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<document id="D32E4871295E64951E271B5D78A27F26" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3655.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a6990774-66c7-4586-b14e-354b42d0857b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223358" ID-ZooBank="FC302AA5-49CC-41B0-9A66-23C11AB4EBAE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460612493272" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gardini, Giulio" docDate="2013" docId="03DE87C1FFD3F9596B99FB901967A557" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03655p151.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3655 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chthonius" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FFE7FFB9FFEBF9636B0EFF8C1851A078" masterDocTitle="A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698329375031" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="9966E46E8667F7A733F9951A56E4F966" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="0728A07014B20E6E66E2B85A07D14B82">
<mods:title id="6EFA4884868B6C8A9C5BCE170ED8BAA8">A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C8FBD85F31AC45CBDC0F47679566EC34" type="personal">
<mods:role id="868A4339AC5A74DAA4052CB6DFF9A4E5">
<mods:roleTerm id="12BB385AA31755F99F9C87DCD5D1B1B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A70201B20EE4807B4463297517E5FCF0">Gardini, Giulio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="ECA131FC47308BC97CFC062F6ACBA8EC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="49876DBEBA10E92A3ED7AA1377ADB8AD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BC60B806A9B04CC837D9644E13B0B5D9">
<mods:date id="DFD33077A2F9C28DD609EA243AD6FEE0">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0D1DFE017D2C932401D28D32100A85E4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C66C707AD73E9198C0067665B3FC2A55">3655</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DA47E203EF476ACD7B555A11C56240B4" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E1627572144C51C6DA2A0589E4A4120D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3D4F2AC3A2886C10E32717ACA595BDAB">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4413E01070CFF8C589629A6958A2F9A4">151</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="59F3BA52FAEC1DA6A2802933851C286B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="62FE58A763228E7668010B4121CF2AA0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3655.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9123AF16531D36071D94A5B1FF05EDBA" type="GBIF-Dataset">a6990774-66c7-4586-b14e-354b42d0857b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="80048FB7334AD8AB57AAC2E01FB23188" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="570D186994F3CD7E673DA3DBE3479079" type="Zenodo-Dep">223358</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DE87C1FFD3F9596B99FB901967A557" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6155957" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119568570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6155957" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE87C1FFD3F9596B99FB901967A557" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87C1FFD3F9596B99FB901967A557" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFD3F95B6B99FB901A6FA4C3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD3F95B6B99FB901A33A44D" blockId="56.[151,610,1051,1110]" box="[151,610,1051,1078]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D08081BBFFD3F95B6B99FB901A33A44D" bold="true" box="[151,610,1051,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6B99FB901A33A44D" bold="true" box="[151,610,1051,1078]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6B99FB90191AA44E" bold="true" box="[151,331,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD3F95B6B99FB901947A44E" ID-CoL="62LNY" box="[151,278,1052,1078]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD3F95B6A5DFB901A33A44D" authority="Gardini, 1981" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="1981" box="[339,610,1051,1078]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grafittii">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6A5DFB9019FFA44E" bold="true" box="[339,430,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">grafittii</emphasis>
Gardini, 1981
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD3F95B6B99FBB21928A42E" blockId="56.[151,610,1051,1110]" box="[151,377,1086,1110]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A52FFD3F95B6B91FBB2196BA42E" box="[159,314,1086,1110]" captionStart="FIGURES 106 – 111" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1461,1484]" captionTargetBox="[193,1386,212,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[180,1407,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 106 – 111. Chthonius (E.) grafittii Gardini, 1981. 