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<document id="79E953D3C155057D21E317641D77FF09" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275104" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2f262c6b-2bcf-44d6-90f8-a0e6219fb709" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275104" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461102477301" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gammoudi, Mehrez, Tekaya, Saïda &amp; Noreña, Carolina" docDate="2009" docId="C66287943338FF85FF42466F8BEDFC57" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02195p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2195" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Echinoplana celerrima Haswell 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="3A5BFFEC333AFF83FFD544798F66FFE0" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of Acotylean Polyclads (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida) from Tunisian Coasts" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698591875559" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7C80C91837A7860C0C38A647CD53B9AF">Contribution to the knowledge of Acotylean Polyclads (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida) from Tunisian Coasts</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7C8A58393C75173312AADF3E6C43FAB6">Gammoudi, Mehrez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BAD9A28C2B5F2C3BD87F674C9FDBFC4B">Tekaya, Saïda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE07B9BE8BB77F916F14DB6762A16F72">Noreña, Carolina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A40B5BB018DCD2004BBA8497B5B0FF79">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="70A78E51592976696121EE903D65C58D">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B2A2AB9521B32D9E34BD413F3DD6920E">2195</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C66287943338FF85FF42466F8BEDFC57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6213981" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119622247" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6213981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C66287943338FF85FF42466F8BEDFC57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C66287943338FF85FF42466F8BEDFC57" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="06D165093338FF81FF42466F8E50FDB3" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF42466F8D07FDD0" blockId="2.[151,609,534,595]" box="[151,609,534,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="153C81EE3338FF81FF42466F8D07FDD0" bold="true" box="[151,609,534,560]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D013338FF81FF42466F8D07FDD0" ID-CoL="38JTY" authority="Haswell, 1907" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,609,534,560]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Echinoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celerrima">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA903338FF81FF42466F8D07FDD0" bold="true" box="[151,609,534,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA903338FF81FF42466F8EC8FDD0" bold="true" box="[151,430,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Echinoplana celerrima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B733338FF81FE60466F8D07FDD0" author="Haswell" box="[437,609,534,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1907) Observations on Australian polyclads. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, 9, 465 - 485." type="journal article" year="1907">Haswell, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF4246408E50FDB3" blockId="2.[151,609,534,595]" box="[151,310,569,595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
(
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FF4A46408E4AFDB3" box="[159,300,569,595]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,255,1757,1781]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,255,815,839]" captionTargetBox-0="[302,1277,190,1897]" captionTargetBox-1="[248,1340,202,1719]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1434,359,780]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[292,1288,177,1907]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[243,1345,194,1724]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,351,794]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Echinoplana celerrima: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Echinoplana celerrima: A: cirrus with sclerotized spines, B: detail of spines, C: prostatic vesicle, D: prostatic vesicle section showing radial folds, E: seminal vesicle, F: section showing the comb-shaped pattern of the corrugated surface, G: female apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen showing developed Lang’s vesicle and ductus vaginalis." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Echinoplana celerrima: reconstruction of copulatory apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen. a f p: accessory female pore, c r: cirrus, c s: corrugated surface, d v: ductus vaginalis, f p: female pore, L v: Lang’s vesicle, mp: male pore, p v: prostatic vesicle, s g: shell glands, s v: seminal vesicle, v: vagina." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/275106/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/275107/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06D165093338FF81FF4246FF8DABFCF4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF4246FF8BE7FD27" blockId="2.[151,1437,646,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA903338FF81FF4246FF8EDDFD40" bold="true" box="[151,443,646,672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="36DC76123338FF81FE8346FF8ED0FD40" box="[342,438,646,672]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Several specimens were collected from the lagoon of
<collectingCountry id="36DC76123338FF81FBE146FF8B1CFD40" box="[1076,1146,646,672]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Tunis</collectingCountry>
: a natural lagoon located between the city of
<collectingCountry id="36DC76123338FF81FEAB46D48EA6FD27" box="[382,448,685,711]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Tunis</collectingCountry>
and the Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="36DC76123338FF81FD5546D48DA3FD27" box="[640,709,685,711]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Tunis</collectingCountry>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="2BFF50453338FF81FD0C46D48CC5FD27" box="[729,931,685,711]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="36.806778">36°48 ' 24.40&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="2BFF50453338FF81FC7B46D48B15FD27" box="[942,1139,685,711]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="10.248481">10°14 ' 54.53&quot; E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF1346AA8DABFCF4" blockId="2.[151,1437,646,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA903338FF81FF1346AA8EF5FD0D" bold="true" box="[198,403,723,749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Other localities:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="36DC76123338FF81FE4B46AD8D68FD0E" box="[414,526,724,750]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Australia</collectingCountry>
:
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B733338FF81FDC946AD8DBEFD0E" author="Haswell" box="[540,728,724,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1907) Observations on Australian polyclads. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, 9, 465 - 485." type="journal article" year="1907">Haswell (1907)</bibRefCitation>
, Johnston &amp; Lee (2008).
