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<document id="25E56BC3C45253885754BEC1D1F10075" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="baf72361-318d-4e86-8383-07100e2c6953" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210729" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460501557921" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Greenfield, David W." docDate="2012" docId="9E26495EFF90FFB8D7A9432F3E27BC4A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03400p063.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3400" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Austrobatrachus iselesele Greenfield, 2012, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="621F3126FF91FFBDD73E42323C39BF3C" masterDocTitle="Austrobatrachus iselesele, a new toadfish species from South Africa (Teleostei: Batrachoididae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="58" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1698311906145" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D672DB6FDB70CC2F64EC0AE2AA186517">Austrobatrachus iselesele, a new toadfish species from South Africa (Teleostei: Batrachoididae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:role id="5AC1B70667F117D77F9EF4DC8BFD0C72">
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<mods:namePart id="363A0E6D5C36C2830A3C515965325736">Greenfield, David W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8BB12CADDFE3B06E5415E12D79670032">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8D8463082CBFDD9D0732E92A785A2F3C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="673D188C2E0ADF4C9069774F6A56984A">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="425DCE5442D1248F0B4C1A0337CB6BF3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9FB70B64AD7483BB95C703AC024FA316">3400</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3CE535ACA4E835B7E3427A1796429B27">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D94B2F5556BBA2D4D2B2FE132C93B036" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.210729</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9E26495EFF90FFB8D7A9432F3E27BC4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6174253" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119521472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6174253" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:42F7154D-557A-45D5-B4E9-51418E03C598" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E26495EFF90FFB8D7A9432F3E27BC4A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<subSubSection id="5E95ABC3FF90FFBCD7A9432F3D2BBE40" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF90FFBCD7A9432F3E2CBE0B" blockId="1.[151,533,285,380]" box="[151,533,285,311]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<heading id="4D784F24FF90FFBCD7A9432F3E2CBE0B" bold="true" box="[151,533,285,311]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" reason="1">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF90FFBCD7A9432F3E2CBE0B" bold="true" box="[151,533,285,311]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF90FFBCD7A9432F3DF2BE0B" ID-CoL="JVQ3" box="[151,459,285,311]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF90FFBCD7A9432F3DF2BE0B" bold="true" box="[151,459,285,311]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Austrobatrachus iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FC89921FF90FFBCD6ED432F3E2CBE0B" box="[467,533,285,311]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF90FFBCD7A9430D3D14BE6B" blockId="1.[151,533,285,380]" box="[151,301,319,343]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Zulu toadfish</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF90FFBCD7A943563D2BBE40" blockId="1.[151,533,285,380]" box="[151,274,356,380]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
(
<figureCitation id="8EB4E4CDFF90FFBCD7A143563D31BE40" box="[159,264,356,380]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,2008,2031]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,246,1117,1140]" captionStartId-2="2.[151,250,1984,2007]" captionStartId-3="3.[151,250,806,829]" captionStartId-4="3.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1408,1588,1983]" captionTargetBox-1="[445,1146,193,1104]" captionTargetBox-2="[229,1358,1189,1963]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,181,800]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,929,1716]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[179,1409,1588,1985]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[445,1147,193,1105]" captionTargetId-2="figure@2.[229,1358,1189,1963]" captionTargetId-3="figure@3.[151,1436,181,802]" captionTargetId-4="figure@3.[151,1436,861,1716]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionTargetPageId-3="3" captionTargetPageId-4="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Freshly collected holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele. Photograph by A. Connell." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Dorsal view of head of preserved holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele showing ridges. Photograph by D. W. Greenfield." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Pectoral-fin axil of freshly collected holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele showing axillary foramen. Photograph by A. Connell." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Anal fin of freshly collected holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele. Photograph by A. Connell." