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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.588.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7751590" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1679300158074" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Facco, Marlon Garlet &amp; Cavalcanti, Taciana Barbosa" docDate="2023" docId="0382DB75FC2F054D05AADAC00A81F98B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.588.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 588 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.2:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Cuphea (sect. Trispermum) Koehne 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1935" masterDocId="FFBBA30DFC2305400522DE040F2AFFF3" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic Revision of Cuphea sect. Trispermum s. l. (Lythraceae)" masterLastPageNumber="1935" masterPageNumber="1921" pageNumber="1921" updateTime="1679575441395" updateUser="jonas">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic Revision of Cuphea sect. Trispermum s. l. (Lythraceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Facco, Marlon Garlet</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4087-2706</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Brasília, 70910 - 900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil &amp; mgfbio @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4087 - 2706</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mgfbio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cavalcanti, Taciana Barbosa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-1649-9830</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Brasília, 70910 - 900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil &amp; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, 70770 - 917, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil &amp; Universidade de Brasília, 70910 - 900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil &amp; taciana. cavalcanti @ embrapa. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1649 - 9830 Corresponding author: mgfbio @ gmail. com &amp; Universidade de Brasília, 70910 - 900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">taciana.cavalcanti@embrapa.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>588</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1921</mods:start>
<mods:end>1935</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.588.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7751590</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382DB75FC2F054D05AADAC00A81F98B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382DB75FC2F054D05AADAC00A81F98B" lastPageId="13" pageId="12">
<subSubSection box="[136,695,1220,1247]" pageId="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="12.[136,1452,1220,1354]" box="[136,695,1220,1247]" pageId="12">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koehne" authorityPageNumber="163" authorityYear="1881" box="[136,691,1220,1247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Trispermum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,226,1220,1247]" italics="true" pageId="12">Cuphea</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[300,442,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="12">Trispermum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Koehne, E." box="[454,691,1220,1246]" pageId="12" pagination="136 - 176" refId="ref55803" refString="Koehne, E. (1881) Lythraceae monographice describuntur. VI. Cuphea. Subg. II. Eucuphea. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 2: 136 - 176." type="journal article" year="1881">Koehne (1881: 163)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="12.[136,1452,1220,1354]" pageId="12">
here as
<taxonomicName box="[801,1097,1220,1247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Trispermum">
<emphasis box="[801,888,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="12">Cuphea</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis box="[962,1097,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="12">Trispermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName box="[1109,1196,1220,1246]" genus="Koehne" pageId="12" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Koehne</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1207,1325,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1207,1325,1220,1246]" pageId="12" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(including
<taxonomicName box="[136,315,1256,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carajasensis">
<emphasis box="[136,315,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="12">C. carajasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Graham &amp; Cavalcanti" authorityYear="1999" box="[334,473,1256,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congesta">
<emphasis box="[334,473,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="12">C. congesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[492,646,1256,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">
<emphasis box="[492,646,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="12">C. micrantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[666,804,1256,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odonellii">
<emphasis box="[666,804,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="12">C. odonellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moricand" authorityYear="1847" box="[824,949,1256,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis box="[824,949,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="12">C. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[1016,1174,1256,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuissima">
<emphasis box="[1016,1174,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="12">C. tenuissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) emend.
<collectionCode box="[1291,1317,1256,1282]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="12" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode box="[1320,1341,1256,1282]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="12" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
.Facco &amp;
<collectionCode box="[136,154,1292,1318]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode box="[157,175,1292,1318]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="12" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
.Cavalcanti.
<taxonomicName box="[322,954,1292,1319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" section="Balsamona" subSection="Trispermum">
<emphasis box="[322,409,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="12">Cuphea</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis box="[482,608,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="12">Balsamona</emphasis>
Koehne subsect.
<emphasis box="[819,954,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="12">Trispermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Koehne, E." box="[966,1194,1292,1318]" pageId="12" pagination="185 - 370" refId="ref55755" refString="Koehne, E. (1877) Lythraceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. von &amp; Eichler, A. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis 13 (2). Frid. Fleischer, Leipzig, pp. 185 - 370." type="book chapter" year="1877">Koehne (1877: 219</bibRefCitation>
, 228, 283).
