335 lines
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335 lines
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<mods:title id="C09C033BF10671A2579A80C172BE56E1">Notes on Indian wolf spiders: II. Genus Hippasa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae Hippasinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A4DFB14BF13F0490A94260A3583EA106">SANKARAN, PRADEEP M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA089BCF523C7477DB38EC8F940A628A">CALEB, JOHN T. D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B487A7F459CE2C5DDBFF5ABA5DFE79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554971" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209011091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7554971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487A7F459CE2C5DDBFF5ABA5DFE79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487A7F459CE2C5DDBFF5ABA5DFE79" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<subSubSection id="C307653AF459CE2D5DDBFF5ABB75FF65" box="[151,547,151,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA236B1F459CE2D5DDBFF5ABB75FF65" blockId="20.[151,547,151,214]" box="[151,547,151,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<heading id="D0EA81DDF459CE2D5DDBFF5ABB75FF65" bold="true" box="[151,547,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F459CE2D5DDBFF5ABB75FF65" ID-CoL="3LZ3D" ID-ENA="330957" authority="Thorell, 1895" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,547,151,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmerae">
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<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5DDBFF5ABB75FF65" bold="true" box="[151,547,151,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5DDBFF5AB820FF66" bold="true" box="[151,374,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Hippasa holmerae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5C31FF5ABB75FF65" author="Thorell, T." box="[381,547,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refId="ref27880" refString="Thorell, T. (1895) Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 406 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17492" type="book" year="1895">Thorell, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307653AF459CE2D5DDBFF76B842FF01" box="[151,276,187,214]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA236B1F459CE2D5DDBFF76B842FF01" blockId="20.[151,547,151,214]" box="[151,276,187,214]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<figureCitation id="13262A34F459CE2D5DDBFF76B9BAFF02" box="[151,236,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,1018,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-301@20.[151,1437,1018,1894]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hippasa holmerae Thorell, 1895, genitalia of a topotype female specimen deposited in ZSI (NZC-ZSI 2393/17). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view. C labels from the bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554995/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Figs 15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13262A34F459CE2D5DB4FF76B842FF01" box="[248,276,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[237,1352,1129,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-54@46.[231,1357,1124,1959]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 38. Geographic distribution records of Hippasa holmerae Thorell, 1895 (dot) and Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924 (star) in India (Gravely 1924; Tikader & Malhotra 1980; Tikader & Biswas 1981; present data)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555059/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">38</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307653AF459CE2D5DDBFECDB809FEE2" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA236B1F459CE2D5DDBFECDB809FEE2" blockId="20.[151,1436,255,310]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D119FF459CE2D5DDBFECDB809FEE2" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10A0F459CE2D5DDBFECDBB4CFECC" author="Thorell, T." box="[151,538,255,280]" page="218" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1895">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F459CE2D5DDBFECDBB4CFECC" ID-CoL="3LZ3D" authority="Thorell, 1895: 218" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="218" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,538,255,280]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmerae">
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<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5DDBFECDB802FECC" box="[151,340,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Hippasa holmerae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5C17FECDBB4CFECC" author="Thorell, T." box="[347,538,255,280]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refId="ref27880" refString="Thorell, T. (1895) Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 406 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17492" type="book" year="1895">Thorell, 1895: 218</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(♂
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<specimenCount id="9D1BFD38F459CE2D5F71FECCBB19FECE" box="[573,591,257,282]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10A0F459CE2D5F29FECDBA71FEC3" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[613,807,255,280]" page="595" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5F29FECDBA71FEC3" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[613,807,255,280]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="587 - 613" refId="ref26522" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1924) Some Indian spiders of the family Lycosidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 26, 587 - 613. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 26 / i 6 / 1924 / 162654" type="journal article" year="1924">Gravely 1924: 595</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 1I (
