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<mods:title id="F1DA1E1E432FD757922766C107551133">Study on the genus Onitis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the Indian Subcontinent, with three new species from India</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFED891D9D6FFB94FC3FFBCA" ID-CoL="74N7T" authority="Lansberge, 1875" authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1875" box="[622,966,1061,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9D6FFB94FD02FBCA" bold="true" box="[622,763,1061,1088]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Onitis lama</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9C03FB94FC3FFBCA" author="Lansberge G." box="[770,966,1061,1088]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref29884" refString="Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 11 (2): 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1875">Lansberge, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFED891D9DA5FBF9FCE8FBE8" box="[676,785,1096,1122]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[190,233,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[325,1212,290,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-1@32.[189,1398,262,1779]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 10. A. Onitisfeae Felsche, 1907, cotype, (image: Olaf Jäger, SNSD). B. O. humerosus (Pallas, 1771), BMNH (E) 1237143, (image: BMNH). C. O. lama Lansberge, 1875, syntype, ♂, MNHN EC4810, (image: Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN). D. O. naviauxi Cambefort, 1988, holotype, ♂, MNHN EC4807, (image: Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN). E. O. philemon Fabricius, 1801, lectotype, ZMUK Fabricius 003706, (image: Alexey Solodovnikov, ZMUC). F. O. punctatostriatus Janssens, 1937, holotype, ♂, (image: Jonathan Brecko, IRSNB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742879/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 10C</figureCitation>
, 
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, 
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFED891D9C73FBF9FC76FBE8" box="[882,911,1096,1122]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[227,1362,257,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-1@49.[212,1375,244,1888]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 19. Map showing the distribution of Onitislama Lansberge, 1875; O. naviauxi Cambefort, 1988; O. philemon Fabricius, 1801; O. punctatostriatus Janssens, 1937 and O. singhalensis Lansberge, 1875 in the Indian Subcontinent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742907/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">19</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9FBCFB3BFEBEFB2E" box="[189,327,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Onitislama</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9E4FFB3BFDC4FB2F" author="Lansberge G." box="[334,573,1162,1189]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref29884" refString="Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 11 (2): 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1875">Lansberge, 1875: 53</bibRefCitation>
, 123 (original description).
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<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFED891D9FBCFB7DFEBEFB6F" ID-CoL="74N7T" authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1875" box="[189,327,1227,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9FBCFB7DFEBEFB6F" box="[189,327,1227,1254]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Onitis lama</emphasis>
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– 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9E64FB7AFD1CFB6F" author="Preudhomme de Borre C. F. P. A." box="[357,741,1227,1254]" page="40" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9E64FB7AFD1CFB6F" author="Preudhomme de Borre C. F. P. A." box="[357,741,1227,1254]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref30731" refString="Preudhomme de Borre C. F. P. A. 1881. Bulletin ou Comptes-Rendus des Seances de la Societe entomologique de Belgique XXXIX." type="book" year="1881">Preudhomme De Borre 1881: 40</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogue). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9CA2FB7AFB97FB6F" author="Arrow G. J." box="[931,1134,1227,1253]" page="389" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9CA2FB7AFB97FB6F" author="Arrow G. J." box="[931,1134,1227,1253]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref26985" refString="Arrow G. J. 1931. The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Coleoptera Lamellicornia Part III, (Coprinae). Taylor &amp; Francis, London." type="book" year="1931">Arrow 1931: 389</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key and description). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9E13FB5FFE0CFA83" author="Balthasar V." box="[274,501,1262,1289]" page="88" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9E13FB5FFE0CFA83" author="Balthasar V." box="[274,501,1262,1289]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref27158" refString="Balthasar V. 1935. Scarabaeidae des palaarktischen Faunengebietes. Monographische Bestimmungstabelle. I. Coprinae I. Teil. Scarabaeini, Sisyphini, Panelini, Coprini, Onitini, Oniticellini. Edm. Reitter's Nachf. Emmerich Reitter, Troppau." type="book" year="1935">Balthasar 1935: 88</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(monograph); 1963: 44 (monograph). