99 lines
9.1 KiB
XML
99 lines
9.1 KiB
XML
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.140.1930" ID-GBIF-Dataset="73d7967a-2dd1-4c5f-8796-f0047f2b4709" ID-PMC="PMC3208516" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-140-1" ID-PubMed="22144857" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-140-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 140" ModsDocTitle="Black-tie dress code: two new species of the genus Toxomerus (Diptera, Syrphidae)" checkinTime="1451249755131" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mengual, Ximo" docDate="2011" docId="C0B5F2D2D12961A6410565D9DF2BF4A1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 140: 1-26" docOrigin="ZooKeys 140" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.140.1930" docTitle="Toxomerus circumcinctus, stat. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFC7666CFF856156FFBDFFB6FFE09539" masterDocTitle="Black-tie dress code: two new species of the genus Toxomerus (Diptera, Syrphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1668152445511" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Black-tie dress code: two new species of the genus Toxomerus (Diptera, Syrphidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mengual, Ximo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>140</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>26</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.140.1930</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.140.1930</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-140-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031652" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C0B5F2D2D12961A6410565D9DF2BF4A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0B5F2D2D12961A6410565D9DF2BF4A1" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Toxomerus_circumcinctus" authority="Enderlein" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxomerus circumcinctus" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumcinctus">Toxomerus circumcinctus (Enderlein)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stat. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figure 28
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Mesogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesogramma circumcincta" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumcincta">Mesogramma circumcincta</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Enderlein, G" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="192 - 237" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Syrphiden." volume="1937" year="1938">Enderlein 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 232. Type Locality: Peru, Lima [HT ♂, ZMHB].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxomerus circumcinctus" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumcinctus">Toxomerus circumcinctus</taxonomicName>
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as synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxomerus marginatus" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">Toxomerus marginatus</taxonomicName>
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: Thompson et al. 1976: 52 (cat.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Species with yellow face and a medial broad black vitta, which ends ventrad to antennal bases. Scutum black, yellow pilose, with postpronotum and notopleuron entirely yellow; supra-alar area looks black, although it might have a thin yellow vitta connecting to the yellow postalar callus. Scutellum black with lateral and apical margins yellow. Pleuron black except katepisternum with a dorsal broad yellow macula and posterior anepisternum yellow on posterior third. Halter and calypter yellow. Femora dark brown with yellow apical tips, pro- and mesotibia yellow, metatibia brown with basal and apical extremes yellow, and tarsi brown. Abdomen dark brown, becoming yellowish brown on terga 4 and 5, with continuous yellow lateral margins from tergum 1 to tergum 5.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxomerus circumcinctus" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumcinctus">Toxomerus circumcinctus</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxomerus anthrax" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthrax">Toxomerus anthrax</taxonomicName>
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but the last has the notopleuron black and postalar callus dark brown, and the scutellum black with apical margin yellow (Fig. 15). Male genitalia are different (see Figs 28, 29).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="length">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">body, 6.0 mm; wing, 5.1 mm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Species only known from the holotype, collected in Peru.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">♂ holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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After the original publication (
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<bibRefCitation author="Enderlein, G" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="192 - 237" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Syrphiden." volume="1937" year="1938">Enderlein 1938</bibRefCitation>
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), this species has been only cited in two works.
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<bibRefCitation author="Fluke, CL" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="193 - 268" title="Catalogue of the family Syrphidae in the Neotropical Region." volume="6" year="1956">Fluke (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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listed
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxomerus circumcinctus" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumcinctus">Toxomerus circumcinctus</taxonomicName>
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in his Neotropical catalogue as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Mesograpta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesograpta circumcinctum" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumcinctum">Mesograpta circumcinctum</taxonomicName>
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, and Thompson et al. (1976) synonymized it with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxomerus marginatus" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">Toxomerus marginatus</taxonomicName>
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(Say, 1823).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Toxomerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxomerus marginatus" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">Toxomerus marginatus</taxonomicName>
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occurs from Canada south to Central America and it was introduced in Hawaii (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thompson 2010</bibRefCitation>
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) and it has a typical yellow/black abdominal pattern (http://eol.org/pages/750927/overview). After my study of the circumcinctus type, I consider them two different valid species based on morphological characters and male genitalia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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