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<specimenCount id="9D1BFD38F459CE2D5ECEFECDBAC4FECC" box="[898,914,256,280]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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) (for complete list of references, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5858FECDB805FEE2" author="World Spider Catalog" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refId="ref28211" refString="World Spider Catalog (2022) World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 26 November 2022) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2" type="book" year="2022">World Spider Catalog 2022</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307653AF459CE2D5DDBFEA8B8E1FD83" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA236B1F459CE2D5DDBFEA8BAAAFE13" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5DDBFEA8B81FFEAA" bold="true" box="[151,329,356,383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B753CECF459CE2D5C1FFEA8BAAEFE13" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4016385339" collectingDate="1895-09-21" country="Myanmar" location="Tharrawaddy" municipality="Illustrations" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<typeStatus id="54A68813F459CE2D5C1FFEA8B8ECFEAB" box="[339,442,357,383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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♂ and
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<specimenCount id="9D1BFD38F459CE2D5F5BFEA8BB7AFEAB" box="[535,556,357,383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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from
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<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5F34FEA9BA4FFEAA" bold="true" box="[632,793,356,382]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F459CE2D5F34FEA9BA42FEAA" box="[632,788,356,382]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">MYANMAR</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5E6FFEA9BAEDFEAA" box="[803,955,356,382]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<location id="8EC2606AF459CE2D5E6FFEA9BAEDFEAA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487A7F459CE2C5DDBFF5ABA5DFE79:8EC2606AF459CE2D5E6FFEA9BAEDFEAA" box="[803,955,356,382]" country="Myanmar" municipality="Illustrations" name="Tharrawaddy" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Tharrawaddy</location>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<date id="FFA31071F459CE2D5E82FEA8BDE4FEAB" box="[974,1202,356,383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" value="1895-09-21">
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<collectingDate id="EFE7E999F459CE2D5E82FEA8BDE4FEAB" box="[974,1202,356,383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" value="1895-09-21">21 September 1895</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, collector unknown, repository NHM (731-732), not examined.
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BC6ACCBF459CE2D5F3FFE45BBAFFE76" box="[627,761,392,418]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Illustrations</collectingMunicipality>
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based on the type of this species given in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D59F3FE45B98BFE13" author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra (1980</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 103–104) are diagnostic and can be used for comparative purpose
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA236B1F459CE2D5D8BFE1CB829FDDB" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5D8BFE1CBB7DFE3E" bold="true" box="[199,555,464,491]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Topotype material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B753CECF459CE2D5F79FE1DB82DFDDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4016385309" collectionCode="NZC-ZSI" country="Myanmar" location="Tharrawaddy" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" specimenCode="NZC-ZSI 2393" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
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<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5F79FE1DBB80FE3E" bold="true" box="[565,726,464,490]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F459CE2D5F79FE1DBB87FE3E" box="[565,721,464,490]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">MYANMAR</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5FADFE1DBA2FFE3E" box="[737,889,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
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<location id="8EC2606AF459CE2D5FADFE1DBA2FFE3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487A7F459CE2C5DDBFF5ABA5DFE79:8EC2606AF459CE2D5FADFE1DBA2FFE3E" box="[737,889,464,490]" country="Myanmar" name="Tharrawaddy" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Tharrawaddy</location>
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</emphasis>
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, date unknown, collector unknown: 1♂,
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<specimenCount id="9D1BFD38F459CE2D5816FE1CBCCAFE3F" box="[1370,1436,465,491]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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(
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<specimenCode id="DBBB9ECAF459CE2D5DD3FE38B819FDDB" box="[159,335,501,527]" collectionCode="NZC-ZSI" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">NZC-ZSI 2393</specimenCode>
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/17)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA236B1F459CE2D5D8BFDD5B8E1FD83" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5D8BFDD5B8AAFDE6" bold="true" box="[199,508,536,562]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Other material examined.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B753CECF459CE2D5F4FFDD5B8E5FD83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4016385307" collectionCode="NZC-ZSI" collectorName="J. C. Brown" country="China" location="Tengyuech" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" specimenCode="NZC-ZSI 5166" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5F4FFDD5BB3FFDE6" bold="true" box="[515,617,536,562]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F459CE2D5F4FFDD5BB33FDE6" box="[515,613,536,562]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5F3DFDD4BB92FDE6" box="[625,708,537,562]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49D9F853F459CE2D5F3DFDD4BB92FDE6" box="[625,708,537,562]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: between