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Second dorsal fin of freshly collected holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele. Photograph by A. Connell." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/210730/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/210731/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/210732/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/210733/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/210734/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E95ABC3FF90FFBCD7A9439E3925BD4B" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF90FFBCD7A9439E3E7CBEDB" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,1532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF90FFBCD7A9439E3D32BEF8" bold="true" box="[151,267,428,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus id="C93446EAFF90FFBCD7A9439E3D3FBEF8" box="[151,262,428,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="709E608DFF90FFBCD62D439E3D5EBEF8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" box="[275,359,428,452]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">SAIAB</collectionCode>
<quantity id="D17755ADFF90FFBCD651439E3E00BEF8" box="[367,569,428,452]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.92192124" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="9.92192124E7">99219, 212.4 mm</quantity>
, Park Rynie, KwaZulu-Natal,
<collectingCountry id="6E98B8D8FF90FFBCD4AC439E381FBEF8" box="[914,1062,428,452]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="73BB9E8FFF90FFBCD3F8439E3977BEF8" box="[1222,1358,428,452]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" precision="15" value="30.767778">30°46’04”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="D17755ADFF90FFBCD265439E39AEBEF8" box="[1371,1431,428,452]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
, reef, gaff, A. Connell,
<date id="6231DE88FF90FFBCD6AA43FD3E7BBEDB" box="[404,578,463,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" value="2011-03-15">15 March 2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF90FFBCD7F943C63F47BD68" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,1532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF90FFBCD7F943C63D7FBD30" bold="true" box="[199,326,500,524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus id="C93446EAFF90FFBCD7F943C63D78BD30" box="[199,321,500,524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="709E608DFF90FFBCD67243C63D99BD30" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" box="[332,416,500,524]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">SAIAB</collectionCode>
<quantity id="D17755ADFF90FFBCD69843C63E54BD30" box="[422,621,500,524]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.92181814" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="9.92181814E7">99218, 181.4 mm</quantity>
, Park Rynie, KwaZulu-Natal,
<collectingCountry id="6E98B8D8FF90FFBCD48043C63868BD30" box="[958,1105,500,524]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="73BB9E8FFF90FFBCD3D343C6394FBD30" box="[1261,1398,500,524]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" precision="15" value="30.329723">30°19’47”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="D17755ADFF90FFBCD2BE43C63C96BD0C" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="49.0">49 m</quantity>
, reef, gaff, A. Connell,
<date id="6231DE88FF90FFBCD6F840253E55BD13" box="[454,620,535,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" value="2011-04-26">26 April 2011</date>
.
<collectionCode id="709E608DFF90FFBCD54640253EF5BD13" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" box="[632,716,535,559]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">SAIAB</collectionCode>
<quantity id="D17755ADFF90FFBCD5E840253F9DBD0C" box="[726,932,535,560]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.866419209999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="9.86641921E7">98664, 192.1 mm</quantity>
, Park Rynie, KwaZulu-Natal,
<collectingCountry id="6E98B8D8FF90FFBCD23D402539A0BD13" box="[1283,1433,535,559]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73BB9E8FFF90FFBCD7A9400E3CCCBD68" box="[151,245,572,596]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="-30.283333">30°17’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73BB9E8FFF90FFBCD63F400E3D59BD68" box="[257,352,572,596]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="30.833334">30°50’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="D17755ADFF90FFBCD652400E3D9EBD68" box="[364,423,572,596]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="49.0">49 m</quantity>
, reef, gaff, A. Connell,
<date id="6231DE88FF90FFBCD58E400E3F40BD68" box="[688,889,572,596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" value="2011-02-19">19 February 2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF90FFBCD7F9406D3925BD4B" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,1532]" box="[199,1308,607,632]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF90FFBCD7F9406D3DC5BD44" bold="true" box="[199,508,607,632]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF90FFBCD53D40523F35BD44" box="[515,780,608,632]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foedus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF90FFBCD53D40523F35BD44" box="[515,780,608,632]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Austrobatrachus foedus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<collectionCode id="709E608DFF90FFBCD42A406D3F53BD4B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" box="[788,874,607,631]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">SAIAB</collectionCode>
