treatments-xml/data/03/A8/E1/03A8E167FFA20D63FF51FE21F3F05CC9.xml

<document id="D93AE98BEA65F328CE83A43A13022AAB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191147" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e46b99bc-4894-4e3b-877e-2c06869dad00" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191147" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461124342701" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Blank, Miriam" docDate="2009" docId="03A8E167FFA20D63FF51FE21F3F05CC9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02278p025.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2278" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Spiophanes bombyx Claparede 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FF91991FFFA40D69FFC6FFF5F2155856" masterDocTitle="Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) — a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698596450614" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="417767E41815581E7943ACF362F67061">Spiophanes norrisi sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) — a new species from the NE Pacific coast, separated from the Spiophanes bombyx complex based on both morphological and genetic studies</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFA20D6FFF51FE21F07B59BB" blockId="6.[151,622,467,528]" box="[151,622,467,494]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0F6E71DFFA20D6FFF51FE21F07B59BB" bold="true" box="[151,622,467,494]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFA20D6FFF51FE21F07B59BB" ID-CoL="4Z69H" authority="Claparede, 1870" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,622,467,494]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA20D6FFF51FE21F07B59BB" bold="true" box="[151,622,467,494]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA20D6FFF51FE21F39D59B8" bold="true" box="[151,392,468,494]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spiophanes bombyx</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFE5EFE26F07359BB" author="Claparede" box="[408,614,467,493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="Claparede, E. (1870) Les Annelides Chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Troisieme partie. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 20 (2), 365 - 542." type="journal article" year="1870">Claparède, 1870</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFA20D6FFF51FE03F3055A46" blockId="6.[151,622,467,528]" box="[151,272,502,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
(
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFA20D6FFF59FE03F31D5A46" box="[159,264,502,528]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,255,1701,1725]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,255,1545,1569]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,255,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox-0="[289,1297,860,1674]" captionTargetBox-1="[528,983,611,1544]" captionTargetBox-2="[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[289,1299,860,1675]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[523,1011,577,1567]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Chaetigers 9 – 15 with dorsal ciliated organs and dorsal ciliated crests, dorsal view. — Specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008. Scale: in µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): Chaetiger 10 – 18, dorsal view, methyl green stained nuchal organs. — Specimen from Turkey, Iskenderum Bay, sublittoral, leg. E. Dagli, Sep 2005. Scale: 0.5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Chaetigers 4 – 9 with openings of glandular organs on chaetigers 5, 7, 8, 9, lateral view. B. Neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 16, dorsal apical view. C. Chaetigers 9 – 11, lateral view. D. Posterior end with stout curved notochaeta, dorsal view. — A, B, D specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008; C specimen from the Gulf of Naples, depth 20 m, leg. P. Lanera, March 2005. Scale: in µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/191149/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/191150/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/191151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B03FAFFA20D6FFF51FDC9F1C45B75" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFA20D6FFF51FDC9F0EC5A05" blockId="6.[151,1436,572,803]" box="[151,761,572,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11775FFFA20D6FFF51FDC9F0EC5A05" box="[151,761,572,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFA20D6FFF51FDC9F0195A05" ID-CoL="4Z66H" authority="Claparede, 1870: 485" authorityName="Claparede" authorityPageNumber="485" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,524,572,595]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA20D6FFF51FDC9F3355A05" box="[151,288,572,595]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spio bombyx</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFEE0FDC9F0195A05" author="Claparede" box="[294,524,572,595]" page="485" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1870">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFEE0FDC9F3CC5A05" author="Claparede" box="[294,473,572,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="Claparede, E. (1870) Les Annelides Chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Troisieme partie. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 20 (2), 365 - 542." type="journal article" year="1870">Claparède, 1870</bibRefCitation>
: 485
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–487, plate XII, fig. 2.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFA20D6FFF51FDABF32F5B56" blockId="6.[151,1436,572,803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11775FFFA20D6FFF51FDABF32F5B56" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFA20D6FFF51FDABF3785A23" ID-CoL="4Z69H" box="[151,365,606,629]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA20D6FFF51FDABF3785A23" box="[151,365,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spiophanes bombyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. – 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFE4DFDABF0475A23" author="Mesnil" box="[395,594,606,629]" page="249" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFE4DFDABF0085A23" author="Mesnil" box="[395,541,606,629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" refString="Mesnil, F. (1896) Etudes de morphologie externe chez les Annelides. Les Spionidiens des cotes de la Manche. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 29, 110 - 287." type="journal article" year="1896">Mesnil, 1896</bibRefCitation>
: 249
</treatmentCitation>
–257, plate XV, figs 1–22. – 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFC4FFDABF6545A23" author="Mesnil" box="[905,1089,606,629]" page="91" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1897">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFC4FFDABF60F5A23" author="Mesnil" box="[905,1050,606,629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" refString="Mesnil, F. (1897) Etudes de morphologie externe chez les Annelides. II. Remarques complementaires sur les Spionidens. - La famille nouvelle des Disomidiens. - La place des Aonides (sensus Tauber, Levinsen). Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 30, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1897">Mesnil, 1897</bibRefCitation>
: 91
</treatmentCitation>
–92, plate III, figs 17, 20, 21. – 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFF01FD74F3AF5ACE" author="Soderstrom" box="[199,442,641,664]" page="243" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFF01FD74F39D5ACE" author="Soderstrom" box="[199,392,641,664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" refString="Soderstrom, A. (1920) Studien uber die Polychaetenfamilie Spionidae. PhD thesis, Uppsala, 286 pp." type="book" year="1920">Söderström, 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 243
</treatmentCitation>
