treatments-xml/data/03/E8/87/03E887F86A1414175D7F5ED428090EA6.xml

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<mods:title id="1AFC1AFAAA41DEBCC8C7C8E0C751BD15">First record of Dendrobaena pygmaea (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Asia (Yokohama, Japan)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5ED429F70CC1" blockId="1.[264,737,414,481]" box="[264,737,414,441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5ED429F70CC1" ID-CoL="8SXKF" authority="(Savigny, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[264,737,414,441]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5ED429080CC0" bold="true" box="[264,542,414,440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena pygmaea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125E585ED529CF0CC1" author="Savigny, J. C." box="[559,729,415,441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="176 - 184" refId="ref4907" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1826) Analyses des travaux de l'Academie Royale des Sciences pendant l'annee 1821, partie physique. [Anylyse d'un Memoir sur les Lombrics par Cuvier]. [La multiplicite des epeces de ver de terre]. In: M. Cuvier, G. le Baron (eds.) Memoirs d'Academie Royale des Sciences Institute de France, 5, 176 - 184." type="journal article" year="1826">Savigny, 1826</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5E8D2A760C99" blockId="1.[264,737,414,481]" box="[264,352,455,481]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
(
<figureCitation id="137A2A6B6A1414125D665E8D2A420C99" box="[273,340,455,481]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[273,377,1140,1164]" captionTargetBox="[976,1294,544,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-180@2.[925,1313,513,1515]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Author's sketch of Dendrobaena pygmaea (Savigny, 1826) showing ventral view with dorsal views of anterior (prostomium) and posterior (pygomere). Specimens from YNU to be lodged in Japanese National Science Muse­ um, Tokyo, and Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Odawara. Setae a, b, c, d are figured with their rel­ ative distances (ratios) on segment 12; np = nephropore; the white clitellum is shown shaded. A — cross section of body after clitellum showing intestinal typhlosole; B — nephridial bladders." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5028560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5028560/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B65656A1414125D7F5D4629EF0FBB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5D4628600FDB" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5111C06A1414125D7F5D4628600FDB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125D7F5D4629A80F5B" author="Savigny, J. C." box="[264,702,524,547]" page="183" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1826">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5D4629A80F5B" ID-CoL="8T63J" authority="Savigny, 1826: 183" authorityName="Savigny" authorityPageNumber="183" authorityYear="1826" box="[264,702,524,547]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Enterion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5D462AF40F5B" box="[264,482,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Enterion pygmaeum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125D9C5D4629A80F5B" author="Savigny, J. C." box="[491,702,524,547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="176 - 184" refId="ref4907" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1826) Analyses des travaux de l'Academie Royale des Sciences pendant l'annee 1821, partie physique. [Anylyse d'un Memoir sur les Lombrics par Cuvier]. [La multiplicite des epeces de ver de terre]. In: M. Cuvier, G. le Baron (eds.) Memoirs d'Academie Royale des Sciences Institute de France, 5, 176 - 184." type="journal article" year="1826">Savigny, 1826: 183</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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[non 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125F765D462E0E0F5B" ID-CoL="8SXKF" authority="Friend, 1923: 23" authorityName="Friend" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="1923" box="[769,1304,524,547]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="arborea" subSpecies="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125F765D462F4C0F5B" box="[769,1114,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena arborea pygmaea</emphasis>
Friend, 1923: 23
</taxonomicName>
­ this secondary homonym is not replaced (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125F7E5D6628840F3B" author="ICZN" box="[777,914,556,579]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4490" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4 th edition). International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, Natural History Museum, London, pp. 306." type="book" year="1999">ICZN, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Arts. 57.3; 59) as it is now thought (
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125D485D0629060F1B" author="Easton, E. G." box="[319,528,588,611]" page="479" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125D485D0629060F1B" author="Easton, E. G." box="[319,528,588,611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="475 - 487" refId="ref4334" refString="Easton, E. G. (1983) A guide to the valid names of Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta). In: Satchell, J. E. (ed.) Earthworm Ecology - From Darwin to Vermiculture. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, pp. 475 - 487." type="book chapter" year="1983">Easton, 1983: 479</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
) in synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125E9F5D062E300F1B" authority="(Eisen, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Eisen" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[744,1318,588,611]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="rubidus" subSpecies="subrubicundus">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125E9F5D062F960F1B" box="[744,1152,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrodrilus rubidus subrubicundus</emphasis>
(Eisen, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
, although 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125DEB5D2629D50FFB" author="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A." box="[412,707,620,643]" page="136" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125DEB5D2629D50FFB" author="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A." box="[412,707,620,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4216" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A. (2003) Earthworms of Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Hungary Natural History Museum, Budapest, 271 pp. Available from http: // cerberus. elte. hu / SystZool / Earthworms / Hungary / Hu _ main. htm (March, 2004)." type="book" year="2003">Csuzdi &amp; Zicsi (2003: 136)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
overlook this]. 
<typeStatus id="54FA884C6A1414125F045D2628BE0FFB" box="[883,936,620,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
locality Paris. 
<typeStatus id="54FA884C6A14141258385D262F980FFB" box="[1103,1166,620,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Types</typeStatus>
in Paris Natural History Museum but their current status unknown.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5DE629EF0FBB" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" box="[264,761,684,707]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5DE62AFD0FBB" box="[264,491,684,707]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5DE62AFD0FBB" box="[264,491,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lumbricus pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — Dugès, 1837: 17, 24.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5D862F5B0E7B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5D8629B20F9B" authority="Rosa, 1884: 39" authorityName="Rosa" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1884" box="[264,676,716,739]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5D862AED0F9B" box="[264,507,716,739]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Allolobophora minima</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CB36A1414125E745D8629B20F9B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3309878304" box="[515,676,716,739]" country="Italy" location="From" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Piemonte">Rosa, 1884: 39</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[non 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125E925D862F3F0F9B" authority="Muldal, 1952: 463" authorityName="Muldal" authorityPageNumber="463" authorityYear="1952" box="[741,1065,716,739]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125E925D86284D0F9B" box="[741,859,716,739]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Al. minima</emphasis>
Muldal, 1952: 463
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A14141258275D8629080E7B" authority="(Omodeo, 1956: 179)" authorityName="Blakemore" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Omodeo" baseAuthorityPageNumber="179" baseAuthorityYear="1956" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Murchieona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="muldali" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A14141258275D862E3D0F9B" box="[1104,1323,716,739]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Murchieona muldali</emphasis>
(Omodeo, 1956: 179)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20657876A1414125E525DA629820E7B" box="[549,660,748,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
)]. 
<location id="8E9E60356A1414125EDA5DA629F10E7B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F86A1414175D7F5ED428090EA6:8E9E60356A1414125EDA5DA629F10E7B" box="[685,743,748,771]" country="Italy" name="From" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Piemonte">From</location>
<collectingRegion id="4985F80C6A1414125E995DA628400E7B" box="[750,854,748,771]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Piemonte</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1414125F175DA628850E7B" box="[864,915,748,771]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Italy</collectingCountry>
. 
