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<mods:title id="5EE179F796868A602C43A6FAA0A065CB">A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania)</mods:title>
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In the recent decades, 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBE61166DB9EC1DFD4E8E45" author="Laurent" box="[469,641,1794,1820]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="15 - 18" refId="ref63709" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1983) Contribucion al conocimiento de la estructura taxonomica del genero Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina, 1, 15 - 18." type="journal article" year="1983">Laurent (1983</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBE61166EFCEC1DFD148E45" author="Laurent" box="[656,731,1794,1820]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref63891" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1985 b) Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de la estructura taxonomica del genero Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 1, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="b">1985b</bibRefCitation>
, 
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) was the first author that formulated an explicit and powerful hypothesis on the phylogenetic relationships of higher groups among 
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<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBE61166829EC34FB708E1D" box="[1093,1215,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Liolaemus</emphasis>
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lizards. After performing a series of statistical analyses on previously overlooked and underestimated morphological traits, he found that these lizards can be separated into two major groups, one mainly Andean-occidental and one Andean-oriental. Morphologically, the occidental group, called by 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBE61166FD5ECBDFBBB8EE5" author="Laurent" box="[953,1140,1954,1980]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref63891" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1985 b) Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de la estructura taxonomica del genero Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 1, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="b">Laurent (1985b</bibRefCitation>
, 
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) “Chilean group”, includes species characterized by narrow supralabial scales, usually four or fewer, the last one elongated and upturned in its posterior margin, and with a low number of precloacal glands (= preanal pores), usually four or fewer (see 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176D4DEBDFFE118983" author="Etheridge" box="[289,478,192,218]" firstAuthor="Etheridge" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref59230" refString="Etheridge, R. (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates, 3142, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1995">Etheridge 1995</bibRefCitation>
). This group of taxa was placed by 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176FCAEBDFFBAB8983" author="Laurent" box="[934,1124,192,218]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref63891" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1985 b) Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de la estructura taxonomica del genero Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 1, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="b">Laurent (1985b</bibRefCitation>
, 
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) into the subgenus 
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<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176CFBEBF7FEDE8858" box="[151,273,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Liolaemus</emphasis>
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(
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176D4FEBF7FE788858" box="[291,439,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sensu stricto</emphasis>
). Species belonging to the oriental group, called “Argentinean group”, exhibit short supralabial scales, usually five or more, the last one is not upturned posteriorly, a high number of precloacal glands, usually five or more (up to 12), the puboischiotibialis muscle (flexor tibialis internus 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF611768BEEA27FB318808" box="[1234,1278,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">fide</emphasis>
Abdala, V. 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF611769EBEA27FF7A8820" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2006) hypertrophied, and a conspicuous sharp, blade-like process on the tibia (see 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF611768C8EA7FFA918823" author="Etheridge" box="[1188,1374,352,378]" firstAuthor="Etheridge" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref59230" refString="Etheridge, R. (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates, 3142, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1995">Etheridge 1995</bibRefCitation>
; also 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176CFBEA97FEA488FB" author="Nunez" box="[151,363,392,418]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunez" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="117 - 130" refId="ref67764" refString="Nunez, H., Navarro, J. &amp; Veloso, A. (2000) Liolaemus foxi, una nueva especie de lagarto para el norte de Chile (Squamata: Reptilia: Sauria). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, 49, 117 - 130." type="journal article" year="2000">
Núñez 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176C86EA97FEEA88F8" box="[234,293,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
). This complex of species was recognized under the subgenus 
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<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF6117682AEA97FB7688F8" box="[1094,1209,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eulaemus</emphasis>