26224,
<collectionCode id="709E608DFF90FFBCD4FB406D3820BD4B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" box="[965,1049,607,631]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">SAIAB</collectionCode>
12748,
<collectionCode id="709E608DFF90FFBCD34D406D38FEBD4B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" box="[1139,1223,607,631]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">SAIAB</collectionCode>
12744.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E95ABC3FF90FFBCD7F940B13D6BBC34" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF90FFBCD7F940B13D6BBC34" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,1532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF90FFBCD7F940B13D03BDA0" bold="true" box="[199,314,643,668]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. A species with a foramen at the top of the pectoral-fin axil, no tentacles over the eye, and fine lines and ridges on the snout, interorbital area, and on top of the head posterior to the orbit (true for the genus). Body with distinct black spots on sides and pectoral-fin base. Snout 5.0 % SL or greater, eye into caudal-peduncle depth 0.86–1.10 times.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E95ABC3FF90FFB9D7F941213F2ABE9F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF90FFBCD7F941213D9ABB4C" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,1532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF90FFBCD7F941213D60BC10" bold="true" box="[199,345,787,812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Description.</emphasis>
Dorsal-fin elements
<date id="6231DE88FF90FFBCD57841263EB1BC10" box="[582,648,788,812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" value="1921-03">III-21</date>
(21–23); anal-fin rays 18 (15–18); pectoral-fin rays 21 (20–21); head length 36.5 (32.5–37.5, 34.8); head width 34.6 (31.7–35.3, 33.9); head depth 20.9 (20.9–22.7, 21.8); bony interorbital width 4.7 (4.7–4.8, 4.7); fleshy interorbital width 5.8 (5.6–6.2, 5.9); orbit diameter 7.7 (7.7–10.1, 8.8); snout length 6.1 (5.1–6.1, 5.6); upper jaw length 17.1 (17.1–18.6, 18.0); mouth width at rictus 19.0 (19.0–21.3, 20.1); first predorsal-fin distance 34.6 (34.6–35.3, 34.9); second predorsal-fin distance 44.4 (44.4–47.5, 45.9); preanal-fin distance 59.2 (59.2–60.2, 59.6); greatest body depth 20.0 (20.0–22.3, 21.3); caudal-peduncle depth 8.3 (8.3–8.7, 8.5); caudal-peduncle length 9.1 (8.3–9.1, 8.8); first dorsal-fin base length 7.7 (7.7–9.1, 8.6); second dorsal-fin base length 46.9 (46.9–48.9, 47.9); anal-fin base length 33.9 (31.7–33.9, 32.5); caudal-fin length 21.8 (21.7–21.9, 21.8); pectoral-fin length 19.6 (18.5–20.9, 19.7); pelvic-fin length 21.9 (21.9–31.8, 26.6); distance between pelvic-fin bases 9.0 (7.6–9.7, 8.8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF90FFBCD7F9464E3FEFBAC0" blockId="1.[151,1437,428,1532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
Head moderately depressed and of moderate width, eyes large and slightly raised above head profile and lacking tentacles, interorbital area almost flat. Snout and interorbital area crossed by numerous small ridges giving it a wrinkled appearance. The area behind the eyes also with these small ridges, but they are curved back becoming parallel to the body onto the nape forming a horseshoe shape (
<figureCitation id="8EB4E4CDFF90FFBCD46946DA3FA4BA3C" box="[855,925,1256,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,246,1117,1140]" captionTargetBox="[445,1146,193,1104]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[445,1147,193,1105]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal view of head of preserved holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele showing ridges. Photograph by D. W. Greenfield." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210731/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Posterior nostril adjacent to eye and hidden in ridges. Anterior nostril just above upper jaw, consisting of tube with a multifid fringe at the end and the opening at the side of the base. A funnel-shaped pit at top of pectoral-fin axil, with glandular tissue inside and extending from ventral pit margin into the axil and onto the side under the pectoral fin, giving the area a very wrinkled appearance (
<figureCitation id="8EB4E4CDFF90FFBCD61A474A3D51BAAC" box="[292,360,1400,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1984,2007]" captionTargetBox="[229,1358,1189,1963]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[229,1358,1189,1963]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pectoral-fin axil of freshly collected holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele showing axillary foramen. Photograph by A. Connell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210732/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). No scales. Two lateral lines. The upper line begins above the opercular spine, curves up to the second dorsal fin and extends along its base to its end. The lower line begins under the pectoral fin and extends back along the anal fin to the caudal peduncle. A single row of pointed teeth in the upper jaw. The sides of the lower jaw with a single row of teeth and a patch of teeth at the symphysis.
