treatments-xml/data/03/B2/9E/03B29E2BFFE51871FF0FCDFFFC78FAE2.xml

<document id="DCCF83BD0C023370A52C37881407CE06" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3716.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9b85d9e-a8fb-4ceb-9f20-65d2cd3c84df" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220316" ID-ZooBank="F1AD3425-314F-4B5F-AE7A-2D683135DBE6" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460682586901" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Prieto, Carlos, Viloria, Angel L. &amp; Andrade, Gonzalo" docDate="2013" docId="03B29E2BFFE51871FF0FCDFFFC78FAE2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03716p538.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3716 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pedaliodes haydoni Pyrcz &amp; Viloria, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="530" masterDocId="FF8BE653FFE41873FF98C97BFFC1FF9A" masterDocTitle="New species of high elevation cloud forest butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the northern Colombian Andes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="538" masterPageNumber="528" pageNumber="529" updateTime="1698350629498" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A5B2729E9425B3E5F4E3C754732EF898">New species of high elevation cloud forest butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the northern Colombian Andes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B4F1C764B218ED9E903479FBA92C39A8">Pyrcz, Tomasz W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1AEB28DBA88F2EBCDD292A7EB1661E9C">Prieto, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A9B8A29F988BCB4F188C3CDF479E84B4">Viloria, Angel L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="221D3325C987CA80772DFF56B4FCF6CC">Andrade, Gonzalo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B114C1E17B1DF8B3513B358450E8D5FF">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7A6278216B603D436F97F4C4691E59A3">3716</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B29E2BFFE51871FF0FCDFFFC78FAE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6151275" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6151275" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B29E2BFFE51871FF0FCDFFFC78FAE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B29E2BFFE51871FF0FCDFFFC78FAE2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">
<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFE51872FF0FCDFFFED3FB25" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFE51872FF0FCDFFFD5EFB04" blockId="1.[151,671,1156,1215]" box="[151,671,1156,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">
<heading id="D0EC9851FFE51872FF0FCDFFFD5EFB04" bold="true" box="[151,671,1156,1182]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FF0FCDFFFD5EFB04" bold="true" box="[151,671,1156,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FF0FCDFFFD91FB04" authority="Pyrcz &amp; Viloria" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Viloria" box="[151,592,1156,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haydoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FF0FCDFFFE43FB04" bold="true" box="[151,386,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">Pedaliodes haydoni</emphasis>
Pyrcz &amp; Viloria
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C4E54FFE51872FDC5CDFFFD5EFB04" box="[605,671,1156,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFE51872FF0FCDDDFED3FB25" blockId="1.[151,671,1156,1215]" box="[151,274,1190,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">
(
<figureCitation id="132033B8FFE51872FF07CDDDFF2DFB25" box="[159,236,1190,1215]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[262,1342,215,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[221,1381,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Pedaliodes adults. 1, P. haydoni male (holotype); 2, P. porcia male; 3, P. adrianae male (holotype); 4, P. adrianae female (paratype); 5, P. rodriguezi male (holotype); 6, P. ro dr i gu e z i female (paratype); 7, P. philinae male (holotype); 8, P. philinae female (paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220317/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132033B8FFE51872FF62CDDCFEC8FB25" box="[250,265,1191,1215]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[247,1333,233,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1347,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Male genitalia. Pedaliodes haydoni (paratype): 9 A, genitalia in lateral view; 9 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 9 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes adrianae (paratype): 10 A, genitalia in lateral view; 10 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 10 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes philinae (paratype): 11 A, genitalia in lateral view; 11 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 11 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes rodriguezi (paratype): 12 A, genitalia in lateral view; 12 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 12 C, aedeagus in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220318/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFE51872FF0FCD8AFD10FA5C" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFE51872FF0FCD8AFD10FA5C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1262,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FF0FCD8AFE40FA90" bold="true" box="[151,385,1265,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54A0919FFFE51872FE10CD89FDDAFA90" box="[392,539,1266,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
(male): 
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFE51872FDE3CD8AFD2DFA90" box="[635,748,1265,1290]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Departamento Boyacá, Arcabuco, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F49FAFFE51872FBE5CD8AFB3AFA90" box="[1149,1275,1262,1290]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" precision="15" value="5.7494445">5o44’58’’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F49FAFFE51872FA9FCD89FA56FA90" box="[1287,1431,1262,1290]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" precision="15" value="-73.42972">73o25’47’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CE382D8FFE51872FF0FCC6DFF2EFAB7" box="[151,239,1302,1326]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFA509FDFFE51872FF65CC6DFEB2FAB4" box="[253,371,1302,1326]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" value="2008-02-02">02.II.2008</date>
, H. Warren-Gash leg., HWG, to be deposited in MHN-UN; 
<typeStatus id="54A0919FFFE51872FB87CC6DFB7BFAB4" box="[1055,1210,1302,1326]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFE51872FB53CC6EFAE8FAB4" box="[1227,1321,1301,1326]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