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(
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF611768A4EA97FAA588FB" author="Laurent" box="[1224,1386,392,418]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref64066" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1992) On some overlooked species of the genus Liolaemus Wiegmann (Reptilia-Tropiduridae) from Peru. Breviora, 494, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1992">Laurent 1992</bibRefCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176CA3EAAFFE478893" author="Etheridge" box="[207,392,432,458]" firstAuthor="Etheridge" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref59230" refString="Etheridge, R. (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates, 3142, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1995">Etheridge 1995</bibRefCitation>
). More recently, additional morphological evidence led 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF6117684DEAAFFB258893" author="Etheridge" box="[1057,1258,432,458]" firstAuthor="Etheridge" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref59230" refString="Etheridge, R. (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates, 3142, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1995">Etheridge (1995)</bibRefCitation>
to support this classification model, who also recognized that a series of species grouped into the 
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<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176830EAC7FB1F88A8" box="[1116,1232,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Eulaemus</emphasis>
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subgenus exhibit a unique patch of enlarged scales on the posterior surface of the thigh. These lizards were then recognized as the 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFBF61176CAEE937FE8E8B18" authorityName="Koslowsky" authorityYear="1898" box="[194,321,552,577]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176CAEE937FE8E8B18" box="[194,321,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex (see 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176D80E937FD958B1B" author="Cei" box="[492,602,552,578]" firstAuthor="Cei" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref54875" refString="Cei, J. M. (1993) Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Herpetofauna de las selvas subtropicales, Puna y Pampas. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, Monografie 14, 949 pp." type="book" year="1993">Cei 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176E0AE937FCD38B1B" author="Etheridge" box="[614,796,552,578]" firstAuthor="Etheridge" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref59230" refString="Etheridge, R. (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates, 3142, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1995">Etheridge 1995</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176F44E937FCA98B1B" author="Etheridge, R." box="[808,870,552,578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="293 - 352" refId="ref59302" refString="Etheridge, R. (2000) A review of lizards of the Liolaemus wiegmannii group (Squamata, Iguania, Tropiduridae), and a history of morphological change in the sand-dwelling species. Herpetological Monographs, 14, 293 - 352." type="journal article" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176F1EE937FB858B1B" author="Halloy" box="[882,1098,552,578]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Halloy" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref61046" refString="Halloy, M., Etheridge, R. &amp; Burghardt, G. M. (1998) To bury in the sand: phylogenetic relationships among lizard species of the boulengeri group, Liolaemus (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae), based on behavioral characters. Herpetological Monographs, 12, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1998">
Halloy 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176FA6E937FBCA8B18" box="[970,1029,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF6117683AE937FF1A8B33" author="Pincheira-Donoso &amp; Nunez" firstAuthor="Pincheira-Donoso" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref69923" refString="Pincheira-Donoso, D. &amp; Nunez, H. (2005) Las especies chilenas del genero Liolaemus (Iguania, Tropiduridae, Liolaeminae). Taxonomia, sistematica y evolucion, Publicacion Ocasional del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, Santiago, 486 pp." type="book" year="2005">Pincheira-Donoso &amp; Núñez 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176C88E94FFE4F8B33" author="Abdala" box="[228,384,592,618]" firstAuthor="Abdala" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref50199" refString="Abdala, C. S. (2007) Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa, 1538, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="2007">Abdala 2007</bibRefCitation>
, for details). Remarkably, these groups of species have remained largely accepted, and more importantly, have recently been supported by phylogenetic hypotheses constructed on both morphological and molecular evidence (
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176D87E9BFFDDA8BE0" box="[491,533,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176E72E9BFFD198BE3" author="Etheridge, R." box="[542,726,672,698]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="293 - 352" refId="ref59302" refString="Etheridge, R. (2000) A review of lizards of the Liolaemus wiegmannii group (Squamata, Iguania, Tropiduridae), and a history of morphological change in the sand-dwelling species. Herpetological Monographs, 14, 293 - 352." type="journal article" year="2000">Etheridge 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176E8FE9BFFC0B8BE3" author="Schulte" box="[739,964,672,698]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schulte" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="75 - 102" refId="ref71803" refString="Schulte II, J. A., Macey, J. R., Espinoza, R. E. &amp; Larson, A. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 69, 75 - 102." type="journal article" year="2000">