<typeStatus id="54FA884C6A1414125FEB5DA628CD0E7B" box="[924,987,748,771]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Types</typeStatus>
unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D4F5C4629E50E5B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" box="[312,755,780,803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D4F5C4629010E5B" authorityName="Orley" authorityYear="1885" box="[312,535,780,803]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Octolasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minimum">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D4F5C4629010E5B" box="[312,535,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Octolasion minimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — Örley, 1885: 22.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D4F5C66288F0E3B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" box="[312,921,812,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D4F5C66298E0E3B" box="[312,664,812,835]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minimus" subGenus="Octolasion">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D4F5C662ABC0E3B" box="[312,426,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lumbricus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125DCD5C6629390E3B" box="[442,559,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Octolasion</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125E495C66298E0E3B" box="[574,664,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — Vaillant, 1889: 113.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5C0628810E1B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" box="[264,919,844,867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5C0629800E1B" box="[264,662,844,867]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaeus" subGenus="Dendrobaena">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5C062A6C0E1B" box="[264,378,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lumbricus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125DFD5C06290A0E1B" box="[394,540,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125E5C5C0629800E1B" box="[555,662,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — Vaillant, 1889: 120.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5C262FDD0EFB" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" box="[264,1227,876,899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5C262AB50EFB" box="[264,419,876,899]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5C262AB50EFB" box="[264,419,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Allolobophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[(
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125DCB5C2629580EFB" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1874" box="[444,590,876,899]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125DCB5C2629580EFB" box="[444,590,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)] 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125E115C2629AF0EFB" box="[614,697,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">pygmea</emphasis>
(lapsus) et 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125F435C2628A40EFB" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[820,946,876,899]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125F435C2628A40EFB" box="[820,946,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">A. pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — Rosa, 1893: 424, 436.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B65656A1414125D7F5CC6282B087B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5CC629940EBB" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5111C06A1414125D7F5CC629940EBB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5CC629810EDB" box="[264,663,908,931]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Helodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaeus" subGenus="Dendrobaena">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5CC62A6C0EDB" box="[264,378,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Helodrilus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125DFD5CC6290D0EDB" box="[394,539,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125E5B5CC629810EDB" box="[556,663,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125EB25CC628AC0EDB" author="Michaelsen, W." box="[709,954,908,931]" page="495" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125EB25CC628AC0EDB" author="Michaelsen, W." box="[709,954,908,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4590" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1900) Das Tierreich Vol. 10: Oligochaeta. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, XXIX + 575 pp." type="book" year="1900">Michaelsen, 1900: 495</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[syn. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125F8B5CC62F5D0EDB" box="[1020,1099,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">pigmea</emphasis>
(lapsus) Ribaucourt, 1896: 94, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125DD35CE6296E0EBB" ID-CoL="4aece0f4-49bd-4a0f-b745-1fe035ef2725" authority="Rosa, 1884" authorityName="Rosa" authorityYear="1884" box="[420,632,940,963]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125DD35CE62AE20EBB" box="[420,500,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">minima</emphasis>
Rosa, 1884
</taxonomicName>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5C862FF70E9B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" box="[264,1249,972,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5C8628430E9B" ID-CoL="8LSYB" authority="Cognetti, 1901: 21" authorityName="Cognetti" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1901" box="[264,853,972,995]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Helodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ribaucourti" subGenus="Helodrilus">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5C862A6C0E9B" box="[264,378,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Helodrilus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125DFD5C862AEA0E9B" box="[394,508,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Helodrilus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125E7C5C8629930E9B" box="[523,645,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">ribaucourti</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CB36A1414125EFB5C8628430E9B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3309878305" box="[652,853,972,995]" location="From" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sardegna">Cognetti, 1901: 21</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<location id="8E9E60356A1414125F165C86288D0E9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F86A1414175D7F5ED428090EA6:8E9E60356A1414125F165C86288D0E9B" box="[865,923,972,995]" name="From" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Sardegna">From</location>
<collectingRegion id="4985F80C6A1414125FD65C8628EB0E9B" box="[929,1021,972,995]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
. 
<typeStatus id="54FA884C6A14141258705C862F500E9B" box="[1031,1094,972,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Types</typeStatus>
in Turin: 812.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5CA62909091B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5CA6285C097B" ID-CoL="869X5" authority="Michaelsen, 1903: 140" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="140" authorityYear="1903" box="[264,842,1004,1027]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Helodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii" subGenus="Eophila">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5CA62A6C097B" box="[264,378,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Helodrilus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125DFC5CA62AC9097B" box="[395,479,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eophila</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D985CA6295A097B" box="[495,588,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">cognettii</emphasis>
Michaelsen, 1903: 140
</taxonomicName>
[nom. nov. pro. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125F895CA62956095B" ID-CoL="8LSYB" authority="Cognetti, 1901" authorityName="Cognetti" authorityYear="1901" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Helodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ribaucourti" subGenus="Helodrilus">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125F895CA62F66097B" box="[1022,1136,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Helodrilus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A14141258F75CA62FE4097B" box="[1152,1266,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Helodrilus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A14141259745CA62A84095B" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">ribaucourti</emphasis>
Cognetti, 1901
</taxonomicName>
non 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125E0B5B462F9A095B" ID-CoL="8T5XM" authority="Bretscher, 1901: 220" authorityName="Bretscher" authorityPageNumber="220" authorityYear="1901" box="[636,1164,1036,1059]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ribaucourti">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125E0B5B46288D095B" box="[636,923,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Allolobophora ribaucourti</emphasis>
Bretscher, 1901: 220
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A14141258CF5B462A99093B" authorityName="Hoffmeister" authorityYear="1843" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubellus">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A14141258CF5B462A99093B" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lumbricus rubellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); name sometimes mispelt &quot;cognetti&quot;; non 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125F285B662E3C093B" authority="Cernosvitov, 1935" authorityName="Cernosvitov" authorityYear="1935" box="[863,1322,1068,1091]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Eisenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="veneta" subSpecies="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125F285B662F77093B" box="[863,1121,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Eisenia veneta cognettii</emphasis>
Cernosvitov, 1935
