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717 lines
117 KiB
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<document id="058B8C1F4680ADB2137A68B001F9625E" ID-CLB-Dataset="55344" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2023.880.2173" ID-GBIF-Dataset="339bce42-a7e7-418b-b9ac-4588e4219b15" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8155472" ID-ZooBank="3F806FD6-2EB3-456A-AFD7-780A0FBEB2DA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1689603386695" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M. & Carvalho, Leonardo S." docDate="2023" docId="03F087F1AC7EFFDB094162B7E16AFE94" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-880_1-89.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 880 (1)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/3f806fd6-2eb3-456a-afd7-780a0fbeb2da" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pholcophora Banks 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFC9FF89AC76FFD60B146426E305FFD0" masterDocTitle="Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1699540719498" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8682D7C39B412E08F2B5F82253805843">
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<mods:title id="CA74A174AED291C9D21360F62840D2FB">Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CDB72E40D891B824C7CB17F0C6B2F445">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4346F9DA49A95E6320D17F7A65514925">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany. Laboratory of Arachnology (LATLAX), Institute of Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Tlaxcala, San Miguel Contla, Santa Cruz Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México. Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ECDA0E7B420B451B4F0D1F18BEAE77A7" type="email">b.huber@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5625BA15CA7FBCB549EF482EDE7E9D25">Meng, Guanliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F59028C161AC9F87E2BCD550D63D96CC">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany. Laboratory of Arachnology (LATLAX), Institute of Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Tlaxcala, San Miguel Contla, Santa Cruz Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México. Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="459889A7112791966AAF8CD1112C3821" type="email">G.Meng@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="537CE9672628B09EBEADA56D675209F8">Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E4CFB8D2DF46F4DD89AEBEBF670AD8E6" type="email">lat_mactans@yahoo.com.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="758C401339906B231CAA240472642BEA">Král, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F3C45DAE109FDADF346B1C861DADEFC9" type="email">spider@natur.cuni.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A7A29C3B40064E42F6AA6EAF8C048558">Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B856CF8D356030630B2969CB1894CC07" type="email">ivalu.a@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="16EDC26F6167B600031B2DF4F0F941AD">Carvalho, Leonardo S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="275522EE1D9C3D8E347A635B7013B0F8">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CEAF65DDAB0D0010F250AE381ED2BDAF">
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<mods:date id="5799BE17895B076871974567CC2B5129">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6C00D032316C33CA34F75DD10F015B13">2023-07-17</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A313C115331A911E77BAC08C7D710D13" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2023.880.2173</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F087F1AC7EFFDB094162B7E16AFE94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160844" ID-GBIF-Taxon="211663649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8160844" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087F1AC7EFFDB094162B7E16AFE94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087F1AC7EFFDB094162B7E16AFE94" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C343656CAC7EFFDE094162B7E0DBF97B" box="[597,990,1680,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7EFFDE09BC62B6E0DBF97B" ID-CoL="6NWL" ID-ENA="393828" authority="Banks, 1896" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[680,990,1680,1707]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7EFFDE09BC62B6E041F97B" bold="true" box="[680,836,1680,1707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pholcophora</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7EFFDE085F62B7E0DBF97B" author="Banks N." box="[843,990,1681,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="57 - 77" refId="ref32200" refString="Banks N. 1896. New North American spiders and mites. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 23: 57 - 77. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7508724 [accessed 26 May 2023]." type="journal article" year="1896">Banks, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7EFFDE0BA962F4E121F93D" blockId="8.[189,1037,1746,1773]" box="[189,548,1746,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF810F6AC7EFFDE0BA962F4E124F93D" author="Banks N." box="[189,545,1746,1773]" page="57" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1896">
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7EFFDE0BA962F4E124F93D" ID-CoL="6NWL" authority="Banks, 1896: 57" authorityName="Banks" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1896" box="[189,545,1746,1773]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7EFFDE0BA962F4E253F93C" box="[189,342,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pholcophora</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7EFFDE0A4962F4E124F93D" author="Banks N." box="[349,545,1746,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="57 - 77" refId="ref32200" refString="Banks N. 1896. New North American spiders and mites. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 23: 57 - 77. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7508724 [accessed 26 May 2023]." type="journal article" year="1896">Banks, 1896: 57</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7EFFDE093F62F5E708F93C" blockId="8.[189,1037,1746,1773]" box="[555,1037,1746,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="54E28845AC7EFFDE093F62F5E160F93D" box="[555,613,1747,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7EFFDE09C562F5E70DF93C" ID-CoL="4GKZL" authority="Banks, 1896" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[721,1032,1746,1772]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7EFFDE09C562F5E06EF93C" box="[721,875,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. americana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7EFFDE086662F4E70DF93C" author="Banks N." box="[882,1032,1746,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="57 - 77" refId="ref32200" refString="Banks N. 1896. New North American spiders and mites. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 23: 57 - 77. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7508724 [accessed 26 May 2023]." type="journal article" year="1896">Banks, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7EFFDE0BA96332E253F8FE" ID-CoL="6NWL" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[189,342,1812,1838]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7EFFDE0BA96332E253F8FE" box="[189,342,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pholcophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF810F6AC7EFFDE0A676332E144F8FE" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[371,577,1812,1838]" page="76" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7EFFDE0A676332E144F8FE" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[371,577,1812,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="47 - 111" refId="ref33647" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1971. A report on some Mexican cave spiders. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 4: 47 - 111." type="journal article" year="1971">Gertsch 1971: 76</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF810F6AC7EFFDE09596332E1C0F8FE" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[589,709,1812,1838]" page="112" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1977">
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7EFFDE09596332E1C0F8FE" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[589,709,1812,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="103 - 131" refId="ref33675" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1977. Report on cavernicole and epigean spiders from the Yucatan Peninsula. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 6: 103 - 131." type="journal article" year="1977">1977: 112</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AF810F6AC7EFFDE09C66332E038F8FE" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[722,829,1812,1838]" page="96" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1982">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7EFFDE09C66332E038F8FE" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[722,829,1812,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">1982: 96</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. —
|
|||
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AF810F6AC7EFFDE08786332E730F8FE" author="Huber B. A." box="[876,1077,1812,1838]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACD2768F24FF98FF11FD8C42163EB2" page="113" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2000">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7EFFDE08786332E730F8FE" author="Huber B. A." box="[876,1077,1812,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000: 113</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC7EFFDF0BA96373E08AFE07" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7EFFDE0BA96373E233F8BF" blockId="8.[189,310,1877,1903]" box="[189,310,1877,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0AE818BAC7EFFDE0BA96373E233F8BF" bold="true" box="[189,310,1877,1903]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7EFFDE0BA96373E233F8BF" bold="true" box="[189,310,1877,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7EFFDF0BA963A2E08AFE07" blockId="8.[187,1398,1924,2023]" lastBlockId="9.[185,1399,265,472]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|||
|
|
Easily distinguished from only other North American
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7EFFDE082563A2E0A6F84E" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[817,931,1924,1950]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ninetinae">Ninetinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7EFFDE08E063A2E74CF84E" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1012,1097,1924,1950]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7EFFDE08E063A2E74CF84E" box="[1012,1097,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tolteca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by strong male cheliceral apophyses originating proximally (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7EFFDE0946638EE1D1F813" box="[594,724,1960,1987]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,844,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-195@14.[188,1397,844,1842]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, males. A–E. From USA, Montana, Lolo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G092). F–H. From California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155488/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 5A–B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7EFFDE09CB638FE032F813" box="[735,823,1961,1987]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[192,1398,809,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-128@19.[189,1398,809,1848]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 10. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov.; male holotype from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (LATLAX). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: dp = dorsal process; vf = ventral flap. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155504/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">10A–B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7EFFDE0849638EE0B7F812" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[861,946,1960,1986]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7EFFDE0849638EE0B7F812" box="[861,946,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tolteca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