Schulte 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176F2FE9BFFCB18BE0" box="[835,894,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176FBEE9BFFB088BE3" author="Espinoza" box="[978,1223,672,698]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Espinoza" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="16819 - 16824" refId="ref59093" refString="Espinoza, R. E., Wiens, J. J. &amp; Tracy, C. R. (2004) Recurrent evolution of herbivory in small, cold-climate lizards: Breaking the ecophysiological rules or reptilian herbivory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 101, 16819 - 16824." type="journal article" year="2004">
Espinoza 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176829E9BFFB4E8BE0" box="[1093,1153,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF611768B8E9BFFA588BE3" author="Cruz" box="[1236,1431,672,698]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cruz" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1559 - 1574" refId="ref56953" refString="Cruz, F. B., Fitzgerald, L. A., Espinoza, R. E. &amp; Schulte II, J. A. (2005). The importance of phylogenetic scale in tests of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules: lessons from a clade of South American lizards. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18, 1559 - 1574." type="journal article" year="2005">
Cruz 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176979E9BFFA9E8BE0" box="[1301,1361,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176CFBE9D7FEFD8BBB" author="Abdala" box="[151,306,712,738]" firstAuthor="Abdala" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref50199" refString="Abdala, C. S. (2007) Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa, 1538, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="2007">Abdala 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E8C91BFAFFBF61176CFBEC6CFD3D8EAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6789343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6789343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6789343/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,255,1907,1931]" targetBox="[389,1203,788,1876]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="BC094B72FFBF61176CFBEC6CFD3D8EAB" blockId="15.[151,1436,1907,2034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176CFBEC6CFED38ED2" bold="true" box="[151,284,1907,1931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic relationships between the major clades forming the family 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFBF61176825EC6CFB1D8ED3" authorityName="Frost &amp; Etheridge" authorityYear="1989" box="[1097,1234,1907,1930]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Liolaemidae</taxonomicName>
. The phylogenetic structure of the tree is primarily based on 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176E34EC89FCE28EF4" author="Schulte" box="[600,813,1942,1965]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schulte" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="75 - 102" refId="ref71803" refString="Schulte II, J. A., Macey, J. R., Espinoza, R. E. &amp; Larson, A. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 69, 75 - 102." type="journal article" year="2000">
Schulte 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176EC3EC89FD298EF4" box="[687,742,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2000
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176F54EC89FCBE8EF4" author="Schulte" box="[824,881,1942,1965]" firstAuthor="Schulte" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="408 - 420" refId="ref71740" refString="Schulte II, J. A., Losos, J. B., Cruz, F. B. &amp; Nunez, H. (2004) The relationship between morphology, escape behaviour and microhabitat occupation in the lizard clade Liolaemus (Iguanidae: Tropidurinae: Liolaemini). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 17, 408 - 420." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF61176FE8EC89FBBF8EF4" author="Espinoza" box="[900,1136,1942,1965]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Espinoza" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="16819 - 16824" refId="ref59093" refString="Espinoza, R. E., Wiens, J. J. &amp; Tracy, C. R. (2004) Recurrent evolution of herbivory in small, cold-climate lizards: Breaking the ecophysiological rules or reptilian herbivory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 101, 16819 - 16824." type="journal article" year="2004">
Espinoza 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176F81EC89FBEC8EF4" box="[1005,1059,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFBF611768C9EC89FAA78EF4" author="Cruz" box="[1189,1384,1942,1965]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cruz" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1559 - 1574" refId="ref56953" refString="Cruz, F. B., Fitzgerald, L. A., Espinoza, R. E. &amp; Schulte II, J. A. (2005). The importance of phylogenetic scale in tests of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules: lessons from a clade of South American lizards. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18, 1559 - 1574." type="journal article" year="2005">
Cruz 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF6117688DEC89FAD88EF4" box="[1249,1303,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
. The line 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFBF61176CAAECA6FE9B8E89" baseAuthorityName="Hombron &amp; Jacquinot" box="[198,340,1977,2000]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magellanicus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176CAAECA6FE9B8E89" box="[198,340,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">magellanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not shown in this figure (it is part of the 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176F47ECA6FBE48E89" box="[811,1067,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Donosolaemus-Vilcunia</emphasis>