): 
<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFE51872FAA5CC6DFA58FAB4" box="[1341,1433,1301,1326]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
: same data as the 
<typeStatus id="54A0919FFFE51872FEE9CC47FE17FACF" box="[369,470,1340,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 2 HWG, 1 MZUJ; 
<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFE51872FD4CCC46FCEAFACF" box="[724,811,1340,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Boyacá, Villa de Leyva, SFF Iguaque, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F49FAFFE51872FA81CC47FA56FACF" box="[1305,1431,1337,1365]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" precision="15" value="5.643611">5o38’37’’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F49FAFFE51872FF0FCC18FEE6FAE1" box="[151,295,1375,1403]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" precision="15" value="-73.488884">73o29’20’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CE382D8FFE51872FEACCC18FE4DFAE1" box="[308,396,1379,1403]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="2900.0">2900 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFA509FDFFE51872FE01CC18FDEFFAE6" box="[409,558,1379,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" value="2006-08-27">27.VIII.2006</date>
, i421, C. Prieto leg., CPC; 
<specimenCount id="9D1DE4B4FFE51872FCFFCC18FC78FAE6" box="[871,953,1379,1404]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFE51872FC5CCC18FBF4FAE6" box="[964,1077,1379,1404]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Depto. de Boyacá, west below Arcabuco, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F49FAFFE51872FE81CCF2FE56FA38" box="[281,407,1414,1442]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" precision="15" value="5.7680554">5o46’05’’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F49FAFFE51872FE32CCF1FDFBFA38" box="[426,570,1414,1442]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" precision="15" value="-73.47417">73o28’27’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CE382D8FFE51872FDD5CCF2FD30FA3B" box="[589,753,1417,1442]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.525" metricValueMax="2.55" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="2525.0" valueMax="2550.0" valueMin="2500.0">2500–2550 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFA509FDFFE51872FC9CCCF2FC44FA38" box="[772,901,1417,1442]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" value="1977-07-25">25.07.1977</date>
, “ 
<typeStatus id="54A0919FFFE51872FC3ACCF2FBCEFA38" box="[930,1039,1417,1442]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
” of 
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FBD5CCF1FF22FA5C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FBD5CCF1FA5DFA3B" box="[1101,1436,1418,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cocuyana" subSpecies="nomen">Pedaliodes cocuyana nomen</taxonomicName>
nudum
</emphasis>
, designated by A. L. Viloria, 1991, BMNH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFE51872FF5FCCAAFC38F890" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFE51872FF5FCCAAFC38F890" blockId="1.[151,1437,1262,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FF5FCCAAFE80FA70" bold="true" box="[199,321,1489,1514]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
HWV pattern similar to several species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FCC5CCA9FB6CFA70" authority="Hewitson" authorityName="Hewitson" box="[861,1197,1489,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FCC5CCA9FBE7FA70" box="[861,1062,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">Pedaliodes phaea</emphasis>
(Hewitson)
</taxonomicName>
group, characterized by a wide postdiscal—submarginal lighter area, but with this area darker in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FC62CC8CFBB0F994" box="[1018,1137,1526,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haydoni">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FC62CC8CFBB0F994" box="[1018,1137,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">P. haydoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of a heavy russet and brown suffusion which overcasts most of the underlying sandy yellow, and with the inner edge distinctively irregular. In other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FD9ECF44FDA6F9CC" box="[518,615,1598,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FD9ECF44FDA6F9CC" box="[518,615,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">P. phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, in which this character is stable and species-specific, this band is nearly straight from vein M1 to anal margin, including in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FC8FCF19FC56F9E0" box="[791,919,1634,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adrianae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FC8FCF19FC56F9E0" box="[791,919,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">P. adrianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FC05CF1AFC1DF9E0" bold="true" box="[925,988,1633,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25C4E54FFE51872FC05CF1AFC1DF9E0" box="[925,988,1633,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FB89CF19FB46F9E0" box="[1041,1159,1634,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baccara">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FB89CF19FB46F9E0" box="[1041,1159,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">P. baccara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FF0FCFFCFF38F904" box="[151,249,1670,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FF0FCFFCFF38F904" box="[151,249,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">P. phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group with wings dorsally are all dark brown. The latter species is consistently smaller and occurs at lower elevations in the Central Cordillera. There are consistent genitalic differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FB4ACFD1FA8BF958" box="[1234,1354,1706,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haydoni">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FB4ACFD1FA8BF958" box="[1234,1354,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">P. haydoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FA1FCFD1FF3DF97C" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adrianae">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FA1FCFD1FF3DF97C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">P. adrianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE51872FEB7CFB4FE69F97C" box="[303,424,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haydoni">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FEB7CFB4FE69F97C" box="[303,424,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">P. haydoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the valvae are slender with the dorsal process blunt, situated closer to the tip, and the aedeagus with a prominent mid-dorsal hump and a thinner proximal opening.