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<document id="1A9CE2DB077C32F33D1B8D990B917418" ID-CLB-Dataset="5916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3762.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4577eacc-752d-4eb7-bf1b-6585f03d7d6a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909357" ID-ZooBank="68E063AB-2C09-4FCA-8761-FBC73D562990" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623110906749" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Badano, Davide &amp; Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio" docDate="2014" docId="314A4C269C712A3DEFC15877FBC45F62" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03762p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3762 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Palpares libelluloides" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="CD73345E9C782A32EF565E3FFF865D20" masterDocTitle="The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1699002821961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="979AE7416A85998DAC2253F474C04AC4">The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F8B5728DE5C2925FE322022B184200E">Badano, Davide</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0084A1946CDA0180B70409529FFE2862" type="email">davide.badano@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="12FA9051899A540F1C9021177ECBB5D4">Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2997BFCB9D90F94B97F26027E18EE3B8">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="314A4C269C712A3DEFC15877FBC45F62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909371" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183227284" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909371" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C712A3DEFC15877FBC45F62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/314A4C269C712A3DEFC15877FBC45F62" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C712A3BEFC15877FDF75B43" box="[151,625,1608,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C712A3BEFC15877FDF75B43" blockId="9.[151,625,1608,1668]" box="[151,625,1608,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="E2144A5C9C712A3BEFC15877FDF75B43" bold="true" box="[151,625,1608,1635]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C712A3BEFC15877FDF75B43" ID-CoL="4C6PT" authority="(Linnaeus, 1764)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1764" box="[151,625,1608,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libelluloides">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C712A3BEFC15877FDF75B43" bold="true" box="[151,625,1608,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C712A3BEFC15877FE1C5B42" bold="true" box="[151,410,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Palpares libelluloides</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1764)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C712A3BEFC15854FF595AA0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C712A3BEFC15854FEA05BA4" blockId="9.[151,625,1608,1668]" box="[151,294,1643,1668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
(
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C712A3BEFC95854FE855BA4" box="[159,259,1643,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1450,1472]" captionTargetBox="[232,1359,418,1426]" captionTargetId="figure-231@9.[224,1363,411,1426]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. IX and VIII abdominal sternite of 3rd instar larvae of Palparini, Myrmecaelurini, Nesoleontini and Acanthaclisini. A, Palpares libelluloides; B, Myrmecaelurus trigrammus; C, Cueta beieri; D, Cueta lineosa; E, Acanthaclisis occitanica; F, Synclisis baetica. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909365/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C712A3BEE585854FE9B5BA4" box="[270,285,1643,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[219,1368,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C712A3BEFC1588CFF595AA0" blockId="9.[151,1436,1715,1920]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Despite the wide distribution and striking appearance of this species, the original descriptions and reports of its larva are surprisingly rare. The larva was described and illustrated for the first time by
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C712A3BEB3958E7FA885BD0" author="Brauer, F." box="[1135,1294,1751,1776]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="463 - 472" refId="ref38958" refString="Brauer, F. (1854) Beitrage zur Kenntniss des inneren Baues und der Verwandlung der Neuropteren. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 4, 463 - 472." type="journal article" year="1854">Brauer (1854)</bibRefCitation>
and later by
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C712A3BEFC158C3FEB55A34" author="Hagen, H. A." box="[151,307,1787,1812]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="377 - 398" refId="ref39945" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1873) Die Larven von Myrmeleon. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 34, 249 - 295, 377 - 398." type="journal article" year="1873">Hagen (1873)</bibRefCitation>
and Redtenbcher (1884). Following descriptions are mostly based on these older accounts (
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C712A3BEA1C58C4FF545A18" author="Steffan, J. R." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="383 - 410" refId="ref42526" refString="Steffan, J. R. (1975) Les larves de Fourmilions [Planipennes: Myrmeleontidae] de la faune de France. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N. S.), 11, 383 - 410." type="journal article" year="1975">Steffan 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C712A3BEFB45920FE5B5A18" author="Gepp, J. &amp; Holzel, H." box="[226,477,1823,1848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref39844" refString="Gepp, J. &amp; Holzel, H. (1989) Ameisenlowen und Ameisenjungfern. Myrmeleonidae. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei 589. A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg Lutherstadt, 108 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19900370105" type="book" year="1989">Gepp &amp; Hölzel 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C712A3BEEBB5920FDF65A18" author="Gepp, J." box="[493,624,1823,1848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref39801" refString="Gepp, J. (2010) Ameisenlowen und Ameisenjungfern. Myrmeleontidae. Eine weltweite Betrachtung unter besonderer Berucksichtigung Mitteleuropas. 3., neubearbeitete Auflage. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei 589. Westarp Wissenschaften- Verlagsgesellschaft, Hohenwarsleben, Germany, 168 pp." type="book" year="2010">Gepp 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C712A3BEDD65920FCE65A18" author="Krivokhatsky, V. A." box="[640,864,1823,1848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref40265" refString="Krivokhatsky, V. A. (2011) Antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Russia. KMK, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 334 pp." type="book" year="2011">Krivokhatsky 2011</bibRefCitation>