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D205B062910091B" ID-CoL="84ZJZ" authority="alpina" box="[343,518,1100,1123]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="alpina" subSpecies="alpina">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D205B062910091B" box="[343,518,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">D. alpina alpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D4F5B2628BE09DB" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5111C06A1414125D4F5B2628BE09DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D4F5B26298309FB" ID-CoL="84ZK3" box="[312,661,1132,1155]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="pygmaea" subSpecies="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D4F5B26298309FB" box="[312,661,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena pygmaea cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125EB25B26288209FB" author="Bouche, M. B." box="[709,916,1132,1155]" page="391" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125EB25B26288209FB" author="Bouche, M. B." box="[709,916,1132,1155]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4079" refString="Bouche, M. B. (1972) Lombriciens de France. Ecologie et Systematique. INRA 72 - 2. Institut National des Recherches Agriculturelles, Paris, 671 pp." type="book" year="1972">Bouché, 1972: 391</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; [mispelt and miscited as &quot;D. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A14141258AF5B262E3D09FB" box="[1240,1323,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">pygmea</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D1F5BC6295E09DB" ID-CoL="869X5" authority="Mich, 1903" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" box="[360,584,1164,1187]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Helodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D1F5BC62AD309DB" box="[360,453,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">cognettii</emphasis>
Mich, 1903
</taxonomicName>
&quot; by 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125E0E5BC6288A09DB" author="Qiu J-P. &amp; Bouche, M." box="[633,924,1164,1187]" page="194" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125E0E5BC6288A09DB" author="Qiu J-P. &amp; Bouche, M." box="[633,924,1164,1187]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="181 - 200" refId="ref4712" refString="Qiu J-P., Bouche, M. (1998) Liste classfique des taxons valides de Lombriciens (Oligochaeta: Lumbricoidea) apres l'etude des trios cinquimes d'entre-eux [Classified list of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricoidea), after study of three fifths of them]. Documents pedozoologiques et integrologiques, Dijon 4, 181 - 200. [In French; dated &quot; Decembre 1998 &quot;]." type="journal article" year="1998">Qiu &amp; Bouche (1998: 194)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D4F5BE62AFC099B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5111C06A1414125D4F5BE62AFC099B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D4F5BE6293B09BB" ID-CoL="84ZK3" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" box="[312,557,1196,1219]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D4F5BE6293B09BB" box="[312,557,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — Zicsi, 1981: 171; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125F6E5BE62F2509BB" author="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A." box="[793,1075,1196,1219]" page="114" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125F6E5BE62F2509BB" author="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A." box="[793,1075,1196,1219]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4216" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A. (2003) Earthworms of Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Hungary Natural History Museum, Budapest, 271 pp. Available from http: // cerberus. elte. hu / SystZool / Earthworms / Hungary / Hu _ main. htm (March, 2004)." type="book" year="2003">Csuzdi &amp; Zicsi, 2003: 114</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(syn. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A14141258025BE62ACB099B" ID-CoL="8T5XM" authority="Cognetti, 1901" authorityName="Cognetti" authorityYear="1901" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ribaucourti">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A14141258025BE62FF909BB" box="[1141,1263,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">ribaucourti</emphasis>
Cognetti, 1901
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D4F5BA6282B087B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" box="[312,829,1260,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D4F5BA62987087B" ID-CoL="84ZK3" authority="cognettii" box="[312,657,1260,1283]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="cognettii" subSpecies="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D4F5BA62987087B" box="[312,657,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena cognettii cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — Rota, 1992.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B65656A1414125D7F5A46288C085B" box="[264,922,1292,1315]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5A46288C085B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" box="[264,922,1292,1315]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5A462916085B" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[264,512,1292,1315]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5A462916085B" box="[264,512,1292,1315]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — Zicsi, 1959: 96; Gerard, 1964: 37.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B65656A1414125D7F5A662FE10A16" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5A66287E083B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" box="[264,872,1324,1347]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5111C06A1414125D7F5A66287E083B" box="[264,872,1324,1347]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5A662971083B" ID-CoL="8SXKF" authority="pygmaea" box="[264,615,1324,1347]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="pygmaea" subSpecies="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5A662971083B" box="[264,615,1324,1347]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena pygmaea pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125EE15A662875083B" author="Bouche, M. B." box="[662,867,1324,1347]" page="393" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125EE15A662875083B" author="Bouche, M. B." box="[662,867,1324,1347]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4079" refString="Bouche, M. B. (1972) Lombriciens de France. Ecologie et Systematique. INRA 72 - 2. Institut National des Recherches Agriculturelles, Paris, 671 pp." type="book" year="1972">Bouché, 1972: 393</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5A062F8F08DB" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5111C06A1414125D7F5A062F8F08DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5A062914081B" ID-CoL="8SXKF" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[264,514,1356,1379]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5A062914081B" box="[264,514,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125E435A0629F7081B" author="Gates, G. E." box="[564,737,1356,1379]" page="92" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125E435A0629F7081B" author="Gates, G. E." box="[564,737,1356,1379]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref4387" refString="Gates, G. E. (1972) Burmese Earthworms, an introduction to the systematics and biology of Megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to South-East Asia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 62 (7), 1 - 326." type="journal article" year="1972">Gates, 1972: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125E995A062854081B" author="Gates, G. E." box="[750,834,1356,1379]" page="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125E995A062854081B" author="Gates, G. E." box="[750,834,1356,1379]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="7 - 8" refId="ref4432" refString="Gates, G. E. (1975) Contributions to a revision of the earthworm family Lumbricidae, XVII. Allolobophora miniscula Rosa, 1906 and Enterion pygmaeum Savigny, 1826. Megadrilogica, 2, 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="1975">1975: 8</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125F275A062F02081B" author="Easton, E. G." box="[848,1044,1356,1379]" page="479" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125F275A062F02081B" author="Easton, E. G." box="[848,1044,1356,1379]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="475 - 487" refId="ref4334" refString="Easton, E. G. (1983) A guide to the valid names of Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta). In: Satchell, J. E. (ed.) Earthworm Ecology - From Darwin to Vermiculture. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, pp. 475 - 487." type="book chapter" year="1983">Easton, 1983: 479</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[syn. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A141412582E5A062E3C081B" ID-CoL="4aece0f4-49bd-4a0f-b745-1fe035ef2725" authority="Rosa, 1884" authorityName="Rosa" authorityYear="1884" box="[1113,1322,1356,1379]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A141412582E5A062FBF081B" box="[1113,1193,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">minima</emphasis>
Rosa, 1884
</taxonomicName>
(non Muldal, 1953 = 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125E505A26283608FB" ID-CoL="8SZ6Q" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[551,800,1388,1411]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Murchieona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuscula">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125E505A26283608FB" box="[551,800,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Murchieona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125F4D5A262F7208FB" ID-CoL="84ZK3" authority="Michaelsen, 1903" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" box="[826,1124,1388,1411]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125F4D5A26288108FB" box="[826,919,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">cognettii</emphasis>
Michaelsen, 1903