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFE51871FF5FCE6EFE5FFCC7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="1" pageNumber="529" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFE51871FF5FCE6EFAB0FCA2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1262,2018]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,1400]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="530" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FF5FCE6EFE98F8B4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1813,1838]" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE51872FEFCCE6DFE5FF8B4" box="[356,414,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132033B8FFE51872FE29CE6EFE37F8B4" box="[433,502,1813,1838]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[262,1342,215,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[221,1381,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Pedaliodes adults. 1, P. haydoni male (holotype); 2, P. porcia male; 3, P. adrianae male (holotype); 4, P. adrianae female (paratype); 5, P. rodriguezi male (holotype); 6, P. ro dr i gu e z i female (paratype); 7, P. philinae male (holotype); 8, P. philinae female (paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220317/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="529">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Head: Antennae slender, reaching nearly half length of costa, naked, dorsally chestnut, then brown, ventrally orange brown, club formed gradually, slightly thicker than shaft, composed of 11 flagellomeres, dark brown. Eyes chestnut, lustrous, covered with dense, black hair. Labial palpi two times as long as head, covered with dark brown, black and golden yellow hairy scales, ventrally long, laterally and dorsally short. Frons with a tuft of long, black and golden yellow hair. Thorax: Dorsally black, patagium, tegulae and prothorax covered with long, brown and golden yellow hairy scales, otherwise mostly naked; ventrally black; legs brown, tibiae covered with black and golden yellow hair, femora and tarsi with chestnut scales, tarsi with numerous blackish, short spines. FW (length 
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) with a subacute apex and slightly concave outer margin, regular, impression of slight undulation is given by the intermittent dark brown and milky white fringes; FWD uniform glossy dark brown; scent patch of moderate size, roughly 
<quantity id="4CE382D8FFE61871FC83C87FFCB6FE86" box="[795,887,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
wide, extending in median area from base of M1 to anal margin, marginally entering discal-cell. HW rounded, with undulating outer margin; fringes intermittently dark brown and milky white from apex to M3, HWD uniform dark brown from M3 to tornus; uniform dark brown, less glossy than the FW, slightly hairy in basal part and along anal margin. FWV dull medium brown, a shade lighter between postdiscal and submarginal line; outer margin auburn; a series of four minute white dots in subapical area from R4–R5 to M2–M3. HWV auburn; a lighter milky white area gradually turning orange yellow towards anal margin, heavily overcast with a russet ripple-like pattern, extending from postdiscal to submarginal area, with an irregular inner edge, distinctively curved basally along M2, and a zigzagging outer edge, roughly parallel to outer margin; a row of five minute, oval submarginal dots, two of which lilac, in Rs–M1, M1–M2 and M2–M3 slightly more prominent. Abdomen: Black, basal segments hairy, dorsally mostly naked and covered with brown scales, denser laterally, ventrally covered with chestnut scales. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="132033B8FFE61871FB13CB17FB12FD1E" box="[1163,1235,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[247,1333,233,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[243,1347,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Male genitalia. Pedaliodes haydoni (paratype): 9 A, genitalia in lateral view; 9 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 9 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes adrianae (paratype): 10 A, genitalia in lateral view; 10 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 10 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes philinae (paratype): 11 A, genitalia in lateral view; 11 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 11 C, aedeagus in dorsal view; Pedaliodes rodriguezi (paratype): 12 A, genitalia in lateral view; 12 B, aedeagus in lateral view; 12 C, aedeagus in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220318/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) with dorsum of tegumen flat, uncus slender, gently arched, approximately ¾ the length of tegumen dorsum, subunci long and slender, approximately 2/3 the length of uncus, pedunculus small, valvae roughly the length of tegumen+uncus, with a short, blunt dorsal process aligned with the blunt distal extremity; saccus wide and shallow, aedeagus as long as saccus+valve, massive, flattened dorso ventrally with a prominent hump in the middle and a sharp apical extremity, proximal opening 1/3 the length of the entire aedeagus, much narrower than the remaining part of it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFE61871FF5FCA3FFE5FFCC7" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1400]" box="[199,414,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FF5FCA3FFEDAFCC6" box="[199,283,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">Female</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFE61871FF5FCA1CFDF5FC77" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFE61871FF5FCA1CFDF5FC77" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FF5FCA1CFE8FFC1A" bold="true" box="[199,334,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is dedicated to Haydon Warren-Gash, British diplomat, High Commissioner to 
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFE61871FF0FCAF7FEC9FC3F" box="[151,264,908,933]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFE61871FE83CAF6FE66FC3E" box="[283,423,908,933]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F30C6FADFFE61871FE75CAF6FD94FC3E" box="[493,597,909,932]" name="Morocco" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, and a lepidopterist specializing in the taxonomy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FB7DCAF7FAA5FC3F" box="[1253,1380,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaenidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FF0FCAD4FEE1FC52" box="[151,288,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