small and originating distally); also by presence of stridulatory ridges on male chelicerae; most species (except
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7EFFDE0F1463EBE7DDF836" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[1024,1240,1996,2022]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tehuacan" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7EFFDE0F1463EBE78DF836" box="[1024,1160,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. tehuacan</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Huber
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7EFFDE0FCA63EBE63CF837" box="[1246,1337,1997,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
) also by larger size (body length ~1.7–3.1; in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF099F652FE1E5FEF3" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[651,736,265,291]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF099F652FE1E5FEF3" box="[651,736,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tolteca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
~1.1–1.4) and longer legs (tibia 1>1.0, in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0FDB652FE621FEF3" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1231,1316,265,291]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0FDB652FE621FEF3" box="[1231,1316,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tolteca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<0.7); from most species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0AA9650BE117FE97" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[445,530,301,327]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0AA9650BE117FE97" box="[445,530,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tolteca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
also by absence of knob-shaped structure between epigynum and pedicel (also absent in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0A7C6577E18AFEBB" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[360,655,337,363]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinnombre" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0A7C6577E13AFEBB" box="[360,575,337,363]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tolteca sinnombre</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Huber
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7FFFDF09816574E1F7FEBB" box="[661,754,337,364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
). From other geographically close genera (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0FF56574E66AFEBB" box="[1249,1391,338,363]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Papiamenta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0FF56574E66AFEBB" box="[1249,1391,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Papiamenta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0BA96553E210FE5F" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[189,277,373,399]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0BA96553E210FE5F" box="[189,277,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Galapa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) also by simple rod-shaped procursus (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF09F86553E06BFE40" box="[748,878,373,400]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,844,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-195@14.[188,1397,844,1842]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, males. A–E. From USA, Montana, Lolo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G092). F–H. From California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155488/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 5C–E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF08686553E0D4FE5F" box="[892,977,373,399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[192,1398,809,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-128@19.[189,1398,809,1848]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 10. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov.; male holotype from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (LATLAX). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: dp = dorsal process; vf = ventral flap. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155504/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10C–E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; much shorter in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0FB16550E634FE5F" box="[1189,1329,374,399]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Papiamenta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0FB16550E634FE5F" box="[1189,1329,374,399]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Papiamenta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; with dorsal process in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0A8165BFE2E8FE63" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[405,493,409,435]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0A8165BFE2E8FE63" box="[405,493,409,435]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Galapa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); by presence of humps on male sternum (absent in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0F6D65BCE602FE63" box="[1145,1287,410,435]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Papiamenta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0F6D65BCE602FE63" box="[1145,1287,410,435]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Papiamenta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); and by unmodified male cheliceral fangs (with processes in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0832659BE07BFE07" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[806,894,445,471]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0832659BE07BFE07" box="[806,894,445,471]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Galapa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC7FFFDC0BA965D9E1D5FA01" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7FFFDF0BA965D9E24BFDC9" blockId="9.[189,334,511,537]" box="[189,334,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0AE818BAC7FFFDF0BA965D9E24BFDC9" bold="true" box="[189,334,511,537]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0BA965D9E24BFDC9" bold="true" box="[189,334,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7FFFDF0BFE6609E22FFD99" blockId="9.[189,1398,559,693]" box="[234,298,559,585]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0BFE6609E22FFD99" bold="true" box="[234,298,559,585]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7FFFDF0BA96675E29AFD65" blockId="9.[189,1398,559,693]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC7FFFDF0BA96675E26BFDBB" baselines="614,614" box="[189,366,595,621]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
. Total body length 1.2–3.1, carapace width 0.55–1.40. Legs relatively short, tibia 1: 0.65–1.85, i.e., 1.2–2.0 × carapace width; tibia 1 L/d 8–16; tibia 2 much shorter than tibia 4 (tibia 2 / tibia 4: 0.75–0.85).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7FFFDF0BA966FBE0BFFCB3" blockId="9.[188,1398,733,867]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC7FFFDF0BA966FBE21DFD25" baselines="752,752" box="[189,280,733,759]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Colour" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">COLOUR</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
. Live specimens (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF0AF866FBE137FD27" box="[492,562,733,759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,566,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-121@12.[189,1398,566,1776]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 3. Pholcophora Banks, 1896, live specimens. A. P. americana Banks, 1896, male from USA, Colorado, near Golden.B–E. P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov., males and females with egg-sacs from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán. F–G. P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa. H–I. P. texana Gertsch, 1935, male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala. J–K. P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan. L. P. “Mex354”, female with egg-sac from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155480/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) ochre to brown, prosoma sometimes reddish (which is lost in ethanol); carapace monochromous, sometimes with indistinct darker median Y-mark; abdomen colour slightly variable, usually monochromous, sometimes with indistinct dorsal marks (bluish in ethanol); legs without dark or light bands, femora sometimes distally darkened.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7FFFDF0BA967AAE27CFB71" blockId="9.[188,1401,907,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC7FFFDF0BA967AAE3FBFC74" baselines="927,927" box="[189,254,908,934]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Body" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BODY</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
. Ocular area barely raised (cf.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF096367ADE1D3FC75" box="[631,726,907,933]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[189,1398,268,1760]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, female from USA, Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Right spinnerets. C. Anterior lateral spinneret. D. Detail of tibia 1. E. Detail of metatarsus 4. F. Tarsal organ on tarsus 1. G. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. H. Tarsal organ on tarsus 4. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–E, G = 10 µm; F, H = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155496/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), eight eyes, AME relatively large, diameter 20–60 µm, 45–75% of PME diameter; carapace with low and indistinct thoracic groove (cf.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF0F716789E7C6FC19" box="[1125,1219,943,969]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[189,1398,268,1760]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, female from USA, Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Right spinnerets. C. Anterior lateral spinneret. D. Detail of tibia 1. E. Detail of metatarsus 4. F. Tarsal organ on tarsus 1. G. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. H. Tarsal organ on tarsus 4. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–E, G = 10 µm; F, H = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155496/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 8A</figureCitation>
|
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|
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,
|
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|