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9CF3FB5EFB32FA83" author="Janssens A." box="[1010,1227,1263,1289]" page="72" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9CF3FB5EFB32FA83" author="Janssens A." box="[1010,1227,1263,1289]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref29633" refString="Janssens A. 1937. Revision des Onitides. Deuxieme serie, fascicule 11. Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Brussels 11 (2)." type="journal volume" year="1937">Janssens 1937: 72</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(revision). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9FEBFAA0FE5FFAA1" author="Mittal I. C." box="[234,422,1297,1324]" page="46" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9FEBFAA0FE5FFAA1" author="Mittal I. C." box="[234,422,1297,1324]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="43 - 51" refId="ref30210" refString="Mittal I. C. 2005. Diversity and conservation status of dung beetles (Laparosticti: Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) in North India. Bulletin of National Institute of Ecology 15: 43 - 51." type="journal article" year="2005">Mittal 2005: 46</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9D84FAA0FC31FAA6" author="Bezdek A. &amp; Krell F. - T." box="[645,968,1297,1324]" page="159" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9D84FAA0FC31FAA6" author="Bezdek A. &amp; Krell F. - T." box="[645,968,1297,1324]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="158 - 159" refId="ref27342" refString="Bezdek A. &amp; Krell F. - T. 2006. Tribe Onitini. In: Lobl I. &amp; Smetana A. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. 158 - 159. Apollo Books, Stenstrup." type="book chapter" year="2006">Bezděk &amp; Krell 2006: 159</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9BA7FAA0FA8FFAA1" author="Sewak R." box="[1190,1398,1297,1324]" page="36" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9BA7FAA0FA8FFAA1" author="Sewak R." box="[1190,1398,1297,1324]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref31194" refString="Sewak R. 2009 a. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae) of Thar desert of Gujarat. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occassional Paper No 295: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="2009">Sewak 2009a: 36</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnosis, distribution); 2009b: 58 (diagnosis, distribution). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9CC8FA84FB36FAC5" author="Thakare V. &amp; Zade V. &amp; Chandra K. &amp; Gupta D." box="[969,1231,1333,1359]" page="78" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9CC8FA84FB36FAC5" author="Thakare V. &amp; Zade V. &amp; Chandra K. &amp; Gupta D." box="[969,1231,1333,1359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="73 - 80" refId="ref31359" refString="Thakare V., Zade V., Chandra K. &amp; Gupta D. 2012. Scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) of Melghat Tiger Reserve, Central India. Academic Journal of Entomology 5 (2): 73 - 80." type="journal article" year="2012">
Thakare 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9B2FFA87FB9FFAC5" box="[1070,1126,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2012: 78
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9E15FAE9FDB2FAF8" author="Siddiqui H. &amp; Ahmed Z. &amp; Khatri I." box="[276,587,1368,1394]" page="300" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9E15FAE9FDB2FAF8" author="Siddiqui H. &amp; Ahmed Z. &amp; Khatri I." box="[276,587,1368,1394]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="295 - 307" refId="ref31267" refString="Siddiqui H., Ahmed Z. &amp; Khatri I. 2014. Distributional notes and new records for the dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 46 (2): 295 - 307." type="journal article" year="2014">
Siddiqui 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9E85FAE8FE3DFAF8" box="[388,452,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2014: 300
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9C2EFAE9FBA0FAF8" author="Gupta D. &amp; Chandra K. &amp; Khan S." box="[815,1113,1368,1395]" page="1037" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9C2EFAE9FBA0FAF8" author="Gupta D. &amp; Chandra K. &amp; Khan S." box="[815,1113,1368,1395]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1025 - 1039" refId="ref29273" refString="Gupta D., Chandra K. &amp; Khan S. 2015. Studies on Tribe Onitini (Scarabaeinae: Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) from Madhya Pradesh with a Checklist from India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences volume 87: 1025 - 1039. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 40011 - 015 - 0676 - 9" type="journal article" year="2015">
Gupta 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9C82FAE8FC3AFAF8" box="[899,963,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2015: 1037