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A14141258055A262AB808DB" ID-CoL="8T5XM" authority="Cognetti, 1901" authorityName="Cognetti" authorityYear="1901" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ribaucourti">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A14141258055A262FFD08FB" box="[1138,1259,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">ribaucourti</emphasis>
Cognetti, 1901
</taxonomicName>
]; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125DB65AC629C608DB" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M." box="[449,720,1420,1443]" page="73" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125DB65AC629C608DB" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M." box="[449,720,1420,1443]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref4982" refString="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M. (1985) Earthworms: Keys and Notes to the identification and study of the species. Synopsis of the British Fauna (New series) No. 31, 1 - 171." type="book chapter" year="1985">Sims &amp; Gerard, 1985: 73</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125EAB5AC6282A08DB" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M." box="[732,828,1420,1443]" page="73" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125EAB5AC6282A08DB" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M." box="[732,828,1420,1443]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref5029" refString="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M. (1999) Earthworms: Notes for the Identification of British Species. 4 th Edition. Published for The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association by Field Studies Council, Montford Bridge, Shrewsbury, UK, 169 pp." type="book" year="1999">1999: 73</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 23 (syn. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125FB85AC62F0908DB" ID-CoL="4aece0f4-49bd-4a0f-b745-1fe035ef2725" authorityName="Rosa" authorityYear="1884" box="[975,1055,1420,1443]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125FB85AC62F0908DB" box="[975,1055,1420,1443]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A141412585B5AC62F9F08DB" ID-CoL="84ZK3" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" box="[1068,1161,1420,1443]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A141412585B5AC62F9F08DB" box="[1068,1161,1420,1443]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F5AE62FEE089B" blockId="1.[264,1323,524,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5111C06A1414125D7F5AE62FEE089B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125D7F5AE6282A08BB" authority="Rota, 1992: 1383" authorityName="Rota, 1992:" authorityPageNumber="1383" authorityYear="1383" box="[264,828,1452,1475]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="cognettii" subSpecies="gallurensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F5AE6296F08BB" box="[264,633,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dendrobaena cognettii gallurensis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CB36A1414125EF65AE6282A08BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3309878303" box="[641,828,1452,1475]" location="From Gallura" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sardegna">Rota, 1992: 1383</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125F305AE128AD08BB" bold="true" box="[839,955,1451,1475]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Syn. nov.?</emphasis>
[Possible synonym; mispelt &quot;cognetti gallurensis&quot; in 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE010FF6A1414125E785A862824089B" author="Qiu J-P. &amp; Bouche, M." box="[527,818,1484,1507]" page="195" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125E785A862824089B" author="Qiu J-P. &amp; Bouche, M." box="[527,818,1484,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="181 - 200" refId="ref4712" refString="Qiu J-P., Bouche, M. (1998) Liste classfique des taxons valides de Lombriciens (Oligochaeta: Lumbricoidea) apres l'etude des trios cinquimes d'entre-eux [Classified list of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricoidea), after study of three fifths of them]. Documents pedozoologiques et integrologiques, Dijon 4, 181 - 200. [In French; dated &quot; Decembre 1998 &quot;]." type="journal article" year="1998">Qiu &amp; Bouche (1998: 195)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
]. 
<location id="8E9E60356A1414125F335A8628C1089B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F86A1414175D7F5ED428090EA6:8E9E60356A1414125F335A8628C1089B" box="[836,983,1484,1507]" name="From Gallura" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Sardegna">From Gallura</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4985F80C6A1414125F955A862F28089B" box="[994,1086,1484,1507]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
. 
<typeStatus id="54FA884C6A141412583F5A862F91089B" box="[1096,1159,1484,1507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Types</typeStatus>
unknown.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1414125D7F595E2FE10A16" blockId="1.[264,1323,1556,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F595E29070B56" bold="true" box="[264,529,1556,1582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Taxonomic Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125E6F595E28550B56" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M." box="[536,835,1556,1582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref4982" refString="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M. (1985) Earthworms: Keys and Notes to the identification and study of the species. Synopsis of the British Fauna (New series) No. 31, 1 - 171." type="book chapter" year="1985">Sims &amp; Gerard (1985: 45</bibRefCitation>
, 74; 1999: 44, 74) considered 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A14141258D4595E2A400B2E" author="Michaelsen, W." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4590" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1900) Das Tierreich Vol. 10: Oligochaeta. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, XXIX + 575 pp." type="book" year="1900">Michaelsen (1900)</bibRefCitation>
the first reviser to “fix” the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125E9C597628420B2D" ID-CoL="8SXKF" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[747,852,1596,1621]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125E9C597628420B2D" box="[747,852,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
although some later authors, on the fallacy that the original description was inadequate, attempt to replace this name with the subsequent 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125DE459C629C30BDE" ID-CoL="84ZK3" authority="Michaelsen, 1903" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" box="[403,725,1676,1702]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125DE459C62AEC0BDD" box="[403,506,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">cognettii</emphasis>
Michaelsen, 1903
</taxonomicName>
, even though a prior name, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A141412585559C62E1C0BDE" ID-CoL="4aece0f4-49bd-4a0f-b745-1fe035ef2725" authority="Rosa, 1884" authorityName="Rosa" authorityYear="1884" box="[1058,1290,1676,1702]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A141412585559C62F6C0BDD" box="[1058,1146,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">minima</emphasis>
Rosa, 1884
</taxonomicName>
, is also available. That both subsequent names are synonyms, as in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A141412587B59FE2FA50BB6" author="Easton, E. G." box="[1036,1203,1716,1742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="475 - 487" refId="ref4334" refString="Easton, E. G. (1983) A guide to the valid names of Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta). In: Satchell, J. E. (ed.) Earthworm Ecology - From Darwin to Vermiculture. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, pp. 475 - 487." type="book chapter" year="1983">Easton (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A141412589959FE2AD30B8E" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref4982" refString="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M. (1985) Earthworms: Keys and Notes to the identification and study of the species. Synopsis of the British Fauna (New series) No. 31, 1 - 171." type="book chapter" year="1985">Sims &amp; Gerard (1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125DA6599629190B8E" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M." box="[465,527,1756,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref5029" refString="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M. (1999) Earthworms: Notes for the Identification of British Species. 4 th Edition. Published for The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association by Field Studies Council, Montford Bridge, Shrewsbury, UK, 169 pp." type="book" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
), is accepted here. In contrast, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125F0A59962FAB0B8E" author="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A." box="[893,1213,1756,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4216" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A. (2003) Earthworms of Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Hungary Natural History Museum, Budapest, 271 pp. Available from http: // cerberus. elte. hu / SystZool / Earthworms / Hungary / Hu _ main. htm (March, 2004)." type="book" year="2003">Csuzdi &amp; Zicsi (2003: 114)</bibRefCitation>
retain 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A141412597959962A780A65" ID-CoL="84ZK3" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A141412597959962A780A65" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">D. cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and list 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125DA4584E29A90A65" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1826" box="[467,703,1796,1821]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Enterion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125DA4584E29A90A65" box="[467,703,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Enterion pygmaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a &quot;nom. nudum?&quot; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125F9B584E2FE10A65" ID-CoL="4aece0f4-49bd-4a0f-b745-1fe035ef2725" authorityName="Rosa" authorityYear="1884" box="[1004,1271,1796,1821]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Allolobophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minima">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125F9B584E2FE10A65" box="[1004,1271,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Allolobophora minima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a &quot;spec. inc. sed.&quot; (= 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D82586629E10A3D" box="[501,759,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">species incertae sedis</emphasis>