</paragraph>
<caption id="42F0A8C0FF90FFBCD7A945EA3850B8D2" box="[151,1129,2008,2031]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210730/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[190,1408,1588,1983]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF90FFBCD7A945EA3850B8D2" blockId="1.[151,1129,2008,2031]" box="[151,1129,2008,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF90FFBCD7A945EA3D2AB8D2" bold="true" box="[151,275,2008,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Freshly collected holotype of
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF90FFBCD57945EA3F72B8D2" box="[583,843,2008,2030]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF90FFBCD57945EA3F72B8D2" box="[583,843,2008,2030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="59">Austrobatrachus iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Photograph by A. Connell.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="42F0A8C0FF93FFBFD7A9466F39A7BB4F" box="[151,1438,1117,1140]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210731/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[445,1146,193,1104]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF93FFBFD7A9466F39A7BB4F" blockId="2.[151,1438,1117,1140]" box="[151,1438,1117,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF93FFBFD7A9466F3D37BB4F" bold="true" box="[151,270,1117,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of head of preserved holotype of
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF93FFBFD5F5466C3FFBBB48" box="[715,962,1118,1140]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF93FFBFD5F5466C3FFBBB48" box="[715,962,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Austrobatrachus iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing ridges. Photograph by D.W. Greenfield.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="42F0A8C0FF93FFBFD7A945F23D14B8C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210732/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[229,1358,1189,1963]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF93FFBFD7A945F23D14B8C9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1984,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF93FFBFD7A945F23D2AB8EA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1984,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Pectoral-fin axil of freshly collected holotype of
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF93FFBFD43445F23836B8EA" box="[778,1039,1984,2006]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF93FFBFD43445F23836B8EA" box="[778,1039,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="60">Austrobatrachus iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing axillary foramen. Photograph by A. Connell.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="42F0A8C0FF92FFBED7A9411438E1BC00" box="[151,1240,806,829]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210733/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[151,1435,181,800]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF92FFBED7A9411438E1BC00" blockId="3.[151,1240,806,829]" box="[151,1240,806,829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF92FFBED7A941143D2ABC07" bold="true" box="[151,275,806,829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Anal fin of freshly collected holotype of
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF92FFBED58941143F82BC00" box="[695,955,806,828]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF92FFBED58941143F82BC00" box="[695,955,806,828]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Austrobatrachus iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Photograph by A. Connell.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="42F0A8C0FF92FFBED7A944FB390FB9E3" box="[151,1334,1737,1760]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210734/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[151,1435,929,1716]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF92FFBED7A944FB390FB9E3" blockId="3.[151,1334,1737,1760]" box="[151,1334,1737,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF92FFBED7A944FB3D2BB9E3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1737,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Second dorsal fin of freshly collected holotype of
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF92FFBED42A44FB3820B9E3" box="[788,1049,1737,1759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF92FFBED42A44FB3820B9E3" box="[788,1049,1737,1759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Austrobatrachus iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Photograph by A. Connell.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF92FFBED7F9453439A2B8D3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1798,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF92FFBED7F945343E59B823" bold="true" box="[199,608,1798,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
Color of freshly collected
<typeStatus id="C93446EAFF92FFBED6C745353E59B823" box="[505,608,1799,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8EB4E4CDFF92FFBED55145353E96B823" box="[623,687,1799,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,2008,2031]" captionTargetBox="[190,1408,1588,1983]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[179,1409,1588,1985]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Freshly collected holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele. Photograph by A. Connell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210730/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) Background color of head and body brown with a greenish tinge, overlaid with small dark brown to black spots on sides and dorsum up to first dorsal fin. Small dark spots also present on pectoral-fin base. Side of head a darker brown and lacking spots. Snout and jaws dark brown, pupil and iris of eye dark brown to black. Bottom of mouth white, overlaid with yellow. Dorsum from front of second dorsal fin forward onto nape lighter with a yellowish tinge. Underside of head and abdomen white. White spots of ventral lateral line pores visible on side of abdomen. Pelvic fin with white anterior edge along spine, followed by a black line and greenish-tan color on rays and membranes. Anal fin light tan on basal half, distal portion greenish-tan (