<typeStatus box="[1339,1451,1293,1319]" pageId="12">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Lourteig, A." box="[307,469,1328,1354]" pageId="12" pagination="5 - 48" refId="ref56406" refString="Lourteig, A. (1987) Lythraceae Austroamericanae. Addenda et corrigenda II. Sellowia 39: 5 - 48." type="journal article" year="1987">
<taxonomicName box="[307,403,1328,1354]" genus="Lourteig" pageId="12" rank="genus">Lourteig</taxonomicName>
1987
</bibRefCitation>
):—
<taxonomicName authority="Kunth." authorityName="Kunth." box="[512,851,1328,1354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisyphilitica">
<emphasis box="[512,766,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="12">Cuphea antisyphilitica</emphasis>
Kunth.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[136,949,1404,1426]" pageId="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="12.[136,1452,1403,1462]" box="[136,949,1404,1426]" pageId="12">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koehne" authorityPageNumber="90" authorityYear="1903" box="[136,945,1404,1426]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" section="Brachyandra" subSection="Micranthium">
<emphasis box="[136,211,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="12">Cuphea</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis box="[270,397,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="12">Brachyandra</emphasis>
Koehne subsect.
<emphasis box="[573,698,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="12">Micranthium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Koehne, E." box="[707,886,1404,1426]" pageId="12" refId="ref55983" refString="Koehne, E. (1903) Lythraceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV. 216. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 326 pp." type="book" year="1903">Koehne (1903: 90</bibRefCitation>
, 120)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="12.[136,1452,1403,1462]" pageId="12">
<materialsCitation pageId="12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus box="[957,1053,1404,1425]" pageId="12">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1069,1231,1403,1425]" pageId="12">here designated</emphasis>
):—
<taxonomicName authority="Kunth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">
<emphasis box="[1270,1452,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="12">Cuphea micrantha</emphasis>
Kunth.
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="12.[136,1452,1508,2039]" pageId="12">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,264,1508,1534]" pageId="12">Subshrubs</emphasis>
to shrubs,
<quantity box="[383,507,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="12" unit="cm" value="105.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="10.0">10–200 cm</quantity>
tall; stems erect to decumbent, indumentum strigose, pubescent, glandular or hirsute, rarely bifid-malpighiaceous trichomes present; sometimes brachyblasts present.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1015,1097,1544,1570]" pageId="12">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite to 3(–4–5)-verticillate, blades elliptic, ovate, oblong to linear, margin plane, subrevolute to strongly revolute to the midvein, hyphodromous to brochidodromous.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[346,452,1616,1642]" pageId="12">Racemes</emphasis>
bracteose, frondose-bracteose to frondose, simple to compound, elongated to contracted at apex of branches; bract pairs subequal, rarely unequal, with one of the bracts of the pair much smaller in size.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1356,1451,1652,1678]" pageId="12">Flowers</emphasis>
alternate, rarely opposite, sometimes clustered at the apex of the branches, pedicels
<quantity box="[1073,1166,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="1.0">1–9 mm</quantity>
long, interpetiolar, rarely axillary; floral tubes
<quantity box="[377,487,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="12" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="4.0">4–24 mm</quantity>
long, spur obtuse, saccate to galeate, rarely acute, deflexed, rarely horizontal, outer surface vinaceous or atropurpureous in the dorsal region and green ventrally, sometimes red-orange or yellow-green, rarely pale green; petals 6, rarely 0, lilac, pink, purple, yellow, rarely red-orange, carmine or white, subequal, rarely the two dorsal petals smaller than the four ventral ones; stamens 11, filaments free in the upper third of the floral tube, exserted to subexserted, or in the middle third of the floral tube, with fully included stamens, the 2 dorsalmost shortest and most deeply inserted in tube; infrastaminal vesicles 0; pollen tricolporate, psilate, exine thickened between the pores; pistil
<quantity box="[276,384,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="12" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="2.0">2–23 mm</quantity>
long; ovary glabrous to slightly pilose, rarely densely villous dorsally; ovules 3, rarely 2, 4–8; nectary deflexed, rarely horizontal, convex in the dorsal region, concave ventrally.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1064,1131,1976,2002]" pageId="12">Seeds</emphasis>
2–3, rarely 1 or 4, 1.5–3.2 ×
<quantity box="[136,273,2012,2039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="12" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.9 mm</quantity>
, elliptic, obovate to suborbicular, margin obtuse, rarely slightly thickened.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[136,679,157,184]" pageId="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,679,157,184]" box="[136,679,157,184]" pageId="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,679,157,184]" pageId="13">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName box="[341,640,157,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Trispermum" sensu="lato">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[341,431,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="13">Cuphea</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,640,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="13">Trispermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[647,679,158,184]" pageId="13" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" type="key">