clade), but see figure 4 for details on its phylogenetic position within the 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFBF61176E5BECC4FD698EAB" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[567,678,2011,2034]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFBF61176E5BECC4FD698EAB" box="[567,678,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Liolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BC094B72FFA061086CABEB87FC5E8A03" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1138]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Even though 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086D0FEB87FDC389EB" author="Laurent" box="[355,524,152,178]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="15 - 18" refId="ref63709" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1983) Contribucion al conocimiento de la estructura taxonomica del genero Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina, 1, 15 - 18." type="journal article" year="1983">Laurent (1983</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086E74EB87FDAC89EB" author="Laurent" box="[536,611,152,178]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref63891" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1985 b) Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de la estructura taxonomica del genero Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 1, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="b">1985b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086E1CEB87FD6389EB" author="Laurent" box="[624,684,152,178]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref64066" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1992) On some overlooked species of the genus Liolaemus Wiegmann (Reptilia-Tropiduridae) from Peru. Breviora, 494, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086E81EB87FC7B89EB" author="Etheridge" box="[749,948,152,178]" firstAuthor="Etheridge" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref59230" refString="Etheridge, R. (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates, 3142, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1995">Etheridge (1995)</bibRefCitation>
reported pioneer evidence to hypothesize relationships among higher-level groups within 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086EB8EBDFFC818980" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[724,846,192,217]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086EB8EBDFFC818980" box="[724,846,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Liolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the first explicit phylogenetic study focusing on the relationships among species within these clades was only recently published (
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA06108683EEBF7FAFC885B" author="Schulte" box="[1106,1331,232,258]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schulte" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="75 - 102" refId="ref71803" refString="Schulte II, J. A., Macey, J. R., Espinoza, R. E. &amp; Larson, A. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 69, 75 - 102." type="journal article" year="2000">
Schulte 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA0610868DFEBF7FB218858" box="[1203,1262,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086CFBEA0FFEB48873" author="Schulte" box="[151,379,272,298]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schulte" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="367 - 376" refId="ref71868" refString="Schulte II, J. A., Macey, J. R., Larson, A. &amp; Papenfuss, T. J. (1998) Molecular tests of phylogenetic taxonomies: a general procedure and example using four subfamilies of the lizard family Iguanidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 10, 367 - 376." type="journal article" year="1998">
Schulte 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086C9BEA0FFEFB8870" box="[247,308,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
). Schulte 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086D9DEA0FFDE28870" box="[497,557,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
’s (2000) molecular phylogeny supported substantially the hypothesis of a major event of 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086D2BEA27FE0E8808" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[327,449,312,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086D2BEA27FE0E8808" box="[327,449,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Liolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
diversification into two main clades, the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086879EA27FB408808" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1045,1167,312,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086879EA27FB408808" box="[1045,1167,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Liolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the series 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086956EA27FA538808" box="[1338,1436,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">signifier</emphasis>
(indicated by Schulte 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086DCDEA7FFE108820" box="[417,479,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
as subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086EE9EA7FFD368820" authorityName="Girard." authorityYear="1858" box="[645,761,352,377]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Eulaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086EE9EA7FFD368820" box="[645,761,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eulaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In addition, this phylogenetic study provided the first empirical evidence to test the hypothesis that austral 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086F6AEA97FC1388FB" box="[774,988,392,418]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086F6AEA97FC4F88F8" box="[774,896,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Liolaemus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
