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<document id="894CC19D0C24849C59997DBBAAD17EC7" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4260.1.1SLASH10956" ID-CLB-Dataset="33110" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.571305" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8fa896d4-6b42-485c-a053-9f4d04aed213" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="571305" ID-ZooBank="F65E9759-46EB-40B0-B51A-D970B925DEA3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1493883311351" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schwarzhans, Werner W. &amp; Prokofiev, Artem M." docDate="2017" docId="6D0AA64D3B50FFC5FF16FE6FFD920829" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4260.1.1SLASH10956.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4260 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parascombrops Alcock 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="9133DE353B40FFD4FF81FFD7FF8F0B3D" masterDocTitle="Reappraisal of Synagrops Günther, 1887 with rehabilitation and revision of Parascombrops Alcock, 1889 including description of seven new species and two new genera (Perciformes: Acropomatidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698439257947" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2FC3EFE2ACADEDE7F356078471D169AD">Reappraisal of Synagrops Günther, 1887 with rehabilitation and revision of Parascombrops Alcock, 1889 including description of seven new species and two new genera (Perciformes: Acropomatidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F53049D25B33FE33F52D53650344F9F3">Schwarzhans, Werner W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="43057F895A8C9D26BE4783F1663ECC4C">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="6D0AA64D3B50FFC5FF16FE6FFD920829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042846" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128835102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6042846" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D0AA64D3B50FFC5FF16FE6FFD920829" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D0AA64D3B50FFC5FF16FE6FFD920829" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="ADB944D03B50FFC4FF16FE6FFD4B0929" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E51C175B3B50FFC4FF16FE6FFDDF0AEF" blockId="16.[151,592,439,466]" box="[151,592,439,466]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="BE54A0373B50FFC4FF16FE6FFDDF0AEF" bold="true" box="[151,592,439,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FF16FE6FFDDF0AEF" bold="true" box="[151,592,439,466]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FF6FFE60FDDF0AEF" ID-CoL="6GQ4" ID-ENA="2578407" authority="Alcock, 1889" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[238,592,439,466]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FF6FFE60FE260AEC" bold="true" box="[238,425,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parascombrops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B50FFC4FE31FE6FFDDF0AEF" author="Alcock" box="[432,592,440,466]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Alcock, A. W. (1889) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer ' Investigator', Commander Alfred Carpenter, R. N., D. S. O., commanding. No. 12. Descriptions of some new and rare species of fishes from the Bay of Bengal, obtained during the season of 1888 - 89. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 58, 296 - 305." type="journal article" year="1889">Alcock, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E51C175B3B50FFC4FF16FE29FD4B0929" blockId="16.[151,1120,510,563]" box="[151,708,510,532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FEA9FE29FD4B0929" authority="Alcock, 1889" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" box="[296,708,510,532]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FEA9FE29FDBA0929" box="[296,565,510,532]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parascombrops pellucidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B50FFC4FDBDFE29FD4B0929" author="Alcock" box="[572,708,510,532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Alcock, A. W. (1889) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer ' Investigator', Commander Alfred Carpenter, R. N., D. S. O., commanding. No. 12. Descriptions of some new and rare species of fishes from the Bay of Bengal, obtained during the season of 1888 - 89. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 58, 296 - 305." type="journal article" year="1889">Alcock, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADB944D03B50FFC4FF16FDCAFBEF090E" box="[151,1120,541,563]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E51C175B3B50FFC4FF16FDCAFBEF090E" blockId="16.[151,1120,510,563]" box="[151,1120,541,563]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FF16FDCAFE37090E" authority="Jordan, 1922" authorityName="Jordan" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,440,541,563]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Maccullochina">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FF16FDCAFEA0090E" box="[151,303,541,563]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Maccullochina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B50FFC4FEB4FDCAFE37090E" author="Jordan" box="[309,440,541,563]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Jordan, D. S. (1922) In: Jordan, D. S. &amp; Jordan, E. K. (Eds.), A list of the fishes of Hawaii, with notes and descriptions of new species. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, 10 (1), 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1922">Jordan, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(type-species:
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FDD0FDC9FBD6090E" ID-CoL="8VCLP" authority="Smith &amp; Radcliffe, 1912" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1912" box="[593,1113,541,563]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Synagrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratospinosa">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FDD0FDC9FCD8090E" box="[593,855,542,563]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synagrops serratospinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B50FFC4FCDFFDCAFBD6090E" author="Smith" box="[862,1113,541,563]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Smith, H. M. &amp; Radcliffe, L. (1912) In: Radcliffe, L., Descriptions of fifteen new fishes of the family Cheilodipteridae, from the Philippine Islands and contiguous waters. In: Scientific results of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; 1907 - 1910. No. 13. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 41 (1868), 431 - 446." type="book chapter" year="1912">Smith &amp; Radcliffe, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADB944D03B50FFC4FF16FDB5FC23089C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E51C175B3B50FFC4FF16FDB5FC23089C" blockId="16.[151,1437,607,2017]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FF16FDB5FE9E0946" bold="true" box="[151,273,610,635]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A genus unique by a combination of the 7th and 8th dorsal-fin pterygiophores correspond to the 7th interneural gap and the 8th interneural gap vacant, and the predorsal formula /0+0/0+2/; and distinctive in the following combination of additional characters: pelvic-fin spine with regular sharp serrations along its outer margin from base to tip; D1 with 9 spines, all well-developed and visible externally; D2 with 8–9 branched rays; anal-fin ray formula II + 7 or III + 6; distal element of last D1 pterygiophore enlarged, elongated and overlying along anterior face of the first D2 pterygiophore; epaxialis attachment
<typeStatus id="3A18A9F93B50FFC4FC38FCCDFC66080F" box="[953,1001,794,818]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
1; no basiocipital fossa and otophysic connection, no posterior opening of myodome; cranial crests strong, W-shaped; preopercle with denticles at inner margin and with or without crossing ridges on lobe; ectopterygoid toothed; first epural bent anteriad, with ample space between the neural processes of the 2nd and 3rd preural vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADB944D03B50FFC4FF46FC7BFB260DDD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="E51C175B3B50FFC4FF46FC7BFB970E10" blockId="16.[151,1437,607,2017]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FF46FC7BFED608F8" bold="true" box="[199,345,940,965]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description.</emphasis>
Small to moderately large fishes reaching maximum SL of slightly more than
<quantity id="225BBABE3B50FFC4FB72FC7AFACA08F9" box="[1267,1349,941,965]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
for the smallest species, and more than
<quantity id="225BBABE3B50FFC4FD95FC06FDFA08D5" box="[532,629,977,1001]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="180.0">180 mm</quantity>
for the largest (
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FCB7FC06FC3708D5" box="[822,952,977,1000]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyreus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FCB7FC06FC3708D5" box="[822,952,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. argyreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Body laterally compressed, with highly deciduous scales, rarely seen in preserved specimens, scales extending onto bases of caudal fin, bases of soft portions of second dorsal and anal fins, and cheeks. Dorsal surface of head naked. Two clearly separated dorsal fins; soft dorsal and anal fins short-based. Caudal fin forked. Mouth oblique, lower jaw protruding, upper jaw reaching middle to posterior third of orbit. Jaws with canine teeth at least at symphyses, but commonly also laterally on mandibles. Vomer and palatines toothed, ectopterygoid with small denticles; tongue usually without teeth (present only in
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FE16FB7EFDA80FFD" box="[407,551,1192,1216]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glossodon" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FE16FB7EFDA80FFD" box="[407,551,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. glossodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CCE476323B50FFC4FDB0FB7EFDFD0FFC" box="[561,626,1193,1217]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Nasal openings close to each other, and to anterior rim of the orbit; posterior nasal opening much larger than anterior. Preopercle with double edge; inner edge with denticles; hind margin serrated. Hind margin of lower part of subopercle and of interopercle weakly to moderately serrated, rarely almost smooth. Opercle with two weak spines, the lower extended as weak flap.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E51C175B3B50FFC4FF46FAEFFE850D11" blockId="16.[151,1437,607,2017]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cranial roof bones strongly sculptured; cranial crests strong, contiguous, W-shaped. Otic region of skull unmodified: no basioccipital fossa and no posterior opening of myodome; anterior part of swimbladder not reaching cranium. Suborbital shelf narrow, spine-like. Three supraneurals; predorsal formula /0+0/0+2/. Vertebrae 10 + 15. Pleural ribs from third to tenth vertebrae; parapophyses from 7th – 10th vertebrae, gradually increasing in length. Caudal vertebrae with distinct dorsal and ventral prezygapophyses, increasing in strength caudally. Caudal skeleton with five autogenous hypurals, an autogenous parhypural, three epurals and well-developed second uroneural.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E51C175B3B50FFC4FF46F9E0FB260DDD" blockId="16.[151,1437,607,2017]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Otoliths thin, compressed to elongate (OL:OH = 1.35–2.1), with ventral rim more deeply curved than dorsal rim. Rostrum distinct, antirostrum and excisura absent or feeble. Sulcus typical heterosulcoid with anteriorly opened ostium and posteriorly only slightly bent cauda terminating close to posterior tip of otolith. Ostium about twice as wide as cauda, shallower, with distinct colliculum, and slightly shorter than cauda (CaL:OsL = 1.0–1.35). Ventral furrow typically bent upwards posteriorly to terminate close to posterior tip of cauda.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADB944D03B50FFC5FF46F93AFD920829" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E51C175B3B50FFC5FF46F93AFF6E0A58" blockId="16.[151,1437,607,2017]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FF46F93AFEC30C3B" bold="true" box="[199,332,1773,1798]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FED5F939FD8B0C3B" box="[340,516,1774,1798]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FED5F939FD8B0C3B" box="[340,516,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parascombrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily identified by the pterygiophore/interneural pattern below D1 (7th and 8th dorsal-fin pterygiophores correspond to the 7th interneural gap, and the 8th interneural gap being vacant), which is an autapomorphy of this genus, and by the strongly serrated pelvic fin spine, a character only shared with