–244, figs 135. – 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFDA8FD74F1365ACE" author="Fauvel" box="[622,803,641,664]" page="41" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFDA8FD74F0E95ACE" author="Fauvel" box="[622,764,641,664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="Fauvel, P. (1927) Faune de France Vol. 16 Polychetes sedentaires. Addenda aux Errantes, Archiannelides, Myzostomaires. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, Paris, Paul Lechevalier, 494 pp." type="book" year="1927">Fauvel, 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 41
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 14a–i. –Hartmann– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFBEDFD74F7175ACE" author="Schroder" box="[1067,1282,641,664]" page="327" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFBEDFD74F6DA5ACE" author="Schroder" box="[1067,1231,641,664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1971). Annelida, Borstenwurmer, Polychaeta. - Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile nach ihren Merkmalen und ihrer Lebensweise. Gustav Fischer-Verlag, Jena u. a., Teil 58, 594 pp." type="book" year="1971">Schröder, 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 327
</treatmentCitation>
–328, fig. 112. –Meißner, 2005: 54–58, figs 33–35 (in part).– Not 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFD28FD51F1A75AED" author="Okuda" box="[750,946,676,699]" page="222" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFD28FD51F1685AED" author="Okuda" box="[750,893,676,699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" refString="Okuda, S. (1937) Spioniform polychaetes from Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science of the Hokkaido Imperial University, (G), 5 (3), 217 - 254." type="journal article" year="1937">Okuda, 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 222
</treatmentCitation>
–223, figs 3–4. –Not 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFB50FD51F72B5AED" author="Light" box="[1174,1342,676,699]" page="60" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFB50FD51F7025AED" author="Light" box="[1174,1303,676,699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" refString="Light, W. J. (1978) Invertebrates of the San Francisco Bay Estuary System. Family Spionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta). The Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, California, 211 pp." type="book" year="1978">Light, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 60
</treatmentCitation>
–62, figs 60–61. –Not 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFE94FD33F01F5A8B" author="Blake" box="[338,522,710,733]" page="146" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFE94FD33F3C25A8B" author="Blake" box="[338,471,710,733]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="Blake, J. A. (1996) Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. Including a review of the genera and species from California and a revision of the genus Polydora Bosc, 1802. In Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; P. H. Scott (ed.)]. Taxonomic Atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the western Santa Barbara Channel. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Volume 6, The Annelida Part 3 - Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 81 - 223." type="journal article" year="1996">Blake, 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 146
</treatmentCitation>
–147, figs. 4.18.a–e. –Not 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFCE5FD33F1E15A8B" author="Imajima" box="[803,1012,710,733]" page="128" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFCE5FD33F1D75A8B" author="Imajima" box="[803,962,710,733]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" refString="Imajima, M. (1991). Spionidae (Annnelida, Polychaeta) from Japan VII. The genus Spiophanes. Bulletin of National Science Museum Tokyo Ser. A (Zoology), 17, 115 - 137." type="journal article" year="1991">Imajima, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 128
</treatmentCitation>
–132, figs 8–9. –Not 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFB10FD33F3205B56" author="Blake" page="224" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFB10FD33F3155B56" author="Blake" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 224
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFA20D6FFF51FCF9F1C45B75" blockId="6.[151,1436,572,803]" box="[151,977,780,803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11775FFFA20D6FFF51FCF9F1C45B75" box="[151,977,780,803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
? 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFA20D6FFF6FFCF9F0D85B75" ID-CoL="6ZBHN" authority="Webster &amp; Benedict, 1884: 728" authorityName="Webster &amp; Benedict" authorityPageNumber="728" authorityYear="1884" box="[169,717,780,803]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="verrilli">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA20D6FFF6FFCF9F3605B75" box="[169,373,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spiophanes verrilli</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA07660FFA20D6FFEBAFCF9F0D85B75" author="Webster" box="[380,717,780,803]" page="728" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1884">
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA20D6FFEBAFCF9F08C5B75" author="Webster" box="[380,665,780,803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" refString="Webster, H. E. &amp; Benedict, J. E. (1884) The Annelida Chaetopoda from Provincetown and Wellfleet, Mass. United States Fisheries and Wildlife Service Biological Report, 1881, 699 - 747." type="journal article" year="1884">Webster &amp; Benedict, 1884</bibRefCitation>
: 728
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–729, pl. VI, figs 65–72.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7E00F9FFA20D6FFF51F950F3E15F53" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191149/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[289,1297,860,1674]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFA20D6FFF51F950F3E15F53" blockId="6.[151,1436,1701,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA20D6FFF51F950F30D5EEB" bold="true" box="[151,280,1701,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFA20D6FFED8F953F0A95EEA" authority="Claparede, 1870" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1870" box="[286,700,1701,1725]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA20D6FFED8F953F3E75EEB" box="[286,498,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spiophanes bombyx</emphasis>
(Claparède, 1870)
</taxonomicName>
: A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Chaetigers 9–15 with dorsal ciliated organs and dorsal ciliated crests, dorsal view. — Specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008. Scale: in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31B03FAFFA20D6EFF00F8CCF3BE5E9A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFA20D6EFF00F8CCF73B5A79" blockId="6.[151,1436,1849,2014]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,559]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA20D6FFF00F8CCF3AD5F05" bold="true" box="[198,440,1849,1875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Non– 
<typeStatus id="54BAEED3FFA20D6FFECCF8CCF32A5F05" box="[266,319,1849,1875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
NE Atlantic Ocean: 
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA20D6FFD76F8CCF1705F04" box="[688,869,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Norwegian Sea</emphasis>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA20D6FFCB3F8CCF60C5F05" box="[885,1049,1849,1875]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="60.6165">60° 36.990' N</geoCoordinate>
2° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA20D6FFBFEF8CCF6BD5F05" box="[1080,1192,1849,1875]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="55" value="46.07">46.070 E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA20D6FFB73F8CCF7175F05" box="[1205,1282,1849,1875]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
, 6- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA20D6FFAE3F8CCF7895F05" box="[1317,1436,1849,1875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1998-05-01">
V-1998, 
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</date>
specimen (ZSRO-P 715). 