<collectingCountry id="36DC76123338FF81FBC146AD8BDFFD0E" box="[1044,1209,724,750]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
:
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B733338FF81FB1D46AD8AFFFD0E" author="Holleman" box="[1224,1433,724,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Holleman, J. J. (2007) Some New Zealand Polyclads (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida). Zootaxa, 1560, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="2007">Holleman (2007)</bibRefCitation>
.
<collectingCountry id="36DC76123338FF81FF4246838FB7FCF4" box="[151,209,762,788]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Italy</collectingCountry>
:
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B733338FF81FF0946838EECFCF4" author="Galleni" box="[220,394,762,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Galleni, L., Salghetti, U. &amp; Tongiorgi, P. (1979) Ricerche sui predatori dei mitili. La progressione della predazione nel policlade Stylochus mediterraneus. - Atti della Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali - Memorie (B), 86, suppl." type="book chapter" year="1979">Galleni (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B733338FF81FE4346838DAFFCF4" author="Ballarin" box="[406,713,762,788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Ballarin, L. &amp; Galleni, L. (1984) Larval development in Echinoplana celerrima. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 103, 31 - 37." type="journal article" year="1984">Ballarin &amp; Galleni (1984)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06D165093338FF81FF1347598B5CFC82" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF1347598B5CFC82" blockId="2.[151,1437,646,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA903338FF81FF1347598E5BFCDA" bold="true" box="[198,317,800,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Material:</emphasis>
Of
<specimenCount id="58CDFD0B3338FF81FEB847588D68FCDB" box="[365,526,801,827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
sectioned sagittally, two were fully sexually mature. The material examined was deposited in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (
<collectingCountry id="36DC76123338FF81FC3047318B48FC82" box="[997,1070,840,866]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Spain</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06D165093338FF86FF1347178AEAF876" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF1347178D92FB77" blockId="2.[151,1437,646,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA903338FF81FF1347178E07FC68" bold="true" box="[198,353,878,904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Description:</emphasis>
Oval shaped body, brownish colour. A median dark band is present on the dorsal surface (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FF4A47EC8F87FC4F" box="[159,225,917,943]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[302,1277,190,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[292,1288,177,1907]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Echinoplana celerrima: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). The length of the living specimens collected varies between 10 and
<quantity id="89339B673338FF81FBFB47EC8BE6FC4F" box="[1070,1152,917,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
and the width from
<quantity id="89339B673338FF81FABA47EC8F96FC36" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 18 mm</quantity>
. Tentacles typical to the family are lacking in this species but anterior to the brain there is a small protrusion visible especially on animals fixed with Bouin
<collectingCountry id="36DC76123338FF81FC93479B8CD0FC1C" box="[838,950,994,1020]" name="Netherlands" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Hollande</collectingCountry>
. The cerebral and tentacular eyes (
<quantity id="89339B673338FF81FA84479B8FC8FBC3" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.6509999999999998" metricValueMin="0.889" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="50.0" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="35.0">35–65 in</quantity>
number) form two elongated paramedian bands. The tentacular eyes are wider than the cerebral ones and are the most posterior (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FE7D40498E8DFBAA" box="[424,491,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[302,1277,190,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[292,1288,177,1907]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Echinoplana celerrima: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B). The ventral surface is transparent and colourless (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FBB140498BC1FBAA" box="[1124,1191,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[302,1277,190,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[292,1288,177,1907]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Echinoplana celerrima: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). The body wall is composed of the basement membrane and three muscular layers (longitudinal-circular-longitudinal). The epidermis is nucleated and provided with rhabdites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF1040DD8D55FAEB" blockId="2.[151,1437,646,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">The observation of the pale ventral surface revealed the ruffled plicate pharynx located in the second quarter of the body. The mouth lies at the anterior part of the second third of the body and opens posterior to the centre of the pharyngeal cavity.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF10416E8BAAFA46" blockId="2.[151,1437,646,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA903338FF81FF10416E8D40FAD1" bold="true" box="[197,550,1303,1329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Male copulatory apparatus</emphasis>