recognized as members of the groups 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086CFBEAAFFEDA8890" authorityName="Donoso-Barros &amp; Cei" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,277,432,457]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="archeforus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086CFBEAAFFEDA8890" box="[151,277,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">archeforus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086D21EAAFFD5C8893" authority="(Scolaro &amp; Cei 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Scolaro &amp; Cei" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[333,659,432,458]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kingii">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086D21EAAFFE5F8890" box="[333,400,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">kingii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086DF3EAAFFD438893" author="Scolaro &amp; Cei" box="[415,652,432,458]" firstAuthor="Scolaro" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="369 - 406" refId="ref72255" refString="Scolaro, J. A. &amp; Cei, J. M. (1997) Systematic status and relationships of Liolaemus species of the archeforus and kingii groups: a morphological and taxonumerical approach (Reptilia: Tropiduridae). Bolletino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 15, 369 - 406." type="journal article" year="1997">Scolaro &amp; Cei 1997</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
may represent primitive Patagonian states in the evolutionary history of this genus (
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086D1DEAC7FDED88AB" author="Laurent" box="[369,546,472,498]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref63891" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1985 b) Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de la estructura taxonomica del genero Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 1, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="b">Laurent 1985b</bibRefCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086EFDEAC7FD3088AB" author="Cei" box="[657,767,472,498]" firstAuthor="Cei" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref54786" refString="Cei, J. M. (1986) Reptiles del centro, centro-oeste y sur de la Argentina. Herpetofauna de las zonas aridas y semiaridas. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, Monografie 4, 528 pp." type="book" year="1986">Cei 1986</bibRefCitation>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086FD8EAC7FBB988AB" author="Laurent" box="[948,1142,472,498]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref63891" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1985 b) Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de la estructura taxonomica del genero Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 1, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="b">Laurent (1985b)</bibRefCitation>
, morphological peculiarities observed in these austral species would be indicative of their ancestral position within 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086885E91FFAAC8B40" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1257,1379,512,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086885E91FFAAC8B40" box="[1257,1379,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Liolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086CBCE937FE458B1B" author="Etheridge" box="[208,394,552,578]" firstAuthor="Etheridge" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref59230" refString="Etheridge, R. (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates, 3142, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1995">Etheridge 1995</bibRefCitation>
). However, Schulte 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086E12E937FD738B18" box="[638,700,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
’s (2000) results rejected such claims. Indeed, this phylogeny revealed that the 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086D0FE94FFDE28B30" box="[355,557,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">archeforus-kingii</emphasis>
line (i.e. subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086F79E94FFC0C8B30" authorityName="Pincheira-Donoso &amp; Nunez" authorityYear="2005" box="[789,963,592,617]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Donosolaemus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086F79E94FFC0C8B30" box="[789,963,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Donosolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) would be related to the 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086881E94FFAAE8B30" authorityName="Girard." authorityYear="1858" box="[1261,1377,592,617]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Eulaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086881E94FFAAE8B30" box="[1261,1377,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eulaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus, and therefore, that it originated after the first main diversification event experienced by this genus, during the Tertiary (
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086D30E9BFFE498BE0" box="[348,390,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086DE2E9BFFCD58BE3" author="Pincheira-Donoso &amp; Nunez" box="[398,794,672,698]" firstAuthor="Pincheira-Donoso" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref69871" refString="Pincheira-Donoso, D. &amp; Nunez, H. (2003) Liolaemus robertoi, una nueva especie de Los Andes del norte de Chile perteneciente al grupo ruibali (Iguania: Tropiduridae: Liolaeminae). Multequina, Latin American Journal of Natural Resources, 12, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2003">Pincheira-Donoso &amp; Núñez 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Later phylogenetic studies have provided, in general, similar results in relation to the relationships among subgenera, among clades within subgenera (