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<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF0FDB6789E600FC19" box="[1231,1285,943,969]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1794,1820]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 13. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Guerrero, 2 km N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Mex209). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Epigynum, ventral view. C. Spinnerets; asterisk: PMS. D. Anterior lateral spinneret. E. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. F. Metatarsus-tarsus 1 joint with lyriform organ, dorsal view. G. Tip of right tarsus 3, prolateral view. H. Comb hair (arrow) on tarsus 4, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A–B = 100 µm; C = 20 µm; D, F–H = 10 µm; E = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155514/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">13A</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
). Clypeus unmodified but sometimes slightly more protruding than in female. Sternum wider than long, with pair of distinct anterior processes near leg coxae 1. Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots arranged in two pairs (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF093F603DE19DFBE5" box="[555,664,1051,1077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,231,1792,1818]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-12@38.[189,1398,268,1747]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 29. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Puebla, 35 km SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex353). A. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. B. Lateral face of female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ and slit sensillum. G. Male ALS and PMS. H. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–C, G–H = 10 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 1 µm; F = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155558/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 29C</figureCitation>
|
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; examined:
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF083F603AE763FBE5" authority="Banks, 1896" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[811,1126,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF083F603AE0C2FBE5" box="[811,967,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. americana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7FFFDF08DA603DE763FBE5" author="Banks N." box="[974,1126,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="57 - 77" refId="ref32200" refString="Banks N. 1896. New North American spiders and mites. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 23: 57 - 77. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7508724 [accessed 26 May 2023]." type="journal article" year="1896">Banks, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
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;
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0F63603AE604FBE5" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[1143,1281,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tehuacan" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0F63603AE604FBE5" box="[1143,1281,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. tehuacan</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7FFFDF0E1C603AE66CFBE5" box="[1288,1385,1051,1078]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
); ALS with seven spigots each (cf.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF095F6019E1ACFB89" box="[587,681,1087,1113]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[189,1398,268,1760]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, female from USA, Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Right spinnerets. C. Anterior lateral spinneret. D. Detail of tibia 1. E. Detail of metatarsus 4. F. Tarsal organ on tarsus 1. G. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. H. Tarsal organ on tarsus 4. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–E, G = 10 µm; F, H = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155496/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 8C</figureCitation>
|
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|
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,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF09A26019E1E8FB89" box="[694,749,1087,1113]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,231,1792,1818]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-12@38.[189,1398,268,1747]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 29. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Puebla, 35 km SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex353). A. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. B. Lateral face of female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ and slit sensillum. G. Male ALS and PMS. H. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–C, G–H = 10 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 1 µm; F = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155558/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">29G</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
): one strongly widened spigot, one long pointed spigot, and five cylindrical spigots (one of which is unusually large); PMS with two short, pointed spigots; PLS without spigots.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7FFFDF0BA960EFE64FFAD7" blockId="9.[189,1399,1225,1288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC7FFFDF0BA960EFE241FB32" baselines="1244,1245" box="[189,324,1225,1251]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Chelicerae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CHELICERAE</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
. With one pair of large frontal apophyses (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF087760EFE0E8FB34" box="[867,1005,1225,1252]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[190,233,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,844,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-195@14.[188,1397,844,1842]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, males. A–E. From USA, Montana, Lolo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G092). F–H. From California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155488/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 5A–B</figureCitation>
|
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|
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,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF08EA60EFE75DFB33" box="[1022,1112,1225,1251]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[192,1398,809,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-128@19.[189,1398,809,1848]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 10. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov.; male holotype from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (LATLAX). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: dp = dorsal process; vf = ventral flap. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155504/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10A–B</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
); with stridulatory files (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF0BD260CBE236FAD7" box="[198,307,1261,1287]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,231,1792,1818]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-12@38.[189,1398,268,1747]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 29. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Puebla, 35 km SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex353). A. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. B. Lateral face of female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ and slit sensillum. G. Male ALS and PMS. H. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–C, G–H = 10 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 1 µm; F = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155558/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 29A</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
), distances between ridges ~2.0–3.8 µm, distances proximally often smaller than distally.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7FFFDF0BA96116E2C9F9B9" blockId="9.[189,1400,1327,1641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC7FFFDF0BA96116E205FA98" baselines="1347,1347" box="[189,256,1328,1354]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Palps" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">PALPS</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
. Coxa unmodified; trochanter barely modified (with indistinct or without ventral projection); femur proximally with retrolateral-ventral process and prolateral stridulatory pick (modified hair), distally widened but simple, slightly curved towards dorsal, in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF08B5615EE7BCFA42" authority="Gertsch, 1935" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1935" box="[929,1209,1399,1426]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF08B5615EE709FA41" box="[929,1036,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. texana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Gertsch, 1935
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with distinctive brush of feathered hairs ventrally (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF094E61BDE1E9FA66" box="[602,748,1435,1462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1145,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-228@29.[189,1398,1145,1879]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 19. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, male from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrows point at unique brush of modified hairs. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155532/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 19A, C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); femur-patella joints slightly shifted toward prolateral side; tibia globular, with two trichobothria; tibia-tarsus joints not shifted to one side; palpal tarsal organ raised, capsulate with small opening (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF096061C5E1DBFA2E" box="[628,734,1507,1534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,231,1792,1818]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-12@38.[189,1398,268,1747]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 29. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Puebla, 35 km SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex353). A. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. B. Lateral face of female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ and slit sensillum. G. Male ALS and PMS. H. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–C, G–H = 10 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 1 µm; F = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155558/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 29E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; diameter of opening ~1.5 µm – measured in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7FFFDF0FFA61C2E673FA2D" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[1262,1398,1507,1533]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tehuacan" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7FFFDF0FFA61C2E673FA2D" box="[1262,1398,1507,1533]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. tehuacan</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7FFFDF0BA9622EE21EF9F2" box="[189,283,1544,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