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FF16F88AFE820C48" box="[151,269,1885,1909]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Caraibops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FF16F88AFE820C48" box="[151,269,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Caraibops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and which is considered a synapomorphy for both genera. The pterygiophore formula of
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FF16F856FEC80CA4" box="[151,327,1921,1945]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FF16F856FEC80CA4" box="[151,327,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parascombrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(/0+0/0+2/) is unique amongst acropomatids, most of which possesses a pattern 0/0/0+2/, with exception of
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FEABF872FE3C0C81" box="[298,435,1957,1980]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Kaperangus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FEABF872FE3C0C81" box="[298,435,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kaperangus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with /0/0+2/). Also
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FD22F872FCDC0C80" box="[675,851,1957,1981]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FD22F872FCDC0C80" box="[675,851,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parascombrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only genus in the
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FBE9F873FA9A0C80" box="[1128,1301,1956,1981]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acropomatidae</taxonomicName>
with type 1 epaxial insertion (vs type
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<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FE7AF81EFDFF0CDD" box="[507,624,1993,2016]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Synagrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FE7AF81EFDFF0CDD" box="[507,624,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synagrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B50FFC4FD2CF81EFC340CDC" box="[685,955,1993,2017]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Neoscombrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cynodon">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B50FFC4FD2CF81EFC340CDC" box="[685,955,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Neoscombrops cynodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and type 0 in the all other genera in the family).
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FF76FF4FFE280B8D" box="[247,423,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FF76FF4FFE280B8D" box="[247,423,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Parascombrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FD0CFF4FFC8C0B8D" box="[653,771,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Caraibops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FD0CFF4FFC8C0B8D" box="[653,771,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Caraibops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CCE476323B51FFC5FC88FF4FFCDA0B8D" box="[777,853,152,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the lower number of branched rays in D2 (8–9 vs 10) and in the anal fin (6–7 vs 9), in the inner rim of the preopercle bearing denticles, in the much stronger cranial crests, and in the presence of denticles on the ectopterygoid.
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FCBCFF37FC620BC5" box="[829,1005,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FCBCFF37FC620BC5" box="[829,1005,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Parascombrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FB55FF37FAC60BCA" box="[1236,1353,224,247]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Synagrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FB55FF37FAC60BCA" box="[1236,1353,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Synagrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having a serrated pelvic fin spine, the absence of a basioccipital fossa and a posterior opening of the myodome, and the shape of the otolith and the sulcus (see
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FDCFFEFFFD4C0A02" box="[590,707,296,319]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Synagrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FDCFFEFFFD4C0A02" box="[590,707,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Synagrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for description). For a detailed comparison with
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FB69FEFEFAFE0A7D" box="[1256,1393,297,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Kaperangus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FB69FEFEFAFE0A7D" box="[1256,1393,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Kaperangus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
see above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E51C175B3B51FFC5FF46FEB8FD920829" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<materialsCitation id="55CB1D063B51FFC5FF46FEB8FE4C0AED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1500069225" location="Western" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FF46FEB8FE7D0AB5" bold="true" box="[199,498,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Species and distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FE7BFEA7FD250AB5" box="[506,682,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FE7BFEA7FD250AB5" box="[506,682,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Parascombrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most specious genus in the family
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FB08FEB8FAB60AB5" box="[1161,1337,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acropomatidae</taxonomicName>
, with 13 extant species here regarded as valid, and is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical Indo West-Pacific and the
<collectingRegion id="2767D9B93B51FFC5FF7CFE6FFED70AF2" box="[253,344,440,463]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Western" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Western</collectingRegion>
Atlantic
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="55CB1D063B51FFC5FE55FE6FFA8E0AED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1500069235" box="[468,1281,439,464]" location="Eastern" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern">
It appears absent from the
<collectingRegion id="2767D9B93B51FFC5FC9EFE6FFCFC0AF2" box="[799,883,440,463]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eastern</collectingRegion>
