<documentid="F9D9CF9B0B8990B99C5671170A421115"ID-CLB-Dataset="299061"ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12118784"ID-GBIF-Dataset="2b921c3c-8618-439e-96da-1de9c66a90f9"ID-ISSN="0026-279X"ID-Zenodo-Dep="12118784"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia"IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia"IM.tables_approvedBy="julia"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia"IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia"checkinTime="1718742264011"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Lobban, Christopher S. & Witkowski, Andrzej"docDate="2023"docId="03C287AAFFFB0B0FFF357E53FEF3FB15"docLanguage="en"docName="Micronesica.2023.02.1-75.pdf"docOrigin="Micronesica 2023 (2)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:73477DD41873F4E732E2765E250AF97D.1:Micronesica.2013-.journal_article.type1"docStyleId="73477DD41873F4E732E2765E250AF97D"docStyleName="Micronesica.2013-.journal_article.type1"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Dictyoneis apapae Lobban & Witkowski 2023, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="5"lastPageNumber="9"masterDocId="FFFBFFD2FFFC0B07FFD37D20FF9BFFCC"masterDocTitle="Marine benthic diatoms of Guam: new records, Dictyoneis apapae sp. nov., and updates to the checklist"masterLastPageNumber="75"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="8"updateTime="1719584991735"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
<mods:titleid="CBC0DD44FE55CAF390CA59FA108D982B">Marine benthic diatoms of Guam: new records, Dictyoneis apapae sp. nov., and updates to the checklist</mods:title>
<mods:namePartid="5AA2381830142EDA34A09E1E0807AF9D">Lobban, Christopher S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="AF7443218B240FBAFA169751B64AA22E">Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA clobban @ triton. uog. edu</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="87BBA6675CD4851A78B56EDBB9A54A87">University of Szczecin, Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences Mickiewicza 16 a, PL 70 - 383 Szczecin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C6B4D3FFFFB0B00FF357E53FDB5FC41"authority="Lobban"authorityName="Lobban & Witkowski"authorityYear="2023"box="[230,558,883,909]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Dictyoneidaceae"genus="Dictyoneis"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL"kingdom="Chromista"order="Dictyoneidales"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="apapae"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FB957E53FAE2FC41"box="[1094,1401,883,909]"captionStart-0="Figures 44–49"captionStart-1="Figures 50–58"captionStartId-0="51.[290,370,913,937]"captionStartId-1="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId-0="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]"captionTargetId-1="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId-0="52"captionTargetPageId-1="54"captionText-0="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm."captionText-1="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 44–50, 52–55, 57, 58</figureCitation>
in the broadly lanceolate outline, absence of field of small pseudoloculi around the central area, and smaller outer openings of the pseudoloculi, especially along the margin.
<materialsCitationid="3B033CE1FFFB0B00FF35792BFE59FBA4"ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4899943301"collectionCode="GC"county="Specimen"location="Academy of Natural Sciences"municipality="Diatom Collection"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"specimenCode="GC20106"specimenCount="1"stateProvince="'Amman"typeStatus="holotype">
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<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FEB4796EFE25FBA4"box="[359,446,1102,1128]"captionStart="Figures 44–49"captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]"captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]"captionTargetPageId="52"captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFFB0B00FBB079B9FAF6FB7F"author="Lobban, C. S. & G. Reid"box="[1123,1389,1177,1203]"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"pagination="169 - 179"refId="ref16482"refString="Lobban, C. S. & G. Reid. 2018. New Arcuatasigma species (Bacillariophyta, Pleurosigmataceae) from Guam and Belize, and the taxonomic identities of Toxonidea challengeriensis and its variety. Phytotaxa 346: 169 - 179."type="journal article"year="2018">Lobban & Reid 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFFB0B00FE7B799BFDCCFB19"author="Lobban, C. S."box="[424,599,1211,1237]"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"pagination="246 - 254"refId="ref15913"refString="Lobban, C. S. 2015 b. External ultrastructure of Progonoia diatreta, n. sp. (Bacillariophyta, Scoliotropidaceae) differs from P. musca and P. intercedens, n. comb. Phytotaxa 234: 246 - 254"type="journal article"year="2015">Lobban 2015b</bibRefCitation>
), and several species listed below. Sample GU52X-5b,
<dateid="FFD5107CFFFB0B00FB0B799BFAEDFB19"box="[1240,1398,1211,1237]"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"value="2015-05-10">10 May 2015</date>
, coll.
