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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652" ID-GBIF-Dataset="db99327c-6b14-4d79-9a0c-4b8c941ca1bd" ID-PMC="PMC6160854" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-108-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="613AFFC18E03FFDEFFA1DB2FFF88FFAE" ID-PubMed="30275733" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1409868" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-108-25" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L." checkinTime="1553125367062" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O., Horn, Charles N. &amp; Almeida, Rafael F." docDate="2018" docId="818F62664FCAA7171AA65EBF82AAFDC9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 108: 25-83" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 108" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652" docTitle="Pontederia (Oshunae) subg. Oshunae M. Pell. &amp; C. N. Horn 2018, subg. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="613AFFC18E03FFDEFFA1DB2FFF88FFAE" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="613AFFC18E03FFDEFFA1DB2FFF88FFAE" masterDocTitle="Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L." masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1668139023691" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Horn, Charles N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Almeida, Rafael F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>108</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>25</mods:start>
<mods:end>83</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-108-25</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">613AFFC18E03FFDEFFA1DB2FFF88FFAE</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1409868</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472653" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:818F62664FCAA7171AA65EBF82AAFDC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/818F62664FCAA7171AA65EBF82AAFDC9" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
3.
<taxonomicName LSID="E321E01E-A890-539E-88D6-52C2B6D94E41" authority="M. Pell. &amp; C. N. Horn" authorityName="subg. Oshunae M. Pell. &amp; C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="subg. nov.">Pontederia subg. Oshunae M.Pell. &amp; C.N.Horn</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="25">subg. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pontederia subg. Oshunae M. Pell. &amp; C. N. Horn. A-B habit: A dense population of the pink-flowered form B detail of a population, showing the free-floating rosettes, stolons and inflated petioles C-D petiolate leaves: C blade D detail of a young leaf showing its blade enclosing the inflated petiole of the presiding leaf E-G inflorescence: E young inflorescence of a lilac-flowered form F inflorescence of a lilac-flowered form at anthesis G inflorescence of a pink-flowered form at anthesis H-J flowers: H oblique view of a lilac flower I detail of the nectar guide J detail of the androecium and gynoecium showing the glandular hairs. All photos of P. crassipes Mart.; A by C. Willig &amp; L. Nusbaumer B by O. Gaubert C by K. Pritchard &amp; S. A. Harris, D-F, H-I by R. Aguilar and G by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/225723" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Piaropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piaropus" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piaropus</taxonomicName>
Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 81. 1837, nom. rej. Type species.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raf" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Piaropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piaropus mesomelas" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mesomelas">Piaropus mesomelas</taxonomicName>
Raf., nom. illeg. (≡
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia crassipes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">Pontederia crassipes</taxonomicName>
Mart.).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia crassipes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Pontederia crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mart. [≡
<taxonomicName authorityName="Solms" authorityYear="1883" baseAuthorityName="Mart." class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Eichhornia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eichhornia crassipes" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Eichhornia crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mart.) Solms].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Herbs</emphasis>
perennial, aquatic, free-floating.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Rhizome</emphasis>
short and inconspicuous.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Stems</emphasis>
inconspicuous, unbranched, producing stolons.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Sessile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sessile leaves" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="leaves">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Sessile leaves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
early deciduous.
<taxonomicName genus="Petiolate" lsidName="Petiolate leaves" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="leaves">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Petiolate leaves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spirally-alternate, congested at the apex of the stem, emergent, ligule flabellate, petioles inflated, blades broadly ovate to cordate to reniform.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Main florescences (inflorescences)</emphasis>
terminal; inflorescence leaf without an inflated leaf-sheath; basal bract tubular; cincinni alternate, 1(-2)-flowered, sessile, internodes contracted.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Flowers</emphasis>
sessile, tristylous, zygomorphic, non-enantiostylous, perianth connate forming a tube, hypocrateriform, spirally-coiled at post-anthesis, deliquescent and loosely enclosing the developing fruit, 3 superior and 3 inferior, the central superior lobe with a nectar guide, consisting of 1 yellow spot, surrounded by a dark purple to bluish-purple blur; stamens dimorphic, filaments free from each other, J-shaped, glandular-pubescent, anthers dorsifixed, rimose; ovary with 3 fertile locules, multi-ovulate, septal nectaries present, style glandular-pubescent, stigma capitate to trilobate.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Capsules</emphasis>
loculicidal, oblongoid; anthocarp thin, smooth.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Seeds</emphasis>
oblongoid, testa longitudinally winged.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1409886" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/225723" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Oshunae" authorityName="subg. Oshunae M. Pell. &amp; C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pontederia subg. Oshunae</taxonomicName>
M.Pell. &amp; C.N.Horn.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
habit:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
dense population of the pink-flowered form
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
detail of a population, showing the free-floating rosettes, stolons and inflated petioles
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
petiolate leaves:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
blade
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
detail of a young leaf showing its blade enclosing the inflated petiole of the presiding leaf
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
inflorescence:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
young inflorescence of a lilac-flowered form
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">F</emphasis>
inflorescence of a lilac-flowered form at anthesis G inflorescence of a pink-flowered form at anthesis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
flowers:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">H</emphasis>
oblique view of a lilac flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">I</emphasis>
detail of the nectar guide J detail of the androecium and gynoecium showing the glandular hairs. All photos of
<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. crassipes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mart.;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
by C. Willig &amp; L. Nusbaumer
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
by O. Gaubert
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
by K. Pritchard &amp; S.A. Harris,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
by R. Aguilar and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
by M.O.O. Pellegrini.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="circumscription">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Circumscription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Oshunae" authorityName="subg. Oshunae M. Pell. &amp; C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pontederia subg. Oshunae</taxonomicName>
is monospecific, being composed solely by
<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. crassipes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Widespread throughout South America.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
The name of this new subgenus derives from the Yoruba words
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Oxum”">
&quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Oxum</emphasis>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Oshun”">
&quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Oshun</emphasis>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Osun”">
&quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Osun</emphasis>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
. These are the names given in the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Candomblé">Candomble</normalizedToken>
religion to the orisha (i.e. a deity that reflects one of the manifestations of God) mother and guardian of freshwater bodies.
<taxonomicName genus="Oshun" lsidName="Oshun" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="genus">Oshun</taxonomicName>
is known for her beauty and vanity, being also known as the deity of luxury, pleasure, sexuality, fertility, beauty and love. The sole species accepted in
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Oshunae" authorityName="subg. Oshunae M. Pell. &amp; C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pontederia subg. Oshunae</taxonomicName>
is commonly named &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<normalizedToken originalValue="mãe">mae</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’água">d'agua</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&quot; (i.e. mother of the freshwaters) in Brazil, also one of the popular names for
<taxonomicName genus="Oshun" lsidName="Oshun" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="genus">Oshun</taxonomicName>
. This popular name in Brazil makes reference to the
<normalizedToken originalValue="water-hyacinth’s">water-hyacinth's</normalizedToken>
ability to dominate freshwater environments, as well as its ability to produce beautiful flowers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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