: The testes are generally arranged ventrally. The vasa deferentia extend latero-caudally forming two paramedian lines parallel to the pharynx, and join together behind the pharynx, forming a common vas deferens (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FDF6411C8D00FA9F" box="[547,614,1381,1407]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[302,1277,190,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[292,1288,177,1907]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Echinoplana celerrima: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). External observation of the ventral surface, as well as histological sections, show that the vasa deferentia are in close contact with the ventral wall of the body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF1041CB8BD0F9FA" blockId="2.[151,1437,646,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
The copulatory organ is seen by transparency on both surfaces (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FC0D41CB8B79FA2C" box="[984,1055,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[302,1277,190,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[292,1288,177,1907]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Echinoplana celerrima: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). The male copulatory organ consists of a seminal vesicle, an interpolated prostatic vesicle and a distal male atrium housing the cirrus (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FAB941A08FC4F9FA" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[302,1277,190,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[292,1288,177,1907]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Echinoplana celerrima: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D, E). The complex is surrounded by inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF10425F8C48F96E" blockId="2.[151,1437,646,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
The seminal vesicle is covered with a thin muscular wall (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FC53425F8CA8F9A0" box="[902,974,1574,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,202,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,194,1724]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Echinoplana celerrima: A: cirrus with sclerotized spines, B: detail of spines, C: prostatic vesicle, D: prostatic vesicle section showing radial folds, E: seminal vesicle, F: section showing the comb-shaped pattern of the corrugated surface, G: female apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen showing developed Lang’s vesicle and ductus vaginalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E) and is 4 to 5 times smaller than the prostatic vesicle. The seminal vesicle is usually filled with sperm cells (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FC3342348B4EF987" box="[998,1064,1613,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[302,1277,190,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[292,1288,177,1907]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Echinoplana celerrima: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C), and is connected, through a narrow tube, to the proximal end of the prostatic vesicle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E7436823338FF81FF1042E38DF7F87C" blockId="2.[151,1437,646,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
The prostatic vesicle is of an interpolated
<typeStatus id="917088203338FF81FD0B42E38C72F954" box="[734,788,1690,1716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
and is characterized by a very thick muscular wall consisting of an external layer of longitudinal fibres and a well-developed internal layer of circular fibers (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FAB842B88FC0F8E2" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,202,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,194,1724]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Echinoplana celerrima: A: cirrus with sclerotized spines, B: detail of spines, C: prostatic vesicle, D: prostatic vesicle section showing radial folds, E: seminal vesicle, F: section showing the comb-shaped pattern of the corrugated surface, G: female apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen showing developed Lang’s vesicle and ductus vaginalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C, D). The internal glandular epithelium has radially directed folds (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FC0D42918B46F8E2" box="[984,1056,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,202,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,194,1724]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Echinoplana celerrima: A: cirrus with sclerotized spines, B: detail of spines, C: prostatic vesicle, D: prostatic vesicle section showing radial folds, E: seminal vesicle, F: section showing the comb-shaped pattern of the corrugated surface, G: female apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen showing developed Lang’s vesicle and ductus vaginalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275106/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D). Our observations agree with the description of Galleni (1978) and
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B733338FF81FD8543778C61F8C8" author="Prudhoe" box="[592,775,1806,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" refString="Prudhoe, S. (1982) Polyclad Turbellarians from the southern coasts of Australia. Records of Southern Australian Museum, 18, 361 - 384." type="journal article" year="1982">Prudhoe (1982)</bibRefCitation>
but differ from the description given by
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B733338FF81FB3343778AFAF8C8" author="Haswell" box="[1254,1436,1806,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1907) Observations on Australian polyclads. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, 9, 465 - 485." type="journal article" year="1907">Haswell (1907)</bibRefCitation>