<emphasisid="B91FEAAEFFFB0B00FEF279FDFDFBFB3B"box="[289,608,1245,1271]"italics="true"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">C.S. Lobban & M. Schefter</emphasis>
locality in Apra Harbor, not far from Cabras Island.
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFFB0B00FE4F7809FDDFFA8F"author="Ayong, M. A."box="[412,580,1321,1347]"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"refId="ref13623"refString="Ayong, M. A. 2023. Apra Harbor. In Guampedia, https: // www. guampedia. com / apra-harbor / accessed 14 Feb. 2023."type="url"year="2023">Ayong (2023)</bibRefCitation>
explains that, “Apra is a corruption of the Chamorro word ‘
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FD0E7854FCF0FA42"box="[733,875,1396,1422]"captionStart="Figures 44–49"captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]"captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]"captionTargetPageId="52"captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 44–46</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FB3F78B5FAE9FA63"box="[1260,1394,1429,1455]"captionStart="Figures 44–49"captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]"captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]"captionTargetPageId="52"captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 44, 45</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FC4B7897FB84FA1D"box="[920,1055,1463,1489]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 52, 55</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FDA278F9FD52FA3F"box="[625,713,1497,1523]"captionStart="Figures 44–49"captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]"captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]"captionTargetPageId="52"captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
, arrow), terminal endings deflected in opposite directions. Inner layer of pores completely overlain by pseudoloculate framework forming larger pores, except in a variable zone near the sternum and at the apices where the outer openings are also small (
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FA957B3CFEA8F994"captionStart="Figures 44–49"captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]"captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]"captionTargetPageId="52"captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 48, 49</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FD9A7B1EFD3FF994"box="[585,676,1598,1624]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FD037B40FCCEF9B6"box="[720,853,1632,1658]"captionStart="Figures 44–49"captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]"captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]"captionTargetPageId="52"captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 44, 45</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FAC97B40FAEEF9B6"box="[1306,1397,1632,1658]"captionStart="Figures 44–49"captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]"captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]"captionTargetPageId="52"captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 46</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FB607BA1FA8BF957"box="[1203,1296,1665,1691]"captionStart="Figures 44–49"captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]"captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]"captionTargetPageId="52"captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 47</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FACD7BA1FAF7F957"box="[1310,1388,1665,1691]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">50, 57</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FF357B83FE3AF971"box="[230,417,1699,1725]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 50 and 51</figureCitation>
compare exterior features of the new species with a specimen of
<taxonomicNameid="4C6B4D3FFFFB0B00FB047B83FE52F913"authority="(F. W. Lewis) Cleve"authorityName="Cleve"baseAuthorityName="F. W. Lewis"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Dictyoneidaceae"genus="Dictyoneis"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL"kingdom="Chromista"order="Dictyoneidales"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="marginata">
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FF3C7BC7FEEEF8CD"box="[239,373,1767,1793]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 52–55</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FC767A28FC64F8EE"box="[933,1023,1800,1826]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FA997A0AFE9EF8AA"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFFB0B00FB897A6CFA97F8AA"box="[1114,1292,1868,1894]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 55 and 56</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFF40B0FFB607DCEFA8BFEC4"box="[1203,1296,238,264]"captionStart="Figures 44–49"captionStartId="51.[290,370,913,937]"captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[231,1383,437,1714]"captionTargetPageId="52"captionText="Figures 44–49. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. Figs 44, 45 LM, all others SEM. Fig. 44. Holotype (stack of two focal planes), slightly oblique, showing apparent striae and apparent chambers on near side. Fig. 45. Valve straight on, central nodule focal plane. Fig. 46. Valve in SEM showing external side of pseudoloculi; note opposite deflection of terminal raphe endings (arrows); enlarged in next two figures. Fig. 47. Detail of apex showing large groove in mantle and two rows of pores in the valvocopula (VC). Fig. 48. Detail of central area showing double layer of external pseudoloculi; also showing external raphe slits bordered by thin ridges of silica (arrow), and absence of circular area of small pseudoloculi. Fig. 49. Detail of marginal pseudoloculi. Scale bars: Figs 44–46 = 10 µm, Figs 47–49 = 5 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581761"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581761/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="9">Figs 47</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFF40B0FFACE7DCEFAF7FEC4"box="[1309,1388,238,264]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="9">57, 58</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFF40B0FFAF77C30FAEEFEE6"box="[1316,1397,272,298]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="9">Fig 57</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFEA77CF0FDD5FE26"authorityName="Lobban & Witkowski"authorityYear="2023"box="[372,590,464,490]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Dictyoneidaceae"genus="Dictyoneis"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL"kingdom="Chromista"order="Dictyoneidales"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="apapae">
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFBD67CF0FB3EFE26"author="Hustedt, F."box="[1029,1189,464,490]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"refId="ref14962"refString="Hustedt, F. 1931 - 1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2."type="journal volume"year="1931">Hustedt 1931</bibRefCitation>
–1959, p. 576, fig. 1009;
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFEE07CD2FD8BFDC0"author="Montgomery, R. T."box="[307,528,498,524]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"refId="ref17647"refString="Montgomery, R. T. 1978. Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph. D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee."type="book"year="1978">Montgomery 1978</bibRefCitation>
pl. 81C–F;
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFD717CD2FC56FDC0"author="Round, F. E. & R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann"box="[674,973,498,524]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"refId="ref19136"refString="Round, F. E., R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann. 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K."type="book"year="1990">Round et al. 1990 p. 468</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFF357F34FE39FDE2"author="Hein, M. K. & B. M. Winsborough & M. J. Sullivan"box="[230,418,532,558]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"refId="ref14894"refString="Hein, M. K., B. M. Winsborough & M. J. Sullivan. 2008. Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica 19. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Germany."type="journal volume"year="2008">Hein et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
, p. 51, pl. 26, fig 2, pl. 27 fig. 1] but there seem to be additional discrepancies among the images in the literature. The apical groove in
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFCFF7F16FB8AFD9C"author="Round, F. E. & R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann"box="[812,1041,566,592]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"refId="ref19136"refString="Round, F. E., R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann. 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K."type="book"year="1990">Round et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
is long like that in
<taxonomicNameid="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFB2B7F16FAE9FD9C"authorityName="Lobban & Witkowski"authorityYear="2023"box="[1272,1394,566,592]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Dictyoneidaceae"genus="Dictyoneis"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL"kingdom="Chromista"order="Dictyoneidales"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="apapae">
, and they also note that the external raphe slits are bordered by thin ridges of silica, which can be seen in our images of
<taxonomicNameid="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFE7B7F59FDBBFD5F"authorityName="Lobban & Witkowski"authorityYear="2023"box="[424,544,633,659]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Dictyoneidaceae"genus="Dictyoneis"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL"kingdom="Chromista"order="Dictyoneidales"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="apapae">
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFF40B0FFC217F59FBD2FD5F"box="[1010,1097,633,659]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="9">Figs 50</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFAF87F59FEF5FD79"author="Round, F. E. & R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"refId="ref19136"refString="Round, F. E., R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann. 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K."type="book"year="1990">Round et al. (1990</bibRefCitation>