106, male holotype, anterior margin of carapace; 107, id., anterolateral portion of carapace; 108, id., right chelicera; 109, id., tip of fixed chelal finger, dorsal view; 110, id., right chela, lateral view; 111, female paratype (Grotta di Molafà, 29. VII. 1975), right chela, lateral view (redrawn after Gardini, 1981)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223383/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figs 106–111</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A52FFD3F95B6A4BFBB21920A42E" box="[325,369,1086,1110]" captionStart="FIGURES 282 – 285" captionStartId="144.[151,264,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[152,1436,193,1796]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURES 282 – 285. Distribution maps for the Italian species of the Chthonius tetrachelatus group. 282, Chthonius (E.) tetrachelatus (Preyssler, 1790); 283, Chthonius (E.) siculus Beier, 1961 and C. (E.) vachoni Heurtault-Rossi, 1963; 284, Chthonius (E.) concii Beier, 1953 and C. (E.) lucanus Callaini, 1984; 285, Chthonius (E.) altamurae n. sp., C. (E.) apulicus Beier, 1958, C. (E.) elymus n. sp., C. (E.) grafittii Gardini, 1981, C. (E.) messapicus n. sp., C. (E.) poseidonis Gardini, 1993 and C. (E.) sardous Gardini, 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223422/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">285</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD3F95B6B99FB0B1A6FA4C3" blockId="56.[151,859,1158,1211]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD3F95B6B99FB0B1ABAA4E4" authority="Gardini 1981: 102" authorityName="Gardini" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,747,1158,1181]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grafittii" subGenus="Ephippiochthonius">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6B99FB0B1A78A4E5" box="[151,553,1159,1181]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) grafittii</emphasis>
Gardini 1981: 102
</taxonomicName>
, figs 1–22.
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6B99FB29192EA4C3" box="[151,383,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD3F95B6B99FB2918AEA4C3" box="[151,255,1189,1211]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD3F95B6A3CFB29192EA4C3" authority="Gardini 2008a: 7" authorityName="Gardini" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="2008" box="[306,383,1189,1211]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grafittii">grafittii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: Gardini 2008a: 7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFD3F95B6B99FB641D6EA487" box="[151,1343,1254,1280]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD3F95B6B99FB641D6EA487" blockId="56.[151,1437,1254,2000]" box="[151,1343,1254,1280]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6B99FB641968A578" bold="true" box="[151,313,1255,1280]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFD3F95B6B99FB641883A578" box="[151,210,1256,1280]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FFD3F95B6A4EFB6B1924A487" box="[320,373,1255,1279]" name="Italy" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Sardinia, Sassari Prov., Sassari, Grotta di Molafà 937 Sa/SS (40°42ʹ0 4ʺN 8°31ʹ25ʺE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFD3F95B6BC9FA871A5FA55C" box="[199,526,1291,1316]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD3F95B6BC9FA871A5FA55C" blockId="56.[151,1437,1254,2000]" box="[199,526,1291,1316]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6BC9FA871931A55C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1291,1316]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FFD3F95B6A69FA8019CEA55C" box="[359,415,1292,1316]" name="Italy" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Italy</collectingCountry>
: Sardinia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFD3F95B6BC9FAA31A9CA63C" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD3F95B6BC9FAA31A9CA63C" blockId="56.[151,1437,1254,2000]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6BC9FAA3191DA530" bold="true" box="[199,332,1327,1352]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis (</emphasis>
Ƥ
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6A78FAA319D7A530" bold="true" box="[374,390,1327,1352]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">).</emphasis>
An anophthalmic hypogean
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD3F95B69DFFABC1C62A530" authority="(Ephippiochthonius)" baseAuthorityName="Ephippiochthonius" box="[721,1075,1328,1352]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B69DFFABC1C62A530" box="[721,1075,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sardinia that differs from other species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD3F95B6A73FAD91A63A514" box="[381,562,1364,1388]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrachelatus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6A73FAD91A63A514" box="[381,562,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C. tetrachelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in the following combination of characters: movable cheliceral finger without isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6907FAF41A4FA5E8" box="[521,542,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">di</emphasis>
) and with spinneret in both sexes; carapace with 2 preocular microsetae on each side; posterior margin of carapace with 2 macrosetae; fixed and movable chelal fingers respectively with