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,227,249]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,227,249]" pageId="13">1. Leaves hyphodromous, linear or narrow-ovate ..................................................................................................................................2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,256,278]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,256,278]" pageId="13">- Leaves brochidodromous, ovate, narrow-ovate, oblong to elliptic ..................................................................................................11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,285,307]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,285,307]" pageId="13">2. Brachyblasts present (lateral branches with strongly reduced internodes, with verticillate to rarely opposite leaves) .....................3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,315,337]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,315,337]" pageId="13">- Brachyblasts absent ............................................................................................................................................................................5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,344,366]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,344,366]" pageId="13">
3. Leaf margin plane; flowers yellow...................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName box="[1332,1452,344,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paralarix">
<emphasis box="[1332,1452,344,365]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. paralarix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,373,395]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,373,395]" pageId="13">- Leaf margin revolute; flowers lilac to purple, rarely white................................................................................................................4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,403,425]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,403,425]" pageId="13">
4. Leaves 3-verticillate; plants decumbent. Northeast
<collectingCountry box="[700,759,403,425]" name="Brazil" pageId="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
..............................................................................................
<taxonomicName box="[1327,1451,403,424]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laricoides">
<emphasis box="[1327,1451,403,424]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. laricoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,432,454]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,432,454]" pageId="13">
- Leaves opposite; plants erect. Central-Western
<collectingCountry box="[663,722,432,454]" name="Brazil" pageId="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion box="[734,862,432,453]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="13">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
) ....................................................................
<taxonomicName box="[1287,1451,432,454]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="araguaiaensis">
<emphasis box="[1287,1451,432,454]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. araguaiaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,461,483]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,461,483]" pageId="13">5. Racemes frondose, indistinct from foliage, or racemes contracted at apex of branches....................................................................6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,491,513]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,491,513]" pageId="13">- Racemes bracteose, distinct from foliage, elongated, never contracted at apex of branches.............................................................9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,520,542]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,520,542]" pageId="13">
6. Branches, leaves and floral tubes with bifid-malpighiaceous trichomes, with two conspicuous arms.............................
<taxonomicName box="[1337,1451,520,541]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odonellii">
<emphasis box="[1337,1451,520,541]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. odonellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,549,571]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,549,571]" pageId="13">- Branches, leaves and floral tubes never with bifid-malpighiaceous trichomes..................................................................................7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,579,601]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,579,601]" pageId="13">
7. Leaves 3–5-verticillate; branches pubescent, mixed with glandular trichomes; floral tube atropurpureous ...................
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Graham" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[1335,1451,579,600]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
<emphasis box="[1335,1451,579,600]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. ericoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" pageId="13">
<keyLead pageId="13">- Leaves opposite; branches strigose, with one-armed trichomes, mixed with glandular trichomes; floral tube never atropurpureous ............................................................................................................................................................................................................8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" pageId="13">
<keyLead pageId="13">
8. Petals white, the dorsal smaller than the ventral; racemes short,
<quantity box="[823,912,667,689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–4 cm</quantity>
long, contracted at apex of branches .............................. ............................................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavalcanti" authorityYear="1991" box="[1247,1451,696,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cunninghamiifolia">
<emphasis box="[1247,1451,696,717]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. cunninghamiifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,725,747]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,725,747]" pageId="13">
- Petals pink, subequal; racemes elongate,
<quantity box="[605,688,725,747]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="13" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">9–15 cm</quantity>
long, not contracted at apex of branches.....................................