). In the past, the larva of this species was often confused with the equally unmistakable larvae of
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C712A3BED89597CFC075A7C" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[735,897,1859,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Acanthaclisini">Acanthaclisini</taxonomicName>
simply for their large dimensions (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C712A3BEA00597CFF555AA0" author="Navas, L." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref41269" refString="Navas, L. (1923) Fauna de Catalunya. Entomologia de Catalunya. Neuropters. Fascicle I. Neuropters Propis. Publicacions de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans, seccio de Ciencies, Barcelona, Spain, 270 pp." type="book" year="1923">Navás 1923</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="ED9CADB89C722A38EFC15823FC775B4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909369/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,249,1564,1586]" targetBox="[231,1357,197,1529]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C722A38EFC15823FC775B4F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1560,1647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EFC15823FE975B11" bold="true" box="[151,273,1564,1586]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
IX and VIII abdominal sternite of 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C722A38ED2A5827FD0E5B05" attach="left" box="[636,648,1560,1573]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">rd</superScript>
instar larva of
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C722A38EC495823FC3E5B12" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1899" box="[799,952,1564,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dendroleontini">Dendroleontini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C722A38ECBE5823FBF15B12" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1911" box="[1000,1143,1564,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoleontini">Nemoleontini</taxonomicName>
. A,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C722A38EBC85823FA135B12" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[1182,1429,1564,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EBC85823FA135B12" box="[1182,1429,1564,1586]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dendroleon pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C722A38EFEF5805FEF05B70" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[185,374,1594,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Nemoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notatus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EFEF5805FEF05B70" box="[185,374,1594,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nemoleon notatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C722A38EEFD5805FD3F5B70" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[427,697,1594,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Distoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetragrammicus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EEFD5805FD3F5B70" box="[427,697,1594,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distoleon tetragrammicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C722A38EDB95805FC575B70" baseAuthorityName="Villers" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[751,977,1594,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Creoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugdunensis">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EDB95805FC575B70" box="[751,977,1594,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Creoleon lugdunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C722A38EB525805FB545B70" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1028,1234,1594,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Neuroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EB525805FB545B70" box="[1028,1234,1594,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Neuroleon assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; F,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C722A38EA545804FEB45B4F" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1807" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Macronemurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EA545804FEB45B4F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronemurus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; G,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C722A38EE0D5865FD945B4F" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[347,530,1625,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Megistopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EE0D5865FD945B4F" box="[347,530,1625,1647]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megistopus lucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; H,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C722A38ED685866FCBE5B4F" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[574,824,1625,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38ED685866FCBE5B4F" box="[574,824,1625,1647]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gymnocnemia variegata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C722A38EF9158A9FBC85A1F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C722A38EF9158A9FBC85A1F" blockId="10.[151,1439,1686,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EF9158A9FE4C5B8F" bold="true" box="[199,458,1686,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Examined specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C722A38EE8558A9FA1D5B8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215363" box="[467,1435,1686,1711]" collectingDate="1985-09" collectorName="J. M. Maldes &amp; B. Michel" country="France" location="Les Bernayves" municipality="Aniane" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EE8558A9FDA85B8F" bold="true" box="[467,558,1686,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="C1F4BDA09C722A38EE8558A9FDAF5B8F" box="[467,553,1686,1711]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C722A38ED6158A9FD0E5B8F" box="[567,648,1686,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aniane</collectingMunicipality>
44,
<location id="BC3CABEB9C722A38EDE858A8FCEF5B8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C712A3DEFC15877FBC45F62:BC3CABEB9C722A38EDE858A8FCEF5B8F" box="[702,873,1687,1711]" country="France" municipality="Aniane" name="Les Bernayves" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Les Bernayves</location>
,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C722A38EC2058A9FC545B8F" box="[886,978,1686,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1985-09">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C722A38EC2058A9FC545B8F" box="[886,978,1686,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1985-09">IX.1985</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38ECB058A9FB065B8F" box="[998,1152,1686,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">J. M. Maldes</collectorName>
), 2 L3 (coll.