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9A1FFAE9FE98FA1F" author="Bezdek A." page="179" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9A1FFAE9FE98FA1F" author="Bezdek A." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="177 - 180" refId="ref27284" refString="Bezdek A. 2016. Scarabaeidae, subfamily Scarabaeinae, tribe Onitini. In: Lobl I. &amp; Lobl D. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition: 177 - 180. Brill, Leiden, Boston." type="book chapter" year="2016">Bezděk 2016: 179</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution). — 
<treatmentCitation id="5C7910D5FFED891D9D38FACAFCB1FA1F" author="Ghosh J. &amp; Das, P. &amp; Ghosh S. K. &amp; Bhunia D. &amp; Kushwaha R. K. &amp; Gupta D. &amp; Chandra K." box="[569,840,1403,1429]" page="238" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9D38FACAFCB1FA1F" author="Ghosh J. &amp; Das, P. &amp; Ghosh S. K. &amp; Bhunia D. &amp; Kushwaha R. K. &amp; Gupta D. &amp; Chandra K." box="[569,840,1403,1429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="221 - 275" refId="ref29141" refString="Ghosh J., Das, P., Ghosh S. K., Bhunia D., Kushwaha R. K., Gupta D., &amp; Chandra K. 2020. Insecta: Coleoptera. Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Haryana, State Fauna Series 24: 221 - 275." type="book chapter" year="2020">
Ghosh 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9D8FFACDFD30FA1F" box="[654,713,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2020: 238
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution). — 
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9B21FACAFAE2FA1F" author="Schoolmeesters P." box="[1056,1307,1403,1429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref31037" refString="Schoolmeesters P. 2022. Scarabs: World Scarabaeidae Database. In: Banki O., Roskov Y., Doring M., Ower G., Hernandez Robles D. R., Plata Corredor C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen T., Orn A., Vandepitte L., Hobern D., Schalk P., DeWalt R. E., Ma K., Miller J., Orrell T., Aalbu R., Abbott J., Adlard R., C. Aedo C. et al. (Version 2024 - 03 - 05). https: // doi. org / 10.48580 / dfz 6 w- 38 g" type="book" year="2022">Schoolmeesters 2022</bibRefCitation>
(online catalogue).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFED891D9FBCFA51FE46F9C1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFED891D9FBCFA51FE3FFA70" blockId="27.[189,454,1504,1530]" box="[189,454,1504,1530]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="862F81A8FFED891D9FBCFA51FE3FFA70" bold="true" box="[189,454,1504,1530]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9FBCFA51FE3FFA70" bold="true" box="[189,454,1504,1530]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFED891D9FBCF9BFFE46F9C1" blockId="27.[189,1398,1550,1612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9FBCF9BFFEBEF9A2" box="[189,327,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Onitislama</emphasis>
is the sole member of Group V (
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFED891D9DCAF9BFFC80F9A2" author="Janssens A." box="[715,889,1550,1576]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref29633" refString="Janssens A. 1937. Revision des Onitides. Deuxieme serie, fascicule 11. Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Brussels 11 (2)." type="journal volume" year="1937">Janssens 1937</bibRefCitation>
). It has an uninterrupted frontal carina, and a short clypeal carina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFED891B9FBCF9C2FEB3FEE0" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFED891D9FBCF9C2FE15F907" blockId="27.[189,492,1651,1677]" box="[189,492,1651,1677]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="862F81A8FFED891D9FBCF9C2FE15F907" bold="true" box="[189,492,1651,1677]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9FBCF9C2FE15F907" bold="true" box="[189,492,1651,1677]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFED891D9FEBF910FCACF8C2" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="R. Oberthur &amp; A. Janssens" country="India" location="INDIA" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="EC4810-EC4811" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFED891D9FEBF910FDFFF931" blockId="27.[189,1399,1697,1865]" box="[234,518,1697,1724]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9FEBF910FEA3F931" bold="true" box="[234,346,1697,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="02638866FFED891D9FEBF910FEA3F931" box="[234,346,1697,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFED891D9E6AF913FE07F931" box="[363,510,1697,1724]" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFED891D9FBCF974FCA0F8C2" blockId="27.[189,1399,1697,1865]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFED891D9FBCF974FEF7F955" box="[189,270,1733,1759]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">INDIA</collectingCountry>
• 2 “ 
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFED891D9E51F974FE79F955" box="[336,384,1733,1759]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
; 
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFED891D9E8FF974FDCFF955" authority="Lansb." authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1875" box="[398,566,1733,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">
“ 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9E9AF977FE27F955" box="[411,478,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lama</emphasis>
Lansb.