<taxonomicName box="[1304,1451,726,747]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rionegrensis">
<emphasis box="[1304,1451,726,747]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. rionegrensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,755,777]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,755,777]" pageId="13">
9. Leaf margin plane, rarely subrevolute; stem pubescent to glabrescent; ovary densely villous in dorsal region ........
<taxonomicName box="[1303,1451,755,776]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carajasensis">
<emphasis box="[1303,1451,755,776]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. carajasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,784,806]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,784,806]" pageId="13">- Leaf margin strongly revolute to the midvein; stem strigose, one-armed trichomes, and hirsute; ovary glabrous, rare pilose.......10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" pageId="13">
<keyLead pageId="13">
10. Leaves uniformly opposite; floral tubes small and slender, (4–)
<quantity box="[822,921,813,835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="5.85" valueMax="6.7" valueMin="5.0">5–6.7 mm</quantity>
long; stamens fully included, filaments free in middle third of floral tube...........................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName box="[1320,1452,843,864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuissima">
<emphasis box="[1320,1452,843,864]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. tenuissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" pageId="13">
<keyLead pageId="13">
- Leaves 3–4(–5)-verticillate at midstem, opposite distally; floral tubes larger and thicker, (6–)
<quantity box="[1107,1186,872,893]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
long; stamens exserted and subexserted, filaments free in upper third of floral tube ............................................................................................
<taxonomicName box="[1297,1451,902,923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissa">
<emphasis box="[1297,1451,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. praetermissa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,931,953]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,931,953]" pageId="13">
11. Floral tubes
<quantity box="[331,434,931,953]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="15.0">15–24 mm</quantity>
long, red-orange or yellow-green...............................................................................................................12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,960,982]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,960,982]" pageId="13">
- Floral tubes
<quantity box="[331,422,960,981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="4.0">4–13 mm</quantity>
long, purple or vinaceous in dorsal region, green ventrally, or yellow-green to pale green ........................13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,989,1011]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,989,1011]" pageId="13">
12. Floral tubes yellow-green; petals 6, pale yellow; racemes frondose, elongated.
<collectingCountry box="[965,1064,989,1011]" name="Venezuela" pageId="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.............................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="Graham &amp; Cavalcanti" authorityYear="1999" box="[1337,1451,990,1011]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congesta">
<emphasis box="[1337,1451,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. congesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1019,1041]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1019,1041]" pageId="13">
- Floral tubes red-orange; petals 0 or 6, red-orange; racemes bracteose, contracted at apex of branches.
<collectingCountry box="[1185,1244,1019,1041]" name="Brazil" pageId="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.................
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moricand" authorityYear="1847" box="[1348,1452,1019,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis box="[1348,1452,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1048,1070]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1048,1070]" pageId="13">13. Floral tubes completely yellow-green, rare pale green; petals yellow .............................................................................................14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1077,1099]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1077,1099]" pageId="13">- Floral tubes purple or vinaceous in dorsal region, green ventrally; petals pink, purple to red ........................................................16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,1107,1129]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,1107,1129]" pageId="13">
14. Floral tubes
<quantity box="[331,434,1107,1128]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10–13 mm</quantity>
long; branches with bifid-malpighiaceous or one-armed trichomes.
<collectingCountry box="[1086,1185,1107,1129]" name="Venezuela" pageId="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.....................
<taxonomicName box="[1317,1451,1107,1128]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anisoclada">
<emphasis box="[1317,1451,1107,1128]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. anisoclada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1136,1158]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1136,1158]" pageId="13">
- Floral tubes
<quantity box="[331,410,1136,1158]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 mm</quantity>
long; branches with other
<typeStatus box="[667,718,1136,1157]" pageId="13">types</typeStatus>
of trichomes.