only); procursus simple and straight, without dorsal flap, not strongly elongated, often with semi-transparent distal element; genital bulb distally cone-shaped, with species-specific sclerotized and membranous elements.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7FFFDF0BA962B4E7A1F878" blockId="9.[189,1401,1682,1960]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A03BAC7FFFDF0BA962B4E3F3F97A" baselines="1701,1701" box="[189,246,1682,1708]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Legs" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">LEGS</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
. Without spines and curved hairs; in some species with very short vertical hairs in higher than usual density on tibiae (only anterior tibiae or all tibiae) (length of hairs ~30 µm). Trichobothria in usual arrangement: three on each tibia (except tibia 1: prolateral trichobothrium absent), one on each metatarsus; slightly feathered (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF092062D8E1A7F8C8" box="[564,674,1790,1816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,668,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-126@27.[189,1398,668,1808]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 18. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Mex216). A. Ocular area, frontal view. B. Right chelicera, lateral view, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Epigynum, posterior view. D. Spinnerets. E. Palpal tarsal organ (and base of ‘regular’ hair). F. Prolateral trichobothrium on tibia 2. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A, C = 100 µm; B, F = 20 µm; D = 10 µm; E = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155528/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 18F</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF09A662D8E1E3F8C8" box="[690,742,1790,1816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1766,1792]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@33.[189,1398,266,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 24. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, female from Mexico, Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (ZFMK Mex341). A. Detail of femur 2, retrolateral view. B. Detail of tibia 4, retrolateral view. C. Patella-tibia 1 joint, retrolateral view. D. Metatarsus-tarsus 2 joint, retrolateral view. E. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1. F. Detail of tarsus 1, showing pseudosegmentation. G. Tip of tarsus 2, retrolateral view. H. Tip of tarsus 4, prolateral view, showing comb-hair (arrow). Scale bars: A–B, D–H = 10 µm; C = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155542/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">24E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); length of dorsal trichobothrium on tibia 1: ~90 µm; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC7FFFDF094A6304E189F8EC" box="[606,652,1826,1852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
very distal position (at 50–65% of tibia length). Tarsus 1 with 5–8 pseudosegments, sometimes only distally fairly distinct; tarsus 4 distally with one comb-hair on prolateral side (cf.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF0AB3634CE11FF854" box="[423,538,1898,1924]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1794,1820]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 13. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Guerrero, 2 km N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Mex209). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Epigynum, ventral view. C. Spinnerets; asterisk: PMS. D. Anterior lateral spinneret. E. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. F. Metatarsus-tarsus 1 joint with lyriform organ, dorsal view. G. Tip of right tarsus 3, prolateral view. H. Comb hair (arrow) on tarsus 4, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A–B = 100 µm; C = 20 µm; D, F–H = 10 µm; E = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155514/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 13H</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF093F634CE167F854" box="[555,610,1898,1924]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1766,1792]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@33.[189,1398,266,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 24. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, female from Mexico, Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (ZFMK Mex341). A. Detail of femur 2, retrolateral view. B. Detail of tibia 4, retrolateral view. C. Patella-tibia 1 joint, retrolateral view. D. Metatarsus-tarsus 2 joint, retrolateral view. E. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1. F. Detail of tarsus 1, showing pseudosegmentation. G. Tip of tarsus 2, retrolateral view. H. Tip of tarsus 4, prolateral view, showing comb-hair (arrow). Scale bars: A–B, D–H = 10 µm; C = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155542/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">24H</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
); leg tarsal organs very small, capsulate with small opening (cf.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF0BA963A8E23CF878" box="[189,313,1934,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[189,1398,268,1760]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, female from USA, Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Right spinnerets. C. Anterior lateral spinneret. D. Detail of tibia 1. E. Detail of metatarsus 4. F. Tarsal organ on tarsus 1. G. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. H. Tarsal organ on tarsus 4. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–E, G = 10 µm; F, H = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155496/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8F–H</figureCitation>
|
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|
|
; diameter of opening ~1.3–1.8 µm); three claws (cf.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF08B063A8E716F878" box="[932,1043,1934,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1794,1820]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[189,1398,265,1743]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 13. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Guerrero, 2 km N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Mex209). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Epigynum, ventral view. C. Spinnerets; asterisk: PMS. D. Anterior lateral spinneret. E. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. F. Metatarsus-tarsus 1 joint with lyriform organ, dorsal view. G. Tip of right tarsus 3, prolateral view. H. Comb hair (arrow) on tarsus 4, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A–B = 100 µm; C = 20 µm; D, F–H = 10 µm; E = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155514/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 13G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF0F0B63A8E751F878" box="[1055,1108,1934,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1766,1792]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@33.[189,1398,266,1709]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 24. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, female from Mexico, Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (ZFMK Mex341). A. Detail of femur 2, retrolateral view. B. Detail of tibia 4, retrolateral view. C. Patella-tibia 1 joint, retrolateral view. D. Metatarsus-tarsus 2 joint, retrolateral view. E. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1. F. Detail of tarsus 1, showing pseudosegmentation. G. Tip of tarsus 2, retrolateral view. H. Tip of tarsus 4, prolateral view, showing comb-hair (arrow). Scale bars: A–B, D–H = 10 µm; C = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155542/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">24G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7FFFDF0F7463A8E792F878" box="[1120,1175,1934,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,231,1792,1818]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-12@38.[189,1398,268,1747]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 29. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Puebla, 35 km SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex353). A. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. B. Lateral face of female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ and slit sensillum. G. Male ALS and PMS. H. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–C, G–H = 10 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 1 µm; F = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155558/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">29H</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7CFFDC0BFE652FE240FEF3" blockId="10.[189,1399,265,749]" box="[234,325,265,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0BFE652FE240FEF3" bold="true" box="[234,325,265,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Female</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7CFFDC0BA9650AE62CFD3C" blockId="10.[189,1399,265,749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
In general (size, colour) similar to male but sternum without pair of anterior humps, leg tibia 1 with usual low number of short vertical hairs, and chelicerae without stridulatory ridges; legs either slightly shorter than in males or of same length (only
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC09F06555E07AFE5C" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[740,895,371,396]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC09F06555E07AFE5C" box="[740,895,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. americana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with reasonable sample size: male/female tibia 1 length: 1.12). Spinnerets, comb-hairs, and leg tarsal organs as in male; palpal tarsal organ slightly less strongly raised (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC0919659EE17CFE03" box="[525,633,440,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,668,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-126@27.[189,1398,668,1808]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 18. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Mex216). A. Ocular area, frontal view. B. Right chelicera, lateral view, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Epigynum, posterior view. D. Spinnerets. E. Palpal tarsal organ (and base of ‘regular’ hair). F. Prolateral trichobothrium on tibia 2. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A, C = 100 µm; B, F = 20 µm; D = 10 µm; E = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155528/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 18E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC0992659FE1B8FE03" box="[646,701,441,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,265,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-12@32.[212,1376,265,1711]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 23. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, female from Mexico, Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (ZFMK Mex341). A. Ocular area, dorsal view. B. Lateral face of chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Epigynum, ventral (slightly posterior) view. D. ALS. E. PMS and anal hairs (arrows). F. Tip of left palpal tarsus, dorsal view. G. Detail of right palpal tarsus, dorsal view. H. Palpal tarsal organ. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate; to = tarsal organ. Scale bars: A–B = 20 µm; C = 100 µm; D–G = 10 µm; H = 2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155540/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">23H</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Epigynum main (anterior) plate large, rectangular to oval, sometimes posteriorly excavated, weakly protruding in lateral view; posterior plate also large, short but wide, median part sometimes separated from lateral parts by whitish band. Without knob-shaped structure between epigynum and pedicel. Internal genitalia variable: either without sacs (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC0FF46604E3D4FD8F" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[246,1335,267,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-12@43.[246,1342,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 33. Pholcophora internal female genitalia, median sections of main transversal internal sclerite. A–B. P. americana Banks, 1896, females from USA, California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089) and Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). C–D. P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Ar 23943). E–F. P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). G–H. P. “Mex354”, females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex354). I–J. P. texana Gertsch, 1935, females from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). K–L. P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949). M. Pholcophora? “Car544”, female from Puerto Rico, Isla Mono (USNM ENT 783464). N. Pholcophora? “Cu12-325”, female from Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Siboney (ZFMK Cu12- 325). Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