). Under the code (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1414125F9358662FA30A3E" author="ICZN" box="[996,1205,1836,1862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref4490" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4 th edition). International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, Natural History Museum, London, pp. 306." type="book" year="1999">ICZN, 1999: 111</bibRefCitation>
; 123), &quot;A 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125D7F581E2AB80A15" box="[264,430,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">nomen nudum</emphasis>
is not an available name&quot; which clearly is not the case with 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1414125806581E2FE60A15" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1826" box="[1137,1264,1876,1901]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Enterion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1414125806581E2FE60A15" box="[1137,1264,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">pygmaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B65656A1714115D4F5E512AA60CAE" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1714115D4F5E512AA60CAE" blockId="2.[264,1322,283,470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115D4F5E512AA10C4D" bold="true" box="[312,439,283,309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Length 
<quantity id="4CB99B0B6A1714115E6C5E56298B0C4E" box="[539,669,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="10.0">10–45 mm</quantity>
. Light reddish anterior dorsum or unpigmented. Prostomium epilobous. Setal pairs widely separate. Dorsal pores absent or from 4/5–6/7. Spermathecal pores absent or dorsally in 9/10/11/12. Clitellum 33–37 or 32,33–36,37,38. Tubercula pubertatis absent or narrow ridge below b lines in 35–37. Genital setal tumescences absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3E66666A1714115D665B3E2A6508A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5028560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5028560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5028560/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[273,377,1140,1164]" subCaptionStartIDs="2.[684,761,1327,1350]" subCaptionStarts="figured" targetBox="[976,1294,544,1496]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1714115D665B3E2A6508A3" blockId="2.[273,917,1140,1499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115D665B3E2A8C09F4" bold="true" box="[273,410,1140,1164]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Author's sketch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1714115EE35B3F2AAA09C9" authority="(Savigny, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
Dendrobaena pygmaea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1714115D6F5BD02AA209C9" author="Savigny, J. C." box="[280,436,1178,1201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="176 - 184" refId="ref4907" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1826) Analyses des travaux de l'Academie Royale des Sciences pendant l'annee 1821, partie physique. [Anylyse d'un Memoir sur les Lombrics par Cuvier]. [La multiplicite des epeces de ver de terre]. In: M. Cuvier, G. le Baron (eds.) Memoirs d'Academie Royale des Sciences Institute de France, 5, 176 - 184." type="journal article" year="1826">Savigny, 1826</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
showing ventral view with dorsal views of anterior (prostomium) and posterior (pygomere). Specimens from YNU to be lodged in Japanese National Science 
<materialsCitation id="3B293CB36A1714115F275BAE28850859" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3309878301" location="Prefectural Museum of Natural" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tokyo">
Museum, 
<collectingRegion id="4985F80C6A1714115D345A402A9F0859" box="[323,393,1290,1313]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="4985F80C6A1714115DB15A4029200859" box="[454,566,1290,1313]" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kanagawa</collectingRegion>
<location id="8E9E60356A1714115E485A4028850859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887F86A1414175D7F5ED428090EA6:8E9E60356A1714115E485A4028850859" box="[575,915,1290,1313]" name="Prefectural Museum of Natural" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Tokyo">Prefectural Museum of Natural</location>
</materialsCitation>
History, Odawara. Setae 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115E555A652939083E" box="[546,559,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">a</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115E4A5A65295C083E" box="[573,586,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">b</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115E2F5A652972083E" box="[600,612,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">c</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115E065A652968083E" box="[625,638,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">d</emphasis>
are figured with their relative distances (ratios) on segment 12; np = nephropore; the white clitellum is shown shaded. A — cross section of body after clitellum showing intestinal typhlosole; B — nephridial bladders.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35B65656A1714105D4F59772FDC0CFE" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1714105D4F59772FDC0CFE" blockId="2.[264,1323,1597,1903]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115D4F59772ACE0B2F" bold="true" box="[312,472,1597,1623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution.</emphasis>
In Europe known from Britain (Cumbria, Devon, Hampshire and Suffolk), 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115D27592F2AAB0B07" box="[336,445,1637,1663]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Germany</collectingCountry>
(e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1714115E76592F299B0B07" author="Graff, O." box="[513,653,1637,1663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref4473" refString="Graff, O. (1955) Die Regenwurmer Deutschlands. Braunschweig, pp. 81." type="book" year="1955">Graff, 1955</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115ED4592F29E00B07" box="[675,758,1637,1663]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">France</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115F75592F28530B07" box="[770,837,1637,1663]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spain</collectingCountry>
(e.g. as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1714115FDE592F2FB30B06" box="[937,1189,1637,1662]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="pygmaea" subSpecies="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115FDE592F2FB30B06" box="[937,1189,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. pygmaea cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingRegion id="4985F80C6A1714115899592F2A3C0BDF" country="Spain" name="Galicia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Galicia</collectingRegion>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1714115D2559C72ACA0BDE" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" box="[338,476,1677,1702]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115D2559C72ACA0BDE" box="[338,476,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingRegion id="4985F80C6A1714115E5259C729990BDF" box="[549,655,1677,1703]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Valencia</collectingRegion>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115ED459C728100BDF" box="[675,774,1677,1703]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Portugal</collectingCountry>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1714115F4059C728AC0BDE" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[823,954,1677,1702]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognetti">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115F4059C728AC0BDE" box="[823,954,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. cognetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sic)], 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A171411587959C72F8C0BDF" box="[1038,1178,1677,1703]" name="Switzerland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A17141158A359C72E3C0BDF" box="[1236,1322,1677,1703]" name="Austria" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Austria</collectingCountry>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1714115D4459FF2AD60BB6" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" box="[307,448,1717,1742]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115D4459FF2AD60BB6" box="[307,448,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1714115D8C59FF28300BB7" author="Christian, E. &amp; Zicsi, A." box="[507,806,1717,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="121 - 131" refId="ref4112" refString="Christian, E. &amp; Zicsi, A. (1999) Ein synoptischer Bestimmungsschlussel der Regenwurmer Osterreichs (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Die Bodenkultur, 50, 121 - 131. Available from http: // www. boku. ac. at / zoology / download / lumkey. pdf (March, 2004)." type="journal article" year="1999">Christian &amp; Zicsi (1999)</bibRefCitation>
], 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115F4C59FF28640BB7" box="[827,882,1717,1743]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4985F80C6A1714115F0859FF28D20BB7" box="[895,964,1717,1743]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sicily</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115FA559FF2F390BB7" box="[978,1071,1717,1743]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Corsica</collectingCountry>