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38EA4A58A8FA145B8F" box="[1308,1426,1686,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. Michel</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C722A38EFC15885FE055BD7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215358" collectingDate="1908-05" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Mantero" country="Italy" location="Genova" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Liguria">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EFC15885FF525BF3" bold="true" box="[151,212,1722,1747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingCountry id="C1F4BDA09C722A38EFC15885FF565BF3" box="[151,208,1722,1747]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C722A38EF8B5885FEB45BF3" box="[221,306,1722,1747]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Liguria</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="BC3CABEB9C722A38EE695885FE1F5BF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C712A3DEFC15877FBC45F62:BC3CABEB9C722A38EE695885FE1F5BF3" box="[319,409,1722,1747]" country="Italy" name="Genova" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Liguria">Genova</location>
, terrapieni or. (= oriental banks),
<date id="CD5DDBF09C722A38EC4D5885FCEC5BF3" box="[795,874,1722,1747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1908-05">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C722A38EC4D5885FCEC5BF3" box="[795,874,1722,1747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1908-05">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C722A38EC4D5885FCB65BF3" box="[795,816,1722,1747]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.1908
</collectingDate>
</date>
(G.
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38ECC85885FB875BF3" box="[926,1025,1722,1747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mantero</collectorName>
), 1 L3 (coll.
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38EBCE5884FB625BF2" box="[1176,1252,1723,1746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Museo</collectorName>
civico di
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38EA0F5885FA1D5BF3" box="[1369,1435,1722,1747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Storia</collectorName>
naturale “G.
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38EE7C58E1FEF75BD7" box="[298,369,1758,1783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Doria</collectorName>
”)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C722A38EEC458E1FE145A3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215303" collectingDate="2010-07" collectorName="D. Badano" country="Italy" location="Imperia" municipality="Cipressa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Liguria">
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C722A38EEC458E1FE615BD7" box="[402,487,1758,1783]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Liguria</collectingRegion>
, 5 L1 laboratory-reared from a female collected at
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C722A38EB1758E1FB245BD7" box="[1089,1186,1758,1783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cipressa</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="BC3CABEB9C722A38EBE258E1FA975BD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C712A3DEFC15877FBC45F62:BC3CABEB9C722A38EBE258E1FA975BD7" box="[1204,1297,1758,1783]" country="Italy" municipality="Cipressa" name="Imperia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Liguria">Imperia</location>
), scrubland,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C722A38EFC1593DFF7A5A3B" box="[151,252,1794,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-07">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C722A38EFC1593DFF7A5A3B" box="[151,252,1794,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-07">VII.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38EE5B593DFE0F5A3B" box="[269,393,1794,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D. Badano</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C722A38EECA593DFF505A1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215347" collectingDate="2011-06" collectionCode="VI" collectorName="D. Badano" country="Italy" location="Imperia" municipality="Perinaldo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Liguria">
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C722A38EECA593DFE775A3B" box="[412,497,1794,1819]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Liguria</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C722A38EEAB593DFDEE5A3B" box="[509,616,1794,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Perinaldo</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="BC3CABEB9C722A38ED21593DFD525A3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C712A3DEFC15877FBC45F62:BC3CABEB9C722A38ED21593DFD525A3B" box="[631,724,1794,1819]" country="Italy" municipality="Perinaldo" name="Imperia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Liguria">Imperia</location>
), olive grove soil,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C722A38ECF5593DFC785A3B" box="[931,1022,1794,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2011-06">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C722A38ECF5593DFC785A3B" box="[931,1022,1794,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2011-06">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C722A38ECF5593DFC445A3B" box="[931,962,1794,1819]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">VI</collectionCode>
.2011
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38EB59593DFB0D5A3B" box="[1039,1163,1794,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D. Badano</collectorName>
), 1 L1 laboratory-reared to L2
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C722A38EFB75919FBCC5A1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215382" box="[225,1098,1830,1855]" collectingDate="1994-03" collectorName="Stornelli &amp; G. Osella" country="Italy" location="L'Aquila" municipality="Cerchio" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abruzzo">