Fig. 33A–H;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0BAB6660E3D4FD8F" authority="Banks, 1896" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[191,209,582,607]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0BAB6660E3D4FD8F" box="[191,209,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. americana
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7CFFDC0A776663E2FEFD8F" author="Banks N." box="[355,507,581,607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="57 - 77" refId="ref32200" refString="Banks N. 1896. New North American spiders and mites. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 23: 57 - 77. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7508724 [accessed 26 May 2023]." type="journal article" year="1896">Banks, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC09186660E1E2FD8F" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[524,743,581,607]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazatlan" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC09186660E192FD8F" box="[524,663,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. mazatlan</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Huber
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7CFFDC09E56660E054FDB0" box="[753,849,582,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC08766660E73DFD8F" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[866,1080,581,607]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papanoa" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC08766660E0EDFD8F" box="[866,1000,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. papanoa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Huber
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7CFFDC0F566660E7A7FDB0" box="[1090,1186,582,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0FA66660E7CDFD8F" box="[1202,1224,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
“Mex354”) or with pair of distinct membranous sacs (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC098C664EE03EFD52" box="[664,827,616,643]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[246,1335,267,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-12@43.[246,1342,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 33. Pholcophora internal female genitalia, median sections of main transversal internal sclerite. A–B. P. americana Banks, 1896, females from USA, California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089) and Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). C–D. P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Ar 23943). E–F. P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). G–H. P. “Mex354”, females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex354). I–J. P. texana Gertsch, 1935, females from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). K–L. P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949). M. Pholcophora? “Car544”, female from Puerto Rico, Isla Mono (USNM ENT 783464). N. Pholcophora? “Cu12-325”, female from Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Siboney (ZFMK Cu12- 325). Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
Fig. 33I–L;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC083D664FE03EFD52" authority="Gertsch, 1935" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1935" box="[809,827,617,642]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC083D664FE03EFD52" box="[809,827,617,642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. texana Gertsch, 1935;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0F43664FE7E7FD52" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[1111,1250,616,642]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tehuacan" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0F43664FE7E7FD52" box="[1111,1250,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. tehuacan</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7CFFDC0FFC664FE64CFD53" box="[1256,1353,617,643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
); in Caribbean ‘
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0A5E66AAE2E6FD76" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[330,483,652,678]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0A5E66AAE2E6FD76" box="[330,483,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
’ with single median tube-like sac (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC088766AAE74BFD75" box="[915,1102,652,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[246,1335,267,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-12@43.[246,1342,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 33. Pholcophora internal female genitalia, median sections of main transversal internal sclerite. A–B. P. americana Banks, 1896, females from USA, California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089) and Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). C–D. P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Ar 23943). E–F. P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). G–H. P. “Mex354”, females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex354). I–J. P. texana Gertsch, 1935, females from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). K–L. P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949). M. Pholcophora? “Car544”, female from Puerto Rico, Isla Mono (USNM ENT 783464). N. Pholcophora? “Cu12-325”, female from Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Siboney (ZFMK Cu12- 325). Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
Fig. 33M–N;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0F2866AAE74BFD75" authority="Gertsch, 1982" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1982" box="[1084,1102,652,677]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahama">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0F2866AAE74BFD75" box="[1084,1102,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. bahama
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7CFFDC0FD266AAE677FD76" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[1222,1394,652,678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0BA96696E3D6FD19" box="[189,211,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
“
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0BF26689E211FD1A" box="[230,276,687,714]" class="Insecta" family="Caridae" genus="Car" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Car</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
544”;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0A486696E277FD19" box="[348,370,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
“Cu12-325”); with pair of distinct transversal sclerites; apparently without pore plates (possibly with very indistinct pair of pore plates near median line, indicated in
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC0F4866F4E618FD3C" box="[1116,1309,722,748]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[246,1335,267,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-12@43.[246,1342,265,1633]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 33. Pholcophora internal female genitalia, median sections of main transversal internal sclerite. A–B. P. americana Banks, 1896, females from USA, California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089) and Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). C–D. P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Ar 23943). E–F. P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). G–H. P. “Mex354”, females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex354). I–J. P. texana Gertsch, 1935, females from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). K–L. P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949). M. Pholcophora? “Car544”, female from Puerto Rico, Isla Mono (USNM ENT 783464). N. Pholcophora? “Cu12-325”, female from Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Siboney (ZFMK Cu12- 325). Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 33E–F, J–L</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7CFFDC0BA96735E262FCFD" blockId="10.[189,359,787,813]" box="[189,359,787,813]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0AE818BAC7CFFDC0BA96735E262FCFD" bold="true" box="[189,359,787,813]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0BA96735E262FCFD" bold="true" box="[189,359,787,813]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Relationships</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7CFFDC0BA96765E000FC16" blockId="10.[189,1398,834,966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
In the molecular analysis of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7CFFDC091D6764E1F5FC8C" author="Eberle J. & Dimitrov D. & Valdez-Mondragon A. & Huber B. A." box="[521,752,834,860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="141" refId="ref33384" refString="Eberle J., Dimitrov D., Valdez-Mondragon A. & Huber B. A. 2018. Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Eberle
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC09496765E192FC8C" box="[605,663,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2018)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54E28845AC7CFFDC08326765E05CFC8D" box="[806,857,835,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC08AF6764E7DCFC8C" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[955,1241,834,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC08AF6764E7DCFC8C" box="[955,1241,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora americana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was part of a North American-Caribbean clade of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC097B6743E1E1FCAF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[623,740,869,895]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ninetinae">Ninetinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, together with “
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC08B06743E738FCAF" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[932,1085,869,895]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC08B06743E738FCAF" box="[932,1085,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
?
