166 lines
18 KiB
XML
166 lines
18 KiB
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<mods:titleInfo id="92905B98E5DAD79A91AD04A5166F7F5E">
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<mods:title id="C00A83F7D3A71ED1ACCA2D1D7E663F6C">Echimyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FFB4A380C68C3BB61421572303DE9B40" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4F19502C4F7D63A28F7958D6197C4E0E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4C171FF739ECF326DA8F8C4A789D4021" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="989C64A9522900F6750A9FBE5A38A923">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="CAD7448A7B0BF19254C04DD9B1EE245A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1752CF509B86DB214B00CD3EF73BB88E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0B91467DD97917E4D95BAF9D3E5023D1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="1B7675CDD75DEBFD853F1A62F65FC2AB">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="D905DEA3D7D13EAC8D144C2B47DFCAB1" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="01F35FD780F49F8006D3662198610885">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="D4C12479CC35DE4D86291053B6AA945B">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="24C30809ECB7F08185E1693B6636A222">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="9CD6BEDA8564BCFF0E02078FF0174582" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6623649</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C5A071FFF9FFCDFAE6591B5CAAF5BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6620177" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195810039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6620177" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5A071FFF9FFCDFAE6591B5CAAF5BB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5A071FFF9FFCDFAE6591B5CAAF5BB" lastPageNumber="572" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDFAE6591B5FF2FED4" box="[1370,1427,274,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDFAE6591B5FF2FED4" blockId="20.[1368,2482,274,364]" box="[1370,1427,274,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFF9FFCDFAE6591B5FF2FED4" box="[1370,1427,274,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<figureCitation id="13570DE2FFF9FFCDFAE6591B5FF2FED4" box="[1370,1427,274,320]" captionStart="Plate 35: Echimyidae" captionStartId="8.[107,137,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[14,2758,14,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="12. Broad-headed Spiny-rat (Clyomys laticeps), 13. Guiara (Euryzygomatomys spinosus), 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Irinomys albispinus), 15. Elias’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys eliasi), 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus), 17. Yonenaga’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus), 19. Moojen’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni), 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga), 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus), 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys thering), 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus), 24. Sao Lourenco Punare (Thrichomys laurentius), 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis), 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides), 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus), 28. Foster’s Punare (Thrichomys fosteri), 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus), 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus), 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623784/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">37.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDFA18591B5D04FED4" box="[1444,1893,274,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDFA18591B5D04FED4" blockId="20.[1368,2482,274,364]" box="[1444,1893,274,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFF9FFCDFA18591B5D04FED4" box="[1444,1893,274,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFF9FFCDFA18591B5D04FED4" box="[1444,1893,274,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">O’Connell’s Spiny-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDF814591B5374FED4" box="[1960,2325,274,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDF814591B5374FED4" blockId="20.[1368,2482,274,364]" box="[1960,2325,274,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFF9FFCDF814591B5374FED4" box="[1960,2325,274,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFF9FFCDF814591B5374FED4" ID-CoL="4MQLC" authority="J. A. Allen" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1913" box="[1960,2325,274,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oconnelli">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDF814591B5374FED4" box="[1960,2325,274,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Proechimys oconnelli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDFAE5595B53D1FEF3" box="[1369,2480,338,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDFAE5595B53D1FEF3" blockId="20.[1368,2482,274,364]" box="[1369,2480,338,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFF9FFCDFAE5595B53D1FEF3" box="[1369,2480,338,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDFAE5595B5FC4FEF3" bold="true" box="[1369,1445,338,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFF9FFCDFA12595B5CFEFEF3" box="[1454,1695,338,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Rat-épineux d'O’Connell</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDF90A595B5D71FEF3" bold="true" box="[1718,1808,338,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFF9FFCDF8A5595B5243FEF3" box="[1817,2082,338,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">O'Connell-Kurzstachelratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDF78B595B52F2FEF3" bold="true" box="[2103,2195,338,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFF9FFCDF721595B53D1FEF3" box="[2205,2480,338,359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Rata espinosa de O'Connell</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDF801599D5267FE49" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDF801599D5267FE49" blockId="20.[1981,2575,404,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDF801599D5239FE21" bold="true" box="[1981,2136,404,437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFF9FFCDF7DA599D5263FE49" ID-CoL="4MQLC" authority="J. A. Allen" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oconnelli">Proechimys oconnelli J. A. Allen, 1913</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDF7AE59C9523BFD92" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDF7AE59C9523BFD92" blockId="20.[1981,2575,404,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<materialsCitation id="3B041B3AFFF9FFCDF7AE59C9523BFD92" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804303301" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">“Villavicencio (alt. 1600 ft.), [Meta,] Colombia.”</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDF8015A0353FFFDC7" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDF8015A0353FFFDC7" blockId="20.[1981,2575,404,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFF9FFCDF8015A0352DFFDBF" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1913" box="[1981,2238,522,555]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oconnelli">Proechimys oconnelli</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the semispinosus-species group. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDF8015A53524BFD5D" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF1341EFFFF9FFCDF8015A53524BFD5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6623738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623738/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" targetBox="[1366,1957,415,829]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDF8015A53524BFD5D" blockId="20.[1981,2575,404,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDF8015A53520DFDEF" bold="true" box="[1981,2156,602,635]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Distribution.</emphasis>
