treatments-xml/data/03/C9/5A/03C95A0AFFCAFFE3FF56AB85FC0AF9F9.xml

<document id="50DD42E8541FD32DAB722DC29E39CEC1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.194503" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93c97456-1abb-49bf-aee5-40d6917e2b3b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="194503" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460214244472" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heim, Isabel &amp; Nickel, Michael" docDate="2010" docId="03C95A0AFFCAFFE3FF56AB85FC0AF9F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02422p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2422" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tethya leysae Heim &amp; Nickel, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFF02272FFCEFFEBFFC1AA0AFFDCFF98" masterDocTitle="Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698236885593" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3CD9F99E26B5F53582E6682901FB1752">Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7B3419C99B64F70FB148A62D100D6FAD">Heim, Isabel</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C37AB897FFCAFFEFFF56AB85FE40FE31" box="[151,412,399,425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCAFFEFFF56AB85FE40FE31" blockId="4.[151,412,399,425]" box="[151,412,399,425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0975C70FFCAFFEFFF56AB85FE40FE31" bold="true" box="[151,412,399,425]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFF56AB85FE40FE31" bold="true" box="[151,412,399,425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFCAFFEFFF56AB85FEEBFE31" box="[151,311,399,425]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFF56AB85FEEBFE31" bold="true" box="[151,311,399,425]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tethya leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFCAFFEFFEFEAB85FE40FE31" box="[319,412,399,425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37AB897FFCAFFEFFF56ABDDFCD0FD1F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCAFFEFFF56ABDDFC83FE6A" blockId="4.[151,1437,471,1207]" box="[151,863,471,498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFF56ABDDFECEFE69" bold="true" box="[151,274,471,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="54DB55BEFFCAFFEFFF56ABDDFED2FE69" box="[151,270,471,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
NHM 2009.5.1.1, Leg. Sally P. Leys, 
<date id="FFDECDDCFFCAFFEFFD15ABD2FC87FE6A" box="[724,859,472,498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2003-06-25">25.06.2003</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCAFFEFFF05ABF7FCBBFD8F" blockId="4.[151,1437,471,1207]" box="[196,871,509,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFF05ABF7FEE3FD8F" bold="true" box="[196,319,509,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="54DB55BEFFCAFFEFFF05ABF7FEE6FD8F" box="[196,314,509,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED7173D9FFCAFFEFFE86ABF7FEA1FD8F" box="[327,381,509,535]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fsza-b08k" name="Phyletisches Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PMJ</collectionCode>
Porif 287, Leg. Sally P. Leys, 
<date id="FFDECDDCFFCAFFEFFD22ABF7FCBBFD8F" box="[739,871,509,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2006-09-27">27.09.2006</date>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFF05A828FEB1FDA4" bold="true" box="[196,365,546,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="54DB55BEFFCAFFEFFF05A828FEDDFDA4" box="[196,257,546,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Rocky hard bottom substrate in the shallow Infralittoral (
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depth) near Ohiat Islet, Northeast Pacific, Barkley Sound, Bamfield, Vancouver Island, British 
<collectingCountry id="F377AB8CFFCAFFEFFBF8A842FB66FDFA" box="[1081,1210,584,610]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Columbia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F377AB8CFFCAFFEFFB08A842FAF5FDFA" box="[1225,1321,584,610]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCAFFEFFAFAA842FA55FDFA" box="[1339,1417,584,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1255,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1255,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Type locality of T. leysae sp. nov. in the Northeast Pacific, around Ohiat Islet, Barkley Sound, near Bamfield, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, North America." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), coordinates 
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, 51’3’’ 
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.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCAFFEFFF07A898FE7EFCFF" blockId="4.[151,1437,471,1207]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFF07A898FE9AFD34" bold="true" box="[198,326,658,684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFCAFFEFFE92A898FE29FD33" box="[339,501,658,683]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFE92A898FE29FD33" box="[339,501,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tethya leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFDC3A898FDB9FD34" bold="true" box="[514,613,658,684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFCAFFEFFDC3A898FDB9FD34" box="[514,613,658,684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is the only 
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<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFCC3A898FC91FD33" box="[770,845,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tethya</emphasis>
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species in the NE Pacifc possessing a massive uniform cortex with few lacunae and densely packed megasters (oxyspherasters 41-115 µm; R/C 0.41), which are larger and display shorter rays compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFCAFFEFFD05A8D7FCAEFD6E" box="[708,882,733,758]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFD05A8D7FCAEFD6E" box="[708,882,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It also lacks the alveolar exocortex and the bilayered megastrer distribution typical for 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFCAFFEFFDBAA908FCF4FC83" box="[635,808,770,795]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFDBAA908FCF4FC83" box="[635,808,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Two categories of oxeas/strongyloxeas, both slightly larger/thicker than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFCAFFEFFE52A922FD9CFCD9" box="[403,576,808,833]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFE52A922FD9CFCD9" box="[403,576,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: main (1580-2540 µm 
<date id="FFDECDDCFFCAFFEFFC91A922FC76FCDA" box="[848,938,808,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1953-10-18">x 18-53</date>
µm) and auxiliary (490-1490 µm 
<date id="FFDECDDCFFCAFFEFFAFBA922FA52FCDA" box="[1338,1422,808,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1930-10-07">x 7–30</date>
), lacking tylostrongyles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37AB897FFCAFFEFFF07A978FB6BFC2A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCAFFEFFF07A978FB6BFC2A" blockId="4.[151,1437,471,1207]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFF07A978FE8FFC14" bold="true" box="[198,339,882,908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</emphasis>
We have chosen the name in honor of Prof. Dr. Sally P. Leys, Edmonton, BC, 
<collectingCountry id="F377AB8CFFCAFFEFFAC0A978FA80FC14" box="[1281,1372,882,908]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Canada</collectingCountry>
, who collected and kindly provided the 