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EC2606AF459CE2D5E7BFDD5BAE7FDE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487A7F459CE2C5DDBFF5ABA5DFE79:8EC2606AF459CE2D5E7BFDD5BAE7FDE6" box="[823,945,536,562]" country="China" name="Tengyuech" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" stateProvince="Yunnan">Tengyuech</location>
|
|||
|
|
and Nan Tien, 1909-1910,
|
|||
|
|
<collectorName id="26E85367F459CE2D59A9FDD4BC32FDE7" box="[1253,1380,537,563]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">J.C. Brown</collectorName>
|
|||
|
|
leg.:
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D1BFD38F459CE2D5DDBFDF0B997FD83" box="[151,193,573,599]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="DBBB9ECAF459CE2D5D9CFDF0B829FD83" box="[208,383,572,599]" collectionCode="NZC-ZSI" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">NZC-ZSI 5166</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
/H2)
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C307653AF459CE2D5D8BFDADB81BFC87" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA236B1F459CE2D5D8BFDADB81BFC87" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5D8BFDADB814FDAE" bold="true" box="[199,322,608,634]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F459CE2D5C00FDACBB76FDAE" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1895" box="[332,544,608,634]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmerae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5C00FDACBB76FDAE" box="[332,544,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Hippasa holmerae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are most similar to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F459CE2D5E58FDACBA98FDAE" authorityName="Yin & Wang" authorityYear="1980" box="[788,974,608,634]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingxianensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5E58FDACBA98FDAE" box="[788,974,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">H. lingxianensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as both share a tegular apophysis with straight anterior and mesal arms in ventral view, hook-shaped embolus, epigynal median plate with a scape and short spermathecal stalks, but males of the former can be separated from the latter by closely spaced anterior and mesal arms of tegular apophysis (vs. widely spaced in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F459CE2D5E5CFD00BA9FFD32" authorityName="Yin & Wang" authorityYear="1980" box="[784,969,716,742]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingxianensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5E5CFD00BA9FFD32" box="[784,969,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">H. lingxianensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and broad conductor (vs. narrow in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F459CE2D58CDFD00B87DFCDE" authorityName="Yin & Wang" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingxianensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D58CDFD00B87DFCDE" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">H. lingxianensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and females by the scape without lobes (vs. bilobed in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F459CE2D5ED1FD3CBD02FCDE" authorityName="Yin & Wang" authorityYear="1980" box="[925,1108,752,778]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingxianensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5ED1FD3CBD02FCDE" box="[925,1108,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">H. lingxianensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and oval spermathecae (vs. spherical in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F459CE2D5C6EFCD8B88CFCFA" authorityName="Yin & Wang" authorityYear="1980" box="[290,474,788,814]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingxianensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5C6EFCD8B88CFCFA" box="[290,474,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">H. lingxianensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, compare
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5F1DFCD8BA41FCFB" author="Wang, L. Y. & Li, Z. X. & Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[593,791,788,815]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="231 - 244" refId="ref28050" refString="Wang, L. Y., Li, Z. X., Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S. (2015) Redescription of three Hippasa species from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with a proposed species group-division and diagnosis. Zootaxa, 3974 (2), 231 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3974.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Wang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5FD6FCD8BB85FCFA" box="[666,723,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: figs 3A, C–D, 4C, F–G with