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFED891D9D3EF974FD82F955" box="[575,635,1733,1759]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">India</collectingCountry>
bor. Typus, Ex-Musaeo Van Lansberge, Museum Paris ex Coll. 
<collectorName id="702D5312FFED891D9FBCF958FEB3F888" box="[189,330,1768,1795]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. Oberthur</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="702D5312FFED891D9E53F959FE20F889" box="[338,473,1768,1795]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. Janssens</collectorName>
vid., 1936: 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9D60F959FD10F888" box="[609,745,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Onitislama</emphasis>
Lansb. 1875, Type, Syntype; Polsky, Himalaya, 
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFED891D9A1BF959FA8EF888" authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1875" box="[1306,1399,1768,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9A1BF959FA8EF888" box="[1306,1399,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">O. lama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
typ. Lansbrg., Ex musaeo E. Harold, Museum Paris ex Coll. R. Oberthur, A. Janssens vid., 1936: 
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFED891D9A2EF8BDFE61F8C3" authority="Lansb., 1875" authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9A2EF8BDFF01F8C2" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Onitis lama</emphasis>
Lansb., 1875
</taxonomicName>
, Syntype”; 
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFED891D9D22F89EFD84F8C3" box="[547,637,1839,1865]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFED891D9D85F89FFCACF8C2" box="[644,853,1838,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">EC4810–EC4811</specimenCode>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFED891D9FEBF8C1FCF5F800" blockId="27.[189,1399,1904,2001]" box="[234,780,1904,1930]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9FEBF8C1FD98F800" bold="true" box="[234,609,1904,1930]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Additional material examined</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFED891D9D73F8C1FCFDF800" box="[626,772,1904,1930]" count="9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFED891B9FBCF822FEB3FEE0" blockId="27.[189,1399,1904,2001]" lastBlockId="29.[189,1399,265,362]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFED891D9FBCF822FBF4F827" box="[189,1037,1939,1966]" collectingDate="1918" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Nevinson" country="India" location="Punjab" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="(E) 1237147" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Punjab">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFED891D9FBCF822FEF7F827" box="[189,270,1939,1965]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">INDIA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFED891D9E31F825FEB0F824" box="[304,329,1940,1966]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; “ 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFED891D9E64F822FE45F827" box="[357,444,1939,1965]" country="India" name="Punjab" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Punjab</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectorName id="702D5312FFED891D9ECDF822FDC5F827" box="[460,572,1939,1965]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nevinson</collectorName>
Coll. 
<collectingDate id="B922E9ECFFED891D9D8FF822FD37F827" box="[654,718,1939,1965]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">1918</collectingDate>
-14”; 
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFED891D9C10F825FC90F824" box="[785,873,1940,1966]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">BMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFED891D9C74F822FBF4F827" box="[885,1037,1939,1965]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">(E) 1237147</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFED891B9B2EF825FDF8FEA9" collectingDate="1953" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="H. G. C. &amp; H. G. Champion" country="India" determinerName="G. J. Arrow" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" location="Kumaon" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="(E) 1237148" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFED891D9B2EF825FBBFF824" box="[1071,1094,1940,1966]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
; “ 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFED891D9B62F822FB03F827" box="[1123,1274,1939,1965]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="D807601FFFED891D9A0BF825FA8BF824" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFED891B9D6FFB94FDACF99E:D807601FFFED891D9A0BF825FA8BF824" box="[1290,1394,1940,1966]" country="India" name="Kumaon" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Kumaon</location>
, 
<location id="D807601FFFED891D9FBCF806FEBDF85A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFED891B9D6FFB94FDACF99E:D807601FFFED891D9FBCF806FEBDF85A" box="[189,324,1974,2001]" country="India" name="W. Almora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">W. Almora</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFED891D9E52F807FE6AF85A" box="[339,403,1974,2000]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectorName id="702D5312FFED891D9EA3F807FE0EF85A" box="[418,503,1974,2000]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H.G.C.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="702D5312FFED891D9D09F807FD3FF85A" box="[520,710,1974,2000]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H.G. Champion</collectorName>
Coll., B.M. 