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specimens and is an inspiring colleague and friend.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37AB897FFCAFFE3FF07A9B7FA40FDD4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCAFFEFFF07A9B7FA9FFB2F" blockId="4.[151,1437,471,1207]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFF07A9B7FE83FC4F" bold="true" box="[198,351,957,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</emphasis>
General body morphology. The body is spherical, with a diameter of 5 
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x 
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</date>
cm (
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; 
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCAFFEFFAB4A9B7FF1CFC64" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,255,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,971]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – B. True to scale comparison between the habitus of T. leysae sp. nov. (A, paratype) and T. californiana (B; figure modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero, 1993). C. Tethya leysae sp. nov in situ in Barkley Sound. Asterisks indicate stalkless buds. The image is a scan of a diapositive; neither the used film material nor the scanner was color-calibrated; therefore, the colors might deviate from natural colors (image courtesy of S. Leys, Edmonton)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194505/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig 2A</figureCitation>
). Sections show an unambiguous division into a cortex region and a choanosomal core (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCAFFEFFB34A9E8FAE1FC64" box="[1269,1341,994,1020]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal and overall anatomy of T. leysae sp. nov. (resin slice preparation of the holotype). A. Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. B. – C. Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. D. – G. Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D &amp; E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E – F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194506/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). The colour in life is orange-yellow to light red (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCAFFEFFD57AE02FD02FBBA" box="[662,734,1032,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,255,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,971]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – B. True to scale comparison between the habitus of T. leysae sp. nov. (A, paratype) and T. californiana (B; figure modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero, 1993). C. Tethya leysae sp. nov in situ in Barkley Sound. Asterisks indicate stalkless buds. The image is a scan of a diapositive; neither the used film material nor the scanner was color-calibrated; therefore, the colors might deviate from natural colors (image courtesy of S. Leys, Edmonton)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194505/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). The colour in alcohol is white, with a greyish core (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCAFFEFFAACAE02FF1FFBDF" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,255,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,971]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – B. True to scale comparison between the habitus of T. leysae sp. nov. (A, paratype) and T. californiana (B; figure modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero, 1993). C. Tethya leysae sp. nov in situ in Barkley Sound. Asterisks indicate stalkless buds. The image is a scan of a diapositive; neither the used film material nor the scanner was color-calibrated; therefore, the colors might deviate from natural colors (image courtesy of S. Leys, Edmonton)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194505/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). In living specimens, the body is slightly contractile. However, the overal body consistency is incompressible. The verrucose surface is frequently loaded lightly with sediment. The surface lacks tubercles, filaments and stalked buds (at least they have not been found in the examined material). The cortex is dense and compact, with 
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in thickness. It lacks lacunae, but is packed with megasters (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCAFFEFFB5BAE97FB37FB2F" box="[1178,1259,1181,1207]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal and overall anatomy of T. leysae sp. nov. (resin slice preparation of the holotype). A. Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. B. – C. Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. D. – G. Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D &amp; E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E – F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194506/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCAFFEFFAE5AE97FAEAFB2F" box="[1316,1334,1181,1207]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,896,920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,874]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,874]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Virtual 3 D reconstructions of the cortical skeleton of T. leysae sp. nov. (holotype) imaged using synchrotron radiation-based x-ray micro computer tomography (SR µCT). The massive megasclere bundles reach diameters of up to 500 µm; there is no free space between asters and megasclere bundles as sometimes seen in other Tethya species; patchy aster-free regions are occupied by canals (tissue not visible in spicule-optimized SR µCT, see Nickel et al. 2006 a, b). A. – B. Block diagrams of cortex preparations from the holotype (A) and the paratype (B). C. Detail cropped from the paratype (coordinate system in mm). Additional 3 D-renderings of the holotype as well as the paratype are available upon request." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194507/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1FBB94FFCAFFEFFF56ADBDFC46F868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[151,1435,1255,1949]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCAFFEFFF56ADBDFC46F868" blockId="4.[151,1437,1975,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFF56ADBDFEFDF857" bold="true" box="[151,289,1975,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFCAFFEFFE27ADB2FD94F857" box="[486,584,1976,1999]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFE27ADB2FD94F857" box="[486,584,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFCAFFEFFD93ADBDFD72F857" box="[594,686,1975,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCAFFEFFD93ADBDFD72F857" bold="true" box="[594,686,1975,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the Northeast Pacific, around Ohiat Islet, Barkley Sound, near Bamfield, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, North America.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1FBB94FFCBFFEEFF56A9E8FB56FBC2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194505/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[151,1434,194,971]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCBFFEEFF56A9E8FB56FBC2" blockId="5.[151,1436,994,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCBFFEEFF56A9E8FEBDFC62" bold="true" box="[151,353,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2. A– B.</emphasis>
