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<mods:title id="170DEDEE9D5ED4B53C7D56D8AFCC722C">A revision of the Aphodiini genus Cnemargulus Semenov, 1903 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae)</mods:title>
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<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFBFF9BFEB9F891FD955174" author="Semenov, A. P." box="[350,568,1848,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="353 - 357" refId="ref6144" refString="Semenov, A. P. 1903. Coleoptera nova faunae turanicae. II. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 3: 353 - 357." type="journal article" year="1903">Semenov 1903: 354</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFBFF9BFDA2F891FCB35174" author="Jacobson, F. V. S." box="[581,798,1848,1870]" page="315" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFBFF9BFDA2F891FCB35174" author="Jacobson, F. V. S." box="[581,798,1848,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="312 - 315" refId="ref5801" refString="Jacobson, F. V. S. 1906. Revue critico-bibliographique. Kolbe. H. J. Ueber die Lebensweise und die geographische Verbreitung der coprophagen Lamellicornien. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 6: 312 - 315." type="journal article" year="1906">Jacobson 1906: 315</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFBFF9BFCCDF891FC545177" author="Schmidt, A." box="[810,1017,1848,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref6019" refString="Schmidt, A. 1910 a. Coleoptera Lamellicornia Aphodiinae. P. 1 - 155. In: Wytsman P.: Genera Insectorum. 110. Tervuren." type="book chapter" year="1910">Schmidt 1910a: 13</bibRefCitation>
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(as junior synonym of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFBFF9BFA8AF891FEAF5150" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFBFF9BFA8AF891FEAF5150" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Cnemisus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFBFF9BFEF0F8FCFE7A5150" author="Schmidt, A." box="[279,471,1877,1899]" page="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFBFF9BFEF0F8FCFE7A5150" author="Schmidt, A." box="[279,471,1877,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref6049" refString="Schmidt, A. 1910 b. Aphodiinae. Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. Berlin 20: 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1910">Schmidt 1910b: 4</bibRefCitation>
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(as junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFBFF9BFD31F8FCFCEF5150" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1868" box="[726,834,1877,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFBFF9BFD31F8FCFCEF5150" box="[726,834,1877,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Cnemisus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFBFF9BFCB0F8FCFB855150" author="Schmidt, A." box="[855,1064,1877,1899]" page="344" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFBFF9BFCB0F8FCFB855150" author="Schmidt, A." box="[855,1064,1877,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" refId="ref6079" refString="Schmidt, A. 1922. Coleoptera Aphodiinae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 45. W. de Gruyter and Co.; Berlin &amp; Leipzig. 614 p." type="book" year="1922">Schmidt 1922: 344</bibRefCitation>
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(as junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFBFF9BFAC1F8FCFA3F5150" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1868" box="[1318,1426,1877,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFBFF9BFAC1F8FCFA3F5150" box="[1318,1426,1877,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Cnemisus</emphasis>
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); 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFBFF9BFF26F8DBFD9651BD" author="Semenov, A. P. &amp; S. I. Medvedev" box="[193,571,1906,1928]" page="183" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFBFF9BFF26F8DBFD9651BD" author="Semenov, A. P. &amp; S. I. Medvedev" box="[193,571,1906,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="181 - 185" refId="ref6168" refString="Semenov, A. P., and S. I. Medvedev. 1927. De tribus novis Coprophagorum speciebus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) e tesquis Rossiae meridionalis. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 21 (3 - 4): 181 - 185." type="journal article" year="1927">Semenov and Medvedev 1927: 183</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFBFF9BFDA1F8DBFCB251B2" author="Winkler, A." box="[582,799,1906,1928]" page="1059" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFBFF9BFDA1F8DBFCB251B2" author="Winkler, A." box="[582,799,1906,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" refId="ref6213" refString="Winkler, A. 1929. Catalogus Coleopterorum Regionis Palaearcticae (1924 - 1932). Scarabaeidae. p. 1009 - 1136. A. Winkler; Wien 9. 1698 p." type="book" year="1929">Winkler 1929: 1059</bibRefCitation>
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(as junior synonym of 
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<emphasis id="77869A47FFFBFF9BFBFEF8DBFB2851BD" box="[1049,1157,1906,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Cnemisus</emphasis>
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); 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFBFF9BFB7EF8DBFAD751BD" author="Balthasar, V." box="[1177,1402,1906,1928]" page="471" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFBFF9BFB7EF8DBFAD751BD" author="Balthasar, V." box="[1177,1402,1906,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" refId="ref5378" refString="Balthasar, V. 1964. Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Band 3. Aphodiidae. Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; Prague. 652 p." type="book" year="1964">Balthasar 1964: 471</bibRefCitation>
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(as subgenus of 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFEA1FF70FE1F56D4" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1868" box="[326,434,217,238]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFEA1FF70FE1F56D4" box="[326,434,217,238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemisus</emphasis>