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA20D6FFE0DF8A9F0575F23" box="[459,578,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">North Sea</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F31610E1FFA20D6FFD95F8A9F0A75F20" box="[595,690,1884,1910]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">German</collectingCountry>
Bight: 
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA20D6FFC76F8A9F62B5F20" box="[944,1086,1884,1910]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="6.995">6°59.700' E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA20D6FFB8CF8A9F6B55F20" box="[1098,1184,1884,1910]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.96" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="39.6">39.6 m</quantity>
, fine sand (d50 = 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA20D6FFAB1F8A9F2DC5FCE" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
), 24- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA20D6FFEC5F88BF38B5FCE" box="[259,414,1918,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2008-07-18">
VII-2008, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA20D6FFE47F88BF38B5FCE" box="[385,414,1918,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">18</specimenCount>
</date>
specimens (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA20D6FFDF6F88BF0665FCE" box="[560,627,1918,1944]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA20D6FFDBDF88BF0835FCE" box="[635,662,1918,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P-</collectionCode>
24840); 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA20D6FFD3EF88BF1865FCE" box="[760,915,1918,1944]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="54.030167">54°01.810' N</geoCoordinate>
7° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA20D6FFC74F88BF6375FCE" box="[946,1058,1918,1944]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="55" value="1.732">01.732 E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA20D6FFBF6F88BF6905FCE" box="[1072,1157,1918,1944]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="32.1">32.1 m</quantity>
, fine sand (d50 = 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA20D6FFA9CF88BF2DF5FED" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.175">0.175 mm</quantity>
), 24- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA20D6FFEC1F854F38C5FED" box="[263,409,1953,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2008-07-01">
VII-2008, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA20D6FFE4CF854F38C5FED" box="[394,409,1953,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
</date>
specimen (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA20D6FFDE3F854F07F5FED" box="[549,618,1953,1979]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA20D6FFDB4F854F09A5FED" box="[626,655,1953,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P-</collectionCode>
24841); 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA20D6FFD32F854F1825FED" box="[756,919,1953,1979]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="53.68643">53°41.186' N</geoCoordinate>
6° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA20D6FFC70F854F63E5FED" box="[950,1067,1953,1979]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="55" value="29.87">29.870 E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA20D6FFBFFF854F6845FED" box="[1081,1169,1953,1979]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="19.3">19.3 m</quantity>
, medium sand (d50 = 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA20D6FFF51F831F3065F88" box="[151,275,1988,2014]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.09" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.409">0.409 mm</quantity>
), 23 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA20D6FFE8BF831F3C25F88" box="[333,471,1988,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2008-07-01">
VII-2008, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA20D6FFE0FF831F3C25F88" box="[457,471,1988,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
</date>
specimen (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA20D6FFD98F831F0B45F88" box="[606,673,1988,2014]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA20D6FFD6FF831F0D15F88" box="[681,708,1988,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P-</collectionCode>
24842); 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA20D6FFCE1F831F1D75F88" box="[807,962,1988,2014]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="53.71235">53°42.741' N</geoCoordinate>
6° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA20D6FFC27F831F6475F88" box="[993,1106,1988,2014]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="55" value="26.494">26.494 E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA20D6FFB99F831F6A15F88" box="[1119,1204,1988,2014]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="22.2">22.2 m</quantity>
, medium sand (d50 = 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA30D6EFF76FF6DF33A58E4" box="[176,303,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.422">0.422 mm</quantity>
), 23- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA30D6EFEADFF6DF3E958E4" box="[363,508,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2008-07-01">
VII-2008, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFE2BFF6DF3E958E4" box="[493,508,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
</date>
specimen (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFD41FF6DF0DE58E4" box="[647,715,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFD15FF6DF0FA58E4" box="[723,751,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P-</collectionCode>
24843); 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFC92FF6DF1E158E4" box="[852,1012,152,178]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="53.69348">53°41.609' N</geoCoordinate>
6° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFBD2FF6DF69D58E4" box="[1044,1160,152,178]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="29.839">29.839 E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA30D6EFB50FF6DF6F858E4" box="[1174,1261,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3899999999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="23.9">23.9 m</quantity>
, medium sand (d50 = 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA30D6EFF33FF4FF36E5882" box="[245,379,186,212]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.313">0.313 mm</quantity>
), 23- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA30D6EFE7DFF4FF0405882" box="[443,597,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2008-07-04">
VII-2008, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFD83FF4FF0405882" box="[581,597,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">4</specimenCount>
</date>
specimens (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFD32FF4FF12E5882" box="[756,827,186,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFC82FF4FF1745882" box="[836,865,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P-</collectionCode>
24844). 
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA30D6EFC0AFF4FF6D75885" box="[972,1218,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mediterranean Sea</emphasis>
: Gulf of Naples: 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFF51FF28F32D58A1" box="[151,312,221,247]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="40.76645">40°45.987' N</geoCoordinate>
14° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFEA3FF28F3CF58A1" box="[357,474,221,247]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="22.445">22.445 E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA30D6EFE21FF28F03D58A1" box="[487,552,221,247]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
, silty sand, 22- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA30D6EFD26FF28F17158A1" box="[736,868,221,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2005-03-02">
III-2005, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFC93FF28F17158A1" box="[853,868,221,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
</date>
specimens (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFC3CFF28F62B58A1" box="[1018,1086,221,247]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFB81FF28F67658A1" box="[1095,1123,221,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P-</collectionCode>
24832); Litorale Domitio: 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFF51FEF5F32E594C" box="[151,315,256,282]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="40.955616">40°57.337' N</geoCoordinate>
13° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFEACFEF5F3F6594C" box="[362,483,256,282]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="59.505">59.505 E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA30D6EFE37FEF5F031594C" box="[497,548,256,282]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
, fine sand, 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA30D6EFD72FEF5F144594C" box="[692,849,256,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2003-08-09">
VIII-2003, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFC84FEF5F144594C" box="[834,849,256,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">9</specimenCount>
</date>
specimens (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFC2DFEF5F624594C" box="[1003,1073,256,282]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFBFCFEF5F643594C" box="[1082,1110,256,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P-</collectionCode>