True to scale comparison between the habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFCBFFEEFCB9A9E9FC09FC62" box="[888,981,995,1018]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCBFFEEFCB9A9E9FC09FC62" box="[888,981,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFCBFFEEFC1DA9E8FBEFFC62" box="[988,1075,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCBFFEEFC1DA9E8FBEFFC62" bold="true" box="[988,1075,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A, paratype) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFCBFFEEFB3CA9E9FA40FC62" box="[1277,1436,995,1018]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCBFFEEFB3CA9E9FA40FC62" box="[1277,1436,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B; figure modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero, 1993). 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCBFFEEFD74AE08FD0CFB82" bold="true" box="[693,720,1026,1050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFCBFFEEFD16AE09FCB4FB82" box="[727,872,1027,1050]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCBFFEEFD16AE09FCB4FB82" box="[727,872,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tethya leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFCBFFEEFCB1AE09FC62FB82" box="[880,958,1027,1050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCBFFEEFC04AE09FBD4FB82" box="[965,1032,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">in situ</emphasis>
in Barkley Sound. Asterisks indicate stalkless buds. The image is a scan of a diapositive; neither the used film material nor the scanner was color-calibrated; therefore, the colors might deviate from natural colors (image courtesy of S. Leys, Edmonton).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCBFFEEFF07AE88FB76FA74" blockId="5.[151,1437,1154,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCBFFEEFF07AE88FE13FB04" bold="true" box="[198,463,1154,1180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Skeletal morphology.</emphasis>
The dense radiate bundles of main megascleres (oxeas and strongyloxeas) display diameters between 400–600 µm (see sections, 
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFD76AEA2FD27FB5A" box="[695,763,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal and overall anatomy of T. leysae sp. nov. (resin slice preparation of the holotype). A. Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. B. – C. Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. D. – G. Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D &amp; E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E – F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194506/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C, F; and microtomographic reconstructions, 
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFACEAEA2FA88FB5A" box="[1295,1364,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,896,920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,874]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,874]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Virtual 3 D reconstructions of the cortical skeleton of T. leysae sp. nov. (holotype) imaged using synchrotron radiation-based x-ray micro computer tomography (SR µCT). The massive megasclere bundles reach diameters of up to 500 µm; there is no free space between asters and megasclere bundles as sometimes seen in other Tethya species; patchy aster-free regions are occupied by canals (tissue not visible in spicule-optimized SR µCT, see Nickel et al. 2006 a, b). A. – B. Block diagrams of cortex preparations from the holotype (A) and the paratype (B). C. Detail cropped from the paratype (coordinate system in mm). Additional 3 D-renderings of the holotype as well as the paratype are available upon request." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194507/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A, B). The bundles terminate in compact cortical fans which are formed by the main and auxiliary megascleres and make up broad cortical tubercles (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFDE7AEF8FDABFA94" box="[550,631,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal and overall anatomy of T. leysae sp. nov. (resin slice preparation of the holotype). A. Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. B. – C. Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. D. – G. Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D &amp; E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E – F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194506/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
B) which contribute to the external verrucose appearance. Groups of auxiliary megascleres are also present interstitially in the choanosome between the main bundles (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFAEEAF12FAABFAAA" box="[1327,1399,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal and overall anatomy of T. leysae sp. nov. (resin slice preparation of the holotype). A. Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. B. – C. Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. D. – G. Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D &amp; E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E – F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194506/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C). The megasters (spherasters/oxyspherasters) are evenly and densely scattered throughout the whole cortex (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFF5EAF68FF2EFAE4" box="[159,242,1378,1404]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal and overall anatomy of T. leysae sp. nov. (resin slice preparation of the holotype). A. Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. B. – C. Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. D. – G. Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D &amp; E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E – F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194506/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
B, 3F, 4), but almost lacking in the peripheral 200–500 µm of the cortex (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFB9AAF68FB7CFAE4" box="[1115,1184,1378,1404]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal and overall anatomy of T. leysae sp. nov. (resin slice preparation of the holotype). A. Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. B. – C. Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. D. – G. Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D &amp; E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E – F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194506/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D) and in some basal parts of the cortex near the cortical-choanosomal boundary (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFC50AF82FC00FA3A" box="[913,988,1416,1442]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal and overall anatomy of T. leysae sp. nov. (resin slice preparation of the holotype). A. Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. B. – C. Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. D. – G. Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D &amp; E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E – F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194506/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E). Micrasters form a discrete layer allocated in the exopinacoderm surface (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFD42AFA7FD17FA5F" box="[643,715,1453,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1177]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Skeletal and overall anatomy of T. leysae sp. nov. (resin slice preparation of the holotype). A. Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. B. – C. Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. D. – G. Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D &amp; E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E – F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194506/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D) and are most dense in the peripheral cortex. In addition, micrasters are evenly but sparsely distributed throughout the cortex and the choanosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCBFFEEFF07AFF2FE3BF954" blockId="5.[151,1437,1154,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFCBFFEEFF07AFF2FEE8F98A" bold="true" box="[198,308,1528,1554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spicules.</emphasis>