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5923FCD8BC63FCFB" author="Wang, L. Y. & Li, Z. X. & Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[1135,1333,788,815]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="231 - 244" refId="ref28050" refString="Wang, L. Y., Li, Z. X., Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S. (2015) Redescription of three Hippasa species from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with a proposed species group-division and diagnosis. Zootaxa, 3974 (2), 231 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3974.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Wang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D59FBFCD8BDA7FCFA" box="[1207,1265,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: figs 5A, C–D, 6D, F–G).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C307653AF459CE2D5D8BFC91BA28FC37" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA236B1F459CE2D5D8BFC91BA28FC37" blockId="20.[151,1437,356,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5D8BFC91B837FCA2" bold="true" box="[199,353,860,886]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F459CE2D5C2BFC91B8BBFCA2" box="[359,493,860,886]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F459CE2D5CB4FC91BB68FCA2" box="[504,574,860,886]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">China</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F459CE2D5F05FC90BBEEFCA3" box="[585,696,861,887]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F459CE2D5F8EFC91BA15FCA2" box="[706,835,860,886]" name="Philippines" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F459CE2D5E02FC91BA94FCA2" box="[846,962,860,886]" name="Singapore" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F459CE2D5E81FC91BD49FCA2" box="[973,1055,860,886]" name="Taiwan" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F459CE2D5919FC91BDC5FCA2" box="[1109,1171,860,886]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">India</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49D9F853F459CE2D59D2FC91BC56FCA2" box="[1182,1280,860,886]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Manipur</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49D9F853F459CE2D5847FC91BCCEFCA2" box="[1291,1432,860,886]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49D9F853F459CE2D5DDBFC4CB870FC4E" box="[151,294,896,923]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5C7AFC4DB89BFC4F" author="Thorell, T." box="[310,461,896,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refId="ref27880" refString="Thorell, T. (1895) Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 406 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17492" type="book" year="1895">Thorell 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5C96FC4DBB2EFC4F" author="Gravely, F. H." box="[474,632,896,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="587 - 613" refId="ref26522" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1924) Some Indian spiders of the family Lycosidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 26, 587 - 613. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 26 / i 6 / 1924 / 162654" type="journal article" year="1924">Gravely 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5FC9FC4DBBB7FC4E" author="Li, C. L." box="[645,737,896,922]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="41 - 42" refId="ref26823" refString="Li, C. L. (1966) Web making lycosid spider Hippasa agelenoides Simon from Taiwan (Formosa). Atypus, 41 - 42." type="book chapter" year="1966">Li 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5FA1FC4DBAE9FC4F" author="Yin, C. M. & Wang, J. F." box="[749,959,896,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="55 - 60" refId="ref28258" refString="Yin, C. M. & Wang, J. F. (1980) Descriptions of three new species of Hippasa (Araneae, Lycosidae) from China. Journal of Hunan Teachers College, Natural Science Edition, 1980, 55 - 60." type="journal article" year="1980">Yin & Wang 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5E80FC4DBD33FC4F" author="Barrion, A. T." box="[972,1125,896,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref25670" refString="Barrion, A. T. (1981) A new species of Hippasa Simon (Araneae: Lycosidae) from the Philippines. Philippine Entomologist, 5, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1981">Barrion 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D593DFC4DBCC1FC4F" author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." box="[1137,1431,896,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5DDBFC69B8FEFC6B" author="Tikader, B. K. & Biswas, B." box="[151,424,932,959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref27978" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Biswas, B. (1981) Spider fauna of Calcutta and vicinity: Part-I. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper, 30, 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1981">Tikader & Biswas 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5CFAFC68BB4DFC6B" author="Hu, J. L." box="[438,539,933,959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refId="ref26573" refString="Hu, J. L. (1984) The Chinese spiders collected from the fields and the forests. Tianjin Science and Technology Press, Tianjn, 482 pp." type="book" year="1984">Hu 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5F64FC69BA56FC6B" author="Okuma, C. & Kamal, N. Q. & Hirashima, Y. & Alam, M. Z. & Ogata, K." box="[552,768,932,959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref26957" refString="Okuma, C., Kamal, N. Q., Hirashima, Y., Alam, M. Z. & Ogata, K. (1993) Illustrated Monograph of the Rice Field Spiders of Bangladesh. Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture (Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh). Japan International Cooperation Agency Project Publication, 1, 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
|||
|
|
Okuma
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5FCFFC68BBEBFC6A" box="[643,701,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1993
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5E41FC69BD64FC6B" author="Barrion, A. T. & Litsinger, J. A." box="[781,1074,932,959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refId="ref25767" refString="Barrion, A. T. & Litsinger, J. A. (1995) Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International, Wallingford, xix + 700 pp." type="book" year="1995">Barrion & Litsinger 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5973FC69BCC1FC6B" author="Biswas, V. & Raychaudhuri, D." box="[1087,1431,932,959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="240 - 246" refId="ref25975" refString="Biswas, V. & Raychaudhuri, D. (2007) New record of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) of the genus Hippasa Simon from Bangladesh. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 104, 240 - 246." type="journal article" year="2007">Biswas & Raychaudhuri 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5DDBFC05B838FC37" author="Barrion, A. T. & Barrion-Dupo, A. L. A. & Catindig, J. L. A. & Villareal, M. O. & Cai, D. & Yuan, Q. H. & Heong, K. L." box="[151,366,968,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref25801" refString="Barrion, A. T., Barrion-Dupo, A. L. A., Catindig, J. L. A., Villareal, M. O., Cai, D., Yuan, Q. H. & Heong, K. L. (2013) New species of spiders (Araneae) from Hainan Island, China. UPLB Museum Publications in Natural History, 3, 1 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 269136" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|||