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); 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFE21FF70FCEE56D4" author="Medvedev, S. I. &amp; L. M. Nikritin" box="[454,835,217,239]" page="1881" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFE21FF70FCEE56D4" author="Medvedev, S. I. &amp; L. M. Nikritin" box="[454,835,217,239]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1881 - 1882" refId="ref5862" refString="Medvedev, S. I., and L. M. Nikritin. 1971. [Once more about the independence of the genus Cnemargulus Sem. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) and its difference from the genus Cnemisus Motsch.] Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 50: 1881 - 1882." type="journal article" year="1971">Medvedev and Nikritin 1971: 1881</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFCAAFF70FBBA56D4" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[845,1047,217,239]" page="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFCAAFF70FBBA56D4" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[845,1047,217,239]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="39 - 41" refId="ref5913" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. 1979. Novyi vid plastinchatousykh triby Aphodiini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) iz srednej Azii i ego sistematicheskoe polozhenie. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademii Nauk SSSR 88: 39 - 41." type="journal article" year="1979">Nikolajev 1979: 41</bibRefCitation>
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(as junior synonym of the 
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<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFAD1FF70FA0D56D4" box="[1334,1440,217,238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Aphodius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFEC9FF5FFE095731" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[302,420,246,267]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mendidius">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFEC9FF5FFE095731" box="[302,420,246,267]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Mendidius</emphasis>
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); 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFE5DFF5FFDD05736" author="Pittino, R." box="[442,637,246,268]" page="306" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFE5DFF5FFDD05736" author="Pittino, R." box="[442,637,246,268]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="267 - 359" refId="ref5988" refString="Pittino, R. 1984. Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea: a revision of the family Aphodiidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 6: 267 - 359." type="journal article" year="1984">Pittino 1984: 306</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFD6FFF5FFCCE5731" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[648,867,246,268]" page="121" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFD6FFF5FFCCE5731" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[648,867,246,268]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref5954" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. 1987. Plastinchatousye zhuki (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) Kazakhstana i Srednej Azii. Instituta Zoologii, Akademiya Nauk Kazakhskoj SSR; Alma Ata. 232 p." type="book" year="1987">Nikolajev 1987: 121</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as junior synonym of the 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFB6DFF5FFB595731" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1789" box="[1162,1268,246,267]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFB6DFF5FFB595731" box="[1162,1268,246,267]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Aphodius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFA8FFF5EFEAB5712" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mendidius">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFA8FFF5EFEAB5712" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Mendidius</emphasis>
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); 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFEFAFEBAFE525713" author="Dellacasa, M." box="[285,511,275,297]" page="401" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFEFAFEBAFE525713" author="Dellacasa, M." box="[285,511,275,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 455" refId="ref5585" refString="Dellacasa, M. 1988. Contribution to a world-wide catalogue of Aegialiidae Aphodiidae Aulonocnemidae Termitotrogidae. Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana 66 [1987]: 1 - 455" type="journal article" year="1988">Dellacasa 1988: 401</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFDEBFEBAFD4F5713" author="Dellacasa, G." box="[524,738,275,297]" page="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFDEBFEBAFD4F5713" author="Dellacasa, G." box="[524,738,275,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="19 - 30" refId="ref5414" refString="Dellacasa, G. 1990. The genera Apsteiniella, Cnemargulus, Cnemisus and their type species (Scarabaeoidea Aphodiidae). Frustula entomologica n. s. 13 (26): 19 - 30." type="journal article" year="1990">Dellacasa 1990: 22</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFD08FEBAFC685713" author="Dellacasa, G." box="[751,965,275,297]" page="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFD08FEBAFC685713" author="Dellacasa, G." box="[751,965,275,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="35 - 42" refId="ref5451" refString="Dellacasa, G. 1994. Genus Mothon and other mendidiform genus-group taxa (Coleoptera, Aphodiidae). Frustula entomologica n. s. 17 (30): 35 - 42." type="journal article" year="1994">Dellacasa 1994: 39</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFC35FEBAFB585713" author="Dellacasa, G. &amp; P. Bordat &amp; M. Dellacasa" box="[978,1269,275,297]" page="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFC35FEBAFB585713" author="Dellacasa, G. &amp; P. Bordat &amp; M. Dellacasa" box="[978,1269,275,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 482" refId="ref5485" refString="Dellacasa, G., P. Bordat, and M. Dellacasa. 2001. A revisional essay of world genus-group taxa of Aphodiinae (Coleoptera Aphodiidae). Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana 79 [2000]: 1 - 482." type="journal article" year="2001">Dellacasa et al. 2001: 119</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFAE5FEBAFE0C577C" author="Dellacasa, M. &amp; G. Dellacasa" page="140" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFAE5FEBAFE0C577C" author="Dellacasa, M. &amp; G. Dellacasa" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="105 - 143" refId="ref5615" refString="Dellacasa, M., and G. Dellacasa. 2006. Scarabaeidae, subfamily Aphodiinae, tribe Aphodiini, p. 105 - 143. In Lobl, I. &amp; Smetana, A. (Eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Apollo Books; Stenstrup. 690 p." type="book chapter" year="2006">Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006: 140</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFE4BFE98FDCB577C" author="Krajcik, M." box="[428,614,304,327]" page="75" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFE4BFE98FDCB577C" author="Krajcik, M." box="[428,614,304,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref5840" refString="Krajcik, M. 2012. Checklist of the World Scarabaeoidea. Animma X. Supplementum 5: 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="2012">Krajcik 2012: 75</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="C4536044FFFAFF9AFD96FE98FC20577C" author="Dellacasa, M. &amp; G. Dellacasa &amp; D. Kral &amp; A. Bezdek" box="[625,909,305,327]" page="121" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFD96FE98FC20577C" author="Dellacasa, M. &amp; G. Dellacasa &amp; D. Kral &amp; A. Bezdek" box="[625,909,305,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="98 - 155" refId="ref5681" refString="Dellacasa, M., G. Dellacasa, D. Kral, and A. Bezdek. 2016. Scarabaeidae, subfamily Aphodiinae, tribe Aphodiini, p. 98 - 155. In Lobl, I. &amp; Lobl, D. (Eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill; Leiden &amp; Boston. 983 p." type="book chapter" year="2016">Dellacasa et al. 2016: 121</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DE815DEFFFAFF9AFF27FEF6FA0D5742" box="[192,1440,351,376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF27FEF6FA0D5742" blockId="3.[192,1440,351,376]" box="[192,1440,351,376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFF27FEF6FEDB574D" bold="true" box="[192,374,351,375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<typeStatus id="9A49F8F7FFFAFF9AFF27FEF6FEA9574D" box="[192,260,351,375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFE9AFEF6FCD35742" authority="Semenov, 1903" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1903" box="[381,894,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemargulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krulikovskyi">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFE9AFEF6FD6D574D" box="[381,704,351,375]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemargulus krulikovskyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFD21FEC9FCD35742" author="Semenov, A. P." box="[710,894,352,376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="353 - 357" refId="ref6144" refString="Semenov, A. P. 1903. Coleoptera nova faunae turanicae. II. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 3: 353 - 357." type="journal article" year="1903">Semenov, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(subsequent designation by 
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFB3EFEF6FA395742" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[1241,1428,351,376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="39 - 41" refId="ref5913" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. 1979. Novyi vid plastinchatousykh triby Aphodiini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) iz srednej Azii i ego sistematicheskoe polozhenie. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademii Nauk SSSR 88: 39 - 41." type="journal article" year="1979">Nikolajev 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DE815DEFFFAFF9AFF27FE26FA0C5235" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF27FE26FCA457F2" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFF27FE26FEE3579D" bold="true" box="[192,334,399,423]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFEB4FE39FE675792" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[339,458,400,424]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aphodiini">Aphodiini</taxonomicName>
species with small to medium adult body size (
<quantity id="820AEBB0FFFAFF9AFC12FE39FB285792" box="[1013,1157,400,424]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="5.4" valueMax="7.6" valueMin="3.2">3.2–7.6 mm</quantity>
), oval-elongate, convex, glossy, glabrous dorsally. Yellow to light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFE79FE905410" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Head with epistome gibbous and granulate, clypeus quadridentate and distinctly bristled, frontal suture trituberculate, not reaching the genal sutures, genae auriculate, elongately ciliate, protruding from eyes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFD9BFA0D5450" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Pronotum transverse, bordered in all the sides, sometimes the border more or less interrupted anteriorly at middle but therein irregularly crenulated by coarse punctures, rather regularly punctured on disc.