The main megascleres are constituted by oxeas, anisostrongyles and strongyloxeas (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFA80AFF2FA50F98A" box="[1345,1420,1528,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1162,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A – D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E – F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), 1580–2540 µm (2049 ± 259 µm; n=40) in length, 18–53 µm (34 ± 7 µm; n=40) in diameter. Auxiliary megascleres are constituted by oxeas, anisostrongyles and strongyloxeas, 490–1490 µm (1055 ± 215 µm; n=128) in length, 7–30 µm (19 ± 5 µm; n=128) in diameter. Main and auxiliary megascleres form two significantly different length categories (independent t-test, p&lt;0.001; 
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFC21AC87FBF4F93F" box="[992,1064,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,259,745,769]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,206,714]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,197,721]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Morphometric correlations between megasters and megascleres in T. leysae sp. nov. A. Diameter of megasters vs. R / C ratio (ray length to radius of the massive spicule center), including linear fitted graphs. Choanosomal megasters (filled circles, Ch, n = 85) are significantly smaller (independent t-test; p &lt;0.001) than cortical megasters (filled triangles, Co, n = 227). The same applies to R / C values, which are significantly lower for choanosomal megasters (independent t-test; p &lt;0.001), indicating more solid megasters with shorter rays and / or relatively more solid centers. Both differences are also represented by the linear fitted graphs. B. Length of megascleres plotted vs. width. Main and auxiliary megascleres represent two significantly different size classes, in terms of both length and width (independent ttests, p &lt;0.001)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194509/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B), both of normal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFCBFFEEFF05ACD2FC1BF84A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1154,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The megasters are represented by spherasters to oxyspherasters of varying size and morphology, as evidenced by SEM and microtomography reconstructions (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFC49ACF7FC3EF88F" box="[904,994,1789,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1162,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A – D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E – F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
B, C, 6A and 7C, 
<tableCitation id="C6E2DEA7FFCBFFEEFB08ACF7FAC5F88F" box="[1225,1305,1789,1815]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[119,206,715,738]" captionText="TABLE 1. Part II. Megascleres. For references see part I." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). Cortical megasters (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFEDDAD28FEBCF8A4" box="[284,352,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1162,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A – D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E – F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B) display 8–20 rays and are 41–115 µm (84 ± 12 µm; n=40) in diameter with R/Cs of 0.34– 0.69 (0.46 ± 0.07; n=227). Choanosomal megasters (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFCEFAD42FCA5F8FA" box="[814,889,1864,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1162,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A – D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E – F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C) display 12–18 rays and are 24–81 µm in diameter, with R/Cs of 0.25–0.81 (0.41 ± 0.1; n=85). The form of the rays varies in both regions from slender to stout (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFCBFFEEFEC0AD98FE95F834" box="[257,329,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1162,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A – D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E – F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B, C). A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (independent t-test, p&lt;0.001) suggests that choanosomal oxyspherasters size is significantly smaller than in cortical megasters.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1FBB94FFC8FFEDFF56AEA4FA88FA7D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194506/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[151,1435,194,1175]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC8FFEDFF56AEA4FA88FA7D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1198,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFF56AEA4FEC5FB5E" bold="true" box="[151,281,1198,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Skeletal and overall anatomy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC8FFEDFDBBAEA5FD0BFB5E" box="[634,727,1199,1222]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFDBBAEA5FD0BFB5E" box="[634,727,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC8FFEDFD1CAEA4FCEFFB5E" box="[733,819,1198,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFD1CAEA4FCEFFB5E" bold="true" box="[733,819,1198,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(resin slice preparation of the holotype). 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFB2DAEA4FADAFB5E" bold="true" box="[1260,1286,1198,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A.</emphasis>
Cross section through cortex (Co) and choanosome (Ch); radial megasclere bundles (rMSB) fan out slightly in the peripheral cortex region. 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFF2CAEE4FE9CFA9E" bold="true" box="[237,320,1262,1286]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. – C.</emphasis>
Details of the cortex (B) and choanosome (C). The cortex appears solid with almost no subdermal lacunae; it is densely filled with megasters, in contrast to the very low megaster density of the choanosome. Auxiliary megascleres (aMS) are present in the cortical megasclere bundle fans and separately or grouped in the choanosome. 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFAAFAF24FF70FAFE" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D. – G.</emphasis>