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C722A38EFB75919FEC25A1F" box="[225,324,1830,1855]" country="Italy" name="Abruzzo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Abruzzo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C722A38EE195919FE2E5A1F" box="[335,424,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cerchio</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="BC3CABEB9C722A38EEE15919FDA75A1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C712A3DEFC15877FBC45F62:BC3CABEB9C722A38EEE15919FDA75A1F" box="[439,545,1830,1855]" country="Italy" municipality="Cerchio" name="L'Aquila" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Abruzzo">L’Aquila</location>
),
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38ED655918FD1D5A1F" box="[563,667,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Le Coste</collectorName>
,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C722A38EDF05919FC875A1F" box="[678,769,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1994-03">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C722A38EDF05919FC875A1F" box="[678,769,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1994-03">III.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38EC595919FCF75A1F" box="[783,881,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stornelli</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="141698E69C722A38ECC35919FB865A1F" box="[917,1024,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G. Osella</collectorName>
), 1 L3
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C722A3DEF915972FB9D5C3D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C722A39EF915972FE6B5CF0" blockId="10.[151,1439,1686,2038]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C722A38EF915972FDB55A46" bold="true" box="[199,563,1866,1894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Description of 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C722A38EEDE5975FE115A78" attach="left" box="[392,407,1866,1880]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">rd</superScript>
instar larva.
</emphasis>
Size (based on
<specimenCount id="AFE536B99C722A38EDBD5972FCFA5A46" box="[747,892,1869,1894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
): BL
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C722A38ECEA5972FBB55A45" box="[956,1075,1869,1894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.189" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="21.89">21.89 mm</quantity>
; HL
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C722A38EB3B5972FB555A45" box="[1133,1235,1869,1894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.50 mm</quantity>
(5.15–5.85), HW
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C722A38EFC1594EFF7B5AA9" box="[151,253,1905,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.46" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.46">5.46 mm</quantity>
(5.36–5.57), ML
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C722A38EE9A594EFDB45AA9" box="[460,562,1905,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.54">5.54 mm</quantity>
(5.33–5.95), HW/HL 0.99, ML/HL 1.01. General colouring brown with not contrasting darker markings, ventral side very pale, whitish; head capsule brown, lateral sides with large markings, ventral side of the head pale brown with dark margins, isolated brown spots are disposed at the insertion of bristles (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C722A38EFC959E2FF735AD6" box="[159,245,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[219,1368,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7h</figureCitation>
); mandibles black; legs pale; setae of the body black. Head quadrate, as long as wide, with large ocular tubercles (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C732A39EE5A5EA8FED85D90" box="[268,350,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[219,1368,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
); margin of the labrum with a pronounced median incision (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C732A39EB505EA8FBDC5D90" box="[1030,1114,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[219,1368,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
); dorsal surface with a ridge starting at the very deep tentorial pit and ending laterally with a pair of tubercles (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C732A39EB1A5E83FB1D5DF5" box="[1100,1179,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[219,1368,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7i</figureCitation>
); mandibles robust, as long as the head capsule; median tooth larger than the other teeth, median and apical mandibular teeth closer than the median and basal teeth (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C732A39EE9B5F3BFD985C3D" box="[461,542,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[219,1368,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
); interdental mandibular setae extremely short: (~5)(3–4)(0)(0); a series of stout setae is distributed on the external margin of the mandibles; head surface covered by pale dolichasters. Pronotum with 4 dorsal parallel series of stout setae; mesothoracic spiracles pale on a short tubercle, surrounded by black hairs; first pair of thoracic setiferous processes (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C732A39EDEC5F50FC8D5CA8" box="[698,779,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[219,1368,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7e</figureCitation>
) with forward directed tuft of black setae at its base (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C732A39EA385F50FF305C8D" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[219,1368,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7d</figureCitation>
). Abdominal spiracles large and dark. VIII abdominal sternite with large odontoid processes (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C732A39EA5B5FABFAE35C8D" box="[1293,1381,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[219,1368,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Fig.