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFDDBFDE954B0" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" box="[232,580,626,650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Scutellum small, triangular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFD3AFA0D5491" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" box="[232,1440,659,683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Elytra with striae fine, interstriae from nearly flat to slightly convex on disc; humeri not denticulate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFD1AFCD054F1" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" box="[232,893,691,715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Metathoracic wings normally developed in both sexes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFD7AFC9054D1" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" box="[232,829,723,747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Metasternal plate with complete midline furrow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFD5DFBD85577" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Foretibae with four or more external teeth; apical edge of mesotibiae with spinules more or less equal and a single very long seta near outer angle, almost as long as the first tarsal segment; metatibiae feebly widened apically, with upper apical spur longer than the first tarsal segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFCFCFCC75557" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" box="[232,874,853,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Pygidium with apical margin very elongately ciliate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFCDCFA3B5594" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Secondary sexual characters very weak: foretibial and upper metatibial spur very slightly sinuate in males, normally shaped in females. Furthermore, females have elytra slightly widened in apical half.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFC1FFBFE55F4" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" box="[232,1107,950,974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Aedeagus with paramera elongate and more or less acuminate apically.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFC7FFA0C5235" blockId="3.[192,1441,399,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Epipharynx round laterally, front edge very slightly sinuate; epitorma globose; corypha with celtes more or less elongate; pedia with few spinules usually uniserially arranged, pariae with elongate spiculae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DE815DEFFFAFF9AFF27FB8EFBDC53EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF27FB8EFD235265" blockId="3.[192,1441,1063,1120]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFF27FB8EFEDE5205" bold="true" box="[192,371,1063,1087]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only three species hitherto known, from Arabian Peninsula and Central Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFACEFB8EFEE95265" author="Dellacasa, M. &amp; G. Dellacasa &amp; D. Kral &amp; A. Bezdek" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="98 - 155" refId="ref5681" refString="Dellacasa, M., G. Dellacasa, D. Kral, and A. Bezdek. 2016. Scarabaeidae, subfamily Aphodiinae, tribe Aphodiini, p. 98 - 155. In Lobl, I. &amp; Lobl, D. (Eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill; Leiden &amp; Boston. 983 p." type="book chapter" year="2016">Dellacasa et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The genus is new to 
<collectingCountry id="3DE506C5FFFAFF9AFDB6FBE1FD275265" box="[593,650,1096,1119]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF27FBD1FC655348" blockId="3.[192,1440,1143,1492]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFF27FBD1FE0D52B5" bold="true" box="[192,416,1143,1168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Natural history.</emphasis>
Almost nothing is known about the ethology and bionomy of species belonging to the genus, other than that they live in sandy areas. As far as I know, there are no literature references in which specimens have been reported as collected in dung, as happens to the majority of the other 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFF27FB70FEE152CB" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[192,332,1241,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aphodiinae">Aphodiinae</taxonomicName>
species. All the Iranian specimens referenced in this paper have come to light. This could suggest, as a hypothesis, a saprophilous habit, as for other psammophilous Scarabaeoidea attracted to light, even if the morphology of their epipharynx is clearly adapted to coprophagy (
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFB05FAB3FF525368" author="Dellacasa, G. &amp; P. Bordat &amp; M. Dellacasa" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 482" refId="ref5485" refString="Dellacasa, G., P. Bordat, and M. Dellacasa. 2001. A revisional essay of world genus-group taxa of Aphodiinae (Coleoptera Aphodiidae). Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana 79 [2000]: 1 - 482." type="journal article" year="2001">Dellacasa et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
). On the back of the first label of the 
<typeStatus id="9A49F8F7FFFAFF9AFD20FA93FC985368" box="[711,821,1338,1362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFCBDFA93FBB95368" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1903" box="[858,1044,1338,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemargulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krulikovskyi">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFCBDFA93FBB95368" box="[858,1044,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. krulikovskyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the handwritten note “пеСКИ, в КОрНЯХ” [sands, in roots] could confirm their root-eating habits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9AFF0FFAD2FBDC53EE" blockId="3.[192,1440,1143,1492]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
The labels of two specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFD80FAD2FC8D53A8" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1903" box="[615,800,1402,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemargulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krulikovskyi">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFD80FAD2FC8D53A8" box="[615,800,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. krulikovskyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="3DE506C5FFFAFF9AFCD6FAD2FC4853A9" box="[817,997,1403,1427]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