who reported a horizontal orientation of the epithelial folds within the prostatic vesicle. The ejaculatory duct, surrounded by a muscular wall, runs from the distal part of the prostatic vesicle via the prostato-penial duct into the proximal part of the cirrus (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A073338FF81FDEF43FB8DE7F87C" box="[570,641,1922,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,815,839]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,359,780]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,351,794]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Echinoplana celerrima: reconstruction of copulatory apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen. a f p: accessory female pore, c r: cirrus, c s: corrugated surface, d v: ductus vaginalis, f p: female pore, L v: Lang’s vesicle, mp: male pore, p v: prostatic vesicle, s g: shell glands, s v: seminal vesicle, v: vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275107/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1AB4660A3339FF80FF4243F58B88F826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[302,1277,190,1897]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="4E7436823339FF80FF4243F58B88F826" blockId="3.[151,1436,1932,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA903339FF80FF4243F58E7FF844" bold="true" box="[151,281,1932,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D013339FF80FECA43F58D73F843" box="[287,533,1932,1955]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Echinoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celerrima">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA903339FF80FECA43F58D73F843" box="[287,533,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Echinoplana celerrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4E7436823339FF80FF4243A88A06F808" blockId="3.[151,1436,1932,2024]" box="[151,1376,2001,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">c r: cirrus, c s: corrugated surface, c v d: common vas deferens, o v: oviduct, p h: pharynx, v d: vasa deferentia.</paragraph>
<caption id="1AB4660A333EFF87FF4242A48F99F8B4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275106/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[248,1340,202,1719]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="4E743682333EFF87FF4242A48F99F8B4" blockId="4.[151,1430,1757,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333EFF87FF4242A48E7FF915" bold="true" box="[151,281,1757,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333EFF87FEF542A78D70F915" box="[288,534,1758,1781]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Echinoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celerrima">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333EFF87FEF542A78D70F915" box="[288,534,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Echinoplana celerrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A: cirrus with sclerotized spines, B: detail of spines, C: prostatic vesicle, D: prostatic vesicle section showing radial folds, E: seminal vesicle, F: section showing the comb-shaped pattern of the corrugated surface, G: female apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen showing developed Lang’s vesicle and ductus vaginalis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4E743682333EFF87FF4243248AE9F854" blockId="4.[151,1430,1757,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">a f p: accessory female pore, c: circular muscle, c l: cirrus lumen, c m: cirrus muscle, d i: diverticle, d v: ductus vaginalis, f p: female pore, l: longitudinal muscle, L v: Lang’s vesicle, mp: male pore, p v: prostatic vesicle, p v l: prostatic vesicle lumen, r f: radial folds, s g: shell glands, s p z: sperm, s sp: sclerotized spine, s v: seminal vesicle, v: vagina.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E743682333FFF86FF1044E18E60FEC6" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,294]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
The cirrus is caudo-frontally orientated and its inner lining is covered with sclerotized spines (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A07333FFF86FAC544E18A37FF52" box="[1296,1361,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[302,1277,190,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[292,1288,177,1907]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Echinoplana celerrima: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D, E). The size of the spines decreases proximally (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A07333FFF86FD7544C78D8FFF38" box="[672,745,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,202,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,194,1724]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Echinoplana celerrima: A: cirrus with sclerotized spines, B: detail of spines, C: prostatic vesicle, D: prostatic vesicle section showing radial folds, E: seminal vesicle, F: section showing the comb-shaped pattern of the corrugated surface, G: female apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen showing developed Lang’s vesicle and ductus vaginalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275106/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Figs.2</figureCitation>
A, B; 3). The largest spines reach up to 150 µm. The cirrus is normally retracted or invaginated in the male antrum but some specimens appear with an everted cirrus (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A07333FFF86FF4A45758F87FEC6" box="[159,225,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[302,1277,190,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[292,1288,177,1907]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Echinoplana celerrima: A: dorsal view, B: cerebral and tentacular eyes, C: ventral view, D: distal part of the cirrus in a living animal, E: connection of proximal part of cirrus and prostatic vesicle, F: everted cirrus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275105/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1AB4660A333FFF86FF4247568BC6FC6A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[156,1434,359,780]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="4E743682333FFF86FF4247568BC6FC6A" blockId="5.