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0F466743E77AFC50" box="[1106,1151,869,896]" class="Insecta" family="Caridae" genus="Car" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Car</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
544”, an unidentified Cuban species (“Gen. Cu12-325”; treated below as “
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC087C67AEE704FC72" authority="Cu" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[872,1025,904,930]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC087C67AEE704FC72" box="[872,1025,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
? Cu12-325”), and the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0BA9678AE24EFC15" box="[189,331,940,965]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Papiamenta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0BA9678AE24EFC15" box="[189,331,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Papiamenta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0ACD678AE12BFC16" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[473,558,940,966]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0ACD678AE12BFC16" box="[473,558,940,966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tolteca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was not included.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7CFFDC0BA967CBE1D5FA01" blockId="10.[188,1401,1005,1489]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
Our new molecular analyses mostly support this North American-Caribbean clade (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC0FAD67CBE606FBD7" box="[1209,1283,1005,1031]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[188,231,866,892]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,277,817]" captionTargetId="figure-186@8.[189,1398,270,817]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 1. Relationships of Pholcophora Banks, 1896 and Tolteca Huber, 2000 derived from analysis of molecular data using IQ-Tree and the ClipKIT gappy trimming strategy. Newly generated CO1 sequences (codes starting with N) were combined with data from Eberle et al. (2018) (all other codes). Numbers on the branches are SH-aLRT supports (%). The tree shows only the ingroups and the Ninetinae outgroups. Clade colours are as in Figs 2 and 35. For the complete tree, and for clade support using different alignment strategies, see Supp. file 1: Fig. S76. Photos on the right from top to bottom: Tolteca manzanillo Huber sp. nov.; Papiamenta savonet Huber, 2000; Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155476/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; see also general results of molecular analyses above), and they also support the idea that Caribbean ‘
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0FC26036E66AFBFA" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[1238,1391,1040,1066]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0FC26036E66AFBFA" box="[1238,1391,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
’ are not true
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0A5F6015E2E1FB9D" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[331,484,1075,1101]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0A5F6015E2E1FB9D" box="[331,484,1075,1101]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but more closely related with the Caribbean genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0F556012E7CAFB9D" box="[1089,1231,1076,1101]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Papiamenta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0F556012E7CAFB9D" box="[1089,1231,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Papiamenta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Our analyses suggest a sister group relationship between true
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC09E96071E093FBA1" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[765,918,1111,1137]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC09E96071E093FBA1" box="[765,918,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and the Caribbean clade (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0FDB6071E658FBA0" authority="Caribbean" authorityName="Caribbean" box="[1231,1373,1111,1136]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Papiamenta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0FDB6071E658FBA0" box="[1231,1373,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Papiamenta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
+ Caribbean ‘
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0A52605CE2DAFB44" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[326,479,1146,1172]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0A52605CE2DAFB44" box="[326,479,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
’). By contrast, preliminary analyses of UCE data (G. Meng, L. Podsiadlowski, B.A. Huber, unpubl. data) suggest a sister-group relationship between true
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0F5160BBE7DBFB67" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[1093,1246,1181,1207]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0F5160BBE7DBFB67" box="[1093,1246,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0E0860BBE66AFB67" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1308,1391,1181,1207]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0E0860BBE66AFB67" box="[1308,1391,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tolteca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Since we consider these UCE results more reliable, we will not further discuss relationships here, except for two species not yet included in any molecular dataset:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC088660C5E637FB2E" authority="Gertsch, 1977" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1977" box="[914,1330,1251,1278]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC088660C5E778FB2D" box="[914,1149,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora maria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7CFFDC0F9D60C5E637FB2E" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[1161,1330,1251,1278]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="103 - 131" refId="ref33675" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1977. Report on cavernicole and epigean spiders from the Yucatan Peninsula. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 6: 103 - 131." type="journal article" year="1977">Gertsch, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from Yucatán, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0A486121E00DFAF1" authority="Gertsch, 1982" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1982" box="[348,776,1287,1313]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahama">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0A486121E159FAF1" box="[348,604,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora bahama</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7CFFDC09776121E00DFAF1" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[611,776,1287,1313]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34E7677AC7CFFDC08446121E0EFFAF1" box="[848,1002,1287,1313]" name="Bahamas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. Judging from the female internal genitalia (compare
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7CFFDC0AB0610CE133FA94" author="Huber B. A." box="[420,566,1322,1348]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 1357 with
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC09E1610CE067FA94" box="[757,866,1322,1348]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,797,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-164@37.[189,1398,797,1879]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 28. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949), cleared female genitalia. A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155552/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), we hypothesize that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0F64610CE65CFA94" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1977" box="[1136,1369,1322,1348]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0F64610CE65CFA94" box="[1136,1369,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora maria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is closely related with the newly described
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC09BF6168E032FAB7" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[683,823,1357,1383]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tehuacan" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC09BF6168E032FAB7" box="[683,823,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. tehuacan</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7CFFDC08546168E099FAB8" box="[832,924,1358,1384]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
It is thus probably a true
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0FCC616BE66AFAB7" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[1240,1391,1357,1383]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0FCC616BE66AFAB7" box="[1240,1391,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0BA96156E2C6FA5A" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,451,1392,1418]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahama">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0BA96156E2C6FA5A" box="[189,451,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora bahama</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
resembles “
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC09746156E1FCFA5A" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[608,761,1392,1418]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC09746156E1FCFA5A" box="[608,761,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
?
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC08006156E045FA5B" box="[788,832,1392,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Caridae" genus="Car" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Car</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
544” in having a median tube-like sac in the female internal genitalia (compare
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7CFFDC094F61B5E1EEFA7E" author="Huber B. A." box="[603,747,1427,1454]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 1356 with
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC08B161B5E714FA7E" box="[933,1041,1427,1454]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,428,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-41@41.[189,1398,428,1814]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 31. Pholcophora? “Car544”, females from Puerto Rico, Isla Mono (USNM ENT 783464, 783466). A–B. Habitus, dorsal and lateral views. C. Abdomen, ventral view. D–E. Abdomens of two specimens, lateral views (at same scale). F. Cleared female genitalia, ventral view. G. Detail of median internal structures, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as = anterior sclerite; ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–E = 0.3 mm; F–G =0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155564/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 31G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). It is thus probably not a true
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0BA96191E253FA01" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[189,342,1463,1489]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0BA96191E253FA01" box="[189,342,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but part of the Caribbean clade.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC7CFFDC0BA961DEE759F957" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7CFFDC0BA961DEE253F9C2" blockId="10.[189,342,1528,1554]" box="[189,342,1528,1554]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0AE818BAC7CFFDC0BA961DEE253F9C2" bold="true" box="[189,342,1528,1554]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0BA961DEE253F9C2" bold="true" box="[189,342,1528,1554]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7CFFDC0BA96201E759F957" blockId="10.[188,1399,1575,1672]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
The genus appears limited to North America (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC09F46201E02FF991" box="[736,810,1575,1601]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,730,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-150@11.[189,1398,730,1773]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 2. Known distributions of ‘true’ Pholcophora Banks, 1896 (orange marks) and of presumably misplaced Caribbean ‘Pholcophora’ and of Papiamenta Huber, 2000 (red marks). Dominican amber species currently placed in Pholcophora are represented by an “F” in a pink square. Our molecular data suggest that Caribbean ‘Pholcophora’ are more closely related with the genus Papiamenta than with true Pholcophora. Barcoded specimens of Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896 are marked with an “x” and accompanied by the vial code (see Table 1 for details)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155478/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); Caribbean species (including Dominican amber fossils) currently placed in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0AE2626CE18AF9B4" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[502,655,1610,1636]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0AE2626CE18AF9B4" box="[502,655,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are probably misplaced (see Relationships above). Of the seven North American named species, six are largely or entirely restricted to
