treatments-xml/data/03/9C/87/039C878F6B7DFFD540C7E192FD1A4BC4.xml

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<mods:title id="BFC185467DB0AF2E174F55E0E2BB801A">Trichodinids (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) parasitic on gills of freshwater fishes, Carassius auratus and Aristichthys nobilis from China, with the description of Trichodina subtilihamata sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1FC58CEB3AE1300A45D384CC6EB2292">Tang, Fahui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D953D791B034219ADEEAC82D96AD3799">Zhao, Yuanjun</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039C878F6B7DFFD540C7E192FD1A4BC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5098435" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C878F6B7DFFD540C7E192FD1A4BC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C878F6B7DFFD540C7E192FD1A4BC4" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<subSubSection id="C32F65126B7DFFD240C7E192FD4B49A7" box="[151,702,911,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7DFFD240C7E192FD4B49A7" blockId="3.[151,702,911,972]" box="[151,702,911,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="D0C281F56B7DFFD240C7E192FD4B49A7" bold="true" box="[151,702,911,937]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7DFFD240C7E192FD4B49A7" authority="Van As &amp; Basson, 1989" authorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,702,911,937]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="uniforma">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD240C7E192FD4B49A7" bold="true" box="[151,702,911,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD240C7E192FE6349A7" bold="true" box="[151,406,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Trichodina uniforma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B7DFFD241CDE192FD4B49A7" author="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L." box="[413,702,911,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" pagination="157 - 179" refId="ref5751" refString="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L. (1989) A further contribution to the taxonomy of Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) and a review of the taxonomic status of some fish ectoparasitic trichodinids. Systematic Parasitology, 14, 157 - 179." type="journal article" year="1989">Van As &amp; Basson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32F65126B7DFFD240C7E1AFFECB49C2" box="[151,318,946,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7DFFD240C7E1AFFECB49C2" blockId="3.[151,702,911,972]" box="[151,318,946,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
(
<figureCitation id="130E2A1C6B7DFFD240CFE1AFFEF049C2" box="[159,261,946,972]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[153,257,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,557,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-181@2.[157,1429,557,1829]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of silver impregnated specimens of Trichodina spp. A–B. Trichodina subtilihamata sp. nov; C: Trichodina uniforma Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; D: Trichodina nigra Lom, 1960. Scale bar = 20m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097605/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130E2A1C6B7DFFD24142E1AFFEC049C2" box="[274,309,946,972]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1158,1182]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,315,1145]" captionTargetId="figure-403@7.[166,1426,314,1145]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Diagrammatic drawing of the denticles of Trichodina spp. A–B. Trichodina subtilihamata sp. nov.; C: Trichodina uniforma Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; D: Trichodina nigra Lom, 1960; E–F: Trichodina kazubski Van As &amp; Basson, 1989; G–H: Trichodina mutabilis Kazubski &amp; Migala, 1968." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097611/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">3C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F65126B7DFFD240C7E61FFD914EB2" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7DFFD240C7E61FFE354E15" blockId="3.[151,1436,1026,2012]" box="[151,448,1026,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD240C7E61FFF2E4E12" bold="true" box="[151,219,1026,1052]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Host:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD240B3E61FFE354E15" box="[227,448,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7DFFD240B3E61FFE494E15" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[227,444,1026,1051]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">Carassius auratus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7DFFD24097E637FE724E4A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1026,2012]" box="[199,391,1066,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD24097E637FECA4E4A" bold="true" box="[199,319,1066,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Location:</emphasis>
Gills.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7DFFD24097E64FFC214E62" blockId="3.[151,1436,1026,2012]" box="[199,980,1106,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD24097E64FFEAC4E62" bold="true" box="[199,345,1106,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Prevalence:</emphasis>
Out of nine fishes examined, one was infected (11%).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7DFFD24097E667FD0A4E9A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1026,2012]" box="[199,767,1146,1172]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD24097E667FEC24E9A" bold="true" box="[199,311,1146,1172]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CC46B7DFFD2416EE667FD0F4E9A" box="[318,762,1146,1172]" country="China" latitude="29.083334" location="Chongqing" longLatPrecision="1228" longitude="106.083336" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chongqing">
<collectingRegion id="49F1F87B6B7DFFD2416EE667FE364E9A" box="[318,451,1146,1172]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F32276096B7DFFD2419FE667FDE04E9A" box="[463,533,1146,1172]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">China</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE01505E6B7DFFD24275E667FD754E9A" box="[549,640,1146,1172]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="5" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="29.083334">29º5' N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE01505E6B7DFFD242DCE667FD044E9A" box="[652,753,1146,1172]" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="106.083336">106º5' E</geoCoordinate>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7DFFD24097E6BFFD914EB2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1026,2012]" box="[199,612,1186,1212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD24097E6BFFE514EB2" bold="true" box="[199,420,1186,1212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Date of sampling:</emphasis>
February, 2003.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32F65126B7DFFD24097E6D7FE444D6A" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7DFFD24097E6D7FE444D6A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1026,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD24097E6D7FEAA4EEA" bold="true" box="[199,351,1226,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Description.</emphasis>
Large-size, disc-like in shape when viewed laterally, body diameter 61.5–69.0µm (63.9 ± 3). Diameter of adhesive disc 50.0– 
<quantity id="4CCD9B7C6B7DFFD24275E6EFFD8B4F02" box="[549,638,1266,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="56.5">56.5µm</quantity>
(52.3 ± 2.3). Border membrane 6.0–7.0µm (6.4 ± 0.4) in width. Diameter of denticulated ring 33.0–37.0µm (34.5 ± 1.5). Centre of disc clear and without any guanules. Number of denticles 28–30 (n = 11) and number of radial pins per denticle 9–11 (n = 11). Span of denticle 16.5– 20.0µm (17.9 ± 1.2). Length of denticle 
<quantity id="4CCD9B7C6B7DFFD242DBE777FCE94F8A" box="[651,796,1386,1412]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="6.5">6.5 - 8.5µm</quantity>