, “Merv”) have the handwritten note “муравейНИК” [anthill]. If confirmed, this information would suggest an intriguing relationship of the species with nests of ants, even if it should be explained much more in detail.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DE815DEFFFAFF9DFF27FA45FC605748" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFAFF9DFF27FA45FB0156CB" blockId="3.[192,1441,1516,1929]" lastBlockId="4.[192,1440,217,371]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFF27FA45FEF0503E" bold="true" box="[192,349,1516,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Discussion.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFE82FA45FD84503E" author="Semenov, A. P." box="[357,553,1516,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="353 - 357" refId="ref6144" refString="Semenov, A. P. 1903. Coleoptera nova faunae turanicae. II. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 3: 353 - 357." type="journal article" year="1903">Semenov (1903)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFD48FA45FCF9503E" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1903" box="[687,852,1516,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemargulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFD48FA45FCF9503E" box="[687,852,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemargulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and compared it with the genus 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFB15FA45FE9E501E" authority="Reitter, 1891" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Ahermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFB15FA45FAF1503E" box="[1266,1372,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Ahermes</emphasis>
Reitter, 1891
</taxonomicName>
, actually considered a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFCA5F9A5FB1D501E" authority="Motschulsky, 1868" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1868" box="[834,1200,1548,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFCA5F9A5FC145019" box="[834,953,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemisus</emphasis>
Motschulsky, 1868
</taxonomicName>
. Seven years later, 
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFF27F984FE2F507F" author="Schmidt, A." box="[192,386,1581,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref6019" refString="Schmidt, A. 1910 a. Coleoptera Lamellicornia Aphodiinae. P. 1 - 155. In: Wytsman P.: Genera Insectorum. 110. Tervuren." type="book chapter" year="1910">
Schmidt (1910 
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFE93F984FE2F507F" author="Schmidt, A." box="[372,386,1581,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref6049" refString="Schmidt, A. 1910 b. Aphodiinae. Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. Berlin 20: 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1910">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 1910b) deemed 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFDAFF985FD40507E" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1903" box="[584,749,1580,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemargulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFDAFF985FD40507E" box="[584,749,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemargulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFC01F984FBF0507E" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1868" box="[998,1117,1581,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFC01F984FBF0507E" box="[998,1117,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Synonymy was confirmed by 
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFF03F9E4FE33505F" author="Schmidt, A." box="[228,414,1613,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref6079" refString="Schmidt, A. 1922. Coleoptera Aphodiinae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 45. W. de Gruyter and Co.; Berlin &amp; Leipzig. 614 p." type="book" year="1922">Schmidt (1922)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFE3BF9E4FD35505F" author="Winkler, A." box="[476,664,1613,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref6213" refString="Winkler, A. 1929. Catalogus Coleopterorum Regionis Palaearcticae (1924 - 1932). Scarabaeidae. p. 1009 - 1136. A. Winkler; Wien 9. 1698 p." type="book" year="1929">Winkler (1929)</bibRefCitation>
. From then on, 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFCBFF9E4FC50505F" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1903" box="[856,1021,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemargulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFCBFF9E4FC50505F" box="[856,1021,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemargulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered either a subgenus of 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFF3AF9C7FD8450BF" authority="(Balthasar 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[221,553,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFF3AF9C7FEF950BF" box="[221,340,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemisus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFE83F9C4FD8C50BF" author="Balthasar, V." box="[356,545,1645,1669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref5378" refString="Balthasar, V. 1964. Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Band 3. Aphodiidae. Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; Prague. 652 p." type="book" year="1964">Balthasar 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
or a junior synonym of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFC15F9C4FAB650BF" authority="Harold, 1868" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1010,1307,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mendidius">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFC15F9C4FBD850BF" box="[1010,1141,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Mendidius</emphasis>
Harold, 1868