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34E7677AC7CFFDC08EE624BE752F957" box="[1018,1111,1645,1671]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC7CFFDD0BA96289E65DFE96" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7CFFDC0BA96289E27BF918" blockId="10.[189,382,1710,1737]" box="[189,382,1710,1737]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0AE818BAC7CFFDC0BA96289E27BF918" bold="true" box="[189,382,1710,1737]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0BA96289E27BF918" bold="true" box="[189,382,1710,1737]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Natural history</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7CFFDD0BA962FBE65DFE96" blockId="10.[188,1400,1757,1995]" lastBlockId="11.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7CFFDC0BA962FBE271F927" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[189,372,1757,1783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
briefly characterized
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC099362FBE025F927" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[647,800,1757,1783]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC099362FBE025F927" box="[647,800,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
spiders as living “reclusive lives under ground objects, in leaf and plant detritus, and in soil openings and caves”, and mentioned that they “spin web tangles in dark spaces and remain there in close contact with such webs as permanent residents, often in informal colonies”. Our newly collected species and specimens fit this description. Most were collected by turning rocks or sifting litter in shady spots of low and dry forests (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7CFFDC08E7634CE74EF854" box="[1011,1099,1898,1924]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1014,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-172@44.[189,1398,1014,1845]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 34. Representative sample of habitats of Pholcophora Banks, 1896 in Mexico. A. Guerrero, 2 km N of Mazatlán (type locality of P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov.). B. Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (P. texana Gertsch, 1935). C. Guerrero, 5 km S of Papanoa (type locality of P. papanoa Huber sp. nov.; with collecting tray). D. Puebla, 35 km SE of Tehuacan (type locality of P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155578/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). They usually shared the microhabitat with one or more other pholcids. In only one case we found two species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0FCA63ABE672F877" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[1246,1399,1933,1959]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0FCA63ABE672F877" box="[1246,1399,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
at a single locality; we never found
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC09706396E1F8F81A" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[612,765,1968,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC09706396E1F8F81A" box="[612,765,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
to share a locality with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7CFFDC0F0E6396E76AF81A" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1050,1135,1968,1994]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7CFFDC0F0E6396E76AF81A" box="[1050,1135,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tolteca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Females carried their flattened egg-sacs slightly under the prosoma (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7DFFDD09E6652FE039FEF3" box="[754,828,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,566,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-121@12.[189,1398,566,1776]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 3. Pholcophora Banks, 1896, live specimens. A. P. americana Banks, 1896, male from USA, Colorado, near Golden.B–E. P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov., males and females with egg-sacs from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán. F–G. P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa. H–I. P. texana Gertsch, 1935, male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala. J–K. P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan. L. P. “Mex354”, female with egg-sac from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155480/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); eggs sacs contained ~6–
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD6EAC7DFFDD0F6F652FE7DEFEF3" box="[1147,1243,265,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="egg">30 eggs</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
, each with a diameter of ~
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CA19B02AC7DFFDD0A4D650AE100FE97" box="[345,517,300,327]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.60 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7DFFDD0900650AE01DFE96" author="Huber B. A. & Eberle J." box="[532,792,300,326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="12349" refId="ref34307" refString="Huber B. A. & Eberle J. 2021. Mining a photo library: eggs and egg sacs in a major spider family. Invertebrate Biology 140: e 12349. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ivb. 12349" type="journal article" year="2021">Huber & Eberle 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Some females had a genital plug (cf.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13622A62AC7DFFDD0FF4650AE64EFE96" box="[1248,1355,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,685,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-94@25.[189,1398,685,1888]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 16. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945), epigyna. A, C–D. Ventral views. B, E. Lateral views. Figs C and D show the same specimen, with genital plug (gp) and without plug. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155522/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C343656CAC7DFFDB0BA9654BE16AFE94" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7DFFDD0BA9654BE258FE57" blockId="11.[189,349,365,391]" box="[189,349,365,391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D0AE818BAC7DFFDD0BA9654BE258FE57" bold="true" box="[189,349,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0BA9654BE258FE57" bold="true" box="[189,349,365,391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Composition</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7DFFDD0BA965BAE2F2FD5A" blockId="11.[189,1399,412,650]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|||
|
|
The genus now includes 11 nominal species. Of these, seven occur in North America and are here considered to represent ‘true’
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD09326599E1BAFE09" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[550,703,447,473]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD09326599E1BAFE09" box="[550,703,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD09C56599E790FE09" authority="Banks, 1896" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[721,1173,447,473]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD09C56599E0F7FE09" box="[721,1010,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pholcophora americana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7DFFDD08E86599E790FE09" author="Banks N." box="[1020,1173,447,473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="57 - 77" refId="ref32200" refString="Banks N. 1896. New North American spiders and mites. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 23: 57 - 77. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7508724 [accessed 26 May 2023]." type="journal article" year="1896">Banks, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0FB065E6E3FEFE2D" authority="Gertsch, 1977" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1977" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0FB065E6E60FFE09" box="[1188,1290,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. maria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7DFFDD0E006599E3FEFE2D" author="Gertsch W. J." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="103 - 131" refId="ref33675" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1977. Report on cavernicole and epigean spiders from the Yucatan Peninsula. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 6: 103 - 131." type="journal article" year="1977">Gertsch, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0A1865C5E29EFE2C" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[268,411,482,508]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazatlan" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0A1865C5E29EFE2C" box="[268,411,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. mazatlan</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7DFFDD0AB365C5E10FFE2D" box="[423,522,483,509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD090F65C5E05CFE2D" authority="Gertsch, 1982" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1982" box="[539,857,482,509]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexcala">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD090F65C5E19AFE2C" box="[539,671,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. mexcala</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7DFFDD09B865C4E05CFE2D" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[684,857,482,509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD087F65C5E0F1FE2C" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[875,1012,483,508]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papanoa" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD087F65C5E0F1FE2C" box="[875,1012,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. papanoa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7DFFDD0F1465C5E766FE2D" box="[1024,1123,483,509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0F6065C5E606FE2C" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[1140,1283,482,508]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tehuacan" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0F6065C5E606FE2C" box="[1140,1283,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. tehuacan</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7DFFDD0E1B65C5E677FE2D" box="[1295,1394,483,509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0BA96621E2D8FDF1" authority="Gertsch, 1935" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1935" box="[189,477,518,545]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0BA96621E22FFDF0" box="[189,298,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. texana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Gertsch, 1935
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The Caribbean
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD09B16621E0D5FDF0" authority="Gertsch, 1982" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1982" box="[677,976,518,544]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahama">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD09B16621E026FDF0" box="[677,803,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. bahama</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7DFFDD083D6620E0D5FDF0" author="Gertsch W. J." box="[809,976,518,544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="95 - 144" refId="ref33706" refString="Gertsch W. J. 1982. The spider genera Pholcophora and Anopsicus (Araneae, Pholcidae) in North America, Central America and the West Indies. Association of Mexican Cave Studies, Bulletin 8: 95 - 144 / Texas Memorial Museum, Bulletin 28: 95 - 144." type="journal article" year="1982">Gertsch, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is here considered to be misplaced (see Relationships above). All extant species are treated below except
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0F19660CE789FD93" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1982" box="[1037,1164,553,579]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahama">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0F19660CE789FD93" box="[1037,1164,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. bahama</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0FDD660CE64EFD93" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1982" box="[1225,1355,553,579]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexcala">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0FDD660CE64EFD93" box="[1225,1355,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. mexcala</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
for which we have no new data [in 2019 we searched at four localities close to Mezcala (= “Mexcala”) but could not find
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0A736656E2E3FD59" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1982" box="[359,486,623,649]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexcala">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0A736656E2E3FD59" box="[359,486,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. mexcala</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
].