Asters in the cortex and the choanoderm; peripheral micrasters (ma) are associated with the exopinacoderm (D); megasters (MA) dominate the cortex; the average distance between megasters is lower than one megaster diameter (D &amp; E, see Fig. 4); A peripheral cortical layer 200 – 400 µm thick is almost completely free of megasters (D), subcortical lacunae are present near the inner cortical boundary, thus appearing partly free of megascleres (E); the choanoderm is largely free of megasters (E–F) or they show up in clouds (G), with a much lower density compared to the cortex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC8FFEDFF05AC04FDF7F926" blockId="6.[151,1437,1550,1950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Micrasters (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFC8FFEDFE98AC04FE7FF9B0" box="[345,419,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1162,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A – D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E – F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D) fall into four categories: acanthoxyspherasters (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFC8FFEDFBDCAC04FBBCF9B0" box="[1053,1120,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1162,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A – D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E – F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 5</figureCitation>
D, top left), 10–19 µm in diameter with 10–12 rays (the main category); acanthostrongylasters (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFC8FFEDFBC3AC3EFB90F9D6" box="[1026,1100,1588,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1162,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A – D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E – F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D, top middle) 8–18 µm in diameter, with 8–12 rays; a few acanthotylasters with only slight terminal knobs (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFC8FFEDFB98AC53FB42F9EB" box="[1113,1182,1625,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1162,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A – D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E – F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D, top right), 6–8 µm in diameter, with 10–14 slightly spinulated rays; and small oxyspherasters (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFC8FFEDFBF1AC74FBA5F900" box="[1072,1145,1662,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,259,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1162,1737]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A – D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E – F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D, bottom), 4–10 µm in diameter, with 10–15 slender rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC8FFEDFF07ACC3FE80F8B6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1550,1950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFF07ACC3FE05F97B" bold="true" box="[198,473,1737,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Molecular characters.</emphasis>
The nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (Folmer fragment) are accessible in Genbank (
<typeStatus id="54DB55BEFFC8FFEDFE25ACE4FD88F890" box="[484,596,1774,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<accessionNumber id="943376FFFFC8FFEDFDA1ACE4FD35F890" box="[608,745,1774,1800]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ292532" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">GQ292532</accessionNumber>
; 
<typeStatus id="54DB55BEFFC8FFEDFD37ACE4FCBFF890" box="[758,867,1774,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
: 
<accessionNumber id="943376FFFFC8FFEDFCAEACE4FC2BF890" box="[879,1015,1774,1800]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/GQ292533" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">GQ292533</accessionNumber>
) and at www.spongebarcoding.org (record no. 222).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC8FFEDFF05AD33FD86F806" blockId="6.[151,1437,1550,1950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The base pair exchanges in the COI fragment and the deduced amino acid sequences (Tab. 2) clearly distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC8FFEDFEDEAD55FE59F8E0" box="[287,389,1887,1912]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFEDEAD55FE59F8E0" box="[287,389,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC8FFEDFE4CAD54FE37F8E0" box="[397,491,1886,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFE4CAD54FE37F8E0" bold="true" box="[397,491,1886,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC8FFEDFDF5AD55FD3EF8E0" box="[564,738,1887,1912]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFDF5AD55FD3EF8E0" box="[564,738,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(4 nt/2 aa), 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC8FFEDFCB3AD55FA47F8E0" authority="Sara, Sara, Nickel &amp; Brummer, 2001" authorityName="Sara, Sara, Nickel &amp; Brummer" authorityYear="2001" box="[882,1435,1886,1912]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFCB3AD55FC3CF8E0" box="[882,992,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. minuta</emphasis>
Sarà, Sarà, Nickel &amp; Brümmer, 2001
</taxonomicName>
(22 nt/3 aa) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC8FFEDFE96AD8EFE1AF805" box="[343,454,1924,1949]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="actinia">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC8FFEDFE96AD8EFE1AF805" box="[343,454,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. actinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(18 nt/3 aa).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1FBB94FFC9FFECFF56A98AFF30FBCF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194507/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1434,194,874]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC9FFECFF56A98AFF30FBCF" blockId="7.[151,1436,896,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFF56A98AFEC4FC00" bold="true" box="[151,280,896,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Virtual 3D reconstructions of the cortical skeleton of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC9FFECFC95A98AFC6DFC0F" box="[852,945,896,919]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFC95A98AFC6DFC0F" box="[852,945,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC9FFECFC76A98AFBD0FC00" box="[951,1036,896,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFC76A98AFBD0FC00" bold="true" box="[951,1036,896,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype) imaged using synchrotron radiation-based x-ray micro computer tomography (SR µCT). The massive megasclere bundles reach diameters of up to 500 µm; there is no free space between asters and megasclere bundles as sometimes seen in other 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC9FFECFB6CA9CAFB2DFC4F" box="[1197,1265,960,983]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFB6CA9CAFB2DFC4F" box="[1197,1265,960,983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tethya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species; patchy aster-free regions are occupied by canals (tissue not visible in spicule-optimized SR µCT, see Nickel 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFB12A9EAFAD5FC6F" box="[1235,1289,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2006a, b). 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFA43A9EAFF1AFB80" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. – B.</emphasis>
Block diagrams of cortex preparations from the holotype (A) and the paratype (B). 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFBAEAE0AFB56FB80" bold="true" box="[1135,1162,1024,1048]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C.</emphasis>
