<documentID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550"ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9049e0e-c87a-45c3-a571-3008b0108fce"ID-PMC="PMC7557330"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-162-45"ID-Pensoft-UUID="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2"ID-PubMed="33110384"ModsDocID="1314-2003-162-45"checkinTime="1602130058990"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Sylvester, Mitsy D. P. V. & Clark, Vincent Ralph"docDate="2020"docId="DD93F5FD94F758D4A874531194B095E3"docLanguage="en"docName="PhytoKeys 162: 45-69"docOrigin="PhytoKeys 162"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550"docTitle="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. caprina var. caprina Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 443. 1841. Festuca nubigena subsp. caprina (Nees) St. - Yves, Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 79. 1927"docType="treatment"docVersion="5"id="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2"lastPageNumber="45"masterDocId="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2"masterDocTitle="Festuca drakensbergensis (Poaceae): A common new species in the F. caprina complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked F. exaristata"masterLastPageNumber="69"masterPageNumber="45"pageNumber="45"updateTime="1732710410348"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="6E547AB385A53A9470CF83579E234976">Festuca drakensbergensis (Poaceae): A common new species in the F. caprina complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked F. exaristata</mods:title>
<mods:namePartid="5ABB474AF8E343797ED517B81E037DEC">Sylvester, Steven P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="7EBE9451695EC838D389B632E28E9998">College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Long Pan Road No. 159, Nanjing, 210037, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="71D27A8181B545738613FFCB6EA35879">Soreng, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="98AC7DDD0A7AB7FC7F676FACB74E1548">Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="503AA7FAE7E425ED265EE77E026FB3E0">Sylvester, Mitsy D. P. V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="3A312F6D1CE38AB9ED1ECC9F173AE298">College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Long Pan Road No. 159, Nanjing, 210037, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="5ADF1C399744974026288C2C7C09FAF5">Clark, Vincent Ralph</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="681BA12E36549680600197484BC31468">Afromontane Research Unit and Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="A3843F581AE1F75F6979AB4A784B9924"ID-CoL="6HRFW"LSID="DD93F5FD-94F7-58D4-A874-531194B095E3"authority="var. caprina Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 443. 1841. Festuca nubigena subsp. caprina (Nees) St. - Yves, Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 79. 1927."class="Liliopsida"family="Poaceae"genus="Festuca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. caprina"order="Poales"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="caprina">Festuca caprina var. caprina Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 443. 1841. Festuca nubigena subsp. caprina (Nees) St.-Yves, Rev. Bretonne Bot. Pure Appl. 2: 79. 1927.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="BED37C2C42C5E91E6E21003A8EF50DD2"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Festuca caprina var. caprina. A Whole plant B abaxial leaf blade surface of tiller C, D spikelet, lateral view. A, B, D of S. P. Sylvester et al. 3492 (US) C of S. P. Sylvester et al. 3492 (PRE)."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460435"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B40D33103EE4085D970B08F786AA2828"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="T1"captionText="Table 1. Differences in key morphological characters between the species of the Festuca caprina complex in southern Africa."pageId="0"pageNumber="45">Table 1</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="11B02FE42857CA7B224592524B633251"author="Alexeev, EB"journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"pagination="1109 - 1117"refId="B1"refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117"title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa."volume="71"year="1986">Alexeev 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 1115: K (K000345257 [image!]; isolectotypes: K (K000345258 [image!]), LE (LE00009757 [image!]); syntypes: South Africa. Plantes du Cap, Los Tafelberg, 5000-6000 ft [1524-1829 m alt.], 7 Dec 1832, D.F.
<taxonomicNameid="5876357A3FEED01B364285EE377E407D"class="Liliopsida"family="Poaceae"genus="Festuca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. curvula"order="Poales"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="curvula">Festuca caprina var. curvula</taxonomicName>
Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 443. 1841. Type: South Africa. [Eastern Cape:] [Monte] Los Tafelberg, an steinigen Oetern, 5000-6000 ft [1524-1829 m alt.], [flowering in December], D.F.