<figureCitation id="8EB4E4CDFF92FFBED27745E539B7B8D3" box="[1353,1422,2007,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,250,806,829]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,800]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,802]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anal fin of freshly collected holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele. Photograph by A. Connell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210733/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF95FFB9D7A942A53F2CBE2B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
First dorsal fin with a yellowish tinge similar to color of nape. Second dorsal fin yellow-orange with dark brown spots along its base (
<figureCitation id="8EB4E4CDFF95FFB9D6BF42883DFFBFEE" box="[385,454,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,929,1716]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,861,1716]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 5. Second dorsal fin of freshly collected holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele. Photograph by A. Connell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210734/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Caudal fin with dark brown spots, similar to those on the body on its base, remainder of the fin greenish tan. Inside of pectoral-fin axil white with yellow at the center, reticulations of gland obvious (
<figureCitation id="8EB4E4CDFF95FFB9D7A142CD3CDDBE2B" box="[159,228,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1984,2007]" captionTargetBox="[229,1358,1189,1963]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[229,1358,1189,1963]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pectoral-fin axil of freshly collected holotype of Austrobatrachus iselesele showing axillary foramen. Photograph by A. Connell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210732/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). A single dark spot on upper part of inside of fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF95FFB9D7F943103F2ABE9F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D7F943103E2BBE07" bold="true" box="[199,530,290,315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
Color of preserved
<typeStatus id="C93446EAFF95FFB9D69543113E2BBE07" box="[427,530,291,315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. Background color of head and body dark gray with few of the dark spots present in fresh specimens obvious in the
<typeStatus id="C93446EAFF95FFB9D51843773EB1BE61" box="[550,648,325,349]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(spots more obvious in
<typeStatus id="C93446EAFF95FFB9D49B4377382FBE61" box="[933,1046,325,349]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
). Dark spots on pectoral-fin base, which is lighter, obvious, as are those on the caudal-fin base. Dorsal and caudal fins dark gray. Basal portion of anal fin cream, and distal portion gray. Pectoral fin light gray.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E95ABC3FF95FFB9D7F9439F382FBEF9" box="[199,1046,429,454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF95FFB9D7F9439F382FBEF9" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,731]" box="[199,1046,429,454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D7F9439F3D59BEFA" bold="true" box="[199,352,429,454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from Park Rynie, KwaZulu-Natal,
<collectingCountry id="6E98B8D8FF95FFB9D440439F382ABEF9" box="[894,1043,429,453]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E95ABC3FF95FFB8D7F943E23F2EBE43" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF95FFB9D7F943E23F57BD36" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D7F943E23D77BED4" bold="true" box="[199,334,464,488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet,
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF95FFB9D57B43E23E9DBED4" box="[581,676,464,488]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D57B43E23E9DBED4" box="[581,676,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is isiZulu for toad, referring to the common name of the fishes in the family
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF95FFB9D62E43C03D84BD36" box="[272,445,498,522]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Batrachoididae</taxonomicName>
, and is treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF95FFB9D7F9402739B7BDE7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D7F940273D55BD12" bold="true" box="[199,364,533,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Comparisons.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF95FFB9D6CD40273E94BD11" box="[499,685,533,557]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D6CD40273E94BD11" box="[499,685,533,557]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Austrobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described for
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF95FFB9D4BB40273915BD11" authority="Smith, 1947" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1947" box="[901,1324,533,557]" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Pseudobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foedus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D4BB402738A0BD11" box="[901,1177,533,557]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Pseudobatrachus foedus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="721E85B9FF95FFB9D39C40273915BD11" author="Smith" box="[1186,1324,533,557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1947) New species and new records of fishes from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 13 (108), 793 - 821 [1946]." type="journal article" year="1947">Smith, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="721E85B9FF95FFB9D26740273CDDBD73" author="Smith" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1949) The sea fishes of southern Africa. Central News Agency, Ltd., Cape Town, 550 pp." type="book" year="1949">Smith (1949)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="721E85B9FF95FFB9D7CD40053DB3BD73" author="Smith" box="[243,394,567,591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1952) The fishes of the family Batrachoididae from South and East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 313 - 339." type="journal article" year="1952">Smith (1952)</bibRefCitation>