<collectingDate id="B922E9ECFFED891D9C64F807FC5DF85B" box="[869,932,1974,2001]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">1953</collectingDate>
-156., 
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFED891D9CF1F806FA8EF85A" authority=", Lansb., G. J. Arrow" authorityName="Lansb., G. J. Arrow" box="[1008,1399,1974,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFED891D9CF1F806FB75F85A" box="[1008,1164,1974,2001]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Onitis lama,</emphasis>
Lansb., 
<determinerName id="28BBDA00FFED891D9BF0F807FA8EF85A" box="[1265,1399,1974,2000]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">G.J. Arrow</determinerName>
</taxonomicName>
det.”; 
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFEB891B9E09FEBBFE99FEAE" box="[264,352,266,292]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">BMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFEB891B9E6BFEB8FDF8FEA9" box="[362,513,265,291]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">(E) 1237148</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="6DB03C99FFEB891B9D21FEBBFEBCFEE0" collectingDate="2016-12-20" collectingMethod="open cow dung bait trap" collectionCode="ZSIM, AIMB" collectorName="Chian" country="India" determinerName="J. J. E. Gillet" location="Tirunelveli" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="Co/Sc1000306 to 1000309" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFEB891B9D21FEBBFDC0FEAE" box="[544,569,266,292]" count="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; “ 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEB891B9D54FEB8FD1BFEA9" box="[597,738,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Onitislama</emphasis>
, Det. 
<determinerName id="28BBDA00FFEB891B9C31FEBBFC39FEA9" box="[816,960,265,292]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">J.J.E. Gillet</determinerName>
; 
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFEB891B9CCFFEB8FBEDFEA9" box="[974,1044,265,291]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">ZSIM</collectionCode>
• 
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFEB891B9B32FEB8FB83FEAE" box="[1075,1146,265,292]" count="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="CBDEFD4DFFEB891B9B8BFEB8FB29FEAE" box="[1162,1232,265,292]" count="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFEB891B9BE0FEB8FA8AFEA9" box="[1249,1395,265,291]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="D807601FFFEB891B9FBCFE9DFEB8FECC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFED891B9D6FFB94FDACF99E:D807601FFFEB891B9FBCFE9DFEB8FECC" box="[189,321,300,326]" country="India" name="Tirunelveli" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Tirunelveli</location>
, 
<location id="D807601FFFEB891B9E4EFE9DFE12FECC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:557187D2FFED891B9D6FFB94FDACF99E:D807601FFFEB891B9E4EFE9DFE12FECC" box="[335,491,300,326]" country="India" name="Radhapuram" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Radhapuram</location>
”; 
<collectingMethod id="04994ED3FFEB891B9D02FE9CFCD3FECD" box="[515,810,300,327]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">open cow dung bait trap</collectingMethod>
, 
<date id="A9661004FFEB891B9C36FE9DFC25FECC" box="[823,988,300,327]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2016-12-20">
<collectingDate id="B922E9ECFFEB891B9C36FE9DFC25FECC" box="[823,988,300,327]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2016-12-20">20 Dec. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="702D5312FFEB891B9CE8FE9DFBD6FECC" box="[1001,1071,300,326]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chian</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectionCode id="BBC9AE01FFEB891B9B72FE9DFB39FECC" box="[1139,1216,300,326]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">AIMB</collectionCode>
/ 
<specimenCode id="8D7E9EBFFFEB891B9BC8FE9DFEBCFEE0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Co/Sc1000306 to 1000309</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="89A7664CFFEA891A9FBCF8D5FDFBF862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13742873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742873/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[189,232,1892,1918]" targetBox="[295,1242,313,1806]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFEA891A9FBCF8D5FDFBF862" blockId="28.[189,1399,1892,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEA891A9FBCF8D5FEF5F8F5" bold="true" box="[189,268,1892,1919]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