, with vast experience in African and Andean faunas, in recognition to his contributions to the knowledge of Colombian butterflies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3017CB6FFE61871FF5FCA8CFC78FAE2" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA42F3DFFE61871FF5FCA8CFC78FAE2" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FF5FCA8CFE8EFB8A" bold="true" box="[199,335,1015,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">Comments.</emphasis>
Morphological characters involving wing shape, underside color pattern and genitalia indicate that 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FF51CD66FEFEFBAE" box="[201,319,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haydoni">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FF51CD66FEFEFBAE" box="[201,319,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. haydoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the large, possibly monophyletic 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FCA3CD66FC5DFBAE" box="[827,924,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FCA3CD66FC5DFBAE" box="[827,924,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of species (Pyrcz 2007). This group is found in high elevation cloud forests throughout the northern Andes but is particularly diverse in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera, where in addition to the polytypic 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FD65CD1EFC9FFBE6" box="[765,862,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FD65CD1EFC9FFBE6" box="[765,862,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FCF5CD1EFB49FBE6" authority="Staudinger, P." authorityName="Staudinger, P." box="[877,1160,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeina">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FCF5CD1EFC25FBE6" box="[877,996,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. phaeina</emphasis>
Staudinger, 
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FBEBCD1EFB49FBE6" box="[1139,1160,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fuscata (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder), 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FF6ECDF2FDDDFB3A" authority="Viloria &amp; Pyrcz, P." authorityName="Viloria &amp; Pyrcz, P." box="[246,540,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reyi">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FF6ECDF2FEFFFB05" box="[246,318,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. reyi</emphasis>
Viloria &amp; Pyrcz, 
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FD9FCDF2FDDDFB3A" box="[519,540,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
valencia Pyrcz &amp; Viloria and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FCEDCDF2FB8BFB3A" authority="Adams" authorityName="Adams" box="[885,1098,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bernardi">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FCEDCDF2FC33FB3A" box="[885,1010,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. bernardi</emphasis>
Adams
</taxonomicName>
also occur. In most localities, two or three related species distributed approximately parapatrically across an altitudinal gradient are found, usually with considerable overlap in elevational range. In the Sierra de El Tamá, the lowest flying representative of the group is 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FEBDCD8EFD09FA97" authority="Viloria &amp; Pyrcz" authorityName="Viloria &amp; Pyrcz" box="[293,712,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscata" subSpecies="parapatra">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FEBDCD8EFDCCFA96" box="[293,525,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. fuscata parapatra</emphasis>
Viloria &amp; Pyrcz
</taxonomicName>
(
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), the intermediate one is 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FB0FCD8EFB1EFA96" box="[1175,1247,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reyi">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FB0FCD8EFB1EFA96" box="[1175,1247,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. reyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CE382D8FFE61871FB76CD8FFA4EFA96" box="[1262,1423,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" unit="m" value="2900.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800–3000 m</quantity>
), and the uppermost one 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FE3FCC62FDE5FAAA" box="[423,548,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valencia">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FE3FCC62FDE5FAAA" box="[423,548,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. valencia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(~ 
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). In the Arcabuco area in Boyacá, the most common species is 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FA1FCC62FEE8FACE" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="phaea" subSpecies="phaea">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FA1FCC62FEE8FACE" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. phaea phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, usually occurring at 
<quantity id="4CE382D8FFE61871FDB2CC47FD0AFACE" box="[554,715,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" unit="m" value="2700.0" valueMax="2800.0" valueMin="2600.0">2600–2800 m</quantity>
. Most of the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FB94CC46FB45FACE" box="[1036,1156,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haydoni">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FB94CC46FB45FACE" box="[1036,1156,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. haydoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected between 
<quantity id="4CE382D8FFE61871FF0FCC1BFEF5FAE2" box="[151,308,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" unit="m" value="2850.0" valueMax="2900.0" valueMin="2800.0">2800–2900 m</quantity>
, which indicates it replaces 
<taxonomicName id="4C1B54BEFFE61871FDF7CC1AFD0FFAE2" box="[623,718,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="530" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaea">
<emphasis id="B96FF32FFFE61871FDF7CC1AFD0FFAE2" box="[623,718,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="530">P. phaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at higher elevations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>