Detail cropped from the paratype (coordinate system in mm). Additional 3D-renderings of the holotype as well as the paratype are available upon request.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1FBB94FFC9FFECFF56ACD4FCA2F8CE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194508/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1434,1162,1736]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC9FFECFF56ACD4FCA2F8CE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1758,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFF56ACD4FEFCF96E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1758,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Spicule types of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC9FFECFE26ACD5FD96F96E" box="[487,586,1759,1782]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFE26ACD5FD96F96E" box="[487,586,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC9FFECFD92ACD4FD73F96E" box="[595,687,1758,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFD92ACD4FD73F96E" bold="true" box="[595,687,1758,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A–D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC9FFECFB6DACD5FA89F96E" box="[1196,1365,1759,1782]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFB6DACD5FA89F96E" box="[1196,1365,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E–F; drawings modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFE3DAD14FDCBF8AE" bold="true" box="[508,535,1822,1846]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A.</emphasis>
Main and auxiliary megascleres. 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFC5BAD14FC68F8AE" bold="true" box="[922,948,1822,1846]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B.</emphasis>
The highly variable cortical megasters. 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFA40AD14FA41F8AE" bold="true" box="[1409,1437,1822,1846]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C.</emphasis>
Choanodermal megasters. 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFE73AD34FE10F8CE" bold="true" box="[434,460,1854,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D.</emphasis>
Micrasters. 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFD90AD34FDB5F8CE" bold="true" box="[593,617,1854,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E.</emphasis>
Megasters. 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC9FFECFD2AAD34FD21F8CE" bold="true" box="[747,765,1854,1878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">F.</emphasis>
Micrasters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC6FFE3FF07AA9DFBEAFF4F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF07AA9DFEA6FF29" bold="true" box="[198,378,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Reproduction.</emphasis>
Asexual reproduction by bud formation near the sponge surface is indicated (
<figureCitation id="135BF799FFC6FFE3FAF6AA92FA5DFF2A" box="[1335,1409,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A – B" captionStartId="5.[151,255,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,194,971]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,194,973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A – B. True to scale comparison between the habitus of T. leysae sp. nov. (A, paratype) and T. californiana (B; figure modified from Sarà &amp; Corriero, 1993). C. Tethya leysae sp. nov in situ in Barkley Sound. Asterisks indicate stalkless buds. The image is a scan of a diapositive; neither the used film material nor the scanner was color-calibrated; therefore, the colors might deviate from natural colors (image courtesy of S. Leys, Edmonton)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/194505/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C; asterisks). No data exist to date on the sexual reproduction of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FCAAAAB7FC13FF4E" box="[875,975,189,214]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FCAAAAB7FC13FF4E" box="[875,975,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FC19AAB7FBEAFF4F" box="[984,1078,189,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FC19AAB7FBEAFF4F" bold="true" box="[984,1078,189,215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC6FFE3FF07AAE8FCE8FE2F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF07AAE8FEF3FF64" bold="true" box="[198,303,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ecology.</emphasis>
The 
<typeStatus id="54DB55BEFFC6FFE3FEAAAAE8FE41FF64" box="[363,413,226,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
habitat at Barkley Sound is infralittoral hard bottom influenced by strong tidal changes such as regular periods of strong currents. Usually, 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FCD0AB02FCA0FEB9" box="[785,892,264,289]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FCD0AB02FCA0FEB9" box="[785,892,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in aggregates of several specimens (presumably due to asexual reproduction by budding). Larger specimens of up to 
<quantity id="4C9846F9FFC6FFE3FBA8AB27FB79FEDF" box="[1129,1189,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
diameter sometimes cluster in sheltered small canyons of wave exposed areas. 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FC8FAB58FC32FEF3" box="[846,1006,338,363]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FC8FAB58FC32FEF3" box="[846,1006,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tethya leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FC37AB58FB89FEF4" bold="true" box="[1014,1109,338,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FC37AB58FB89FEF4" box="[1014,1109,338,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is most abundant in depths between 
<quantity id="4C9846F9FFC6FFE3FEC1AB72FEB4FE0A" box="[256,360,376,402]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 m</quantity>
with moderate water flow but no direct wave exposure or current. It usually lives in lighted conditions and on shaded rocks, but avoids dark habitats.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC6FFE3FF05ABC8FC2DFD9A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FEADABC8FE08FE43" box="[364,468,450,475]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FEADABC8FE08FE43" box="[364,468,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FE1DABC8FDE7FE44" box="[476,571,450,476]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FE1DABC8FDE7FE44" bold="true" box="[476,571,450,476]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are frequently found to be covered by debris which might be particulate organic matter, but also algae and other small epibionts like foraminifers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC6FFE3FF05A807FA40FDD4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
In some areas of Barkley Sound, it is the most obvious subtidal sponge. Other common sponges are 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FF56A838FEA2FDD3" box="[151,382,562,587]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanilla">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF56A838FEA2FDD3" box="[151,382,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Neopetrosia vanilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(de Laubenfels,1930) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FD7DA838FCD0FDD3" box="[700,780,562,587]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FD7DA838FCD0FDD3" box="[700,780,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (for a species list compare 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF196EDFFC6FFE3FBB3A838FA9EFDD4" author="Austin" box="[1138,1346,562,588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="18" refString="Austin, B., Ott, B., McDaniel, N. &amp; Romagosa, P. (1999 - 2007) An annotated checklist of marine invertebrates in the cold temperate northeast Pacific, Khoyatan Marine Laboratory. Available from: http: // www. mareco. org / KML / Projects / NEsponges. asp (12.6.2009)." type="book" year="1999">
Austin 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FB07A838FADDFDD3" box="[1222,1281,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
