treatments-xml/data/03/A2/7A/03A27A0DDF48FF8B3CCDD5DDF5F3FE96.xml

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<mods:title id="6B2410DF46AB06F938F5D0183125AC96">Sinningia × vacariensis (Gesneriaceae) from Southern Brazil, the first natural hybrid described for the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="584BE5ED1B1A909B90D637AE3E58B59B">Ferreira, Gabriel Emiliano</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A7BB22F40A51738D706CF89773D94E1B">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501 - 970, Brazil. E-mail: gabriel _ efs @ yahoo. com. br, jorgew @ brturbo. com. br.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EA8E327A2CCE33222FB1F8FC8A6F8CB5">Waechter, Jorge Luiz</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0C57982BCF12517631BE6BF836849DB5">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501 - 970, Brazil. E-mail: gabriel _ efs @ yahoo. com. br, jorgew @ brturbo. com. br.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFBC62A8CB429E3C448C8443C62EBAD4">Chautems, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="893471B9AB1E00B2036DC58F09435873">Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Case postale 60, CH- 1292 Chambésy, Suiça.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0BB098DF48FF893CCDD5DDF566FF6F" ID-CoL="644RP" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,268,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF48FF893CCDD5DDF566FF6F" bold="true" box="[151,268,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Sinningia</emphasis>
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× 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF48FF893D70D5DDF5C4FF6F" bold="true" box="[298,430,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">vacariensis</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Ferreira, Waechter &amp; Chautems 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF48FF893F76D5D2F7ACFF6F" box="[812,966,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">nothosp. nov.</emphasis>
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Type:— 
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. 
<collectingRegion id="49CF05F9DF48FF893D06D5F4F643FF0B" box="[348,553,190,213]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
: Vacaria, Afloramento rochoso no interior 
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com 
<taxonomicName id="4C0BB098DF48FF8938F0D5F4F17CFF0B" box="[1194,1302,190,213]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Araucária</taxonomicName>
, próximo ao 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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. Ferreira and 
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(
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, isotype 
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)
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.
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<emphasis id="B97F1709DF48FF893CCDD2EAF565F86B" bold="true" box="[151,271,1952,1973]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
A–F. 
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<emphasis id="B97F1709DF48FF893D17D2EBF5C1F868" box="[333,427,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Sinningia</emphasis>
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× 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF48FF893D9DD2EBF65DF868" box="[455,567,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">vacariensis</emphasis>
(from the holotype). A. Habit. B. Ovary with calyx. C. Corolla opening, front view. D. Calyx with corolla. E. Corolla without calyx and trichomes. F. Anthers details with front view.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3CCDD5DDF51FFF6F" bold="true" box="[151,373,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Plants rupicolous</emphasis>
with erect stems arising from tubers; 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3F65D5DDF7E1FF6F" bold="true" box="[831,907,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Stems</emphasis>
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long, pilose, green with reddish streaks. 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3CA6D5F4F53FFF06" bold="true" box="[252,341,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite-decussate, subequal, petiole 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3F76D5F4F714FF06" box="[812,894,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
long, tomentose, concolorous; blade ovate– elliptic, 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3CA3D5AFF50AFF21" box="[249,352,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8–15 cm</quantity>
long, 
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wide, obtuse at the apex, cordate or sometimes unequal at the base, margin irregularly crenate, 4–5 pairs of veins, above strigillose, below whitish-tomentose. 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3827D441F15BFEFB" bold="true" box="[1149,1329,267,293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Inflorescences</emphasis>
cymose, composed of pair-flowered cymes, borne in the axils of bracts or upper leaf pairs over the ca. 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3880D478F149FE92" box="[1242,1315,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
long apex of the axis; peduncles 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3DFBD413F67AFEAD" box="[417,528,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 cm</quantity>
long, green with reddish streaks, hirsute; pedicels ascending 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A38B3D413F132FEAD" box="[1257,1368,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 cm</quantity>
long, green with reddish streaks, hirsute. 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3E6CD435F615FE47" bold="true" box="[566,639,383,409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Calyx</emphasis>
ovate, tube 
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long, hoary-tomentose, lobes linear-lanceolate, 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3CCDD4ECF490FE1E" box="[151,250,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
long, acuminate, margin entire, green, pilose. 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3F75D4ECF7E5FE1E" bold="true" box="[815,911,422,448]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Corolla</emphasis>
erect in calyx, tubular, 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A38EAD4ECF14AFE1E" box="[1200,1312,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 cm</quantity>
long, red, pilose, base with 5 gibbosities between the calyx lobes, tube constricted above base, 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A38F5D487F179FE39" box="[1199,1299,461,487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
wide, then expanding gradually to 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3DF6D4BEF667FDD0" box="[428,525,500,526]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