24833), Costa del Azahar: between cabo de San Antonio and Puerto de Valencia [
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFCD2FED7F1A4596A" box="[788,945,290,316]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="39.45855">39°27.513' N</geoCoordinate>
0° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFC16FED7F65F596A" box="[976,1098,290,316]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-18.846">18.846 W</geoCoordinate>
], 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFB98FED7F6F7596A" box="[1118,1250,290,316]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFB37FED7F75E596A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1265,1355,290,316]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNCN</collectionCode>
16.01/ 2653), 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFF2DFEB0F37A5909" box="[235,367,325,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFE46FEB0F3CF5909" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[384,474,325,351]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNCN</collectionCode>
16.01/2620), 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFD46FEB0F1105909" box="[640,773,325,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFCD3FEB0F17A5909" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[789,879,325,351]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNCN</collectionCode>
16.01/2891); Costa del Sol: Nerja, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFADCFEB0F2B959D4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="36.745983">36°44.759' N</geoCoordinate>
3° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFF0FFE9DF35259D4" box="[201,327,360,386]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-43.856">43.856 W</geoCoordinate>
], 14- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA30D6EFE46FE9DF01659D4" box="[384,515,360,386]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1983-06-01">
VI-1983, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFE33FE9DF01659D4" box="[501,515,360,386]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
</date>
specimen (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFD4FFE9DF0F659D4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[649,739,360,386]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNCN</collectionCode>
16.01/9855); Punta de Torrox [
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFB90FE9DF6E159D4" box="[1110,1268,360,386]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="36.7139">36°42.834' N</geoCoordinate>
3° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFAD4FE9DF78559D4" box="[1298,1424,360,386]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-57.229">57.229 W</geoCoordinate>
], 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA30D6EFF51FE7FF31859F2" box="[151,269,394,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1995-02-01">
II-1995, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFF38FE7FF31859F2" box="[254,269,394,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
</date>
specimen (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFE55FE7FF3F859F2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[403,493,394,420]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNCN</collectionCode>
16.01/8754), Asturias: [
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFCCDFE7FF1BF59F2" box="[779,938,394,420]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="36.7139">36°42.834' N</geoCoordinate>
3° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFC0EFE7FF65359F2" box="[968,1094,394,420]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-57.229">57.229 W</geoCoordinate>
], 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFB9CFE7FF6F559F2" box="[1114,1248,394,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFB29FE7FF75C59F2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1263,1353,394,420]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNCN</collectionCode>
16.01/ 9918); 
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA30D6EFF2BFE58F36E5990" box="[237,379,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aegean Sea</emphasis>
: Izmir Bay [
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFDD3FE58F0AD5991" box="[533,696,429,455]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="38.43225">38°25.935' N</geoCoordinate>
27° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFD2EFE58F1495991" box="[744,860,429,455]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="3.271">03.271 E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA30D6EFCB4FE58F1A75991" box="[882,946,429,455]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="24.0">24 m</quantity>
, muddy sand, 13- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA30D6EFB40FE58F7365991" box="[1158,1315,429,455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2001-08-01">
VIII-2001, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFAD2FE58F7365991" box="[1300,1315,429,455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1</specimenCount>
</date>
specimen (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFF59FE25F2F159BC" box="[159,228,464,490]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFF2AFE25F31D59BC" box="[236,264,464,490]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P-</collectionCode>
24836), Mersin Bay [
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFDCDFE25F0BA59BC" box="[523,687,464,490]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="36.78305">36°46.983' N</geoCoordinate>
34° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFD19FE25F14059BC" box="[735,853,464,490]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="36.817">36.817 E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA30D6EFCADFE25F18959BC" box="[875,924,464,490]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
, mud, 17- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA30D6EFBD2FE25F68859BC" box="[1044,1181,464,490]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2005-09-03">
IX-2005, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFB48FE25F68859BC" box="[1166,1181,464,490]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">3</specimenCount>
</date>
specimens (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFAF2FE25F76C59BC" box="[1332,1401,464,490]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFA47FE25F78959BC" box="[1409,1436,464,490]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P-</collectionCode>
24834), Iskenderun Bay: [
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFE01FE07F0705A5A" box="[455,613,498,524]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="36.742683">36°44.561' N</geoCoordinate>
35° 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3536B6FFA30D6EFD54FE07F1165A5A" box="[658,771,498,524]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="42.783">42.783 E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<quantity id="4CF9FD94FFA30D6EFCDEFE07F1435A5A" box="[792,854,498,524]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
, muddy sand, 10- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA30D6EFBE5FE07F6B25A5A" box="[1059,1191,498,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2005-09-02">
IX-2005, 
<specimenCount id="9D079BF8FFA30D6EFB5EFE07F6B25A5A" box="[1176,1191,498,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
</date>
specimens (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFAF1FE07F76F5A5A" box="[1335,1402,498,524]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMH</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFA47FE07F78E5A5A" box="[1409,1435,498,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P-</collectionCode>
24835), [
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35° 
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], 
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, muddy sand, 10- 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFA30D6EFC9AFDE0F1CB5A79" box="[860,990,533,559]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2005-09-06">
IX-2005, 
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</date>
specimens (
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<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFB7CFDE0F6C05A79" box="[1210,1237,533,559]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P-</collectionCode>
24837).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7E00F9FFA30D6EFF51F9FCF6805E17" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191150/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[528,983,611,1544]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFA30D6EFF51F9FCF6805E17" blockId="7.[151,1437,1545,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA30D6EFF51F9FCF30F5E77" bold="true" box="[151,282,1545,1569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFA30D6EFEE7F9FFF0D15E77" authority="Claparede, 1870" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1870" box="[289,708,1546,1569]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA30D6EFEE7F9FFF3E25E77" box="[289,503,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spiophanes bombyx</emphasis>
(Claparède, 1870)
</taxonomicName>
: Chaetiger 10 
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA30D6EFC9FF9FCF1735E77" bold="true" box="[857,870,1545,1569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">–</emphasis>
18, dorsal view, methyl green stained nuchal organs. 