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C732A39EA105FABFAE35C8D" box="[1350,1381,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
); IX sternite with fossoria (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C732A39EEC75F88FE665CF0" box="[401,480,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-44@14.[219,1368,193,1961]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="ED9CADB89C732A39EFC159AFFC775AC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909373/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,249,1936,1958]" targetBox="[241,1323,508,1908]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C732A39EFC159AFFC775AC3" blockId="11.[151,1436,1932,2019]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C732A39EFC159AFFE935A85" bold="true" box="[151,277,1936,1958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Pronotum of 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C732A39EEEF59B3FE425AB9" attach="left" box="[441,452,1932,1945]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">rd</superScript>
instar larvae of
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C732A39ED2E59AFFC975A86" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1899" box="[632,785,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dendroleontini">Dendroleontini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C732A39EC1F59AFFC5E5A86" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1911" box="[841,984,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoleontini">Nemoleontini</taxonomicName>
; A,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C732A39EB5E59AFFA855A86" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[1032,1283,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C732A39EB5E59AFFA855A86" box="[1032,1283,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dendroleon pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C732A39EA6359AFFF645AE4" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Nemoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notatus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C732A39EA6359AFFF645AE4" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nemoleon notatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C732A39EE7F5991FDC65AE4" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[297,576,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Distoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetragrammicus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C732A39EE7F5991FDC65AE4" box="[297,576,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distoleon tetragrammicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C732A39EDDF5991FCF25AE4" baseAuthorityName="Villers" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[649,884,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Creoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugdunensis">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C732A39EDDF5991FCF25AE4" box="[649,884,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Creoleon lugdunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C732A39ECEC5991FB465AE4" baseAuthorityName="Borkhausen" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[954,1216,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Neuroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemausiensis">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C732A39ECEC5991FB465AE4" box="[954,1216,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Neuroleon nemausiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; F,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C732A39EA545990FEB45AC3" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1807" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Macronemurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C732A39EA545990FEB45AC3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macronemurus appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; G,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C732A39EE0D59F1FD945AC3" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[347,530,1997,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Megistopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucasi">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C732A39EE0D59F1FD945AC3" box="[347,530,1997,2019]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Megistopus lucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; H,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C732A39ED6859F2FCBE5AC3" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[574,824,1997,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C732A39ED6859F2FCBE5AC3" box="[574,824,1997,2019]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gymnocnemia variegata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ED9CADB89C742A3EEFC159BEFD455AF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909377" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909377/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,249,1921,1943]" targetBox="[224,1351,211,1896]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C742A3EEFC159BEFD455AF4" blockId="12.[151,1436,1918,2004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C742A3EEFC159BEFE945AB6" bold="true" box="[151,274,1921,1943]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Head of 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C742A3EEE285941FE0C5AAB" attach="left" box="[382,394,1918,1931]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">rd</superScript>
instar larvae of
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C742A3EED7959BEFD4F5AB7" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[559,713,1921,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myrmeleontini">Myrmeleontini</taxonomicName>