<taxonomicNameid="CF62895A9833EE96932E23F5D42B6A25"authorityName="Nees"authorityYear="1841"class="Liliopsida"family="Poaceae"genus="Festuca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Festuca costata subsp. var. var. longiseta"order="Poales"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="variety"species="costata"subSpecies="var."variety="longiseta">Festuca costata var. longiseta</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitationid="D3D1EEFAA0364A8268DA332764EF20AB"author="Alexeev, EB"journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"pagination="1109 - 1117"refId="B1"refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117"title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa."volume="71"year="1986">Alexeev 1986</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="FE831B72732C9431B0409DD175A14405"authority="var. caprina"class="Liliopsida"family="Poaceae"genus="Festuca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. caprina"order="Poales"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="caprina">Festuca caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitationid="13D33A52A551BDD19FBF9696374D2313"author="Alexeev, EB"journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"pagination="1109 - 1117"refId="B1"refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117"title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa."volume="71"year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="EF115BBFEA7CECC3C1F3A62683075BC2"lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameid="27EF5CA09C2F0F5AF3A6A01B3F8CD852"authority="var. caprina"lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. caprina"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="caprina">F. caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitationid="44833E3A18D3FF7E8EF444928F052D63"author="Alexeev, EB"journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"pagination="1109 - 1117"refId="B1"refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117"title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa."volume="71"year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="F9E537AA2DD4D4DF61C689DCDB020C79"lsidName="subsp. var. var. irrasa"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="irrasa">var. irrasa</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitationid="F5E35C07264F5AF7AB10643F2A293B01"author="Alexeev, EB"journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"pagination="1109 - 1117"refId="B1"refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117"title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa."volume="71"year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="BA3CD586E1EBAFF2B921464BBC2D243A"authority="var. caprina"lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. caprina"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="caprina">F. caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitationid="CA0D25CBCABDC0AB85F41FD0825F691C"author="Alexeev, EB"journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"pagination="1109 - 1117"refId="B1"refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117"title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa."volume="71"year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
specimens studied had a distinct butter-like smell upon the opening of specimen press papers, which then quickly dissipated. This odour was barely to sometimes slightly susceptible in specimens of
<taxonomicNameid="5AB2404DDBE4AF61A9D4168659E4E7E1"lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameid="743694AF3F814DED7C74E67486AB2531"authority="var. caprina"class="Liliopsida"family="Poaceae"genus="Festuca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. caprina"order="Poales"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="caprina">Festuca caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitationid="E3CA16E18A78336EC539527E4D67188F"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.032"author="Carbutt, C"journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"pagination="508 - 529"refId="B4"refString="Carbutt, C, 2019. The Drakensberg Mountain Centre: A necessary revision of southern Africa's high-elevation centre of plant endemism. South African Journal of Botany 124: 508 - 529, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.032"title="The Drakensberg Mountain Centre: A necessary revision of southern Africa's high-elevation centre of plant endemism."url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.032"volume="124"year="2019">Carbutt 2019</bibRefCitation>
) and surrounding mountainous habitats of southern Africa and extends from southern Africa to Tanzania. The species appears to prefer more mesic Afro-alpine and Afro-montane grasslands and is outcompeted by
<taxonomicNameid="7A3A9F47B8143BECB35760C8E0E8CC33"lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
was rarely encountered, being found in only 13 plots from the Eastern Cape and Free State. The species was usually encountered in lower elevation Afro-montane transitioning to Afro-alpine grasslands at ca. 2500-2700 m alt. or exceptionally at higher elevations to 2981 m alt. in damper shaded sites, highlighting its very low frequency and commonality in the high-elevation xeric Afro-alpine zone of the DMC.
<taxonomicNameid="5568B27B2DBC202609DD4862F88C7715"class="Liliopsida"family="Poaceae"genus="Festuca"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. curvula"order="Poales"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="curvula">Festuca caprina var. curvula</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitationid="C988F62EA743D7670BEDFBD211ACD360"DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585"author="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD"journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"refId="B22"refString="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD, 1841. Florae Africae Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae: Gramineae. Palala Press. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585"title="Florae Africae Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae: Gramineae. Palala Press."url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585"year="1841">Nees von Esenbeck (1841</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="A7E77CB90E61F2C382777FC3872AB042"DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585"author="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD"journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"refId="B22"refString="Nees von Esenbeck, CGD, 1841. Florae Africae Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae: Gramineae. Palala Press. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585"title="Florae Africae Australioris Illustrationes Monographicae: Gramineae. Palala Press."url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7585"year="1841">Nees von Esenbeck (1841</bibRefCitation>
, respectively, with the S-G-6704 right hand plant chosen as lectotype based on this matching the protologue information and being the only specimen sheet amongst the original material to be annotated with an
, with Nees differentiating the variety based on its shorter height, curved blades and subsecund panicle branches with few purplish spikelets. One specimen amongst the original material, D.F.
<taxonomicNameid="7F9E1A7A427F4D9D90C2C1C57A5F917E"lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. curvula"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"rank="variety"species="caprina"subSpecies="var."variety="curvula">F. caprina var. curvula</taxonomicName>
, 2588 m alt., Afro-alpine tussock grassland, low rock outcrop, 13 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3492 (NU, PRE, US); Free State: Witsieshoek, at beginning of Sentinel trail by parking lot, path-side,
, 2607 m alt., 5 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3418 (US); Free State: Witsieshoek, Sentinel trail, along beginning of trail that leads to the chain ladders that take you up to Amphitheatre, path-side,
, 2693 m alt., 5 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3416 (US); Free State: Golden Gate National Park, summit of Wodehouse Peak, 14 Jan 1975, R.P. Ellis 2383 (PRE0464133); KwaZulu-Natal: Amphitheatre, slopes near the Tugela waterfall, Afro-alpine grassland,
, 28.888942 E, 2981 m alt., 5 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3409a (US); KwaZulu-Natal: Sentinel Trail, off the main trail at the top of an east facing gully ca. 1 km from the chain ladders,