, Sardinia (as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A17141158A659FF2A510B8E" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A17141158A659FF2A510B8E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1714115D2D5997294C0B8E" authority="cognettii" box="[346,602,1757,1782]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="cognettii" subSpecies="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115D2D5997294C0B8E" box="[346,602,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. cognettii cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and? 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1714115ED1599728D60B8E" authorityName="Rota, 1992:" authorityYear="1383" box="[678,960,1757,1782]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="cognettii" subSpecies="gallurensis">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115ED1599728D60B8E" box="[678,960,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. cognettii gallurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115FAA59972F260B8F" box="[989,1072,1757,1783]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Greece</collectingCountry>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A171411581059972FE00B8E" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" box="[1127,1270,1757,1782]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A171411581059972FE00B8E" box="[1127,1270,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1714115D7F584F2A8A0A67" author="Zicsi, A." box="[264,412,1797,1823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="99 - 103" refId="ref5117" refString="Zicsi, A. (1973) Regenwurmer (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) aus Griechenland. Opuscula Zoologica (Budapest), 12 (1 - 2), 99 - 103." type="journal article" year="1973">Zicsi (1973)</bibRefCitation>
], Madeira and Tenerife (as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1714115EAB584F28710A66" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" box="[732,871,1797,1822]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115EAB584F28710A66" box="[732,871,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115F08584F28F30A67" box="[895,997,1797,1823]" name="Hungary" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hungary</collectingCountry>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1714115861584F2FB60A66" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1903" box="[1046,1184,1797,1822]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cognettii">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115861584F2FB60A66" box="[1046,1184,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. cognettii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A17141158AE584F2AAA0A3F" author="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref4216" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A. (2003) Earthworms of Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Hungary Natural History Museum, Budapest, 271 pp. Available from http: // cerberus. elte. hu / SystZool / Earthworms / Hungary / Hu _ main. htm (March, 2004)." type="book" year="2003">Csuzdi &amp; Zicsi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
], 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115DA75867292B0A3F" box="[464,573,1837,1863]" name="Romania" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Romania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115E3E586729A50A3F" box="[585,691,1837,1863]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bohemia</collectingCountry>
in the 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115F73586728A90A3F" box="[772,959,1837,1863]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1714115F9858672F6B0A3E" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1007,1149,1837,1862]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Dendrobaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1714115F9858672F6B0A3E" box="[1007,1149,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D. pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A17141158DD58672E300A3F" author="Pizl, V." box="[1194,1318,1837,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="203 - 207" refId="ref4616" refString="Pizl, V. (2000) An addition to the earthworm fauna of the Czech Republic. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 64 (2), 203 - 207." type="journal article" year="2000">Pizl (2000</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1714115D7F581F2A530A17" author="Pizl, V." box="[264,325,1877,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="143 - 148" refId="ref4648" refString="Pizl, V. (2002) Earthworms (Lumbricidae) of the Bohemian Forest. Silva-Gabreta, 8, 143 - 148." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1714115D23581F2A830A17" author="Pizl, V." box="[340,405,1877,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref4672" refString="Pizl, V. (2003) Earthworms (Lumbricidae) of the Bohemian Forest. Available from http: // www. npsumava. cz / stranky. php? idc = 516 (March, 2004)." type="url" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
)]; also a single record from 
<collectingRegion id="4985F80C6A1714115E9A581F286A0A17" box="[749,892,1877,1903]" country="Algeria" name="Constantine" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Constantine</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1714115FFD581F28F40A17" box="[906,994,1877,1903]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Algeria</collectingCountry>
[by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A171410586A581F2A4A0C4E" author="Rouabah, R. &amp; Descamps, L." lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref4838" refString="Rouabah, R. &amp; Descamps, L. (2001) Biologie des Oligochetes Lumbricus terrestris, Allolobophora chlorotica et Dendrobaena pygmaea dans le Constantinois (est algerien). Societe Zoologique de France, Sommaire du fascicule 126 / 1 - 2 (2001). Available from http: // www. snv. jussieu. fr / zoologie / (March, 2004)." type="journal article" year="2001">Rouabah &amp; Descamps (2001)</bibRefCitation>
]; in America from San Francisco, California [cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1614105FA05E562FA80C4E" author="Reynolds, J. R." box="[983,1214,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref4784" refString="Reynolds, J. R. (1995) Status of Exotic Earthworm Systematics and Biogeography in North America. In: Hendrix, P. F. (Ed.) Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 1 - 28." type="book chapter" year="1995">Reynolds (1995: 11</bibRefCitation>
, 27) possibly from study by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1614105D825E0E29840C26" author="Gates, G. E." box="[501,658,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="7 - 8" refId="ref4432" refString="Gates, G. E. (1975) Contributions to a revision of the earthworm family Lumbricidae, XVII. Allolobophora miniscula Rosa, 1906 and Enterion pygmaeum Savigny, 1826. Megadrilogica, 2, 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="1975">Gates (1975)</bibRefCitation>
], noted from 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1614105F585E0E28790C26" box="[815,879,324,350]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chile</collectingCountry>
[by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1614105FD25E0E2FFA0C26" author="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A." box="[933,1260,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref4216" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A. (2003) Earthworms of Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Hungary Natural History Museum, Budapest, 271 pp. Available from http: // cerberus. elte. hu / SystZool / Earthworms / Hungary / Hu _ main. htm (March, 2004)." type="book" year="2003">Csuzdi &amp; Zicsi (2003: 115)</bibRefCitation>
]; and now from Asia (Yokohama, 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1614105E215E2629880CFE" box="[598,670,364,390]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Japan</collectingCountry>
). As yet unrecorded from Australasia/Oceania.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B65656A1614105D4F5ED92FE10F5E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1614105D4F5ED92E320CD6" blockId="3.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,1316,403,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105D4F5ED92AC60CD5" bold="true" box="[312,464,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</emphasis>
Compiled from pers. obs. and from various sources in synonymy above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1614105D4F5EF12FE10F5E" blockId="3.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105D4F5EF129770CAD" bold="true" box="[312,609,443,469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Collection and Locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B293CB36A1614105E1E5EF62FE50F5E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3309878302" collectingDate="1999-05" collectingDateMax="1999-06-31" collectingDateMin="1999-05" collectorName="R. J. Blakemore" country="Japan" elevation="57" latitude="35.433334" location="Japan" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="139.65" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1">
Collected by 
<collectorName id="26B453386A1614105F715EF628A90CAE" box="[774,959,444,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectionCode id="ED50AE2B6A1614105F715EF628080CAE" box="[774,798,444,470]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED50AE2B6A1614105F555EF628390CAE" box="[802,815,444,470]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Blakemore
</collectorName>
, 9–10th May, 2003 from 
<collectionCode id="ED50AE2B6A161410589C5EF62E3D0CAE" box="[1259,1323,444,470]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14804" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14804" name="Yokohama National University" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">YNU</collectionCode>
campus, Tokiwadai, Yokohama, Kanagawa­ken, 
<collectingCountry id="F356767E6A1614105F265EAE28820C86" box="[849,916,484,510]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE7550296A1614105FD15EAE2F250C86" box="[934,1075,484,510]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="00" value="35.433334">35º26'00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
. 