Atlantic and the
<collectingRegion id="2767D9B93B51FFC5FBCFFE6FFB2D0AF2" box="[1102,1186,440,463]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eastern</collectingRegion>
Pacific
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="55CB1D063B51FFC5FA93FE60FEDE09F0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1500069246" location="Aquitaine" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Aquitaine">
The species recognized as valid are:
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FE2AFE0AFD6D0AC8" authority="Katayama, 1957" authorityName="Katayama" authorityYear="1957" box="[427,738,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="analis">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FE2AFE0AFD830AC9" box="[427,524,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. analis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B51FFC5FD9DFE0BFD560AC8" author="Katayama" box="[540,729,476,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Katayama, M. (1957) Four new species of serranid fishes from Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 6 (4 - 6), 153 - 159." type="journal article" year="1957">Katayama, 1957</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FD6FFE0AFB170AC9" authority="Gilbert &amp; Cramer, 1897" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Cramer" authorityYear="1897" box="[750,1176,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyreus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FD6FFE0AFCE20AC9" box="[750,877,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. argyreus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B51FFC5FCFDFE0BFB1F0AC9" author="Gilbert" box="[892,1168,476,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Gilbert, C. H. &amp; Cramer, F. (1897) Report on the fishes dredged in deep water near the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions and figures of twenty-three new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 19 (1114), 403 - 435. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.19 - 1114.403" type="journal article" year="1897">Gilbert &amp; Cramer, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FB24FE0AFABB0AC9" box="[1189,1332,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glossodon" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FB24FE0AFABB0AC9" box="[1189,1332,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. glossodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CCE476323B51FFC5FABDFE0AFAF50AC9" box="[1340,1402,477,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FA06FE0AFEEE0925" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FA06FE0AFEEE0925" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CCE476323B51FFC5FEE8FDD7FE27092A" box="[361,424,512,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FE34FDD6FDC40925" box="[437,587,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mochizukii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FE34FDD6FDC40925" box="[437,587,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. mochizukii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CCE476323B51FFC5FDD5FDD7FD1D092A" box="[596,658,512,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FD21FDD6FCB80925" box="[672,823,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nakayamai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FD21FDD6FCB80925" box="[672,823,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. nakayamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CCE476323B51FFC5FCBEFDD7FCF1092A" box="[831,894,512,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FC0DFDD6FC570925" box="[908,984,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ohei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FC0DFDD6FC570925" box="[908,984,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. ohei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CCE476323B51FFC5FC61FDD7FB90092A" box="[992,1055,512,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FBACFDD6FB380925" box="[1069,1207,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FBACFDD6FB380925" box="[1069,1207,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. parvidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CCE476323B51FFC5FB41FDD7FB70092A" box="[1216,1279,512,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FA8DFDD6FEBC0901" authority="Alcock, 1889" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1889" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FA8DFDD6FA130925" box="[1292,1436,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pellucidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B51FFC5FF16FDF3FEBC0901" author="Alcock" box="[151,307,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Alcock, A. W. (1889) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer ' Investigator', Commander Alfred Carpenter, R. N., D. S. O., commanding. No. 12. Descriptions of some new and rare species of fishes from the Bay of Bengal, obtained during the season of 1888 - 89. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 58, 296 - 305." type="journal article" year="1889">Alcock, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(with
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FE06FDF3FC8B0901" authority="Kotthaus, 1970" authorityName="Kotthaus" authorityYear="1970" box="[391,772,548,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Synagrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adeni">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FE06FDF3FDC80901" box="[391,583,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Synagrops adeni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B51FFC5FDD5FDF3FC8B0901" author="Kotthaus" box="[596,772,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Kotthaus, A. (1970) Fische des Indischen Ozeans. Ergebnisse der ichthyologischen Untersuchungen wahrend der Expedition des Forschungsschiffes ' Meteor' in den Indischen Ozean, Oktober 1964 bis Mai 1965. A. Systematischer Teil VIII Percomorphi (2). Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, Reihe D, Biologie, 6, 56 - 75." type="journal article" year="1970">Kotthaus, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym),
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FC50FDF2FADB0901" authority="Gunther, 1880" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1880" box="[977,1364,548,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FC50FDF2FB000901" box="[977,1167,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. philippinensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B51FFC5FB22FDF3FAC30901" author="Gunther" box="[1187,1356,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Gunther, A. (1880) Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 1, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1880">Günther, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(with