recognized this as a monotypic genus, commenting that it is “Easily recognizable among South African forms by the peculiar transverse wrinkling on the front of the head.” Menon (1963) utilized the genus
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF95FFB9D7DF404F3DA2BDA9" box="[225,411,637,661]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D7DF404F3DA2BDA9" box="[225,411,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Austrobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF95FFB9D6F2404F3F66BDA9" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[460,863,637,661]" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Batrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dussumieri">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D6F2404F3EFBBDA9" box="[460,706,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Batrachus dussumieri</emphasis>
Valenciennes
</taxonomicName>
from Malabar,
<collectingCountry id="6E98B8D8FF95FFB9D32F404F3874BDA9" box="[1041,1101,637,661]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">India</collectingCountry>
, as did
<bibRefCitation id="721E85B9FF95FFB9D399404F3976BDA9" author="Hutchins" box="[1191,1359,637,661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refString="Hutchins, J. B. (1981) Nomenclatural status of the toadfishes of India. Copeia, 1981 (2), 336 - 341." type="journal article" year="1981">Hutchins 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="721E85B9FF95FFB9D262404F39AEBDA9" author="Hutchins" box="[1372,1431,637,661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refString="Hutchins, J. B. (1984) Batrachoididae. In, W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishin Area 51). Vol. I. FAO, Rome. (4 pages, not numbered)" type="book" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="721E85B9FF95FFB9D7A940AD3D09BD8B" author="Randall" box="[151,304,671,695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refString="Randall, J. E. (1995) Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawai,i Press, Honolulu. 389 pp" type="book" year="1995">Randall 1995</bibRefCitation>
; and
<bibRefCitation id="721E85B9FF95FFB9D65540AD3E62BD8B" author="Carpenter" box="[363,603,671,696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refString="Carpenter, K. E., Harrison, P. L., Hodgson, G., Alsaffar, A. H. &amp; Alhazeem, S. H. (1997) The corals and coral reef fishes of Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat. 166 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Carpenter
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D6DF40933E20BD84" box="[481,537,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="721E85B9FF95FFB9D55840AD3F09BD8B" author="Greenfield" box="[614,816,671,695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" refString="Greenfield, D. W. (2006) Two new toadfish genera (Teleostei: Batrachoididae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series, 57 (32), 945 - 954." type="journal article" year="2006">Greenfield (2006)</bibRefCitation>
recognized that the species did not belong to the genus
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF95FFB9D7A940F13D68BDE7" box="[151,337,707,731]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D7A940F13D68BDE7" box="[151,337,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Austrobatrachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and described the genus
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF95FFB9D55540F13F2ABDE7" box="[619,787,707,731]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Colletteichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D55540F13F2ABDE7" box="[619,787,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Colletteichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for it, leaving
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF95FFB9D48640F13819BDE7" box="[952,1056,707,731]" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Pseudobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foedus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D48640F13819BDE7" box="[952,1056,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. foedus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the only species in the genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="42F0A8C0FF95FFB9D7A945D2396EB8CA" box="[151,1367,2016,2039]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210735/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[189,1398,770,1993]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF95FFB9D7A945D2396EB8CA" blockId="4.[151,1367,2016,2039]" box="[151,1367,2016,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D7A945D23D2BB8C9" bold="true" box="[151,274,2016,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Underwater photograph of
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF95FFB9D51245D23FAEB8CA" authority="Algoa Bay" authorityName="Algoa Bay" box="[556,919,2016,2038]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foedus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF95FFB9D51245D23F1AB8CA" box="[556,803,2016,2038]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Austrobatrachus foedus,</emphasis>
Algoa Bay
</taxonomicName>
