 222 - 230. doi: 10.1007 / s 00040 - 004 - 0797 - 2" title="A shift in colony founding behaviour in the obligate plant-ant Crematogaster (Decacrema) morphospecies 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Feldhaar et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Feldhaar, H. & Gadau, J. & Fiala, B." box="[1167,1378,339,363]" editor="M. Glaubrecht" journalOrPublisher="Berlin: Springer" pageId="17" pageNumber="668" pagination="193 - 213" refString="Feldhaar, H., Gadau, J. & Fiala, B. (2010). Speciation in obligately plant-associated Crematogaster ants: Hostdistribution rather than adaption towards specific hosts drives the process. In M. Glaubrecht & H. Schneider (Eds.), Evolution in action - Adaptive radiations and the origins of biodiversity (pp. 193 - 213). Berlin: Springer." title="Speciation in obligately plant-associated Crematogaster ants: Hostdistribution rather than adaption towards specific hosts drives the process" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Evolution in action" year="2010">Feldhaar et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|