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C Colombia (headwaters of Meta and Guaviare rivers E of E Andes Range).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDF8015AC65349F84A" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDF8015AC65349F84A" blockId="20.[1981,2575,404,832]" lastBlockId="20.[1369,2577,838,2607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDF8015AC652DEFD64" bold="true" box="[1981,2239,719,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 250 mm, tail 175 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. O’Connell’s Spiny-rat is moderately large-bodied, with medium length tail (c.70% of head—body length). Dorsal color is orange rufous, finely lined with black, paler on sides than mid-back and rump. Venter is pure white, sharply defined against color of sides. Pale inner thigh stripe is continuous across ankle onto dorsal surface of hindfoot, which is two-toned, pale cream on inner one-half and light brown on outer one-half, with dark color typically extending to fourth andfifth toes. Plantar pads are moderate in size, with thenar and hypothenar sub-equal. Tail is sharply bicolored, dark brown above and creamy white below, and thinly clothed with short, fine hairs. Visible scale annuli are relatively wide, averaging 9 annuli/cm along mid-length oftail. Pelage is neither distinctly nor heavily spiny because aristiforms are weakly developed, long (18-21 mm) and thin (0-8-0-9 mm), and tipped with long whip-like filament. Skull of O’Connell’s Spinyrat is unremarkable, with elongated and tapering rostrum. Temporal ridge is either non-existent or only weakly developed, extending posteriorly from supraorbital ledge onto parietals. In this aspect, O’Connell’s Spiny-rat contrasts sharply with its presumptive sister species, Tomes’s Spiny-rat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFF9FFCDF8CE5D675221FA1B" box="[1906,2112,1390,1423]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semispinosus">P. semispinosus</taxonomicName>
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). Post-orbital process of zygoma is obsolete but formed completely by jugal. Incisive foramina are angular to lyrate in shape, with moderately developed posterolateral flanges that extend onto anterior palate forming grooves on either side of midline and despite only moderate development of maxillary keel and median palatal ridge. Premaxillary part of septum is well developed and elongated, encompassing more than one-half the opening; premaxillary part is well developed and always in contact with premaxillary part; and vomer is completely encased and notvisible in ventral aspect. Floor of infraorbital foramen has obvious groove formed by distinct lateral flange that supports passage of maxillary nerve. Mesopterygoid fossa is moderate in width, with angle averaging 63°, and penetrates to middle of M?. Upper and lower cheekteeth are simplified, with three folds on each upper tooth and dP, and 2-3 folds on lower molars. Counterfold pattern is 3-3-3-3/3-(2)-(2)-2(3). Baculum of O’Connell’s Spiny-rat is of medium length (length 8:2-8-4 mm) but broad (proximal width 4-9 mm; distal width 4-4-5-3 mm), similar to that of Tomes’s Spiny-rat in its blunt and thickened base but without distal apical extensions. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 32 and FN = 52.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDFAE65FED52F1F7B9" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDFAE65FED52F1F7B9" blockId="20.[1369,2577,838,2607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDFAE65FED5FA8F791" bold="true" box="[1370,1481,2020,2053]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Cis-Andean tropical evergreen forest on eastern slopes of the Eastern Andes Range and Sierra de Macarena at elevations of 170-700 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDFAE6503A537FF7C0" box="[1370,2334,2099,2132]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDFAE6503A537FF7C0" blockId="20.[1369,2577,838,2607]" box="[1370,2334,2099,2132]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDFAE6503A5C3EF7C0" bold="true" box="[1370,1631,2099,2132]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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There is no information available for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDFAE6505252FEF7E8" box="[1370,2207,2139,2172]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDFAE6505252FEF7E8" blockId="20.[1369,2577,838,2607]" box="[1370,2207,2139,2172]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDFAE650525F81F7E8" bold="true" box="[1370,1504,2139,2172]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
There is no information available for this species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDFAE5508B5D8BF75F" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="activity">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDFAE5508B5D8BF75F" blockId="20.[1369,2577,838,2607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDFAE5508B5C2CF737" bold="true" box="[1369,1613,2178,2211]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
There is no specific information available for this species, but O’Connell’s Spiny-rat is presumably nocturnal.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDFAE650D85C4EF68E" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDFAE650D85C4EF68E" blockId="20.[1369,2577,838,2607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDFAE650D85240F766" bold="true" box="[1370,2081,2257,2290]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
There is no information available for this species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDFAE751295228F623" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDFAE751295228F623" blockId="20.[1369,2577,838,2607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDFAE751295CDFF6D5" bold="true" box="[1371,1726,2336,2369]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Lack of published studies on biology of O’Connell’s Spiny-rat underscores need for fieldwork designed to understand local abundance, habitat requirements, and potential threats before a proper conservation status can be identified.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFF9FFCDFAE051CC5CAAF5BB" pageId="20" pageNumber="572" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFF9FFCDFAE051CC5CAAF5BB" blockId="20.[1369,2577,838,2607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFF9FFCDFAE051CC5F95F64A" bold="true" box="[1372,1524,2501,2526]" pageId="20" pageNumber="572">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Allen (1913), Eisenberg (1989), Emmons (1990, 1997a), Gardner & Emmons (1984), Hershkovitz (1948), Patton (1987), Patton & Gardner (1972), Patton & Leite (2015), Patton & Reig (1989), Tate (1939), Woods (1993), Woods & Kilpatrick (2005).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|