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<mods:title>The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Horst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Ulrike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria & Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ulrike.aspoeck@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-05-03</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6JCS" ID-ENA="887745" LSID="762D61D5-237F-55EA-9DC1-118E5597C5D6" authority="H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck, 1968" authorityName="H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Parvoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Parvoraphidia H.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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& U.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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, 1968
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Parvoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parvoraphidia</taxonomicName>
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H.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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& U.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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, 1968 (odescr) (described as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Raphidia</taxonomicName>
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L.) [type species by original designation:
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stein" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia microstigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microstigma">Raphidia microstigma</taxonomicName>
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Stein, 1863]: H.
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<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. 1991
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</bibRefCitation>
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(mon);
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B150" refString="Oswald, JD, Penny, ND, 1991. Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 147: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" title="Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" volume="147" year="1991">Oswald and Penny 1991</bibRefCitation>
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(cat, nom); H.
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<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 606" refId="B47" refString="Aspoeck, H, Hoelzel, H, Aspoeck, U, 2001. Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis. Denisia 02: 1 - 606" title="Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis." volume="02" year="2001">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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(anncat); H.
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<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" editor="Sziraki, G" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium on Neuropterology, 6 - 9 August 2000, Budapest, Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2)" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="35 - 50" refId="B13" refString="Aspoeck, H, 2002. The biology of Raphidioptera: A review of present knowledge. In: Sziraki, G, Ed., Neuropterology 2000. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Neuropterology, 6-9 August 2000, Budapest, Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48(Suppl. 2): 35 - 50" title="The biology of Raphidioptera: A review of present knowledge." volumeTitle="Neuropterology 2000." year="2002">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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(biol);
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<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, U" editor="Dathe, HH" journalOrPublisher="Teil: Insecta. Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie. Begruendet von A. Kaestner. Zweite Auflage. Korrigierter Nachdruck. Gruner HE (Ed.) Band I: Wirbellose Tiere. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="540 - 541" refId="B59" refString="Aspoeck, U, Aspoeck, H, 2005b. Neuropterida (Neuropteroidea, Neuroptera sensu lato), Ordnungen 28-30. In: Dathe, HH, Ed., 5. Teil: Insecta. Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie. Begruendet von A. Kaestner. Zweite Auflage. Korrigierter Nachdruck. Gruner HE (Ed.) Band I: Wirbellose Tiere. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin: 540 - 541" title="Neuropterida (Neuropteroidea, Neuroptera sensu lato), Ordnungen 28 - 30." volumeTitle="5." year="2005 b">
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U.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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and H.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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2005b
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</bibRefCitation>
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(com);
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" author="Haring, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="16 - 30" refId="B101" refString="Haring, E, Aspoeck, H, Bartel, D, Aspoeck, U, 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 16 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" volume="36" year="2011">Haring et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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(phyl); H.
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<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="101 - 260" refId="B14" refString="Aspoeck, H, 2012. Ulrike Aspoeck zum 70. Geburtstag: Ein wissenschaftshistorischer Blumenstrauss. Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 19: 101 - 260" title="Ulrike Aspoeck zum 70. Geburtstag: Ein wissenschaftshistorischer Blumenstrauss." volume="19" year="2012">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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(cat); U.
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<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="565 - 573" refId="B48" refString="Aspoeck, H, Liu, XY, Aspoeck, U, 2012. The family Inocelliidae (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). A review of present knowledge. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie 18: 565 - 573" title="The family Inocelliidae (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). A review of present knowledge." volume="18" year="2012">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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(fig: phyltree; list);
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<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 155" refId="B32" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2013. Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 20: 9 - 155" title="Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera)." volume="20" year="2013">
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H.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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and U.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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(cat, etymol, phyl);
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<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 152" refId="B33" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2014. Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 21: 9 - 152" title="Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota)." volume="21" year="2014">
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H.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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and U.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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(cat).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="taxonomy and systematics">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Taxonomy and systematics.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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H.
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<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
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et al. (1991)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" author="Haring, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="16 - 30" refId="B101" refString="Haring, E, Aspoeck, H, Bartel, D, Aspoeck, U, 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 16 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" volume="36" year="2011">Haring et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Parvoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Parvoraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is markedly differentiated by morphological characters of adults (small size: 5-8,5 mm; short and very dark pterostigma) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. a. Venustoraphidia nigricollis, ♂. Lower Austria, Eichkogel near Moedling. Foto: H. Bruckner; b. Venustoraphidia nigricollis, ♀. Austria, Vienna. Foto: H. Bruckner; c. Venustoraphidia nigricollis, larva. Austria, Vienna. Foto: H. Bruckner; d. Xanthostigma corsica, ♀. Italy, Calabria, Aspromonte, Montalto. Foto: P. Sehnal; e. Xanthostigma corsica, larva. Itlay, Calabria, Aspromonte, Montalto. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; f. Parvoraphidia microstigma, ♀. Greece, Phokis, Lidorikion mts. Foto: P. Sehnal; g. Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, ♀. Greece, Phokis, Lidorikion mts. Foto: P. Sehnal; h. Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, ♂. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.101559.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845500" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">2f</figureCitation>
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) and larvae and also by molecular phylogeny. It has emerged as the sister group of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Ornatoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ornatoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Ornatoraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H.Aspock & U.Aspock" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Turcoraphidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turcoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Turcoraphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the genus comprises
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Subilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subilla three" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="three">Subilla three</taxonomicName>
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closely related species (includingone subspecies), which can be reliably differentiated only by characters of the male genitalia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biology and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">The larvae of all species of the genus live in upper layers of soil. Development probably (mainly)one year. Last stage of hibernation: (probably) full-grown larva.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Parvoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Parvoraphidia</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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is confined to the southern and southwestern parts of the Balkan Peninsula.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biogeography">
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biogeography.</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
|
|
The
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Subilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subilla three" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="three">Subilla three</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
species represent Balkanopontomediterranean faunal elements with low expansivity.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
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</treatment>
|
||
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</document>
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