<geoCoordinate id="EE7550296A16141058365EAE2FC00C86" box="[1089,1238,484,510]" degrees="139" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="00" value="139.65">139º39'00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CB99B0B6A16141058925EAE2E080C86" box="[1253,1310,484,510]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="57.0">
<elevation id="006CD1DD6A16141058925EAE2E080C86" box="[1253,1310,484,510]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="57.0">57m</elevation>
</quantity>
). Other specimens collected from 
<collectionCode id="ED50AE2B6A1614105EF25D4629D20F5E" box="[645,708,524,550]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14804" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14804" name="Yokohama National University" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">YNU</collectionCode>
campus in 
<date id="FFFF102E6A1614105F3D5D462F100F5E" box="[842,1030,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1999-05" valueMax="1999-06-31" valueMin="1999-05-00">
<collectingDate id="EFBBE9C66A1614105F3D5D462F100F5E" box="[842,1030,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1999-05" valueMax="1999-06-31" valueMin="1999-05-00">May–June 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
by Tomoko Uchida
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B65656A1614175D4F5D7928090EA6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1614105D4F5D792E3D0816" blockId="3.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105D4F5D792AB60F35" bold="true" box="[312,416,563,589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecology.</emphasis>
Found at YNU in relatively high abundance in loose association with various megascolecids, e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1614105D845D1628C30F0E" authority="(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Goto &amp; Hatai" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[499,981,604,630]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="acinctus">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105D845D1629D90F0D" box="[499,719,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Amynthas acinctus</emphasis>
(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1899)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1614105F975D162A5A0FE6" authority="(Kinberg, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Kinberg" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corticis">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105F975D162FA50F0D" box="[992,1203,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Amynthas corticis</emphasis>
(Kinberg, 1867)
</taxonomicName>
spp.­complex, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1614105E785DCE2F560FE6" authority="(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Goto &amp; Hatai" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[527,1088,644,670]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="micronarius">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105E785DCE28080FE5" box="[527,798,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Amynthas micronarius</emphasis>
(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A16141058245DCE291D0FBE" authority="(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Goto &amp; Hatai" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A16141058245DCE2E3C0FE5" box="[1107,1322,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Amynthas vittatus</emphasis>
(Goto &amp; Hatai, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1614105E6E5DE62F1D0FBE" authority="(Michaelsen, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[537,1035,684,710]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hilgendorfi">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105E6E5DE6280B0FBD" box="[537,797,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Metaphire hilgendorfi</emphasis>
(Michaelsen, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
spp.­complex, and with the endemic lumbricid 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1614105E6D5D9E28C60F96" authority="(Michaelsen, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[538,976,724,750]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Eisenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105E6D5D9E29F60F95" box="[538,736,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eisenia japonica</emphasis>
(Michaelsen, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105F925D9E2F410F96" bold="true" box="[997,1111,724,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Habitats.</emphasis>
Well­drained soil and moist woodland litter, mossy banks of streams (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1614105FF85DB62FD80E6E" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M." box="[911,1230,764,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref5029" refString="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M. (1999) Earthworms: Notes for the Identification of British Species. 4 th Edition. Published for The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association by Field Studies Council, Montford Bridge, Shrewsbury, UK, 169 pp." type="book" year="1999">Sims &amp; Gerard, 1999: 73</bibRefCitation>
), damp organic sites (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1614105DDE5C6E29F70E46" author="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A." box="[425,737,804,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref4216" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A. (2003) Earthworms of Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Hungary Natural History Museum, Budapest, 271 pp. Available from http: // cerberus. elte. hu / SystZool / Earthworms / Hungary / Hu _ main. htm (March, 2004)." type="book" year="2003">Csuzdi &amp; Zicsi, 2003: 115</bibRefCitation>
); at YNU in organic layers mainly under stands of non­coniferous evergreen trees 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1614105EE65C0628AA0E1D" box="[657,956,844,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camphora">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105EE65C0628AA0E1D" box="[657,956,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cinnamomum camphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Sieb., 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A16141058105C06293F0EF6" authority="(Thumb.) Oerst." authorityName="Oerst." baseAuthorityName="Thumb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A16141058105C062A4E0EF5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
(Thumb.) Oerst.
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1614105E185C3E28910EF6" authority="Makino" authorityName="Makino" box="[623,903,884,910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Pasania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105E185C3E28360EF5" box="[623,800,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pasania edulis</emphasis>
Makino
</taxonomicName>
(soil pH 6.7); and less frequently under deciduous trees dominated by sakura, 
<taxonomicName id="4C414D6D6A1614105F565CD62FFB0ECE" authority="F. Sieb. ex Koidz." authorityName="Koidz." box="[801,1261,924,950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamazakura">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105F565CD62F1F0ECD" box="[801,1033,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Prunus jamazakura</emphasis>