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086975E9D7FA8C8BB8" box="[1305,1347,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">e.g.</emphasis>
groups 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086CFBE9EFFF348A50" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,251,752,777]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticolor">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086CFBE9EFFF348A50" box="[151,251,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">alticolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086D60E9EFFE038A50" box="[268,460,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">elongatus-kriegi</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086DB0E9EFFD948A50" authorityName="Koslowsky" authorityYear="1898" box="[476,603,752,777]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086DB0E9EFFD948A50" box="[476,603,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and among series of species (
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086FB6E9EFFBCB8A50" box="[986,1028,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086862E9EFFB148A53" author="Avila" box="[1038,1243,752,778]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Avila" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="187 - 203" refId="ref51567" refString="Avila, L. J., Morando, M., Perez, C. H. F. &amp; Sites, J. W, Jr. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships of lizards of the Liolaemus petrophilus group (Squamata, Liolaemidae), with description of two new species from western Argentina. Herpetologica, 60, 187 - 203." type="journal article" year="2004">
Avila 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA06108683BE9EFFB5B8A50" box="[1111,1172,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086886E9EFFF1A8A6B" author="Espinoza" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Espinoza" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="16819 - 16824" refId="ref59093" refString="Espinoza, R. E., Wiens, J. J. &amp; Tracy, C. R. (2004) Recurrent evolution of herbivory in small, cold-climate lizards: Breaking the ecophysiological rules or reptilian herbivory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 101, 16819 - 16824." type="journal article" year="2004">
Espinoza 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086933E9EFFA538A50" box="[1375,1436,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086C88E807FE2F8A6B" author="Morando" box="[228,480,792,818]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Morando" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="842 - 861" refId="ref66517" refString="Morando, M., Avila, L. J., Baker, J. &amp; Sites, J. W. (2004) Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae): evidence for introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Evolution, 58, 842 - 861." type="journal article" year="2004">
Morando 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086D36E807FE578A68" box="[346,408,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086D83E807FD768A6B" author="Cruz" box="[495,697,792,818]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cruz" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1559 - 1574" refId="ref56953" refString="Cruz, F. B., Fitzgerald, L. A., Espinoza, R. E. &amp; Schulte II, J. A. (2005). The importance of phylogenetic scale in tests of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules: lessons from a clade of South American lizards. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18, 1559 - 1574." type="journal article" year="2005">
Cruz 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086E5FE807FDBF8A68" box="[563,624,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086EA4E807FCAA8A6B" author="Abdala" box="[712,869,792,818]" firstAuthor="Abdala" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref50199" refString="Abdala, C. S. (2007) Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa, 1538, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="2007">Abdala 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086F18E807FB2A8A6B" author="Pincheira-Donoso" box="[884,1253,792,818]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pincheira-Donoso" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="25 - 42" refId="ref70157" refString="Pincheira-Donoso, D., Scolaro, J. A. &amp; Schulte II, J. A. (2007 a) The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile. Zootaxa, 1452, 25 - 42." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">
Pincheira-Donoso 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA06108683EE807FB5F8A68" box="[1106,1168,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2007a
</bibRefCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086932E807FF1A8A03" author="Lobo" firstAuthor="Lobo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="137 - 150" refId="ref64638" refString="Lobo, F. (2001) A phylogenetic analysis of lizards of the Liolaemus chiliensis group (Iguania: Tropiduridae). Herpetological Journal, 11, 137 - 150." type="journal article" year="2001">Lobo 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086C8DE85FFE0F8A03" author="Diaz &amp; Lobo" box="[225,448,832,858]" firstAuthor="Diaz" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="261 - 274" refId="ref57471" refString="Diaz, J. M. &amp; Lobo, F. (2006) Historical biogeography of a clade of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) based on ancestral areas and dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 46, 261 - 274." type="journal article" year="2006">Díaz &amp; Lobo 2006</bibRefCitation>
, for morphological based phylogenies).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC094B72FFA061086CABE877FC3D8D2B" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1138]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