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA30D6EFF51F9DCF2A75E17" bold="true" box="[151,178,1577,1601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">—</emphasis>
Specimen from Turkey, Iskenderum Bay, sublittoral, leg. E. Dagli, Sep 2005. Scale: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFA30D6EFF00F999F3BE5E9A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1644,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA30D6EFF00F999F3C15ED0" bold="true" box="[198,468,1644,1670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Additional material.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFA30D6EFE2AF999F6485ED0" authority="Webster &amp; Benedict, 1884" authorityName="Webster &amp; Benedict" authorityYear="1884" box="[492,1117,1644,1670]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="verrilli">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA30D6EFE2AF999F0CE5ED3" box="[492,731,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spiophanes verrilli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFA30D6EFD35F999F6485ED0" author="Webster" box="[755,1117,1644,1670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Webster, H. E. &amp; Benedict, J. E. (1884) The Annelida Chaetopoda from Provincetown and Wellfleet, Mass. United States Fisheries and Wildlife Service Biological Report, 1881, 699 - 747." type="journal article" year="1884">Webster &amp; Benedict, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. North Atlantic Ocean, 
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA30D6EFF51F97AF3565EFE" box="[151,323,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Massachusetts</emphasis>
: Provincetown, Wellfleet, intertidal, 5 slides with several chaetigers, 1 middle and 1 posterior fragment (
<collectionCode id="ED10C8B4FFA30D6EFED6F947F3725E9A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[272,359,1714,1740]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USNM</collectionCode>
480).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B03FAFFA30D63FF00F921F0EE596A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFA30D6EFF00F921F7895FB7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1644,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFA30D6EFF00F921F34A5EB8" bold="true" box="[198,351,1748,1774]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</emphasis>
Examined specimens between 0.2 and 
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in width. Prostomium broad anteriorly, subtriangular, with long, digitiform anterolateral horns (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFA30D6EFCEEF902F1655F47" box="[808,880,1783,1809]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[289,1297,860,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[289,1299,860,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Chaetigers 9 – 15 with dorsal ciliated organs and dorsal ciliated crests, dorsal view. — Specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008. Scale: in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191149/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Occipital antenna absent. Usually two pairs of black or red eyes present. Dorsal ciliated organs starting posterior to the prostomium as continuous ciliated bands to the end of chaetiger 2, thereafter as pair of segmental ciliated patches increasing in size, eventually becoming pairs of almost straight short ciliated bands until about chaetiger 15; after chaetiger 15 ciliated bands often slightly shorter, sometimes comma-shaped or slightly oblique; application of Shirlastain A reveals additional thin transverse ciliary bands between metameric ciliated patches; metameric dorsal ciliated organs extending well into the abdominal region but not present on posteriormost chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFA30D6EFB42F832F6C05FB7" box="[1156,1237,1991,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[289,1297,860,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[289,1299,860,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Chaetigers 9 – 15 with dorsal ciliated organs and dorsal ciliated crests, dorsal view. — Specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008. Scale: in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191149/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
A–B, 3, 4D, 
<tableCitation id="C68365CAFFA30D6EFAAFF832F7895FB7" box="[1385,1436,1991,2017]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,240,394,418]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of important morphological characters of Spiophanes species similar to S. bombyx, additional thin transverse cilia bands observed in S. bombyx, S. norrisi sp. nov. and S. cf. uschakowi are not drawn; S. verilli Webster &amp; Benedict, 1884 not included since status unresolved; * = observations based on limited number of specimens." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tab.</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAC0D61FF51FF6DF33859D4" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
2). Peristomium moderately developed. First parapodium oriented dorsally; postchaetal lamellae subulate, of about same length in neuro- and notopodium (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAC0D61FD7DFF4FF1165882" box="[699,771,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[289,1297,860,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[289,1299,860,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Chaetigers 9 – 15 with dorsal ciliated organs and dorsal ciliated crests, dorsal view. — Specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008. Scale: in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191149/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Parapodia of chaetigers 
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dorsolateral to lateral position; postchaetal notopodial lamellae subulate; neuropodial postchaetal lamellae subtriangular to rounded. Chaetigers 5–8 with short, subtriangular notopodial and reduced neuropodial postchaetal lamellae (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAC0D61FAE9FEF5F762594C" box="[1327,1399,256,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Chaetigers 4 – 9 with openings of glandular organs on chaetigers 5, 7, 8, 9, lateral view. B. Neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 16, dorsal apical view. C. Chaetigers 9 – 11, lateral view. D. Posterior end with stout curved notochaeta, dorsal view. — A, B, D specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008; C specimen from the Gulf of Naples, depth 20 m, leg. P. Lanera, March 2005. Scale: in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191151/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). From chaetiger 9, notopodial postchaetal lamellae subtriangular to cirriform with broad base; neuropodial lamellae reduced (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAC0D61FEB6FEB0F3A95909" box="[368,444,325,351]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[289,1297,860,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[289,1299,860,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Chaetigers 9 – 15 with dorsal ciliated organs and dorsal ciliated crests, dorsal view. — Specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008. Scale: in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191149/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 2</figureCitation>
B, 3). From chaetiger 15, notopodial postchaetal lamellae cirriform with broad base (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAC0D61FF59FE9DF2FF59D4" box="[159,234,360,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[528,983,611,1544]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[523,1011,577,1567]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): Chaetiger 10 – 18, dorsal view, methyl green stained nuchal organs. — Specimen from Turkey, Iskenderum Bay, sublittoral, leg. E. Dagli, Sep 2005. Scale: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191150/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAC0D61FF3EFE9DF31D59D4" box="[248,264,360,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Chaetigers 4 – 9 with openings of glandular organs on chaetigers 5, 7, 8, 9, lateral view. B. Neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 16, dorsal apical view. C. Chaetigers 9 – 11, lateral view. D. Posterior end with stout curved notochaeta, dorsal view. — A, B, D specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008; C specimen from the Gulf of Naples, depth 20 m, leg. P. Lanera, March 2005. Scale: in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191151/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAC0D61FF51FA23F2D75E3B" blockId="8.[151,1436,1494,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAC0D61FF51FA23F30C5DB8" bold="true" box="[151,281,1494,1518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAC0D61FEE7FA22F0D65DBB" authority="Claparede, 1870" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1870" box="[289,707,1494,1518]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAC0D61FEE7FA22F3E35DB8" box="[289,502,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spiophanes bombyx</emphasis>