, p. 469, fig. h) show thick transverse costae and note that “the small poroids of the inner layer are difficult to distinguish because of the strong development of the ribs,” a description that does not fit
<taxonomicNameid="4C6B4D3FFFF40B0FFEA47FFEFE69FD34"authorityName="Lobban & Witkowski"authorityYear="2023"box="[375,498,734,760]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Dictyoneidaceae"genus="Dictyoneis"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL"kingdom="Chromista"order="Dictyoneidales"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="apapae">
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFF40B0FFDD77FFEFDC7FD34"box="[516,604,734,760]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="9">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13502A39FFF40B0FFC227FFEFBD0FD34"box="[1009,1099,734,760]"captionStart="Figures 50–58"captionStartId="53.[290,370,868,892]"captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[231,1383,350,1801]"captionTargetPageId="54"captionText="Figures 50–58. Dictyoneis apapae, sp. nov. (cont.), except Figs 51, 56, putative D. marginata from Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia; SEM, cont. Figs. 50, 51. Comparison of the two species’ exteriors with the following three points of distinction: 1. Central area; 2. Marginal pseudoloculi; 3. Apical groove. Fig. 52. Detail of an isolated valve apex. Fig. 53. Central region of isolated valve showing central nodule and poration on mantle with short intercalary striae, with a few longer (arrowhead), forming a denser band (arrow) before a hyaline border. Fig. 54. Fractured valve showing wall structure with large outer pores (arrow), smaller ridges defining smaller holes, and showing the slit-like inner foramina. Figs 55, 56. Comparison of the two species’ interiors, both valves with valvocopula. Figs 57, 58. Opposite poles of a frustule in girdle view showing copulae. Arrow shows deep indent on end of valvocopula, which appears closed at that end as well as at the opposite; 2nd copula open and 3rd copula with large ligule that fills the indentation on the valvocopula. Scale bars: Figs 50, 51, 55–58 = 10 µm, Figs 52, 53 = 5 µm, Fig. 54 = 2 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581763"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12581763/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="9">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
). These seem to be small discrepancies compared to the differences in the central area, marginal pore size and constriction (the latter two used by
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFE1C7E02FDC1FCF0"author="Cleve, P. T."box="[463,602,802,828]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"pagination="14 - 17"refId="ref13858"refString="Cleve, P. T. 1890. Dictyoneis Cleve n. g., note preliminaire par P. T. Cleve. Le Diatomiste 1 (2): 14 - 17."type="journal article"year="1890">Cleve 1890</bibRefCitation>
as taxonomic criteria); we are therefore confident that the
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFEE67EAFFE4BFC65"author="Cleve, P. T."box="[309,464,911,937]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"pagination="14 - 17"refId="ref13858"refString="Cleve, P. T. 1890. Dictyoneis Cleve n. g., note preliminaire par P. T. Cleve. Le Diatomiste 1 (2): 14 - 17."type="journal article"year="1890">Cleve (1890)</bibRefCitation>
erected the genus, he provided a key to the known species, of which only two were lanceolate, and only one of those had marginal pores larger than the ones on the valve face, that was
, mentions little of the structure. His valve was larger than our specimens, 150 µm long, 32 µm wide.
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFB5F7936FAEEFBFC"author="Montgomery, R. T."box="[1164,1397,1046,1072]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"refId="ref17647"refString="Montgomery, R. T. 1978. Environmental and ecological studies of the diatom communities associated with the coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Volumes I and II. Ph. D. Dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee."type="book"year="1978">Montgomery (1978</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 81A, B) showed an unnamed lanceolate species from Florida with broad semilanceolate zones of smaller pseudoloculi on each side of the raphe, clearly different from ours. There is need for further study of this genus, and the assertion by
<bibRefCitationid="EFFA4B4DFFF40B0FFD15795BFC3EFB59"author="Round, F. E. & R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann"box="[710,933,1147,1173]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"refId="ref19136"refString="Round, F. E., R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann. 1990. The Diatoms: Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K."type="book"year="1990">Round et al. (1990</bibRefCitation>