|
|
Barrion
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5DB8FC04B87AFC36" box="[244,300,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2013
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5C35FC04BB6DFC37" author="Wang, L. Y. & Li, Z. X. & Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[377,571,968,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="231 - 244" refId="ref28050" refString="Wang, L. Y., Li, Z. X., Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S. (2015) Redescription of three Hippasa species from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with a proposed species group-division and diagnosis. Zootaxa, 3974 (2), 231 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3974.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Wang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5C8DFC04B8AFFC36" box="[449,505,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5F0AFC04BA53FC37" author="Wang, L. Y. & Lu, T. & Cai, D. C. & Barrion, A. T. & Heong, K. L. & Li, S. Q. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[582,773,968,995]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" pagination="16 - 74" refId="ref28124" refString="Wang, L. Y., Lu, T., Cai, D. C., Barrion, A. T., Heong, K. L., Li, S. Q. & Zhang, Z. S. (2021). Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Systematics, 46, 16 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11865 / zs. 2021102" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|||
|
|
Wang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5FC1FC04BB90FC36" box="[653,710,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2021
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13262A34F459CE2D5E51FC05BA27FC37" box="[797,881,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[237,1352,1129,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-54@46.[231,1357,1124,1959]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 38. Geographic distribution records of Hippasa holmerae Thorell, 1895 (dot) and Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924 (star) in India (Gravely 1924; Tikader & Malhotra 1980; Tikader & Biswas 1981; present data)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7555059/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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).
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF626639F459CE2D5DDBF8B3BD27F86D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7554995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554995/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" startId="20.[151,250,1918,1942]" targetBox="[152,1437,1018,1894]" targetPageId="20">
|
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<paragraph id="8BA236B1F459CE2D5DDBF8B3BD27F86D" blockId="20.[151,1437,1918,1978]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">
|
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|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5DDBF8B3B876F842" bold="true" box="[151,288,1918,1942]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F459CE2D5C6AF8B3BB23F842" authority="Thorell, 1895" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1895" box="[294,629,1918,1942]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmerae">
|
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<emphasis id="B969EAA3F459CE2D5C6AF8B3B8B5F842" box="[294,483,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="121">Hippasa holmerae</emphasis>
|
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F459CE2D5CA5F8B3BB23F842" author="Thorell, T." box="[489,629,1918,1942]" pageId="20" pageNumber="121" refId="ref27880" refString="Thorell, T. (1895) Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma, based upon the collection made by Eugene W. Oates and preserved in the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 406 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 17492" type="book" year="1895">Thorell, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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, genitalia of a topotype female specimen deposited in ZSI (NZC-ZSI 2393/17). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view. C labels from the bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
|
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|
<subSubSection id="C307653AF458CE2C5D8BFF5ABA5DFE79" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="discussion">
|
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|
|
<paragraph id="8BA236B1F458CE2C5D8BFF5ABA5DFE79" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F458CE2C5D8BFF5AB86DFF65" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
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|
All the above-mentioned material is badly dried off. The specimens were compared with the
|
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|
<typeStatus id="54A68813F458CE2C5820FF5ABCCAFF65" box="[1388,1436,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">type</typeStatus>
|
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|
of
|
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F458CE2C5DFBFF76B813FF01" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1895" box="[183,325,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmerae">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F458CE2C5DFBFF76B813FF01" box="[183,325,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">H. holmerae</emphasis>
|
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
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|
and studied by