, ventral view; A,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C742A3EECD659BEFBF65AB7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[896,1136,1921,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formicarius">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C742A3EECD659BEFBF65AB7" box="[896,1136,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Myrmeleon formicarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C742A3EEBCA59BEFAF15AB7" box="[1180,1399,1921,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerlindae">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C742A3EEBCA59BEFAF15AB7" box="[1180,1399,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Myrmeleon gerlindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C742A3EEFC159A0FEF85A95" authorityName="Pantaleoni &amp; Badano" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,382,1951,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punicanus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C742A3EEFC159A0FEF85A95" box="[151,382,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Myrmeleon punicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C742A3EEEE359A0FDE65A95" baseAuthorityName="Tjeder" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[437,608,1951,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bore">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C742A3EEEE359A0FDE65A95" box="[437,608,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Myrmeleon bore</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C742A3EEDC359A0FC1E5A95" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[661,920,1951,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inconspicuus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C742A3EEDC359A0FC1E5A95" box="[661,920,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Myrmeleon inconspicuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; F,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C742A3EEC9F59A0FB735A95" authorityName="Pantaleoni, Cesaroni &amp; Nicoli Aldini" authorityYear="2010" box="[969,1269,1951,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariaemathildae">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C742A3EEC9F59A0FB735A95" box="[969,1269,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Myrmeleon mariaemathildae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; G,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C742A3EEA7F59A0FF6B5AF4" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C742A3EEA7F59A0FF6B5AF4" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Myrmeleon hyalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; H,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C742A3EEE4F5981FE6B5AF4" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[281,493,1982,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C742A3EEE4F5981FE6B5AF4" box="[281,493,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Myrmeleon fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; I,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C742A3EED595981FD3B5AF4" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" box="[527,701,1982,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Euroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nostras">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C742A3EED595981FD3B5AF4" box="[527,701,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Euroleon nostras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ED9CADB89C752A3FEFC159B9FC765AF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909381/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,249,1926,1948]" targetBox="[245,1291,199,1896]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C752A3FEFC159B9FC765AF9" blockId="13.[151,1436,1923,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C752A3FEFC159B9FE945ABB" bold="true" box="[151,274,1926,1948]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
IX abdominal sternite of 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C752A3FED7259BCFDA95AB0" attach="left" box="[548,559,1923,1936]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">rd</superScript>
instar larvae of
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C752A3FED8259B9FCE85ABC" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[724,878,1926,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myrmeleontini">Myrmeleontini</taxonomicName>
, ventral view; A,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C752A3FEB7559B9FB7B5ABC" box="[1059,1277,1926,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gerlindae">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C752A3FEB7559B9FB7B5ABC" box="[1059,1277,1926,1948]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Myrmeleon gerlindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C752A3FEA7F59B9FF795A9B" authorityName="Pantaleoni &amp; Badano" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punicanus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C752A3FEA7F59B9FF795A9B" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Myrmeleon punicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C752A3FEE7B599AFD995A9B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[301,543,1957,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formicarius">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C752A3FEE7B599AFD995A9B" box="[301,543,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Myrmeleon formicarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C752A3FED19599AFD715A9B" baseAuthorityName="Tjeder" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[591,759,1957,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bore">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C752A3FED19599AFD715A9B" box="[591,759,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Myrmeleon bore</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C752A3FEC73599AFBA35A9B" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[805,1061,1957,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inconspicuus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C752A3FEC73599AFBA35A9B" box="[805,1061,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Myrmeleon inconspicuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; F,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C752A3FEB19599AFAF15A9B" authorityName="Pantaleoni, Cesaroni &amp; Nicoli Aldini" authorityYear="2010" box="[1103,1399,1957,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariaemathildae">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C752A3FEB19599AFAF15A9B" box="[1103,1399,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Myrmeleon mariaemathildae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; G,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C752A3FEFC159FBFEE05AFA" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1811" box="[151,358,1988,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C752A3FEFC159FBFEE05AFA" box="[151,358,1988,2010]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Myrmeleon hyalinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; H,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C752A3FEEC459FBFDE05AFA" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[402,614,1988,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C752A3FEEC459FBFDE05AFA" box="[402,614,1988,2010]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Myrmeleon fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; I,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C752A3FEDDE59FBFCB15AF9" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" box="[648,823,1988,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Euroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nostras">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C752A3FEDDE59FBFCB15AF9" box="[648,823,1988,2010]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Euroleon nostras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ED9CADB89C762A3CEFC159FEFC115AD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909385" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909385/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,249,1985,2007]" targetBox="[228,1353,204,1951]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C762A3CEFC159FEFC115AD6" blockId="14.