<date id="FFC91017FFD3F95B6E58FA10195DA5AF" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1918-12-22" valueMax="1918-12-10" valueMin="1918-12-22">18–22 and 10–12</date>
triangular teeth (proximal rounded teeth excepted); pedipalpal fixed finger at level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6FD6FA4D1D41A5A0" box="[1240,1296,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">est-it</emphasis>
with 3 teeth occupying
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD3F95B6A1DFA681938A584" box="[275,361,1508,1532]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(distance between successive apices
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD3F95B6803FA681BD2A584" box="[781,899,1508,1532]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.040 mm</quantity>
); length of chela 1.405 (3), 1.33–1.55 (Ƥ) mm, length of movable finger 0.853 (3), 0.805–0.916 (Ƥ) mm; chela 6.85 (3), 6.1–6.5 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.8 (3), 1.7–1.9 (Ƥ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFD3F95B6BC9F9DC1A19A7A8" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD3F95B6BC9F9DC1891A747" blockId="56.[151,1437,1254,2000]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6BC9F9DC19ADA610" bold="true" box="[199,508,1615,1640]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFD3F95B6BC9F9DC1953A610" box="[199,258,1616,1640]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FFD3F95B6904F9DC1A08A610" box="[522,601,1616,1640]" name="Italy" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">ITALY</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6957F9DC1A24A610" bold="true" box="[601,629,1616,1640]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">—</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B697BF9DC1BCEA610" box="[629,927,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sardinia: Sassari Prov.—</emphasis>
1 3 (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFD3F95B68EBF9C31C1CA61F" box="[997,1101,1615,1639]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), Sassari, Molafà, Grotta di Molafà 937 Sa/SS,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD3F95B6A7DF9F819EAA6F4" box="[371,443,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FFD3F95B690BF9F81AD9A6F4" box="[517,648,1652,1676]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1978-06-26">26.VI.1978</date>
, G. Grafitti leg.; 1 Ƥ 2D (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFD3F95B68A4F9F81C4AA6F4" box="[938,1051,1652,1676]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), id.,
<date id="FFC91017FFD3F95B6F55F9F81C8CA6F4" box="[1115,1245,1652,1676]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1974-09-19">19.IX.1974</date>
, G. Grafitti &amp; A. Virgilio leg.; 1 Ƥ (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFD3F95B6A69F91B199CA6D7" box="[359,461,1687,1711]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), id.,
<date id="FFC91017FFD3F95B6902F91B1AC6A6D7" box="[524,663,1687,1711]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1975-07-29">29.VII.1975</date>
, G. Grafitti leg.;1 Ƥ (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFD3F95B6889F91B1BBCA6D7" box="[903,1005,1687,1711]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), Muros, Monte Tudurighe, Grotta del Diavolo o dell’Inferno 48 Sa/SS,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD3F95B6905F9301A03A6AC" box="[523,594,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FFD3F95B6994F9301B43A6AC" box="[666,786,1724,1748]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1975-10-19">19.X.1975</date>
, M. Pintus &amp; M. Mucedda leg; 1 Ƥ (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFD3F95B6FBFF9301D46A6AC" box="[1201,1303,1724,1748]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), Cargeghe, Giorrè, Grotta Sa Corona ‘e S’Abba (= Grotta prima di Giorrè) 951 Sa/SS,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD3F95B68D7F9531C71A68F" box="[985,1056,1759,1783]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="455.0">455 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FFD3F95B6F66F9531CB8A68F" box="[1128,1257,1759,1783]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1978-06-11">11.VI.1978</date>
, G. Grafitti leg.; 1T (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FFD3F95B6BC9F888197CA764" box="[199,301,1796,1820]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), Usini, Monte Tanarighes, Grotta di Santa Caterina 2547 Sa/SS,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD3F95B6F11F8881C37A764" box="[1055,1126,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FFD3F95B6FBAF8881D4AA764" box="[1204,1307,1796,1820]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1978-05-07">7.V.1978</date>