, South Africa. Photograph by J. Swanepoel.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF94FFB8D7F942AA3F2EBE43" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D7F942AA3DDFBF8C" box="[199,486,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D7F942AA3DDFBF8C" box="[199,486,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Austrobatrachus iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D41642AA3FA9BF8C" box="[808,912,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foedus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D41642AA3FA9BF8C" box="[808,912,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">A. foedus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its distinctive live coloration of black spots on the side and pectoral-fin base and a second dorsal fin that is solid in color.
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D3344289392CBFEF" box="[1034,1301,187,211]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foedus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D3344289392CBFEF" box="[1034,1301,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Austrobatrachus foedus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has distinct bars crossing the body and lacks dark spots, and has light lines crossing the second dorsal fin at an angle (
<figureCitation id="8EB4E4CDFF94FFB8D21242EF3949BFC9" box="[1324,1392,221,245]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="4.[151,250,2016,2039]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,770,1993]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,770,1995]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 6. Underwater photograph of Austrobatrachus foedus, Algoa Bay, South Africa. Photograph by J. Swanepoel." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210735/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D63F43323D46BE24" box="[257,383,256,280]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D63F43323D46BE24" box="[257,383,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">A. iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a longer snout than
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D5AF43323EC0BE24" box="[657,761,256,280]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foedus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D5AF43323EC0BE24" box="[657,761,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">A. foedus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 5.1 or greater versus 3.0 or less, and a larger eye. In
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D26A43323CEEBE07" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D26A43323CEEBE07" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">A. iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the eye is about equal to the caudal peduncle depth, whereas it is a little more than half of the depth in
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D26C43113C87BE61" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foedus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D26C43113C87BE61" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">A. foedus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D7F243773DEEBE61" box="[204,471,325,349]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foedus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D7F243773DEEBE61" box="[204,471,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Austrobatrachus foedus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from Algoa Bay to Coffee Bay, Transkei.
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D35F437739B8BE61" box="[1121,1409,325,349]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D35F437739B8BE61" box="[1121,1409,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Austrobatrachus iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the KwaZulu-Natal region to the north.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E95ABC3FF94FFB8D7F943B93E27BC4A" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1630F848FF94FFB8D7F943B93823BD46" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D7F943B93D02BE9F" bold="true" box="[199,315,395,419]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Remarks.</emphasis>
Connell reported that
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D57A43B93EFFBE9F" box="[580,710,395,419]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D57A43B93EFFBE9F" box="[580,710,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">A. iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not common and the specimens he collected were captured between
<quantity id="D17755ADFF94FFB8D7C3439C3D5DBEFA" box="[253,356,430,454]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="49.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="49.0">
49–
<specimenCount id="008933C1FF94FFB8D619439C3D5DBEFA" box="[295,356,430,454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" type="generic">50 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. He has not observed the species in deeper water and only saw an individual outside of a hole once in the daytime. The fish appears to choose holes into which it fits snugly. No other toadfish species were observed in the area. Upon examining the gut contents he found that they were feeding on whole molluscs, something I have observed from x-rays of other toadfish species. Connell reported that the following species were present in the stomachs:
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D643400C3E10BD6A" box="[381,553,574,598]" class="Gastropoda" family="Olividae" genus="Amalda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="optima">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D643400C3E10BD6A" box="[381,553,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Amalda optima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D509400C3E8CBD6A" box="[567,693,574,598]" class="Gastropoda" family="Colubrariidae" genus="Colubraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D509400C3E8CBD6A" box="[567,693,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Colubraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
c.f.