<collectingCountry box="[856,915,1136,1158]" name="Brazil" pageId="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.....................................................................................15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" pageId="13">
<keyLead pageId="13">
15. Leaves strigose, one-armed trichomes, mixed with sparse glandular trichomes; floral tubes
<quantity box="[1080,1176,1165,1187]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="6.1" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="5.0">5–7.2 mm</quantity>
long, pubescent and glandular. Rocky fields of the Espinhaço Range (“campo rupestre”) ..........................................................................................
<taxonomicName box="[1336,1452,1195,1216]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriflora">
<emphasis box="[1336,1452,1195,1216]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. auriflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" pageId="13">
<keyLead pageId="13">
- Leaves usually glabrous, sometimes glandular-ciliate margin; floral tubes
<quantity box="[921,1001,1224,1245]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous or just glandular. Sandy coastal plains (“restinga”)....................................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sprengel" authorityYear="1818" box="[1375,1451,1253,1275]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis box="[1375,1451,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1283,1305]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1283,1305]" pageId="13">
16. Floral tubes
<quantity box="[331,410,1283,1305]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
long; stamens fully included, filaments free in middle third of floral tube...................................
<taxonomicName box="[1324,1452,1283,1304]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">
<emphasis box="[1324,1452,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. micrantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" pageId="13">
<keyLead pageId="13">
- Floral tubes
<quantity box="[331,409,1312,1334]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 mm</quantity>
long; stamens exserted to subexserted, filaments free in upper third of floral tube, when free in middle third, one bract of the pair much smaller in size (
<taxonomicName box="[622,785,1341,1363]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inaequalifolia">
<emphasis box="[622,785,1341,1363]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. inaequalifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) .........................................................................................................17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1371,1393]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1371,1393]" pageId="13">
17. Racemes with unequal bract pairs, with one of the bracts of the pair much smaller in size .....................................
<taxonomicName box="[1288,1452,1371,1392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inaequalifolia">
<emphasis box="[1288,1452,1371,1392]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. inaequalifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1400,1422]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1400,1422]" pageId="13">- Racemes with subequal bract pairs...................................................................................................................................................18</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1429,1451]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1429,1451]" pageId="13">18. Racemes bracteose, elongated, distinct from the foliage .................................................................................................................19</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1459,1481]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1459,1481]" pageId="13">- Racemes frondose to frondose-bracteose, indistinct from foliage ...................................................................................................21</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1488,1510]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1488,1510]" pageId="13">
19. Leaves imbricate, coriaceous, ovate to broad-ovate, base cordate...................................................................................
<taxonomicName box="[1332,1452,1488,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bahiensis">
<emphasis box="[1332,1452,1488,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. bahiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1452,1517,1539]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1517,1539]" pageId="13">- Leaves not imbricate, membranaceous, narrow-ovate, base acute, obtuse to truncate ....................................................................20</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,1547,1569]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,1547,1569]" pageId="13">
20. Ovary densely villous in dorsal region; branches pubescent to glabrescent.
<collectingCountry box="[930,989,1547,1569]" name="Brazil" pageId="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Pará).........................................
<taxonomicName box="[1303,1451,1547,1568]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carajasensis">
<emphasis box="[1303,1451,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. carajasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,1576,1598]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,1576,1598]" pageId="13">
- Ovary glabrous to pilose; branches strigose, one-armed trichomes.
<collectingCountry box="[853,952,1576,1598]" name="Venezuela" pageId="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[998,1093,1576,1598]" name="Colombia" pageId="13">Colombia</collectingCountry>
..........................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1824" box="[1349,1451,1576,1597]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis box="[1349,1451,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,1605,1627]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,1605,1627]" pageId="13">
21. Branches, leaves and floral tubes with bifid-malpighiaceous trichomes, with two conspicuous arms.............................
<taxonomicName box="[1337,1451,1605,1627]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odonellii">
<emphasis box="[1337,1451,1605,1627]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. odonellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,1452,227,1657]" box="[136,1451,1635,1657]" pageId="13">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,1635,1657]" pageId="13">
- Branches, leaves and floral tubes with glandular and one-armed appressed trichomes...........................................
<taxonomicName box="[1285,1451,1635,1656]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antisyphilitica">
<emphasis box="[1285,1451,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="13">C. antisyphilitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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