F. Sieb. ex Koidz.
</taxonomicName>
(soil pH 5.3), in soils classed generally as Andosol with Carbon 14–22% and Nitrogen 5.2– 6.6% (Uchida &amp; Kaneko, in press). 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105E935CA6287C097E" bold="true" box="[740,874,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Behaviour.</emphasis>
Sluggish when handled, soil easily adheres to surface mucus; body naturally coils slightly on preservation. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A16141058225B5E2FC60956" bold="true" box="[1109,1232,1044,1070]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Biometry.</emphasis>
Length 
<quantity id="4CB99B0B6A1614105D7F5B762A9E092E" box="[264,392,1084,1110]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="10.0">10–45 mm</quantity>
(current unamputated specimens 
<quantity id="4CB99B0B6A1614105F6B5B7628B7092E" box="[796,929,1084,1110]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="17.0">17–33 mm</quantity>
), width 0.5–1.2 mm; body cylindrical tapering to tail and, when preserved, gizzard region in 17–20 and clitellum are broadest; mean weight 0.03 g (n= 38); segments 90–111. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105F945BC62F5609DE" bold="true" box="[995,1088,1164,1190]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colour.</emphasis>
Lightly pigmented reddy/brown anterior and dorsum especially first dozen segments, or unpigmented grey (with gut contents visible through transparent hind­body); clitellum white. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A16141058FE5B962E3D098E" bold="true" box="[1161,1323,1244,1270]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Prostomium.</emphasis>
Epilobous, furrows sometimes faint to give appearance of pro­epilobous. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A16141058E25A4E2A5E083E" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">First dorsal pore.</emphasis>
Occasionally reported from 4/5/6/7 but usually absent as in present specimens. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105D7F5A1E299B0816" bold="true" box="[264,653,1364,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Setae (ratio of aa:ab:bc:cd:dd).</emphasis>
Eight per segment from 2, widely separate; (1.5:1:1:1:2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1614105D7F5A36283E0BAE" blockId="3.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105D7F5A362AA708EE" bold="true" box="[264,433,1404,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nephropores.</emphasis>
Single row just above b lines from 3, especially obvious on clitellum; (sometimes reported above c lines?). 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105EA25AEE284408C6" bold="true" box="[725,850,1444,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Clitellum.</emphasis>
Saddle­shaped 33–37 with mid­ventral gap widest on 33, range 32,33–37,38; or 32,33–36,37 according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A16141058225A862A4C0B76" author="Christian, E. &amp; Zicsi, A." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="121 - 131" refId="ref4112" refString="Christian, E. &amp; Zicsi, A. (1999) Ein synoptischer Bestimmungsschlussel der Regenwurmer Osterreichs (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Die Bodenkultur, 50, 121 - 131. Available from http: // www. boku. ac. at / zoology / download / lumkey. pdf (March, 2004)." type="journal article" year="1999">Christian &amp; Zicsi (1999)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105D1A5ABE2AE90B76" bold="true" box="[365,511,1524,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male pores.</emphasis>
Lateral slits in bc on large white­pigmented protuberant pads mostly confined to 15. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105DAD5956299B0B4E" bold="true" box="[474,653,1564,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female pores.</emphasis>
Visible just lateral to b on 14. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A161410585059562E3C0B4E" bold="true" box="[1063,1322,1564,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spermathecal pores.</emphasis>
Reported dorsally in 9/10/11/12, frequently absent as in current specimens. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A16141058B9590E2A9F0BFE" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Genital Markings.</emphasis>
Tumescences and tubercula pubertatis usually absent, or reported as narrow ridges below b lines in 35–37 but this may be artefactual as the nephropores give appearance of separation of lower edges of clitellum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1614105D4F59AE2E3D0B86" blockId="3.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,1323,1764,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105D4F59AE2A930B86" bold="true" box="[312,389,1764,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingRegion id="4985F80C6A1614105D4F59AE2A960B86" box="[312,384,1764,1790]" country="Spain" name="Ceuta" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Septa</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
None especially thick. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105EDB59AE28B10B86" bold="true" box="[684,935,1764,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dorsal blood vessel.</emphasis>
Single (visible through cuticle).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36EE6A1614175D7F584628090EA6" blockId="3.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1323,283,990]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105D7F58462A720A5E" bold="true" box="[264,356,1804,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hearts.</emphasis>
7–11 (last hearts in 11 seen in present specimens). 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1614105F9758462FC40A5E" bold="true" box="[992,1234,1804,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Calciferous glands.</emphasis>
White, moniliform dilations, vascularized with longitudinal striations internally in 11–12 and some incursion in 13; (diverticula reported by Csuzdi &amp; Zicsi, not found). 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A111417580E5E512FF30C4D" bold="true" box="[1145,1253,283,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gizzard.</emphasis>
Muscular in 17–18. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1114175DB15E09299B0C25" bold="true" box="[454,653,323,349]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Intestine origin.</emphasis>
Beginning with the crop in 15–16. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A11141758445E092FD70C25" bold="true" box="[1075,1217,323,349]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Typhlosole.</emphasis>
Not previously reported, in present specimens commencing after clitellum from about 40 and of simple lamellar 
<typeStatus id="54FA884C6A1114175DBC5EDE2AEB0CD6" box="[459,509,404,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
(lamelliform), narrow and only slightly thickened, that in the midbody is about one third of the intestinal diameter deep. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1114175FD65EF12F310CAD" bold="true" box="[929,1063,443,469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nephridia.</emphasis>
Holoic with flattened bladders elongate and ocarina­shaped ducting to nephropores near setal b lines in present specimens; described as ocarina­shaped (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A1114175E9B5D462F0E0F5E" author="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M." box="[748,1048,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref5029" refString="Sims, R. W. &amp; Gerard, B. M. (1999) Earthworms: Notes for the Identification of British Species. 4 th Edition. Published for The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association by Field Studies Council, Montford Bridge, Shrewsbury, UK, 169 pp." type="book" year="1999">Sims &amp; Gerard, 1999: 68</bibRefCitation>
) or as bilobate [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD04B1F6A11141758A15D462AF60F36" author="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref4216" refString="Csuzdi, Cs. &amp; Zicsi, A. (2003) Earthworms of Hungary (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Hungary Natural History Museum, Budapest, 271 pp. Available from http: // cerberus. elte. hu / SystZool / Earthworms / Hungary / Hu _ main. htm (March, 2004)." type="book" year="2003">Csuzdi &amp; Zicsi (2003: 46</bibRefCitation>
, 114) — but these authors show this 
<typeStatus id="54FA884C6A1114175FE95D7E28C60F36" box="[926,976,564,590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
to actually be elongate ocarina­shaped (fig. 3.15A, E; fig. 6.18.1) while their &quot;ocarina­shaped&quot; is actually &quot;J&quot; or &quot;S&quot; shaped (fig. 3.15D)]. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1114175E7C5DCE28330FE6" bold="true" box="[523,805,644,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Testis/seminal vesicles.</emphasis>
Iridescent testis (and sperm funnels) visible through body wall in 10 and 
<quantity id="4CB99B0B6A1114175E015DE629A30FBE" box="[630,693,684,710]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
Yokohama specimens suggest that it is not, or not entirely, a parthenogenetic morph; seminal vesicles in (9), 11 and 12 arc around gut, frequently small or absent. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1114175E4E5DB628140E6E" bold="true" box="[569,770,764,790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ovaries/ovisacs.</emphasis>
Paired in 13, band­like with single egg­string shedding largish non­yolky eggs; egg sacs not found. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1114175FE25C6E2F060E46" bold="true" box="[917,1040,804,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Prostates.</emphasis>
None. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A11141758055C6E2E3C0E46" bold="true" box="[1138,1322,804,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spermathecae.</emphasis>
Usually absent, as in present specimens although three (or fewer pairs sometimes reported). 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1114175DFC5C3E29760EF6" bold="true" box="[395,608,884,910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spermatophores.</emphasis>
Not found on exterior. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1114175F095C3E2FDD0EF6" bold="true" box="[894,1227,884,910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Longitudinal muscle layer.</emphasis>
Pinnate 
<typeStatus id="54FA884C6A1114175D7F5CD62A2C0ECE" box="[264,314,924,950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
(Csuzdi &amp; Zicsi). 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1114175E5B5CD629C10ECE" bold="true" box="[556,727,924,950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gut contents.</emphasis>
Dark, colloidal organic soil and litter debris, not much mineral soil. 
<emphasis id="B935EAFC6A1114175D855C8E29750EA6" bold="true" box="[498,611,964,990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cocoons.</emphasis>
None recorded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>