[151,1411,815,906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333FFF86FF4247568E7FFCA7" bold="true" box="[151,281,815,839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333FFF86FEF347498D7AFCA7" box="[294,540,816,839]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Echinoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celerrima">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333FFF86FEF347498D7AFCA7" box="[294,540,816,839]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Echinoplana celerrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: reconstruction of copulatory apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen. a f p: accessory female pore, c r: cirrus, c s: corrugated surface, d v: ductus vaginalis, f p: female pore, L v: Lang’s vesicle, mp: male pore, p v: prostatic vesicle, s g: shell glands, s v: seminal vesicle, v: vagina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4E743682333FFF86FF1047CC8DE1FA0C" blockId="5.[151,1437,949,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333FFF86FF1047CC8D22FC2F" bold="true" box="[197,580,949,975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Female copulatory apparatus:</emphasis>
The ovaries lie more or less dorsally. In mature individuals, the female gonopore is located about
<quantity id="89339B67333FFF86FE0347A58D7DFC16" box="[470,539,988,1014]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
behind the male gonopore. The female gonopore leads into a long narrow vagina, which is divisible into three compartments: the vagina externa, the vagina media, and the vagina interna. The vagina externa is lined by a secretory epithelium. The vagina media, known as the ‘‘shell chamber’’, is oblique and frontally oriented. This section is characterized by abundant shell glands. The last section of the vagina is known as vagina interna. Near the proximal end, the vagina interna receives the common oviduct. In the majority of specimens, the vagina interna continues into a terminal portion with a prolongation which was described by
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333FFF86FD8C40BD8C77FB3E" author="Haswell" box="[601,785,1220,1246]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1907) Observations on Australian polyclads. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, 9, 465 - 485." type="journal article" year="1907">Haswell (1907)</bibRefCitation>
as follows: “This unsymmetrical anterior prolongation of the vagina does not have a specially developed muscular layer, so that it cannot be looked upon as a bursa copulatrix”. During our histological study of the copulatory apparatus, two specimens presented a female apparatus with a relatively large Lang’s vesicle (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A07333FFF86FD3241418C49FAB2" box="[743,815,1336,1362]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,202,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,194,1724]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Echinoplana celerrima: A: cirrus with sclerotized spines, B: detail of spines, C: prostatic vesicle, D: prostatic vesicle section showing radial folds, E: seminal vesicle, F: section showing the comb-shaped pattern of the corrugated surface, G: female apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen showing developed Lang’s vesicle and ductus vaginalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275106/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G and
<figureCitation id="D6F02A07333FFF86FC5F41418CB2FAB2" box="[906,980,1336,1362]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,815,839]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,359,780]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,351,794]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Echinoplana celerrima: reconstruction of copulatory apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen. a f p: accessory female pore, c r: cirrus, c s: corrugated surface, d v: ductus vaginalis, f p: female pore, L v: Lang’s vesicle, mp: male pore, p v: prostatic vesicle, s g: shell glands, s v: seminal vesicle, v: vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). This elongate vesicle (about
<quantity id="89339B67333FFF86FA9941418AF5FAB2" box="[1356,1427,1336,1362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
) appears just where the vagina interna bends dorso-ventrally. It runs posteriorly and it is provided with large bilateral diverticles orientated caudo-ventrally (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A07333FFF86FD1441FC8C6EFA7F" box="[705,776,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,815,839]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,359,780]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,351,794]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Echinoplana celerrima: reconstruction of copulatory apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen. a f p: accessory female pore, c r: cirrus, c s: corrugated surface, d v: ductus vaginalis, f p: female pore, L v: Lang’s vesicle, mp: male pore, p v: prostatic vesicle, s g: shell glands, s v: seminal vesicle, v: vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Its epithelium is glandular, similar to that of the vagina and oviducts; it is surrounded by a thin, single-layered circular muscular wall. Sperm cells were seen inside the Lang’s vesicle and also the diverticles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E743682333FFF86FF1041808DE4F94E" blockId="5.[151,1437,949,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
The Lang’s vesicle receives at the distal end the vagina interna and a relatively narrow accessory canal, the vaginal duct. This duct leads to the exterior through a third genital aperture (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A07333FFF86FBAF42598BA3F9DA" box="[1146,1221,1568,1594]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,815,839]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,359,780]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,351,794]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Echinoplana celerrima: reconstruction of copulatory apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen. a f p: accessory female pore, c r: cirrus, c s: corrugated surface, d v: ductus vaginalis, f p: female pore, L v: Lang’s vesicle, mp: male pore, p v: prostatic vesicle, s g: shell glands, s v: seminal vesicle, v: vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The pore of the vaginal duct is oval shaped, transversally orientated and located between the female and male pore. Some mature specimens without a vaginal duct show an epidermal invagination which could be considered as the beginning of the development of the duct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E743682333FFF86FF1042C38AEAF876" blockId="5.[151,1437,949,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