(Claparède, 1870)
</taxonomicName>
: A. Chaetigers 4–9 with openings of glandular organs on chaetigers 5, 7, 8, 9, lateral view. B. Neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 16, dorsal apical view. C. Chaetigers 9–11, lateral view. D. Posterior end with stout curved notochaeta, dorsal view. — A, B, D specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008; C specimen from the Gulf of Naples, depth 20 m, leg. P. Lanera, March 2005. Scale: in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAC0D61FF00F96CF7535F49" blockId="8.[151,1436,1689,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Chaetal spreader “0+1 
<typeStatus id="54BAEED3FFAC0D61FE1FF96CF01B5EE5" box="[473,526,1689,1715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
” usually with undulate opening well developed on chaetigers 5, 7 and 8; on chaetiger 6 opening of glandular organ reduced to a short slit; on chaetigers 9–14 (or sometimes 
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small juvenile specimens) openings as lateral vertical slits (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAC0D61FCF7F914F1695EAD" box="[817,892,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Chaetigers 4 – 9 with openings of glandular organs on chaetigers 5, 7, 8, 9, lateral view. B. Neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 16, dorsal apical view. C. Chaetigers 9 – 11, lateral view. D. Posterior end with stout curved notochaeta, dorsal view. — A, B, D specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008; C specimen from the Gulf of Naples, depth 20 m, leg. P. Lanera, March 2005. Scale: in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191151/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A, C). Ventrolateral intersegmental pouches absent. Dorsal ciliated crests present from chaetiger 3, increasing in size in further posterior segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAC0D60FF00F8DCF0475909" blockId="8.[151,1436,1689,2033]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,351]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Chaetiger 1 usually with one stout, crook-like chaeta in each neuropodium; remainder of chaetae all capillaries; hirsute under SEM and appearing granulated when viewed with light microscopy; notochaetae arranged in a tuft; neurochaetae in two rows. Chaetigers 2–4 with capillaries with narrow but distinct sheath in both neuro- and notopodia; hirsute (SEM) or appearing granulated (light microscopy); notochaetae arranged in a tuft; neurochaetae arranged in two rows. Notochaetae of chaetigers 5–14 sheathed capillaries, arranged in three rows; neuropodia with stout sheathed capillaries, distally pointed, in one or two rows. Neuropodial hooks with partially reduced hood first present from chaetiger 15, sometimes small juvenile specimens with neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 14 (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAD0D60FD9CFF4FF08A5882" box="[602,671,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,255,889,913]" captionTargetBox="[195,1391,197,865]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[195,1392,194,865]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. First presence of neuropodial hooks in relation to body width on chaetiger 4 in both Spiophanes bombyx and S. norrisi sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191154/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
left); hooks quadridentate, with main fang surmounted by single unpaired tooth and pair of smaller distal teeth, additional small teeth sometimes present (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAD0D60FB62FF28F6FE58A1" box="[1188,1259,221,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Chaetigers 4 – 9 with openings of glandular organs on chaetigers 5, 7, 8, 9, lateral view. B. Neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 16, dorsal apical view. C. Chaetigers 9 – 11, lateral view. D. Posterior end with stout curved notochaeta, dorsal view. — A, B, D specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008; C specimen from the Gulf of Naples, depth 20 m, leg. P. Lanera, March 2005. Scale: in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191151/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B); 4–11 hooks arranged in a single row, number depending on specimen size (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAD0D60FC5FFEF5F1F1594C" box="[921,996,256,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,256,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[262,1328,1004,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[259,1328,1001,1800]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Number of neuropodial hooks in relation to body width on chaetiger 4 in both Spiophanes bombyx and S. norrisi sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191155/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); notopodia with narrowly sheathed capillaries. Ventral sabre chaetae first present in hook-bearing chaetigers. Stout, curved notochaetae in far posterior parapodia present (
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAD0D60FE20FEB0F0395909" box="[486,556,325,351]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1494,1518]" captionTargetBox="[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[221,1374,431,1482]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870): A. Chaetigers 4 – 9 with openings of glandular organs on chaetigers 5, 7, 8, 9, lateral view. B. Neuropodial hooks from chaetiger 16, dorsal apical view. C. Chaetigers 9 – 11, lateral view. D. Posterior end with stout curved notochaeta, dorsal view. — A, B, D specimens from the North Sea, German Bight, depth 24 m, leg. K. Meißner, Jul 2008; C specimen from the Gulf of Naples, depth 20 m, leg. P. Lanera, March 2005. Scale: in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191151/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7E00F9FFAD0D60FF51FE7FF78F59B3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAD0D60FF51FE7FF78F59B3" blockId="9.[151,1437,394,485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FF51FE7FF31E59F4" bold="true" box="[151,267,394,418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of important morphological characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FCA1FE7FF1F159F7" box="[871,996,394,417]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FCA1FE7FF1F159F7" box="[871,996,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spiophanes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FB77FE7FF73459F7" box="[1201,1313,394,417]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FB77FE7FF73459F7" box="[1201,1313,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. bombyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, additional thin transverse cilia bands observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FD88FE5FF0D45997" box="[590,705,426,449]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FD88FE5FF0D45997" box="[590,705,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. bombyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FD16FE5FF12C5997" box="[720,825,426,449]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="norrisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FD16FE5FF12C5997" box="[720,825,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. norrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FC87FE5FF18E5994" bold="true" box="[833,923,426,450]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2463118FFAD0D60FC87FE5FF18E5994" box="[833,923,426,450]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FC15FE5FF69C5997" box="[979,1161,426,449]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakowi">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FC15FE5FF1FD5997" box="[979,1000,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FBD2FE5FF69C5997" box="[1044,1161,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">uschakowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not drawn; 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FAFAFE5FF3A459B3" authority="Webster &amp; Benedict, 1884" authorityName="Webster &amp; Benedict" authorityYear="1884" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="verilli">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FAFAFE5FF7885997" box="[1340,1437,426,449]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. verilli</emphasis>
Webster &amp; Benedict, 1884
</taxonomicName>
not included since status unresolved; *= observations based on limited number of specimens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAD0D60FE76FCA2F4175B3B" blockId="9.[432,1538,855,878]" box="[432,1538,855,878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FE76FCA2F4175B3B" bold="true" box="[432,1538,855,878]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FE76FCA2F1BE5B3B" bold="true" box="[432,939,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FE76FCA2F00F5B3B" box="[432,538,855,877]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">S. bombyx</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FD69FCA2F11B5B3B" box="[687,782,855,877]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="norrisi">S. norrisi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FC51FCA2F1BE5B3B" box="[919,939,855,877]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="uschakowi">S.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FC17FCA2F4175B3B" bold="true" box="[977,1538,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