Aedeagus, lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views. 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEA891A9C7AF8D5FC4DF8F5" bold="true" box="[891,948,1892,1919]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A–D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEA891A9CC4F8D4FBA4F8F5" box="[965,1117,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Onitiskethai</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F49F57ADFFEA891A9B67F8D4FB3CF8F5" box="[1126,1221,1893,1919]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, NIM/NBAIR/ COL/ONIT/H-271023B. 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEA891A9EE4F839FDE7F828" bold="true" box="[485,542,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E–H</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFEA891A9D2BF839FC8AF828" authority="Fabricius, 1801" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1801" box="[554,883,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philemon">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEA891A9D2BF839FD41F828" box="[554,696,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">O. philemon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFEA891A9DBCF839FC8AF828" author="Fabricius J. C." box="[701,883,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref29058" refString="Fabricius J. C. 1801. Systema Eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Volume 2. Impensis Bibliopolii novi academici, Kiel." type="book" year="1801">Fabricius,1801</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,AIMB/Co/Sc1000317. 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEA891A9B8BF839FB41F828" bold="true" box="[1162,1208,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">I–L</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFEA891A9BC5F839FE70F84C" authority="Lansberge, 1875" authorityName="Lansberge, AIMB" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singhalensis">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEA891A9BC5F839FA8FF828" box="[1220,1398,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">O. singhalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFEA891A9FBCF81AFE70F84C" author="Lansberge G." box="[189,393,1963,1990]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref29884" refString="Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 11 (2): 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1875">Lansberge, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, AIMB/Co/Sc1000684. 
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEA891A9DB9F81AFD0CF84F" bold="true" box="[696,757,1963,1989]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M–P</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="1AD84D47FFEA891A9C0DF81DFC61F84F" authorityName="Karimbumkara &amp; Priyadarsanan" authorityYear="2024" box="[780,920,1963,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="visthara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEA891A9C0DF81DFC61F84F" box="[780,920,1963,1990]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">O. visthara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F49F57ADFFEA891A9CA9F81DFBF2F84C" box="[936,1035,1964,1990]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, NIM/NBAIR/COL/ONIT/H- 271023C. (Images: AIMB).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFEB891B9FBCFE20FE10FAB1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFEB891B9FBCFE20FEB7FE21" blockId="29.[189,334,401,427]" box="[189,334,401,427]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="862F81A8FFEB891B9FBCFE20FEB7FE21" bold="true" box="[189,334,401,427]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEB891B9FBCFE20FEB7FE21" bold="true" box="[189,334,401,427]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFEB891B9FBCFE0EFCEBFE53" blockId="29.[189,786,447,474]" box="[189,786,447,474]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MEASUREMENTS (in mm). TL=19–24, BW =11–13.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFEB891B9FEBFDB0FED3FD91" blockId="29.[189,1399,513,1032]" box="[234,298,513,539]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEB891B9FEBFDB0FED3FD91" bold="true" box="[234,298,513,539]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFEB891B9FBCFD95FD25FB82" blockId="29.[189,1399,513,1032]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Black, shining; head with an entire, strongly elevated, slightly arcuate frontal carina, clypeal carina short, curved, closer to clypeal margin; pronotum distinctly, moderately closely punctured anteriorly and extremely minutely behind; front angles blunt, sides strongly rounded, base completely margined and lobed between basal foveae; elytra with fine striae, smooth intervals, sutural intervals with few scattered punctures, posterior edge with short fringe of erect yellow hairs; pygidium smooth, opaque with very minute scanty punctures; metasternum with a narrow longitudinal groove, metasternal shield smooth in the middle and behind, flat and fairly strongly punctured anteriorly and sides, the sides of the metasternum densely punctured and hairy. Clypeus deeply excised in the middle, not very closely rugulose; posterior part of head very finely and sparsely punctured; profemur with a very sharp oblique tooth beyond the middle of its lower edge, protibia elongate, armed with four short external teeth, a strong sharp tooth on the lower face before the middle and three or four minute tubercles and an incurved apical process, hind femur rather long, straight with a tooth near the end of the lower edge, trochanter little produced at the tip and hind tibia finely serrate along its inner edge.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFEB891B9FBCFB9EFE70FB05" blockId="29.[189,1398,1071,1168]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