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFACEF9C4FF53509C" author="Nikolajev, G. V." pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="39 - 41" refId="ref5913" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. 1979. Novyi vid plastinchatousykh triby Aphodiini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) iz srednej Azii i ego sistematicheskoe polozhenie. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademii Nauk SSSR 88: 39 - 41." type="journal article" year="1979">Nikolajev 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFEEFF927FEEA509C" author="Nikolajev, G. V." box="[264,327,1678,1702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref5954" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. 1987. Plastinchatousye zhuki (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) Kazakhstana i Srednej Azii. Instituta Zoologii, Akademiya Nauk Kazakhskoj SSR; Alma Ata. 232 p." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFEBFF927FD69509C" author="Medvedev, S. I. &amp; L. M. Nikritin" box="[344,708,1678,1702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1881 - 1882" refId="ref5862" refString="Medvedev, S. I., and L. M. Nikritin. 1971. [Once more about the independence of the genus Cnemargulus Sem. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) and its difference from the genus Cnemisus Motsch.] Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 50: 1881 - 1882." type="journal article" year="1971">Medvedev and Nikritin (1971)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFD1AF927FC0B509C" author="Pittino, R." box="[765,934,1678,1702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="267 - 359" refId="ref5988" refString="Pittino, R. 1984. Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea: a revision of the family Aphodiidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 6: 267 - 359." type="journal article" year="1984">Pittino (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, all authors who dealt with the topic, have considered 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFEAEF907FE4350FC" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1903" box="[329,494,1710,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemargulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFEAEF907FE4350FC" box="[329,494,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemargulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a good and distinct genus. 
<bibRefCitation id="21633BA4FFFAFF9AFCD0F907FBAC50FC" author="Dellacasa, G." box="[823,1025,1710,1734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="35 - 42" refId="ref5451" refString="Dellacasa, G. 1994. Genus Mothon and other mendidiform genus-group taxa (Coleoptera, Aphodiidae). Frustula entomologica n. s. 17 (30): 35 - 42." type="journal article" year="1994">Dellacasa (1994)</bibRefCitation>
provided a key to a poorly defined “mendidiform” genus-group taxon, distinguishing 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFCC4F967FC6550DC" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1903" box="[803,968,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemargulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFCC4F967FC6550DC" box="[803,968,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemargulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFBF7F966FB2A50DC" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1040,1159,1743,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFBF7F966FB2A50DC" box="[1040,1159,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the claws: corneous in the former, hair shaped in the latter. In addition to this character, which is not always significant, the species ascribable to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFD89F8A6FD48511C" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[622,741,1807,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFD89F8A6FD48511C" box="[622,741,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more convex, have the head with a very distinct long frontal suture, almost reaching the eyes at sides, the pronotum not bordered anteriorly, and the femora, particularly the hindfemora, strongly widened apically. Furthermore, the 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFB84F8F9FB77515D" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1123,1242,1872,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFB84F8F9FB77515D" box="[1123,1242,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are on average larger (
<quantity id="820AEBB0FFFAFF9AFEFCF8D8FE3D51B3" box="[283,400,1905,1929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 mm</quantity>
), and their mesotibial apical spinules are equal, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFAFF9AFBBDF8D9FB5251B2" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1903" box="[1114,1279,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemargulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFAFF9AFBBDF8D9FB5251B2" box="[1114,1279,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cnemargulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have the mesotibiae with one exceptionally elongate apical seta, beyond the usual ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="454D4655FFFDFF9DFF0FFF50FC605748" blockId="4.[192,1440,217,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFDFF9DFF0FFF50FE20572B" authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1903" box="[232,397,249,273]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Cnemargulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFDFF9DFF0FFF50FE20572B" box="[232,397,249,273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Cnemargulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFDFF9DFCB5FF50FC78572B" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[850,981,249,273]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mendidius">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFDFF9DFCB5FF50FC78572B" box="[850,981,249,273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Mendidius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the quadridentate clypeus—biden-tate in 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFDFF9DFEFEFEB3FE315708" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[281,412,282,306]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mendidius">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFDFF9DFEFEFEB3FE315708" box="[281,412,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Mendidius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—and the more transverse pronotum. Furthermore, males of the two genera can be distinguished by the metatibiae, which are wider apically and clearly longer than the metatarsi, and the paramera, which are obviously wider apically in 
<taxonomicName id="82F23DD6FFFDFF9DFCA4FEF3FC6B5748" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[835,966,346,370]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mendidius">
<emphasis id="77869A47FFFDFF9DFCA4FEF3FC6B5748" box="[835,966,346,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Mendidius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>