, G. Grafitti leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD3F95B6BC9F8C71A19A7A8" blockId="56.[151,1437,1254,2000]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6BC9F8C719ACA71C" bold="true" box="[199,509,1867,1892]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FFD3F95B690AF8C01A02A71C" box="[516,595,1868,1892]" name="Italy" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">ITALY</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B695AF8C01A21A71C" bold="true" box="[596,624,1868,1892]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">—</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD3F95B6961F8C01B24A71C" box="[623,885,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sardinia: Sassari Prov.</emphasis>
–1 Ƥ 1T, Cargeghe, Giorrè, Grotta Sa Corona ‘e S’Abba (= Grotta prima di Giorrè) 951 Sa/SS,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD3F95B69C8F8E31B40A7FF" box="[710,785,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="455.0">455 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FFD3F95B686DF8E31B80A7FF" box="[867,977,1903,1927]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1993-01-10">10.I.1993</date>
, M. Mucedda leg., under stones in the terminal hall; 1T, Usini, Monte Tanarighes, Grotta di Santa Caterina 2547 Sa/SS,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD3F95B6F57F8181CF5A7D4" box="[1113,1188,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FFD3F95B6FFAF8181D24A7D4" box="[1268,1397,1940,1964]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1991-03-24">24.III.1991</date>
, G. Grafitti leg., under stone on moist soil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF08665FFFD2F95A6B99FA391D34A672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223383/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[193,1386,212,1423]" targetPageId="57">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD2F95A6B99FA391D34A672" blockId="57.[151,1436,1461,1546]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD2F95A6B99FA39193BA5B3" bold="true" box="[151,362,1461,1484]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURES 106–111</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD2F95A6A72FA3A1A46A5B4" box="[380,535,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD2F95A6A72FA3A19B5A5B4" box="[380,484,1462,1484]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD2F95A692AFA3A1B45A5B3" authority="Gardini, 1981" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="1981" box="[548,788,1462,1484]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grafittii">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD2F95A692AFA3A1A20A5B4" box="[548,625,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">grafittii</emphasis>
Gardini, 1981
</taxonomicName>
. 106, male holotype, anterior margin of carapace; 107, id., anterolateral portion of carapace; 108, id., right chelicera; 109, id., tip of fixed chelal finger, dorsal view; 110, id., right chela, lateral view; 111, female paratype (Grotta di Molafà, 29.VII.1975), right chela, lateral view (redrawn after Gardini, 1981)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFD2F9596BC9F9BF1D39A404" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD2F9596BC9F9BF1D77A1B7" blockId="57.[151,1437,1587,2007]" lastBlockId="58.[151,1436,151,1328]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD2F95A6BC9F9BF19B8A634" bold="true" box="[199,489,1587,1612]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Description of adults (</emphasis>
Ƥ
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD2F95A691AF9BF1A75A634" bold="true" box="[532,548,1587,1612]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">).</emphasis>
Troglomorphic facies. Integument depigmented, carapace, chelicerae and pedipalps pale testaceous. Carapace 1.03 (3), 1.4–1.16 (Ƥ) times longer than broad, constricted posteriorly; anterior margin (figs 106–107) closely dentate between median macrosetae, with a weakly prominent epistome; no eyes or eye-spots; chaetotaxy mm
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD2F95A6916F9131A08A6CF" box="[536,601,1695,1719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="4.0">4mm</quantity>
:6:4:2:2 (18), macrosetae fine; length of anteromedian macrosetae
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD2F95A6E3CF9131DC9A6CF" box="[1330,1432,1695,1719]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
. Chaetotaxy tergites
<date id="FFC91017FFD2F95A6A80F948198FA6A3" box="[398,478,1731,1755]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">I–X 4</date>
:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:6:4. Chaetotaxy sternites
<date id="FFC91017FFD2F95A68B4F9481C71A6A3" box="[954,1056,1731,1755]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="2010-02" valueMax="2010-10-31" valueMin="2010-02-10">II–X 10</date>
:(3)10(3):(2)7–9(2):8–9:6:6:6:6:7; sternite II rarely with 9 setae; genital opening of male flanked by 9 or 10 on setae on each side. Chelicerae (fig. 108) 2.3 (3), 2.2–2.4 (Ƥ) times as long as broad, palm with 5 or 6 setae and 2 microsetae laterally; fixed finger with 9–10 teeth proximally reduced in size; movable finger with 7–9 teeth, without isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD2F95A6E7BF8A31DDBA73F" box="[1397,1418,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">di</emphasis>
); galeal seta (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD2F95A6A13F8DF1963A713" box="[285,306,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">gl</emphasis>