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D5D940723F72BD6B" box="[743,843,576,599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">castanea</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D46640723838BD6A" box="[856,1025,574,599]" class="Gastropoda" family="Harpidae" genus="Harpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="queketti">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D46640723838BD6A" box="[856,1025,574,599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Harpa queketti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D331400C38D9BD6A" box="[1039,1248,574,598]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cassidae" genus="Phalium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="labliatum">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D331400C38D9BD6A" box="[1039,1248,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Phalium labliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D220400C394CBD6A" box="[1310,1397,574,598]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ranellidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D220400C394CBD6A" box="[1310,1397,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Ranella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Connell requested that the Zulu name for toad,
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D59640503F33BD46" box="[680,778,610,634]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">iselesele</taxonomicName>
, be used for the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF94FFB8D7F940B43EF1BC36" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
The allopatric occurrence of two congeners is not unusual in toadfishes.
<bibRefCitation id="721E85B9FF94FFB8D33D40B43936BDA2" box="[1027,1295,646,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" refString="Greenfield, D. W., Winterbottom, R. &amp; Collette, B. B. (2008) Review of the toadfish genera (Teleostei: Batrachoididae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series, 59 (14), 665 - 710." type="journal article">Greenfield et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
cited examples from
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D63740993D80BDFF" box="[265,441,683,707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Batrachomoeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D63740993D80BDFF" box="[265,441,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Batrachomoeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D6F840993E75BDFF" box="[454,588,683,707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Halophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D6F840993E75BDFF" box="[454,588,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Halophryne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D56440993E85BDFE" box="[602,700,683,706]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Opsanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D56440993E85BDFE" box="[602,700,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Opsanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D5F540993F7DBDFF" box="[715,836,683,707]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Porichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D5F540993F7DBDFF" box="[715,836,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Porichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D4BF40993FD9BDFE" box="[897,992,683,706]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Sanopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D4BF40993FD9BDFE" box="[897,992,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Sanopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and suggested that their limited dispersal ability, due to demersal eggs and larvae that stay attached to the substratum and do not move up into the water column, contributed to the restricted distributions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1630F848FF94FFB8D7F941243E27BC4A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">
With the description of
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D6E641243E61BC12" box="[472,600,790,814]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Austrobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iselesele">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D6E641243E61BC12" box="[472,600,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">A. iselesele</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the number of monotypic toadfish genera is further reduced.
<bibRefCitation id="721E85B9FF94FFB8D21A41243CD8BC6E" author="Greenfield" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" refString="Greenfield, D. W. (2012) Colletteichthys occidentalis, a new toadfish species from the Arabian Peninsula and northern Arabian Sea (Teleostei: Batrachoididae). Zootaxa, 3165, 64 - 68." type="journal article" year="2012">Greenfield (2012)</bibRefCitation>
has recently demonstrated that the genus
<taxonomicName id="D18F83CBFF94FFB8D58341093F5CBC6F" box="[701,869,827,851]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Batrachoididae" genus="Colletteichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Batrachoidiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24FB245AFF94FFB8D58341093F5CBC6F" box="[701,869,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="63">Colletteichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also is no longer monotypic. Of the 23 valid genera, only eight are now monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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