uschakowi 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FB55FCA2F7205B3B" box="[1171,1333,855,877]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aucklandicus">S. aucklandicus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAD0D60FA44FCA2F4175B3B" box="[1410,1538,855,877]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="anoculata">S. anoculata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAD0D60FC75FC6BF7845BFE" blockId="9.[124,1531,926,1332]" box="[947,1425,926,936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1 1 1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAD0D60FE72FC56F0A15BFB" blockId="9.[124,1531,926,1332]" box="[436,692,931,941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1 1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAD0D60FE72FC4FF7845C62" blockId="9.[124,1531,926,1332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAD0D60FFBAFBB6F7845C19" blockId="9.[124,1531,926,1332]" box="[124,1425,1091,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FFBAFBB6F3005C0F" bold="true" box="[124,277,1091,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dorsal ciliated</emphasis>
7 7 7 7 7
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAD0D63FFBAFB95F13D58E4" blockId="9.[124,1531,926,1332]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,1183]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FFBAFB95F2D65C20" bold="true" box="[124,195,1120,1142]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">organs</emphasis>
8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 
<date id="FFBF76B1FFAD0D60FB6BFB83F3A85CCC" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1910-09-09">9 9 10</date>
<date id="FFBF76B1FFAD0D60FD6DFB65F6A35CC0" box="[683,1206,1164,1178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1910-10-10">10 10 10</date>
<date id="FFBF76B1FFAD0D60FA4EFB79F0A35CF9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1911-11-10">10 11 11</date>
<date id="FFBF76B1FFAD0D60FC76FB57F7865CFD" box="[944,1427,1185,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1911-11-11">11 11 11</date>
<date id="FFBF76B1FFAD0D60FE77FB4EF1A95C95" box="[433,956,1209,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1912-12-12">12 12 12</date>
<date id="FFBF76B1FFAD0D60FB6CFB42F3A85C8C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1913-12-12">12 12 13</date>
13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 * 18 * 18 * Pygidium usually with two thin, cirriform anal cirri.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAD0D60FFBAFABAF7825EE7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table id="F901A2D1FFADF296FFBAFABAF4185EE7" box="[124,1549,1359,1713]" gridcols="6" gridrows="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="35315233FFADF296FFBAFABAF4185DD4" box="[124,1549,1359,1410]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76E03B4FFFADF296FFBAFABAF3515DD4" box="[124,324,1359,1410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FFBAFABAF3085DD4" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chaetal spreader fully developed</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76E03B4FFFADF296FEBEFABAF0505DD4" box="[376,581,1359,1410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">on chaetigers 5,7,8</th>
<th id="76E03B4FFFADF296FDAEFABAF1595DD4" box="[616,844,1359,1410]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">on chaetigers 5,7,8</th>
<th id="76E03B4FFFADF296FCADFABAF64C5DD4" box="[875,1113,1359,1410]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">on chaetigers 5,7,8 *</th>
<th id="76E03B4FFFADF296FB46FABAF72F5DD4" box="[1152,1338,1359,1410]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">on chaetigers 5,7,8</th>
<th id="76E03B4FFFADF296FA98FABAF4185DD4" box="[1374,1549,1359,1410]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">on chaetigers 5-8</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35315233FFADF296FFBAFA54F4185D85" box="[124,1549,1441,1491]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76E03B4FFFADF296FFBAFA54F3515D85" box="[124,324,1441,1491]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FFBAFA45F31A5D90" bold="true" box="[124,271,1456,1478]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sabre chaetae</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FEBEFA54F0505D85" box="[376,581,1441,1491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">only in hook-bearing chaetigers</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FDAEFA54F1595D85" box="[616,844,1441,1491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">from chaetiger 10 (rarely from 9 th)</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FCADFA54F64C5D85" box="[875,1113,1441,1491]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">from chaetiger 9 or 10 *</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FB46FA54F72F5D85" box="[1152,1338,1441,1491]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">only in hook- bearing chaetigers</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FA98FA54F4185D85" box="[1374,1549,1441,1491]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">from chaetiger 4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35315233FFADF296FFBAFA06F4185E14" box="[124,1549,1523,1602]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76E03B4FFFADF296FFBAFA06F3515E14" box="[124,324,1523,1602]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FFBAF9E5F3515E70" bold="true" box="[124,324,1552,1574]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Neuropodial hooks</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FEBEFA06F0505E14" box="[376,581,1523,1602]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">from chaetiger 15 (14) (depending on specimen size)</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FDAEFA06F1595E14" box="[616,844,1523,1602]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">from chaetiger (13), 14 or 15 (depending on specimen size)</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FCADFA06F64C5E14" box="[875,1113,1523,1602]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">from chaetiger 15 *</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FB46FA06F72F5E14" box="[1152,1338,1523,1602]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">from chaetiger 14</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FA98FA06F4185E14" box="[1374,1549,1523,1602]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">from chaetiger 15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35315233FFADF296FFBAF997F4185EE7" box="[124,1549,1634,1713]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76E03B4FFFADF296FFBAF997F3515EE7" box="[124,324,1634,1713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAD0D60FFBAF984F3555EF5" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Number of neuropodial hooks</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FEBEF997F0505EE7" box="[376,581,1634,1713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4-11</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FDAEF997F1595EE7" box="[616,844,1634,1713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4-10</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FCADF997F64C5EE7" box="[875,1113,1634,1713]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6-7*</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FB46F997F72F5EE7" box="[1152,1338,1634,1713]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6-13</td>
<td id="76E03B4FFFADF296FA98F997F4185EE7" box="[1374,1549,1634,1713]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6-8 (Blake 1996) 8-12 (Hartman 1969)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAE0D63FF00FF4FF3E1594C" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FF00FF4FF3605882" bold="true" box="[198,373,186,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pigmentation.</emphasis>
Reddish pigment in neuropodia often visible in chaetigers of the middle body region; sometimes also present in neuropodia of chaetigers 15–18. Some specimens with brownish pigment on the prostomium close to the eyes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAE0D63FF00FED7F0EE596A" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1183]" box="[198,763,290,316]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FF00FED7F057596A" bold="true" box="[198,578,290,316]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Methyl green staining pattern.</emphasis>