) just after the middle finger; spinneret large and prominent, apically rounded. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process),
<date id="FFC91017FFD2F95A6963F8F41ADFA7F7" box="[621,654,1911,1935]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">I 3</date>
+ 3 marginal microsetae,
<date id="FFC91017FFD2F95A68B5F8F41BB6A7F7" box="[955,999,1911,1935]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">II 4</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FFD2F95A68FBF8F41C7BA7F7" box="[1013,1066,1911,1935]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">III 5</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FFD2F95A6F36F8F41C3EA7F7" box="[1080,1135,1911,1935]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">IV 6</date>
; coxa II with 11–17 coxal spines, coxa III with 5–8 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 7.8 (3), 7.5–8.26 (Ƥ) times as long as broad; chela (figs 109–111) 6.85 (3), 6.1–6.5 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.7 (3), 2.4–2.6 (Ƥ) times as long as deep, weakly depressed at level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F95969E9FF141B76A0C8" box="[743,807,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ib-isb</emphasis>
and with a plane dorsolateral area between
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596E11FF141D11A0C8" box="[1311,1344,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">isb</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596E74FF141DC4A0C8" box="[1402,1429,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">eb</emphasis>
; fixed chelal finger with 25–27 teeth with dental canals: the first distal 2 teeth small, followed by 18–22 upright, triangular, pointed teeth, the others proximally reduced in size to the finger base; tip of fixed finger with a modified accessory tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596A5BFE88193AA164" box="[341,363,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">td</emphasis>
) on antiaxial face; fixed chelal finger at level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F959689CFE891B9BA164" box="[914,970,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">est-it</emphasis>
with 3 teeth occupying
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD1F9596FD7FE881D61A164" box="[1241,1328,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(distance between successive apices
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD1F9596ACAFEAB1A6BA147" box="[452,570,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.040 mm</quantity>
); distal half of movable finger with 10–12 upright, large, triangular teeth with dental canals; proximal half of movable finger with small rounded teeth gradually reduced proximally back to
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596E75FEC01DC5A11C" box="[1403,1428,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">sb</emphasis>
; trichobothria as in figs 110–111,
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596916FEFC1AD4A1F0" box="[536,645,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">eb-esb-ist</emphasis>
placed in a straight line; basal apodeme of movable finger strongly sclerotized, rectangular, apically truncate; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.53 (3), 1.47–1.56 (Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2–1.3 (3Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.8 (3), 1.7–1.9 (Ƥ).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD1F9596BC9FE511C9BA227" blockId="58.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.9 (3), 1.9–2.4 (Ƥ). Carapace 0.57 × 0.55 (3), 0.58–0.63 × 0.535–0.59 (Ƥ). Chelicerae 0.54 × 0.23 (3), 0.525–0.60 × 0.225–0.27 (Ƥ), movable finger length 0.268 (3), 0.274–0.315 (Ƥ). Pedipalp: femur 1.04 × 0.133 (3), 0.976–1.24 × 0.13–0.15 (Ƥ); chela 1.405 × 0.205 (3), 1.33–1.55 × 0.207–0.255 (Ƥ); hand length 0.556 (3), 0.515–0.62 (Ƥ); movable finger length 0.853 (3), 0.805–0.916 (Ƥ).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD1F9596BC9FDE71924A44C" blockId="58.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596BC9FDE71A4BA2FC" bold="true" box="[199,538,619,644]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Description of tritonymph.</emphasis>
Integument depigmented. Carapace 1.0 times longer than broad, weakly constricted basally; anterior margin between median macrosetae dentate, without epistome; anterior eyes reduced, posterior ones absent; chaetotaxy m
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FFD1F9596923FD381A06A2B4" box="[557,599,692,716]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="4.0">4m</quantity>
:6:4:2:2 (18). Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites
<date id="FFC91017FFD1F9596E75FD391894A297" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">II– X 4</date>
:(2)6(2):(1)6(1):7:6:6:6:6:6. Chelicerae 2.16 times as long as broad, palm with 5 setae and 1 lateral microseta; fixed finger with 6–7 teeth; movable finger with 4 teeth, without isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596FB1FD701C84A36C" box="[1215,1237,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">di</emphasis>