<date id="FFDECDDCFFC6FFE3FAC6A838FA9EFDD4" box="[1287,1346,562,588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1999" valueMax="2007">1999</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–2007).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37AB897FFC6FFE3FF07A85DFE52FBE4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC6FFE3FF07A85DFC86FD24" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF07A85DFEBBFDE9" bold="true" box="[198,359,599,625]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
At present, 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FE3CA852FDBFFDE9" box="[509,611,600,625]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FE3CA852FDBFFDE9" box="[509,611,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FDAEA85DFD13FDE9" box="[623,719,599,625]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FDAEA85DFD13FDE9" bold="true" box="[623,719,599,625]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has only been reported for its 
<typeStatus id="54DB55BEFFC6FFE3FB84A852FBABFDEA" box="[1093,1143,600,626]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
locality Barkley Sound, near Bamfield, British 
<collectingCountry id="F377AB8CFFC6FFE3FE65A877FDC7FD0F" box="[420,539,637,663]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Columbia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F377AB8CFFC6FFE3FDE6A877FD5FFD0F" box="[551,643,637,663]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Canada</collectingCountry>
. It is likely to occur more widely along the North American Pacific coast but its biogeographical limits are presently not known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC6FFE3FF07A8CDFCB1FCB4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF07A8CDFE4BFD79" bold="true" box="[198,407,711,737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Related species.</emphasis>
Comparative morphology (general anatomy, skeleton structure, megasclere and microsclere sizes, forms and distribution) suggests that 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FC8FA8E7FC64FC9E" box="[846,952,749,774]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FC8FA8E7FC64FC9E" box="[846,952,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FC05A8E7FBFBFC9F" box="[964,1063,749,775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FC05A8E7FBFBFC9F" bold="true" box="[964,1063,749,775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
might be closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FA47A8E7FECDFCB3" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurantium">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FA47A8E7FECDFCB3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. aurantium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FEDEA918FDA3FCB4" authority="Bowerbank, 1873" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1873" box="[287,639,786,812]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FEDEA918FE49FCB3" box="[287,405,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. robusta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF196EDFFC6FFE3FE65A918FDA4FCB4" author="Bowerbank" box="[420,632,786,812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1873) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part IV. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1873, 3 - 25, pls. I - IV." type="proceedings paper" year="1873">Bowerbank, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FD78A918FCBAFCB3" box="[697,870,786,811]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FD78A918FCBAFCB3" box="[697,870,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC6FFE3FF05A932FE52FBE4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
At present, 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FE8DA932FE27FCC9" box="[332,507,824,849]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FE8DA932FE27FCC9" box="[332,507,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be the only species which eventually occurs sympatrically. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FF56A957FF22FCEE" box="[151,254,861,886]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF56A957FF22FCEE" box="[151,254,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FEC6A957FEBAFCEF" box="[263,358,861,887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FEC6A957FEBAFCEF" bold="true" box="[263,358,861,887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be clearly distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FCC2A957FC6FFCEE" box="[771,947,861,886]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FCC2A957FC6FFCEE" box="[771,947,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the lack of an alveolar cortex and the extremely high density of megasters in the cortex. Another striking difference is the megaster morphology. Their R/C values differ significantly between 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FD29A9A2FC7AFC59" box="[744,934,936,961]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FD29A9A2FC7AFC59" box="[744,934,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FC27A9A2FB8BFC59" box="[998,1111,936,961]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FC27A9A2FB8BFC59" box="[998,1111,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FBA1A9ADFB1BFC59" box="[1120,1223,935,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FBA1A9ADFB1BFC59" bold="true" box="[1120,1223,935,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<tableCitation id="C6E2DEA7FFC6FFE3FB18A9A2FAF6FC5A" box="[1241,1322,936,962]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[119,206,715,738]" captionText="TABLE 1. Part II. Megascleres. For references see part I." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
) and the oxyspherasters of the latter rarely display bent rays. In addition, spherules have not been found among the micrasters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FEFBA9F8FE7EFB93" box="[314,418,1010,1035]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FEFBA9F8FE7EFB93" box="[314,418,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FE6AA9F8FDD7FB94" box="[427,523,1010,1036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FE6AA9F8FDD7FB94" bold="true" box="[427,523,1010,1036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
However, this character can only be accessed by extensive and very careful study of spicule preparations. In addition to the morphological differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FB54AE12FA96FBA9" box="[1173,1354,1048,1073]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FB54AE12FA96FBA9" box="[1173,1354,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FA47AE12FF3CFBCE" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FA47AE12FF3CFBCE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FF29AE37FE99FBCF" box="[232,325,1085,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF29AE37FE99FBCF" bold="true" box="[232,325,1085,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, extensive nucleotide (4 nt) and amino acid (2 aa) exchanges are present within the molecular marker COI (Tab. 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37AB897FFC6FFE3FF05AE82FC0AF9F9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC6FFE3FF05AE82FF26FA1A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FF05AE82FEB4FB39" box="[196,360,1160,1185]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF05AE82FEB4FB39" box="[196,360,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tethya leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FEB0AE8DFE08FB39" box="[369,468,1159,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FEB0AE8DFE08FB39" bold="true" box="[369,468,1159,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
also differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FD73AE82FC8CFB39" box="[690,848,1160,1185]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurantium">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FD73AE82FC8CFB39" box="[690,848,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. aurantium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in respect to cortex architecture, which is more massive and much more densely packed with megasters in the new species. In comparison to 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FB3AAEA7FA49FB5E" box="[1275,1429,1197,1222]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurantium">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FB3AAEA7FA49FB5E" box="[1275,1429,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. aurantium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the variance in relative ray length of the megasters is higher: while 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FC1BAED9FBA4FB74" box="[986,1144,1235,1260]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurantium">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FC1BAED9FBA4FB74" box="[986,1144,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. aurantium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays spherasters, 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FA47AED9FF3CFA89" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FA47AED9FF3CFA89" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FF26AEFDFE98FA89" box="[231,324,1271,1297]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF26AEFDFE98FA89" bold="true" box="[231,324,1271,1297]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
displays a range from spherasters to oxysherasters (compare data in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF196EDFFC6FFE3FBA4AEF2FA80FA8A" author="Sara" box="[1125,1372,1272,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" refString="Sara, M. &amp; Melone, N. (1965) Una nuova specie del genere Tethya, T. citrina sp. n. dal Mediterraneo (Porifera, Demospongiae). Atti della Societa Peloritana di Scienze fisiche matematiche e naturali, 11, 123 - 138." type="journal article" year="1965">Sarà &amp; Melone 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF196EDFFC6FFE3FAA6AEF2FEFFFAAF" author="Sara" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" refString="Sara, M., Bavestrello, G. &amp; Mensi, P. (1992) Redescription of Tethya norvegica Bowerbank (Porifera, Demospongiae), with remarks on the genus Tethya in the North East Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 21, 211 - 216." type="journal article" year="1992">
Sarà 
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF56AF17FF0BFAAE" box="[151,215,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
). In addition to the morphological differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FC1AAF17FBA0FAAE" box="[987,1148,1309,1334]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurantium">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FC1AAF17FBA0FAAE" box="[987,1148,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. aurantium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FB7BAF17FAF4FAAE" box="[1210,1320,1309,1334]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FB7BAF17FAF4FAAE" box="[1210,1320,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FAF1AF17FA48FAAF" box="[1328,1428,1309,1335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FAF1AF17FA48FAAF" bold="true" box="[1328,1428,1309,1335]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, extensive nucleotide (52 nt) and amino acid (4 aa) exchanges are present within the molecular marker COI (Tab. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFEB1CFFC6FFE3FF05AF87FC0AF9F9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FF05AF87FEADFA3E" box="[196,369,1421,1446]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FF05AF87FEADFA3E" box="[196,369,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tethya robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be the species with the most similar cortical architecture (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF196EDFFC6FFE3FB4CAF87FA87FA3F" author="Bowerbank" box="[1165,1371,1421,1447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1873) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part IV. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1873, 3 - 25, pls. I - IV." type="proceedings paper" year="1873">Bowerbank 1873</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF196EDFFC6FFE3FAA9AF87FEF3FA54" author="Sara" pageId="8" pageNumber="21" refString="Sara, M. &amp; Sara, A. (2004) A revision of Australian and New Zealand Tethya (Porifera: Demospongiae) with a preliminary analysis of species grouping. Invertebrate Systematics, 18, 117 - 156." type="journal article" year="2004">Sarà &amp; Sarà 2004</bibRefCitation>
), since in both species, megasters are so closely packed “that the rays of each pass between those of the adjoining ones, and the whole become, as it were, cemented into a solid mass” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF196EDFFC6FFE3FB79AFD2FA53FA6A" author="Bowerbank" box="[1208,1423,1496,1522]" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1873) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Part IV. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1873, 3 - 25, pls. I - IV." type="proceedings paper" year="1873">Bowerbank 1873</bibRefCitation>
). However, the megasters in 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FE13AFF7FD9BF98E" box="[466,583,1533,1558]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FE13AFF7FD9BF98E" box="[466,583,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
display a much higher number of rays (24–32) than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FACCAFF7FAACF98E" box="[1293,1392,1533,1558]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FACCAFF7FAACF98E" box="[1293,1392,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FAB8AFF7FF16F9A4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FAB8AFF7FF16F9A4" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Both species also differ in micraster 
<typeStatus id="54DB55BEFFC6FFE3FD40AC28FD1FF9A4" box="[641,707,1570,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FD0EAC29FCEFF9A4" box="[719,819,1571,1596]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FD0EAC29FCEFF9A4" box="[719,819,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FCFCAC28FC47F9A4" box="[829,923,1570,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FCFCAC28FC47F9A4" bold="true" box="[829,923,1570,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
lacks the fine rayed oxyasters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FAE7AC29FA45F9A4" box="[1318,1433,1571,1596]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FAE7AC29FA45F9A4" box="[1318,1433,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which in turn lacks the stout acanthoxyspherasters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C60909FFFC6FFE3FCCAAC42FCB3F9F9" box="[779,879,1608,1633]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="leysae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FCCAAC42FCB3F9F9" box="[779,879,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. leysae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2278A75FFC6FFE3FCB9AC4DFC0AF9F9" box="[888,982,1607,1633]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B914370EFFC6FFE3FCB9AC4DFC0AF9F9" bold="true" box="[888,982,1607,1633]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>