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF26666FAC7DFFDD0BA96338E068F838" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8155478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8155478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8155478/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]" targetBox="[189,1398,730,1773]" targetPageId="11">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7DFFDD0BA96338E068F838" blockId="11.[188,1399,1822,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0BA96338E215F8E8" bold="true" box="[189,272,1822,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Known distributions of ‘true’
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD099E6338E0C3F8E8" authority="Banks, 1896" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[650,966,1822,1848]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD099E6338E026F8E8" box="[650,803,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7DFFDD083B6338E0C3F8E8" author="Banks N." box="[815,966,1822,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="57 - 77" refId="ref32200" refString="Banks N. 1896. New North American spiders and mites. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 23: 57 - 77. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7508724 [accessed 26 May 2023]." type="journal article" year="1896">Banks, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(orange marks) and of presumably misplaced Caribbean ‘
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0ADF6367E161F88B" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[459,612,1857,1883]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0ADF6367E161F88B" box="[459,612,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
’ and of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD09D96364E0FFF88C" authority="Huber, 2000" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[717,1018,1857,1884]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Papiamenta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD09D96364E05EF88B" box="[717,859,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Papiamenta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7DFFDD08716367E0FFF88C" author="Huber B. A." box="[869,1018,1857,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref34125" refString="Huber B. A. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / brh 26 h" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(red marks). Dominican amber species currently placed in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0AEF6343E191F8AF" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[507,660,1893,1919]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0AEF6343E191F8AF" box="[507,660,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are represented by an “F” in a pink square. Our molecular data suggest that Caribbean ‘
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0AF463AEE17CF872" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[480,633,1928,1954]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0AF463AEE17CF872" box="[480,633,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
’ are more closely related with the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0F6563AFE7FAF872" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1137,1279,1929,1954]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Papiamenta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0F6563AFE7FAF872" box="[1137,1279,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Papiamenta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
than with true
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD0BE5638DE28FF815" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[241,394,1963,1989]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD0BE5638DE28FF815" box="[241,394,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Barcoded specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7DFFDD09B9638DE766F815" authority="Banks, 1896" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[685,1123,1963,1989]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7DFFDD09B9638DE0CCF815" box="[685,969,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pholcophora americana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7DFFDD08C5638DE766F815" author="Banks N." box="[977,1123,1963,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="57 - 77" refId="ref32200" refString="Banks N. 1896. New North American spiders and mites. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 23: 57 - 77. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7508724 [accessed 26 May 2023]." type="journal article" year="1896">Banks, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are marked with an “x” and accompanied by the vial code (see Table 1 for details).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE636E7AC7AFFDB0BA9652FE16AFE94" blockId="12.[187,1400,265,493]" lastBlockId="13.[188,1399,265,324]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
|||
|
|
Three nominal species are only known from amber fossils originating from Hispaniola (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7AFFDA0FFF652FE3F8FE95" author="Wunderlich J." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 378" refId="ref36424" refString="Wunderlich J. 1988. Die fossilen Spinnen im Dominikanischen Bernstein. Beitrage zur Araneologie 2: 1 - 378." type="journal article" year="1988">Wunderlich 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
):
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7AFFDA0A1B650DE163FE95" authority="Wunderlich, 1988" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1988" box="[271,614,298,325]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipes">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7AFFDA0A1B650DE289FE94" box="[271,396,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. brevipes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7AFFDA0A86650CE163FE95" author="Wunderlich J." box="[402,614,298,325]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 378" refId="ref36424" refString="Wunderlich J. 1988. Die fossilen Spinnen im Dominikanischen Bernstein. Beitrage zur Araneologie 2: 1 - 378." type="journal article" year="1988">Wunderlich, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7AFFDA097A650DE0BBFE95" authority="Wunderlich, 1988" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1988" box="[622,958,298,325]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7AFFDA097A650DE1E6FE94" box="[622,739,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. gracilis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7AFFDA09FE650CE0BBFE95" author="Wunderlich J." box="[746,958,298,325]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 378" refId="ref36424" refString="Wunderlich J. 1988. Die fossilen Spinnen im Dominikanischen Bernstein. Beitrage zur Araneologie 2: 1 - 378." type="journal article" year="1988">Wunderlich, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7AFFDA08E3650DE677FE95" authority="Wunderlich, 1988" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1988" box="[1015,1394,298,325]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7AFFDA08E3650DE79DFE94" box="[1015,1176,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. longicornis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B16AC7AFFDA0F8A650CE677FE95" author="Wunderlich J." box="[1182,1394,298,325]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 378" refId="ref36424" refString="Wunderlich J. 1988. Die fossilen Spinnen im Dominikanischen Bernstein. Beitrage zur Araneologie 2: 1 - 378." type="journal article" year="1988">Wunderlich, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. We did not re-examine the amber specimens but judging from their geographic origin we speculate that the three species are part of the clade including Caribbean ‘
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7AFFDA089D6548E727FE58" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1896" box="[905,1058,366,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7AFFDA089D6548E727FE58" box="[905,1058,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pholcophora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
’ and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7AFFDA0F7C6549E7F1FE58" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1128,1268,367,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Papiamenta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7AFFDA0F7C6549E7F1FE58" box="[1128,1268,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Papiamenta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. However, the three amber species fit the diagnosis above with respect to the strong male cheliceral apophyses originating proximally and the simple rod-shaped procursus. They are unusually small (but in this respect similar to the exceptionally small extant
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7AFFDA081C65F5E096FE3C" authority="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho, 2023" authorityName="Huber & Meng & Valdez-Mondragón & Král & Ávila Herrera & Carvalho" authorityYear="2023" box="[776,915,466,492]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tehuacan" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7AFFDA081C65F5E096FE3C" box="[776,915,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. tehuacan</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E578EAC7AFFDA088965F5E0FFFE3D" box="[925,1018,467,493]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C594D64AC7AFFDA0F2C65F5E79BFE3C" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1977" box="[1080,1182,467,492]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B92DEAF5AC7AFFDA0F2C65F5E79BFE3C" box="[1080,1182,467,492]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. maria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and the original descriptions remain silent about male cheliceral stridulation and male sternal humps. The females of the three fossil species remain unknown.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|