In spite of an increasing number of studies exploring relationships among 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA06108685FE877FB628AD8" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1075,1197,872,897]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA06108685FE877FB628AD8" box="[1075,1197,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Liolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa published over the last few years, many aspects of the phylogeny of this lineage remain still controversial. For example, the position in the phylogenetic structure of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086E82E8A7FCA78A88" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[750,872,952,977]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086E82E8A7FCA78A88" box="[750,872,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Liolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086FFDE8A7FBBA8A88" authorityName="Cei" authorityYear="1981" box="[913,1141,952,977]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoanomalus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086FFDE8A7FBBA8A88" box="[913,1141,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. pseudoanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species recognized by Cei (
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086CBEE8FFFF338AA0" box="[210,252,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">e.g.</emphasis>
1986, 1993; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086E6FE8FFFD7D8AA3" author="Laurent" box="[515,690,992,1018]" firstAuthor="Laurent" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="357 - 373" refId="ref63746" refString="Laurent, R. F. (1984 a) On some iguanid genera related to or previously confused with Liolaemus Wiegmann. Journal of Herpetology, 18, 357 - 373." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="a">Laurent 1984a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086EADE8FFFC1B8AA3" author="Nunez &amp; Yanez" box="[705,980,992,1018]" firstAuthor="Nunez" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="97 - 105" refId="ref68213" refString="Nunez, H. &amp; Yanez, J. (1984 b) Abas y Velosaura nuevos generos de lagartos Iguanidae y proposiciones sistematicas respecto de los grupos aliados (Reptilia: Squamata). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, 40, 97 - 105." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Núñez &amp; Yáñez 1984b</bibRefCitation>
) as a member of the 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA0610868B9E8FFFA888AA0" authorityName="Koslowsky" authorityYear="1896" box="[1237,1351,992,1017]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA0610868B9E8FFFA888AA0" box="[1237,1351,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, tends to show substantial discordance among different studies (
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086FEEEF17FC638D78" box="[898,940,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086FD8EF17FB5A8D7B" author="Schulte" box="[948,1173,1032,1058]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schulte" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="408 - 420" refId="ref71740" refString="Schulte II, J. A., Losos, J. B., Cruz, F. B. &amp; Nunez, H. (2004) The relationship between morphology, escape behaviour and microhabitat occupation in the lizard clade Liolaemus (Iguanidae: Tropidurinae: Liolaemini). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 17, 408 - 420." type="journal article" year="2004">
Schulte 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086878EF17FB9F8D78" box="[1044,1104,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA0610868CEEF17FA588D7B" author="Espinoza" box="[1186,1431,1032,1058]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Espinoza" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="16819 - 16824" refId="ref59093" refString="Espinoza, R. E., Wiens, J. J. &amp; Tracy, C. R. (2004) Recurrent evolution of herbivory in small, cold-climate lizards: Breaking the ecophysiological rules or reptilian herbivory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 101, 16819 - 16824." type="journal article" year="2004">
Espinoza 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA06108697AEF17FA9E8D78" box="[1302,1361,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086CFBEF2FFEFB8D13" author="Abdala" box="[151,308,1072,1098]" firstAuthor="Abdala" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref50199" refString="Abdala, C. S. (2007) Phylogeny of the boulengeri group (Iguania: Liolaemidae, Liolaemus) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zootaxa, 1538, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="2007">Abdala 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FFA061086D28EF2FFD788D13" author="Pincheira-Donoso" box="[324,695,1072,1098]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pincheira-Donoso" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="25 - 42" refId="ref70157" refString="Pincheira-Donoso, D., Scolaro, J. A. &amp; Schulte II, J. A. (2007 a) The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile. Zootaxa, 1452, 25 - 42." type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">
Pincheira-Donoso 
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086E4EEF2FFDAF8D10" box="[546,608,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2007a
</bibRefCitation>
). More importantly, the phylogenetic relationships between a large number of 
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FFA061086D35EF47FDE18D2B" box="[345,558,1112,1138]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FFA061086D35EF47FE1C8D28" box="[345,467,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Liolaemus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
remain to be studied for the first time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>