wide at throat, limb spreading, lobes 5, with many dark red dots, unequal, ca. 4 × 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3C9DD750F57AFDEA" box="[199,272,538,564]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
; 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3D47D750F5EDFDEA" bold="true" box="[285,391,538,564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Stamens</emphasis>
4, included, filaments 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3EC6D750F748FDEA" box="[668,802,538,564]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.2 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous, anthers coherent, rectangular, pollen white, nectary consisting of two separate dorsal glands; 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3F1AD70AF7FBFD84" bold="true" box="[832,913,576,602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Ovary</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3FC0D70BF7B5FD85" box="[922,991,577,603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3877D70BF018FD85" box="[1069,1138,577,603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, hispid, style 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A393AD70BF1F6FD85" box="[1376,1436,577,603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
long, green, pubescent. Fruit a dry two-valved capsule, 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A3F62D722F7D4FD5C" box="[824,958,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 cm</quantity>
long, and 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4BFF8A381AD722F0ADFD5C" box="[1088,1223,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 cm</quantity>
wide, acuminate, reddish brown, pubescent; seeds narrowly ellipsoid, brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF749B93DF4BFF8A3CCDD2FCF7AEF837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5079351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079351/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" startId="2.[151,244,1974,1995]" targetBox="[201,1387,772,1955]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BB4CB1BDF4BFF8A3CCDD2FCF7AEF837" blockId="2.[151,1437,1974,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3CCDD2FCF566F815" bold="true" box="[151,268,1974,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0BB098DF4BFF8A3DFDD2FDF6E4F812" authorityName="Chautems" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Lindley 1828:" baseAuthorityYear="1202" box="[423,654,1975,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrostachya">
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3DFDD2FDF6E4F812" box="[423,654,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Sinningia macrostachya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0BB098DF4BFF8A3EC1D2FDF69CF812" authorityName="Chautems" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Hjelmquist" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[667,758,1975,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3EC1D2FDF69CF812" box="[667,758,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">S. lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3F7FD2FDF75DF812" box="[805,823,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">S.</emphasis>
× 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3F0BD2FDF7D4F812" box="[849,958,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">vacariensis</emphasis>
in South America, showing the overlapping area. Blue circle. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0BB098DF4BFF8A3D51D29EF5C2F837" authorityName="Chautems" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Lindley 1828:" baseAuthorityYear="1202" box="[267,424,2004,2025]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrostachya">
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3D51D29EF5C2F837" box="[267,424,2004,2025]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">S. macrostachya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Red triangle. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0BB098DF4BFF8A3E6CD29EF6FAF837" authorityName="Chautems" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Hjelmquist" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[566,656,2004,2025]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Sinningia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3E6CD29EF6FAF837" box="[566,656,2004,2025]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">S. lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pink lozenge. 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3F7FD29EF752F837" box="[805,824,2004,2025]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">S.</emphasis>
× 
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4BFF8A3F0BD29EF7D4F837" box="[849,958,2004,2025]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">vacariensis</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3119890DF4AFF8B3C9CD5DDF0D3FF21" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB4CB1BDF4AFF8B3C9CD5DDF0D3FF21" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4AFF8B3C9CD5DDF66AFF6F" bold="true" box="[198,512,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
—This hybrid occurs in the Vacaria municipality in 
<collectingRegion id="49CF05F9DF4AFF8B3838D5D2F155FF6C" box="[1122,1343,152,178]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
, next to the Pelotas River. We located only one individual, growing on basaltic rock outcrops within an 
<taxonomicName id="4C0BB098DF4AFF8B397FD5F4F1F6FF06" box="[1317,1436,190,216]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Araucaria</taxonomicName>
forest, close to streams or in shaded habitats, between 600 and 
<quantity id="4CF366FEDF4AFF8B3F22D5AFF7A9FF21" box="[888,963,229,255]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
in elevation (
<figureCitation id="1330D79EDF4AFF8B3839D5AFF0C1FF21" box="[1123,1195,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1974,1995]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,772,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-283@2.[201,1387,772,1955]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution of Sinningia macrostachya, S. lineata and S. × vacariensis in South America, showing the overlapping area. Blue circle. S. macrostachya. Red triangle. S. lineata. Pink lozenge. S. × vacariensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5079351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5079351/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3119890DF4AFF8B3C9CD441F5F3FE96" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB4CB1BDF4AFF8B3C9CD441F5F3FE96" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B97F1709DF4AFF8B3C9CD441F51EFEFB" bold="true" box="[198,372,267,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The name of the nothospecies is derived from the municipality “Vacaria” where the plant was first encountered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>