); spinneret more slender than in adults; rallum with 9 blades; serrula exterior with about 12 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process),
<date id="FFC91017FFD1F9596941FCC91A3CA324" box="[591,621,836,860]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">I 3</date>
+ 2 marginal microsetae,
<date id="FFC91017FFD1F959689DFCC91BECA324" box="[915,957,836,860]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">II 4</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FFD1F95968C7FCC91BAAA324" box="[969,1019,836,860]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">III 5</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FFD1F9596F07FCC91C6CA324" box="[1033,1085,836,860]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">IV 5</date>
; coxa II with 8–9 coxal spines, coxa III with 5–6 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 6.4 times as long as broad; chela 6.1 times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.46 times as long as deep; fixed finger with 19 triangular teeth proximally reduced in size back to the finger base; tip of fixed finger with a modified accessory tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596FBEFC3C1C97A3B0" box="[1200,1222,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">td</emphasis>
) on antiaxial face; distal half of movable finger with 8 triangular teeth and, in the proximal half, with teeth trace more marked than in adults; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.5; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD1F9596BC9FBCC1D39A404" blockId="58.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.47. Carapace 0.45 × 0.43. Chelicerae 0.39 × 0.18, movable finger length 0.20. Pedipalp: femur 0.67 × 0.105; chela 0.915 × 0.15; hand length 0.37; movable finger length 0.545.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFFD1F9596BC9FB041967A557" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FFD1F9596BC9FB041967A557" blockId="58.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596BC9FB04196AA4D8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1160,1184]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</emphasis>
Among the species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD1F9596989FB041BC8A4D8" box="[647,921,1160,1184]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrachelatus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596989FB041BC8A4D8" box="[647,921,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Chthonius tetrachelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group,
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD1F95968F5FB041C27A4D8" box="[1019,1142,1160,1184]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grafittii">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F95968F5FB041C27A4D8" box="[1019,1142,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. grafittii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to the hypogean
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD1F9596A01FB2119FDA4BC" box="[271,428,1196,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poseidonis">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596A01FB2119FDA4BC" box="[271,428,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. poseidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from NW Sardinia, from which it differs in the more strongly marked troglomorphic facies: chela 6.85 (3) 6.1–6.5 (Ƥ) times as long as deep in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD1F959684FFB5C1BE8A490" box="[833,953,1232,1256]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grafittii">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F959684FFB5C1BE8A490" box="[833,953,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. grafittii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 6.4–6.7 (3) 5.6–6.1 (Ƥ) times as long as deep in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD1F9596BFFFB7919DAA574" box="[241,395,1268,1292]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poseidonis">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596BFFFB7919DAA574" box="[241,395,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. poseidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; fixed chelal finger with 18–22 triangular teeth in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD1F95968C4FB791C10A574" box="[970,1089,1268,1292]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grafittii">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F95968C4FB791C10A574" box="[970,1089,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. grafittii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 21-25 triangular teeth in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FFD1F9596B99FA94197EA548" box="[151,303,1304,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poseidonis">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FFD1F9596B99FA94197EA548" box="[151,303,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C. poseidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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