In living specimens as well as in fixed ones, a corrugated surface was observed on the ventral surface in front of the female pore. Histological sections allowed us to clearly see the structure of this surface, which appears in the form of small folds of various sizes (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A07333FFF86FD2043718C5CF8C2" box="[757,826,1800,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,202,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,194,1724]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Echinoplana celerrima: A: cirrus with sclerotized spines, B: detail of spines, C: prostatic vesicle, D: prostatic vesicle section showing radial folds, E: seminal vesicle, F: section showing the comb-shaped pattern of the corrugated surface, G: female apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen showing developed Lang’s vesicle and ductus vaginalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275106/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F, G). The widest folds are located in the middle, in accordance with
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333FFF86FE8B43568D4EF8A9" author="Holleman" box="[350,552,1839,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Holleman, J. J. (2007) Some New Zealand Polyclads (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida). Zootaxa, 1560, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="2007">Holleman (2007)</bibRefCitation>
but contradicting the description by Galleni (1978), who mentions that the largest are those closest to the female pore. These structures are formed by a deformation of the ventral wall, which is covered by a short glandular epithelium which, in sections, shows a comb-shaped pattern (
<figureCitation id="D6F02A07333FFF86FAF043058A0AF876" box="[1317,1388,1916,1942]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1757,1781]" captionTargetBox="[248,1340,202,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[243,1345,194,1724]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Echinoplana celerrima: A: cirrus with sclerotized spines, B: detail of spines, C: prostatic vesicle, D: prostatic vesicle section showing radial folds, E: seminal vesicle, F: section showing the comb-shaped pattern of the corrugated surface, G: female apparatus in fully sexually mature specimen showing developed Lang’s vesicle and ductus vaginalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275106/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06D16509333FFF85FF1343DB8BEDFC57" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4E743682333FFF85FF1343DB8DD0FE7A" blockId="5.[151,1437,949,2019]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,951]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333FFF86FF1343DB8E2FF85C" bold="true" box="[198,329,1954,1980]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333FFF86FE8543DA8C76F85D" authority="Haswell, 1907" authorityName="Haswell" authorityYear="1907" box="[336,784,1955,1981]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Echinoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celerrima">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333FFF86FE8543DA8D39F85C" box="[336,607,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Echinoplana celerrima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333FFF86FDB343DA8C76F85D" author="Haswell" box="[614,784,1955,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1907) Observations on Australian polyclads. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, 9, 465 - 485." type="journal article" year="1907">Haswell, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species in the genus. The first description of this species was made by
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333FFF86FE1643B08D1FF803" author="Haswell" box="[451,633,1993,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1907) Observations on Australian polyclads. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, 9, 465 - 485." type="journal article" year="1907">Haswell (1907)</bibRefCitation>
based on material sampled at Port Jackson, Sydney,
<collectingCountry id="36DC7612333FFF86FB3443B08A36F803" box="[1249,1360,1993,2019]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Australia</collectingCountry>
. In his revision of the
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333CFF85FE9F44E18D1FFF52" authority="Bock (1913)" authorityName="Bock" authorityYear="1913" box="[330,633,152,178]" class="Rhabditophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">
Polycladida,
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333CFF85FE3144E18D1FFF52" author="Bock" box="[484,633,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Bock, S. (1913) Studien uber Polycladen. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 2, 31 - 344." type="journal article" year="1913">Bock (1913)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
placed the genus
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333CFF85FC9B44E18C82FF51" box="[846,996,152,177]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Echinoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333CFF85FC9B44E18C82FF51" box="[846,996,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Echinoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the family
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333CFF85FB5944E18A41FF52" box="[1164,1319,152,178]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Planoceridae</taxonomicName>
, based on the disposition of the eyes.