AEDEAGUS (in mm) (
<figureCitation id="45E32A41FFEB891B9EB2FB9EFDC7FBC3" box="[435,574,1071,1097]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1913,1939]" captionTargetBox="[295,1282,334,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-42@33.[189,1398,262,1833]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 11. Aedeagus, lateral, dorsal, ventral and apical views. A–D. Onitiscastaneus Kollar, 1844, AIMB/ Co/Sc1000027. E–H. O. feae Felsche, 1907, AIMB/Co/Sc1000188. I–L. O. lama Lansberge, 1875, AIMB/Co/Sc1000307. (Images: AIMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742881/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 11I– L</figureCitation>
). LP=3.035, Lp= 2.57; BP=1.43, BpB =0.93, BpT=0.36. Phallobase longer than parameres which are blunt, slightly sinuate near the base, curved inwards anteriorly and hooked at the tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFEB891B9FEBFB06FEBCFB5B" blockId="29.[189,1399,1207,1339]" box="[234,325,1207,1233]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEB891B9FEBFB06FEBCFB5B" bold="true" box="[234,325,1207,1233]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFEB891B9FBCFB6BFE10FAB1" blockId="29.[189,1399,1207,1339]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Clypeus closely rugulose, its front margin entire and slightly truncate, pronotum more strongly punctured anteriorly than male, protibia broad, armed with four blunt external teeth and a small articulated terminal spur.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C2654FFFEB891B9FBCFAD3FDACF99E" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFEB891B9FBCFAD3FEAFFAF6" blockId="29.[189,342,1378,1404]" box="[189,342,1378,1404]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="862F81A8FFEB891B9FBCFAD3FEAFFAF6" bold="true" box="[189,342,1378,1404]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EFACEAD6FFEB891B9FBCFAD3FEAFFAF6" bold="true" box="[189,342,1378,1404]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6736C4FFEB891B9FBCFA21FDACF99E" blockId="29.[189,1399,1424,1556]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFEB891B9FBCFA21FF07FA20" box="[189,254,1424,1450]" name="India" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">India</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFEB891B9E0BFA21FE34FA20" box="[266,461,1424,1450]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFEB891B9EDDFA21FDCEFA20" box="[476,567,1424,1450]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFEB891B9D44FA20FD52FA21" box="[581,683,1425,1451]" country="India" name="Haryana" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Haryana</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFEB891B9DBAFA21FC6EFA20" box="[699,919,1424,1450]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFEB891B9CA7FA21FBC5FA20" box="[934,1084,1424,1450]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
, Punjab, 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFEB891B9BAFFA21FADCFA20" box="[1198,1317,1424,1450]" country="India" name="Rajasthan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rajasthan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFEB891B9A32FA21FEF9FA44" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFEB891B9E0BFA05FE67FA44" box="[266,414,1460,1486]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1F1CF826FFEB891B9EA8FA05FDB5FA44" box="[425,588,1460,1486]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
. Other countries: 
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFEB891B9C19FA05FC98FA44" box="[792,865,1460,1486]" name="Nepal" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="A5CF7654FFEB891B9C6DFA05FC36FA44" box="[876,975,1460,1486]" name="Pakistan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(
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<bibRefCitation id="B9494B35FFEB891B9FBCFA66FEA4FA7B" author="Sewak R." box="[189,349,1495,1521]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref31194" refString="Sewak R. 2009 a. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae) of Thar desert of Gujarat. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occassional Paper No 295: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="2009">Sewak 2009a</bibRefCitation>
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>