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F458CE2C5CB1FF76BA61FF01" author="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S." box="[509,823,187,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" pagination="248 - 447" refId="ref28018" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Malhotra, M. S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India, Araneae, 1, 248 - 447." type="journal article" year="1980">Tikader & Malhotra (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
. In addition to these, the NZC-ZSI collection has one more glass bottle containing a lot of male and female specimens of unknown locality, with no additional collecting information, and all badly dried off. The specimen illustrated in
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F458CE2C5ECCFECEBD0FFEC9" author="Wang, L. Y. & Li, Z. X. & Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[896,1113,258,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" pagination="231 - 244" refId="ref28050" refString="Wang, L. Y., Li, Z. X., Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S. (2015) Redescription of three Hippasa species from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with a proposed species group-division and diagnosis. Zootaxa, 3974 (2), 231 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3974.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Wang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F458CE2C5E86FECEBD53FEC9" box="[970,1029,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2015)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F458CE2C59D8FECEBC3BFEC9" author="Wang, L. Y. & Lu, T. & Cai, D. C. & Barrion, A. T. & Heong, K. L. & Li, S. Q. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[1172,1389,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" pagination="16 - 74" refId="ref28124" refString="Wang, L. Y., Lu, T., Cai, D. C., Barrion, A. T., Heong, K. L., Li, S. Q. & Zhang, Z. S. (2021). Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Systematics, 46, 16 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11865 / zs. 2021102" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|||
|
|
Wang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F458CE2C5992FECEBC4FFEC9" box="[1246,1305,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2021)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
has short scape of the epigyne, which is very long in the topotype material examined here (compare
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13262A34F458CE2C5991FEEABC35FE95" box="[1245,1379,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,1018,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-301@20.[151,1437,1018,1894]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hippasa holmerae Thorell, 1895, genitalia of a topotype female specimen deposited in ZSI (NZC-ZSI 2393/17). A epigyne, ventral view. B vulva, dorsal view. C labels from the bottle. Scale bars: A–B, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7554995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7554995/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Fig. 15A–B</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
with
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F458CE2C5DDBFE86B80CFEB1" author="Wang, L. Y. & Li, Z. X. & Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[151,346,330,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" pagination="231 - 244" refId="ref28050" refString="Wang, L. Y., Li, Z. X., Zhou, K. X. & Zhang, Z. S. (2015) Redescription of three Hippasa species from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with a proposed species group-division and diagnosis. Zootaxa, 3974 (2), 231 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3974.2.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Wang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F458CE2C5D93FE86B84EFEB1" box="[223,280,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2015
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 4F–G;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F458CE2C5CADFE86BBF2FEB1" author="Wang, L. Y. & Lu, T. & Cai, D. C. & Barrion, A. T. & Heong, K. L. & Li, S. Q. & Zhang, Z. S." box="[481,676,331,357]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" pagination="16 - 74" refId="ref28124" refString="Wang, L. Y., Lu, T., Cai, D. C., Barrion, A. T., Heong, K. L., Li, S. Q. & Zhang, Z. S. (2021). Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Systematics, 46, 16 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11865 / zs. 2021102" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
|||
|
|
Wang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F458CE2C5F65FE86BB37FEB1" box="[553,609,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2021
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 23G–H). The record of this species from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F458CE2C59E7FE86BC4FFEB1" box="[1195,1305,331,357]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B40F458CE2C5864FE86B86BFE5D" author="Barrion, A. T. & Litsinger, J. A." pageId="21" pageNumber="122" refId="ref25767" refString="Barrion, A. T. & Litsinger, J. A. (1995) Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International, Wallingford, xix + 700 pp." type="book" year="1995">Barrion & Litsinger 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) is questionable as there is no mention of the whereabouts of the material from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30A7621F458CE2C598EFEA2BC66FE5D" box="[1218,1328,367,393]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
in any of the available literature reference related to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D32F458CE2C5F34FE5EBA52FE79" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1895" box="[632,772,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Hippasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmerae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B969EAA3F458CE2C5F34FE5EBA52FE79" box="[632,772,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">H. holmerae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|