treatments-xml/data/03/82/87/038287FDFFA4605869838BF9D37BFC23.xml

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<mods:title id="A68E41C7DC06271BB8945551BC86890B">A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8AD85FD4FA20A33314C6488F2DB4B107">Etheridge, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="46C242580ECEBD46722217118F31F70E">Queiroz, Kevin De</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038287FDFFA4605869838BF9D37BFC23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184977" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119387041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184977" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038287FDFFA4605869838BF9D37BFC23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287FDFFA4605869838BF9D37BFC23" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4605869838BF9D31CFF7C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838BF9D09FFF22" blockId="31.[151,491,151,177]" box="[151,491,151,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D0DC8187FFA4605869838BF9D09FFF22" bold="true" box="[151,491,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA4605869838BF9D09FFF22" ID-CoL="CDG9T" ID-ENA="52192" authority="Fitzinger 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,491,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838BF9D09FFF22" bold="true" box="[151,491,151,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838BF9D044FF22" bold="true" box="[151,304,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA4605868238BF9D09FFF22" author="Fitzinger" box="[311,491,151,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Fitizinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae. Baumuller und Seidel, Wien, 106 pp." type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger 1843</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838BB7D31CFF7C" blockId="31.[151,790,217,270]" box="[151,616,217,239]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Proposed standard English name: weapontails</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4605869838B96D262FE9D" box="[151,790,248,270]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838B96D262FE9D" blockId="31.[151,790,217,270]" box="[151,790,248,270]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Proposed standard Spanish name: lagartijas de cola armorizada</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4605869838A5ED049FE32" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838A5ED08DFEF6" blockId="31.[151,1436,304,417]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA4605869838A5ED093FED5" authority="Fitzinger (1843:78)" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,487,304,326]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838A5ED06CFED5" box="[151,280,304,326]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA46058680A8A5ED093FED5" author="Fitzinger" box="[286,487,304,326]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Fitizinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae. Baumuller und Seidel, Wien, 106 pp." type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger (1843:78)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="54908849FFA4605868E68A5FD350FED5" box="[498,548,305,326]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
species (by monotypy): 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586A348A5ED510FED5" authority="Fitzinger" authorityName="Fitzinger" box="[800,1124,304,326]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586A348A5ED28BFED5" box="[800,1023,304,326]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus spinosus</emphasis>
Fitzinger
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586D7B8A5ED427FED5" author="Boulenger" box="[1135,1363,304,326]" pageId="31" pageNumber="38" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History) II. Taylor and Francis, London, 497 pp." type="book" year="1885">Boulenger (1885:199)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586C4A8A5FD081FEF6" author="Peters" pageId="31" pageNumber="40" refString="Peters, J. A. &amp; Donoso-Barros, R. (1970) Catalogue of the neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and amphisbaenians. United States National Museum Bulletin, 297, 1 - 293." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters &amp; Donoso-Barros (1970:148)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838A03D049FE32" blockId="31.[151,1436,304,417]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA4605869838A03D372FE10" authority="Duges and Braconnier" authorityName="Duges and Braconnier" box="[151,518,365,387]" class="Squamata" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Pachycercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838A03D06CFE10" box="[151,280,365,387]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pachycercus</emphasis>
Dugès and Braconnier
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586B3F8A03D38FFE10" author="Dumeril" box="[555,763,365,387]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Dumeril, A. (1854) Essai d'application a la clase des reptiles d'une distribution par series paralleles et description d'un saurien type d'un genre nouveau dans le familie des iguaniens (le Pachycerque). Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, 6, 544 - 562." type="journal article" year="1854">Duméril (1854:558)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="54908849FFA460586A138A00D24DFE10" box="[775,825,366,387]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
species (by monotypy): 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586D288A03D049FE32" authority="Duges and Braconnier." authorityName="Duges and Braconnier." class="Squamata" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Pachycercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586D288A03D452FE10" box="[1084,1318,365,387]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pachycercus aculeatus</emphasis>
Dugès and Braconnier.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4605869838AA6D41CFD91" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838AA6D41CFD91" blockId="31.[151,1437,456,944]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838AA6D062FE72" bold="true" box="[151,278,456,481]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Definition.</emphasis>