[151,1436,1982,2038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C762A3CEFC159FEFE975AF7" bold="true" box="[151,273,1985,2007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C762A3CEE4159FEFD2E5AF7" authority="(Linnaeus, 1764)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1764" box="[279,680,1985,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libelluloides">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C762A3CEE4159FEFE725AF7" box="[279,500,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Palpares libelluloides</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1764)
</taxonomicName>
, 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C762A3CEDE95981FD4D5AEB" attach="left" box="[703,715,1982,1995]" fontSize="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">rd</superScript>
instar larva (France: Hérault, Aniane). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–i: diagnostic characters, see species description.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C772A3DEF915EA8FB9D5C3D" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEF915EA8FED15D90" bold="true" box="[199,343,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bio-ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C772A3DEE095EA6FD805D90" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1764" box="[351,518,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libelluloides">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEE095EA6FD805D90" box="[351,518,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. libelluloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is associated with open and warm but not excessively arid environments such as grasslands, scrublands, meadows and glades. The larvae live in soil of the biotopes frequented by the adults, buried into vegetal debris and gravel among roots and stones. This species appear to prefer a coarse substratum and it is normally absent from sites with the presence of fine sand, such as coastal dunes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C772A3DEF915F18FCF75C60" box="[199,881,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C772A3DEF915F18FCF75C60" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,578]" box="[199,881,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEF915F18FEE65C60" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
Widespread species in the western Palaearctic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C772A3DEF915F71FBC45F62" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C772A3DEF915F71FBC45F62" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEF915F71FEBD5C47" bold="true" box="[199,315,334,359]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
The 1
<superScript id="4E9650789C772A3DEED15F74FE175C79" attach="left" box="[391,401,331,345]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">st</superScript>
instar larva of
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C772A3DED135F71FD2F5C47" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[581,681,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DED135F71FD2F5C47" box="[581,681,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Palpares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows remarkable differences from the later stages: the odontoid processes of the VIII sternite are noticeably smaller and the IX sternite is equipped with rastra bearing 4 digging setae. Nevertheless, the 1
<superScript id="4E9650789C772A3DEE915FAAFE575C83" attach="left" box="[455,465,405,419]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">st</superScript>
instar larva of
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C772A3DEDC15FA6FD7D5C92" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[663,763,409,434]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEDC15FA6FD7D5C92" box="[663,763,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Palpares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is equally unmistakable from other antlions due to the combination of prominent ocular tubercles, the median mandibular tooth largest and presence of thoracic pedunculated setiferous processes. In the Iberian Peninsula
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C772A3DEC095FDDFB8A5CDA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1764" box="[863,1036,481,506]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libelluloides">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEC095FDDFB8A5CDA" box="[863,1036,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. libelluloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with the only other European congener,
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C772A3DEE295C39FD1A5F3E" authority="Hagen, 1860" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1860" box="[383,668,517,542]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEE295C39FD865F3E" box="[383,512,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. hispanus</emphasis>
Hagen, 1860
</taxonomicName>
; the larva of the latter is not adequately known and the old existing descriptions are unconfirmed or misidentifications (
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C772A3DED8C5C16FCE15F62" author="Hagen, H. A." box="[730,871,553,578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="377 - 398" refId="ref39945" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1873) Die Larven von Myrmeleon. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 34, 249 - 295, 377 - 398." type="journal article" year="1873">Hagen 1873</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C772A3DEC255C16FBB35F62" author="McLachlan, R." box="[883,1077,553,578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="444 - 451" refId="ref41050" refString="McLachlan, R. (1873) Neuropterologisches. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 34, 444 - 451." type="journal article" year="1873">McLachlan 1873</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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