(7.4 ± 0.7). Blade broad, filling almost entire space between Y axes, length 6.5–7.0µm (6.7 ± 0.3); distal blade surface straight and smooth, surface parallel to border membrane; anterior and posterior surface nearly straight and parallel to each other, mostly anterior surface extending just beyond Y+1 axis; tangent point of blade slightly higher than distal surface of blade in most specimens, and rarely on same level as distal surface; posterior margin forming extended curve, with lowest point lower than apex. Blade apophysis and posterior projection not present. Central part relatively thin but with rounded point fitting tightly in the proceding denticle and extending more than half way to Y-1 axis. Width of central part 2.0– 
<quantity id="4CCD9B7C6B7DFFD24194E49FFDFA4C92" box="[452,527,1666,1692]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5µm</quantity>
(2.7 ± 0.4). Ray well developed, of equal thickness and bending slightly inanterior direction. Point of ray sharp, touching or extending past Y+1 axis, length 
<quantity id="4CCD9B7C6B7DFFD24404E4B7FB214CCA" box="[1108,1236,1706,1732]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–9.5µm</quantity>
(8.5 ± 0.9). Ray apophysis present and small, but inconspicuous in some specimens. Ratio of denticle above to below X axis less than one. Macronucleus horseshoe-shaped, external diameter about 58; distance between terminations of macronucleus about 14; micronucleus oval, situated in +Y position. Adoral ciliary spiral turns about 390º around peristomial disc.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F65126B7DFFD54097E56FFD1A4BC4" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A36996B7DFFD54097E56FFD1A4BC4" blockId="3.[151,1436,1026,2012]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,458]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD24097E56FFEB54D82" bold="true" box="[199,320,1906,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was found on the gills of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7DFFD24346E56EFC1B4D82" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[790,1006,1907,1932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD24346E56EFC1B4D82" box="[790,1006,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Carassius auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, accompanied by 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7DFFD24497E56EFD6F4DBA" authority="(Raabe, 1950) Sramek-Husek, 1953" authorityName="Sramek-Husek" authorityYear="1953" baseAuthorityName="Raabe" baseAuthorityYear="1950" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Urceolariidae" genus="Trichodinella" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="epizootica">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD24497E56EFF194DBA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Trichodinella epizootica</emphasis>
(Raabe, 1950) Sramek-Husek, 1953
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7DFFD24284E586FADB4DBA" authority="Hirschmann &amp; Partsch, 1955" authorityName="Hirschmann &amp; Partsch" authorityYear="1955" box="[724,1326,1946,1972]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD24284E586FC3B4DBA" box="[724,974,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Trichodina reticulata</emphasis>
Hirschmann &amp; Partsch, 1955
</taxonomicName>
, but with a lower intensity of infestation than 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7DFFD2421BE5DEFC9E4DD2" authorityName="Sramek-Husek" authorityYear="1953" baseAuthorityName="Raabe" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[587,875,1987,2012]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Urceolariidae" genus="Trichodinella" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="epizootica">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7DFFD2421BE5DEFC9E4DD2" box="[587,875,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Trichodinella epizootica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The morphometric data and denticle shape of our population are consistent with the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7AFFD54332E285FAD54ABC" authority="(Van As &amp; Basson, 1989)" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[866,1312,152,178]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="uniforma">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7AFFD54332E285FC1C4ABF" box="[866,1001,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">T. uniforma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B686B7AFFD543A8E285FAE24ABC" author="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L." box="[1016,1303,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" pagination="157 - 179" refId="ref5751" refString="Van As, J. G. &amp; Basson, L. (1989) A further contribution to the taxonomy of Trichodinidae (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) and a review of the taxonomic status of some fish ectoparasitic trichodinids. Systematic Parasitology, 14, 157 - 179." type="journal article" year="1989">Van As &amp; Basson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. However, our population shows some difference from the original population, perhaps because of the geographical distributions. In our population, the central part is more delicate than the original. Furthermore, in the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7AFFD54117E30DFE264B27" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[327,467,272,297]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="uniforma">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7AFFD54117E30DFE264B27" box="[327,467,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">T. uniforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ray apophysis is more conspicuous than ours. Regardless of differences in blade morphology, we consider these differences to be within the range of variability for 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7AFFD5449CE325FAA34B5F" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1228,1366,312,337]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="uniforma">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7AFFD5449CE325FAA34B5F" box="[1228,1366,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">T. uniforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species had not been reported since its first description from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7AFFD5433FE37DFBB34B77" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[879,1094,352,377]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7AFFD5433FE37DFBB34B77" box="[879,1094,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Carassius auratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Falls Fish Farm (
<geoCoordinate id="EE01505E6B7AFFD5456AE37DFA624B74" box="[1338,1431,352,378]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="-25.416666">25º25'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE01505E6B7AFFD540C7E395FF064BAC" box="[151,243,392,418]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="30.583334">30º35'E</geoCoordinate>
) in the Komati River system, Eastern Transvaal, 
<collectingCountry id="F32276096B7AFFD54366E395FC384BAC" box="[822,973,392,418]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">South Africa</collectingCountry>
by Van As &amp; Basson in 1989, and thus this report is the first record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1A6B7AFFD54254E3ADFD794BC7" baseAuthorityName="Van As &amp; Basson" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[516,652,432,457]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Trichodinidae" genus="Trichodina" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peritrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="uniforma">
<emphasis id="B941EA8B6B7AFFD54254E3ADFD794BC7" box="[516,652,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">T. uniforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Asia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>