The most inclusive crown clade exhibiting a depressed, short tail (tail length &lt;snout-vent length), with enlarged spiny scales dorsally and laterally, synapomorphic with that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586AAB8A85D410FD91" authority="Fitzinger 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[959,1380,490,515]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586AAB8A85D5C0FD90" box="[959,1204,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus spinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586DA88A84D410FD91" author="Fitzinger" box="[1212,1380,490,514]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Fitizinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae. Baumuller und Seidel, Wien, 106 pp." type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger 1843</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4605869D18965D58FFCD7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869D18965D513FCB2" blockId="31.[151,1437,456,944]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869D18965D04BFDB7" bold="true" box="[197,319,523,548]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A depressed, short tail (tail length &lt;snout-vent length), with enlarged spiny scales dorsally and laterally is unique to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586897895ED365FDDB" box="[387,529,560,584]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586897895ED365FDDB" box="[387,529,560,584]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among hoplocercines. Moreover, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586ABF895ED54DFDDB" box="[939,1081,560,584]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586ABF895ED54DFDDB" box="[939,1081,560,584]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586DF5895ED412FDDB" box="[1249,1382,560,584]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586DF5895ED412FDDB" box="[1249,1382,560,584]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Enyalioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586983893BD048FDFF" box="[151,316,597,620]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Morunasaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586983893BD048FDFF" box="[151,316,597,620]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Morunasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(character states in parentheses) in having the anterior opening of the Vidian canal on the ventral surface of the parabasisphenoid (anterior surface of the parabasisphenoid [dorsum sella] lateral to the sella turcica; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA46058698389F2D0C6FD27" author="Wiens" box="[151,434,668,692]" pageId="31" pageNumber="41" refString="Wiens, J. J. &amp; Etheridge, R. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships of hoplocercid lizards: Coding and combining meristic, morphometric, and polymorphic data using step matrices. Herpetologica, 59, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="2003">Wiens &amp; Etheridge 2003</bibRefCitation>
); a non-autotomic tail (autotomic; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586A2189F2D290FD27" author="Etheridge" box="[821,996,668,692]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Etheridge, R. (1967) Lizard caudal vertebrae. Copeia, 1967, 699 - 721." type="journal article" year="1967">Etheridge 1967</bibRefCitation>
); slender and rounded sacral diapophyses (robust and flattened; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA4605868D789D1D393FD44" author="Wiens" box="[451,743,703,727]" pageId="31" pageNumber="41" refString="Wiens, J. J. &amp; Etheridge, R. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships of hoplocercid lizards: Coding and combining meristic, morphometric, and polymorphic data using step matrices. Herpetologica, 59, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="2003">Wiens &amp; Etheridge 2003</bibRefCitation>
); and transverse processes of caudal vertebrae increasing in length from first to fourth caudal vertebra (decreasing in length throughout column; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586D78898AD4E5FD6F" author="Wiens" box="[1132,1425,740,764]" pageId="31" pageNumber="41" refString="Wiens, J. J. &amp; Etheridge, R. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships of hoplocercid lizards: Coding and combining meristic, morphometric, and polymorphic data using step matrices. Herpetologica, 59, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="2003">Wiens &amp; Etheridge 2003</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA4605869838866D051FCB3" box="[151,293,776,800]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838866D051FCB3" box="[151,293,776,800]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be further distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586BBC8867D239FCB3" box="[680,845,777,800]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Morunasaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586BBC8867D239FCB3" box="[680,845,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Morunasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a parietal eye.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869D18845D58FFCD7" blockId="31.[151,1437,456,944]" box="[197,1275,811,836]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869D18845D010FCD7" bold="true" box="[197,356,811,836]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Composition.</emphasis>
One currently recognized, extant species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586A558842D583FCD7" authority="Fitzinger 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[833,1271,812,836]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586A558842D542FCD7" box="[833,1078,812,836]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus spinosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586D518842D59BFCD7" author="Fitzinger" box="[1093,1263,812,836]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Fitizinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae. Baumuller und Seidel, Wien, 106 pp." type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger 1843</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4605869D3883ED37BFC23" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869D3883ED37BFC23" blockId="31.[151,1437,456,944]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869D3883ED04FFCFB" bold="true" box="[199,315,848,872]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586851883ED0A7FCFB" box="[325,467,848,872]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586851883ED0A7FCFB" box="[325,467,848,872]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sister taxon of all other hoplocercines (i.e., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586D31883ED5DDFCFB" box="[1061,1193,848,872]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Enyalioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586D31883ED5DDFCFB" box="[1061,1193,848,872]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Enyalioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA460586DF3883FD4F8FCFB" box="[1255,1420,849,872]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Morunasaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586DF3883FD4F8FCFB" box="[1255,1420,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Morunasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), from which it is estimated to have diverged roughly 35 million years ago (Mean = 34.64; HPD = 28.04–41.67; Torres-Carvajal &amp; de Queiroz 2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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