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333CFF85FE3E44C78C43FF38" author="Marcus" box="[491,805,190,216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" refString="Marcus, Ev. &amp; Marcus, Er. (1966) Systematische Ubersicht der Polycladen. Zoologische Beitrage, 12, 319 - 343." type="journal article" year="1966">Marcus &amp; Marcus (1966)</bibRefCitation>
retained the species in the family
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333CFF85FB1A44C78A0BFF38" box="[1231,1389,190,216]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Planoceridae</taxonomicName>
but placed it in the subfamily Gnesiocerotinae
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333CFF85FD41449C8CC9FF1F" author="Marcus" box="[660,943,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" refString="Marcus, Ev. &amp; Marcus, Er. (1966) Systematische Ubersicht der Polycladen. Zoologische Beitrage, 12, 319 - 343." type="journal article" year="1966">Marcus &amp; Marcus 1966</bibRefCitation>
. Galleni (1978) reported
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333CFF85FB0B449C8A17FF1E" box="[1246,1393,229,254]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Echinoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celerrima">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333CFF85FB0B449C8A17FF1E" box="[1246,1393,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">E. celerrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the first time for the Mediterranean Sea, whereas
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333CFF85FD2F45758CDCFEC6" author="Prudhoe" box="[762,954,268,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" refString="Prudhoe, S. (1982) Polyclad Turbellarians from the southern coasts of Australia. Records of Southern Australian Museum, 18, 361 - 384." type="journal article" year="1982">Prudhoe (1982)</bibRefCitation>
once again described this species from
<collectingCountry id="36DC7612333CFF85FF42454B8E60FEAC" box="[151,262,306,332]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Australia</collectingCountry>
and raised the subfamily Gnesiocerotinae to family rank.
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333CFF85FC1F454B8B10FEAC" author="Faubel" box="[970,1142,306,332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Faubel, A. (1983) The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part I. The Acotylea. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 80, 17 - 121." type="journal article" year="1983">Faubel (1983)</bibRefCitation>
accepted the taxonomic position within the family
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333CFF85FE0745208DF2FE93" box="[466,660,345,371]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Gnesiocerotidae</taxonomicName>
, characterised by the presence of an interpolated prostatic vesicle with ridged or folded interior glandular lining.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E743682333CFF85FF1045DF8F8FFDD4" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
It appears that the majority of the sectioned individuals described in previous studies were not fully sexually mature. This assumption is based on the fact that the female apparatus described by
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333CFF85FB0B45B48AF1FE07" author="Haswell" box="[1246,1431,461,487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Haswell, W. A. (1907) Observations on Australian polyclads. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, 9, 465 - 485." type="journal article" year="1907">Haswell (1907)</bibRefCitation>
, Galleni (1978) and
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333CFF85FE57458D8D26FDEE" author="Prudhoe" box="[386,576,500,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" refString="Prudhoe, S. (1982) Polyclad Turbellarians from the southern coasts of Australia. Records of Southern Australian Museum, 18, 361 - 384." type="journal article" year="1982">Prudhoe (1982)</bibRefCitation>
, shows an incompletely developed Lang’s vesicle with the vaginal duct absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E743682333CFF85FF1046388EFAFD16" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
The study of Tunisian specimens revealed new morphological characteristics that may shed new light on the phylogenetic relationships. According to our results,
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333CFF85FC8746118C8DFD61" box="[850,1003,616,641]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Echinoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celerrima">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333CFF85FC8746118C8DFD61" box="[850,1003,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">E. celerrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is furnished with a well-developed Lang’s vesicle and a ductus vaginalis. In acotylean species, the ductus vaginalis opens either into the vagina externa or onto the exterior by a separate aperture located posteriorly to the female genital aperture (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333CFF85FA9946CC8FB2FD16" author="Faubel" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Faubel, A. (1983) The Polycladida, Turbellaria. Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part I. The Acotylea. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 80, 17 - 121." type="journal article" year="1983">Faubel 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2A5A4B73333CFF85FF3546A58EE9FD16" author="Prudhoe" box="[224,399,732,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" refString="Prudhoe, S. (1985) A Monograph on Polyclad Turbellaria. Oxford University Press, 259 pp." type="book" year="1985">Prudhoe, 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E743682333CFF85FF10477B8BEDFC57" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
The presence of a Lang’s vesicle and a ductus vaginalis demonstrated that
<taxonomicName id="89CB4D01333CFF85FBED477B8BAAFCFB" box="[1080,1228,770,795]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Gnesiocerotidae" genus="Echinoplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="celerrima">
<emphasis id="7CBFEA90333CFF85FBED477B8BAAFCFB" box="[1080,1228,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">E. celerrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can present three mature stages during its sexual differentiation process. First stage: the individual develops a female apparatus with a vagina provided with diverticles, the Lang’s vesicle is lacking and both oviducts become uteri ready to receive oocytes. Second stage: the Lang’s vesicle begins to develop. Third stage: The Lang’s vesicle develops completely and communicates with the exterior by a proper duct: the ductus vaginalis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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