Inconspicuous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B03FAFFAE0D63FF00FEB0F3D859F2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAE0D63FF00FEB0F3D859F2" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FF00FEB0F33F5909" bold="true" box="[198,298,325,351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Biology.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFAE0D63FEF4FEB0F3FE5909" author="Hannerz" box="[306,491,325,351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" refString="Hannerz, L. 1956. Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mesnil and Poecilochaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden). Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala 31, 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1956">Hannerz (1956)</bibRefCitation>
in a paper about the larval development of 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FC2BFEB0F6735908" box="[1005,1126,325,350]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FC2BFEB0F6735908" box="[1005,1126,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. bombyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with detailed descriptions of the morphology of the different larval stages reports planktonic larvae to occur between April to December in Swedish coastal waters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B03FAFFAE0D63FF00FE58F3F05CC9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAE0D63FF00FE58F6BD5B12" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FF00FE58F3555991" bold="true" box="[198,320,429,455]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FE97FE58F3C65990" box="[337,467,429,454]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FE97FE58F3C65990" box="[337,467,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. bombyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all other 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FC06FE58F6525990" box="[960,1095,429,454]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FC06FE58F6525990" box="[960,1095,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Spiophanes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the North and Mediterranean Seas by its strikingly long anterolateral horns, the chaetal spreaders of the “0+1 
<typeStatus id="54BAEED3FFAE0D63FADBFE25F74159BC" box="[1309,1364,464,490]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
” with undulate opening fully developed on chaetigers 5, 7, and 8, the dorsal ciliated organs starting as two short continuous bands extending to the end of chaetiger 2 followed by metameric patches in a species-specific pattern (see species description above), the exclusive presence of sabre chaetae in hook-bearing chaetigers, and the presence of partially hooded hooks in neuropodia of the posterior body region. Differences between morphologically similar species from other geographic regions most importantly concern the orientation of the dorsal ciliated patches on chaetigers of the middle and posterior body region (
<tableCitation id="C68365CAFFAE0D63FB60FD55F6EF5AEC" box="[1190,1274,672,698]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,240,394,418]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of important morphological characters of Spiophanes species similar to S. bombyx, additional thin transverse cilia bands observed in S. bombyx, S. norrisi sp. nov. and S. cf. uschakowi are not drawn; S. verilli Webster &amp; Benedict, 1884 not included since status unresolved; * = observations based on limited number of specimens." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
), the start of neuropodial hooks on chaetiger 15 (on chaetiger 14 only in small juvenile specimens) as well as the restriction of sabre chaetae to hook-bearing chaetigers. In addition, the number of neuropodial hooks is lower in 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FA43FD10F2E75B77" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FA43FD10F2E75B77" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. bombyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FE57FCFDF05D5B77" box="[401,584,776,801]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aucklandicus">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FE57FCFDF05D5B77" box="[401,584,776,801]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. aucklandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
if comparing specimens of same size (see Meißner 2005); no differences in regard to this character were found between 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FD78FCDFF1225B15" box="[702,823,810,835]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FD78FCDFF1225B15" box="[702,823,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. bombyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FCB6FCDFF1C85B15" box="[880,989,810,835]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="norrisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FCB6FCDFF1C85B15" box="[880,989,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. norrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FC22FCDFF6575B12" bold="true" box="[996,1090,810,836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2463118FFAE0D63FC22FCDFF6575B12" box="[996,1090,810,836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133A4CF4FFAE0D63FB97FCDFF68C5B12" box="[1105,1177,810,836]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,256,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[262,1328,1004,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[259,1328,1001,1800]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Number of neuropodial hooks in relation to body width on chaetiger 4 in both Spiophanes bombyx and S. norrisi sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191155/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAE0D63FF00FCB8F1435BFA" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FF00FCB8F3555B30" box="[198,320,845,870]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FF00FCB8F3555B30" box="[198,320,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. bombyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can no longer be regarded as a species with a world-wide distribution. The distribution might be wider than reflected by the records from the North and Mediterranean Seas confirmed here, but the status of 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FF70FC67F33A5BFD" box="[182,303,914,939]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FF70FC67F33A5BFD" box="[182,303,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. bombyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a cosmopolitan species has to be dismissed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAE0D63FF00FC40F6935C0C" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FE5AFC40F15C5B99" authority="Webster &amp; Benedict, 1884" authorityName="Webster &amp; Benedict" authorityYear="1884" box="[412,841,949,975]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="verrilli">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FE5AFC40F01E5B98" box="[412,523,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. verrilli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF902D80FFAE0D63FDD4FC40F15C5B99" author="Webster" box="[530,841,949,975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" refString="Webster, H. E. &amp; Benedict, J. E. (1884) The Annelida Chaetopoda from Provincetown and Wellfleet, Mass. United States Fisheries and Wildlife Service Biological Report, 1881, 699 - 747." type="journal article" year="1884">Webster &amp; Benedict, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Wellfleet, Massachusetts with 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FB33FC40F7785B98" box="[1269,1389,949,974]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bombyx">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FB33FC40F7785B98" box="[1269,1389,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. bombyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has to be verified in future studies based on the investigation of material from the 
<typeStatus id="54BAEED3FFAE0D63FBFCFC2DF6785BA4" box="[1082,1133,984,1010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
locality (also see chapter Discussion in this paper). The 
<typeStatus id="54BAEED3FFAE0D63FDC6FC0FF0265C42" box="[512,563,1018,1044]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C012BF2FFAE0D63FD04FC0FF1275C45" box="[706,818,1018,1043]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spiophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="verrilli">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FD04FC0FF1275C45" box="[706,818,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. verrilli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was investigated by the first author but its study did not allow final conclusions since important characters are not observable any longer. It consists of five permanent slides with several chaetigers, plus one middle and one posterior fragment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBE5071FFAE0D63FF00FB97F3F05CC9" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B9758C63FFAE0D63FF00FB97F0075C2A" bold="true" box="[198,530,1122,1148]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
North Atlantic Ocean: along European coasts, Mediterranean Sea. In shallow waters up to subtidal depths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>