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FF16FD9FFDA1095D" authority="Weber, 1913" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,558,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Synagrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malayanus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FF16FD9FFE1E095D" box="[151,401,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Synagrops malayanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B51FFC5FE1DFD90FDA1095D" author="Weber" box="[412,558,583,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Weber, M. (1913) Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 710 pp." type="book" year="1913">Weber, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym),
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FD76FD9EFA84095D" authority="Smith &amp; Radcliffe, 1912" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1912" box="[759,1291,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratospinosus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FD76FD9EFC470962" box="[759,968,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. serratospinosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B51FFC5FC5DFD90FA8C095D" author="Smith" box="[988,1283,583,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Smith, H. M. &amp; Radcliffe, L. (1912) In: Radcliffe, L., Descriptions of fifteen new fishes of the family Cheilodipteridae, from the Philippine Islands and contiguous waters. In: Scientific results of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; 1907 - 1910. No. 13. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 41 (1868), 431 - 446." type="book chapter" year="1912">Smith &amp; Radcliffe, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FA9AFD9EFEC809B9" authority="Schultz, 1940" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1940" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FA9AFD9EFA170962" box="[1307,1432,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. spinosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B51FFC5FF1EFDBBFEB009B9" author="Schultz" box="[159,319,620,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Schultz, L. P. (1940) Two new genera and three new species of cheilodipterid fishes, with notes on the other genera of the family. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88 (3085), 403 - 423." type="journal article" year="1940">Schultz, 1940</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FE04FDBAFD9009B9" box="[389,543,621,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yamanouei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FE04FDBAFD9009B9" box="[389,543,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. yamanouei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CCE476323B51FFC5FDABFDBAFDE609B9" box="[554,617,621,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
In addition there are a number of fossil otolith-based species that are considered to represent
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FE32FD47FDEC0995" box="[435,611,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FE32FD47FDEC0995" box="[435,611,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Parascombrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. at least
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FC87FD46FBB60995" authority="Nolf, 1988" authorityName="Nolf" authorityYear="1988" box="[774,1081,655,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brzobohatyi">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FC87FD46FC210995" box="[774,942,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. brzobohatyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B51FFC5FC3BFD58FBB60995" author="Nolf" box="[954,1081,655,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Nolf, D. (1988) Les otolithes de teleosteens eocenes d'Aquitaine et leur interet stratigraphique. Academie Royale de Belgique, Memoires de la classe des Sciences, 19, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1988">Nolf, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Late Eocene of the
<collectingRegion id="2767D9B93B51FFC5FF16FD63FE8A09F0" box="[151,261,692,717]" country="France" name="Aquitaine" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Aquitaine</collectingRegion>
Basin
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="55CB1D063B51FFC5FEDEFD62FF5609CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1500069248" country="France" location="Aquitaine" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Aquitaine">
<collectingCountry id="9DB457CB3B51FFC5FEDEFD62FE2409F1" box="[351,427,693,716]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">France</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FE67FD62FC3509F1" authority="Nolf &amp; Brzobohaty, 2002" authorityName="Nolf &amp; Brzobohaty" authorityYear="2002" box="[486,954,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epigonoides">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FE67FD62FD0409F1" box="[486,651,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. epigonoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="81326AAA3B51FFC5FD14FD63FC3509F1" author="Nolf" box="[661,954,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Nolf, D. &amp; Brzobohaty, R. (2002) Otolithes de poissons du paleocanyon de Saubriges (Chattien a Langhien), Aquitaine meridionale. Revue de Micropaleontologie, 45 (4), 261 - 296." type="journal article" year="2002">Nolf &amp; Brzobohaty, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Early Miocene of the
<collectingRegion id="2767D9B93B51FFC5FAACFD63FA1309F0" box="[1325,1436,692,717]" country="France" name="Aquitaine" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Aquitaine</collectingRegion>
Basin
</materialsCitation>
, France, plus a number of undescribed species known to the first author and a few extant species also known as fossils (
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FE8CFD2AFE050829" box="[269,394,765,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyreus">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FE8CFD2AFE050829" box="[269,394,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. argyreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="22A36CD83B51FFC5FE41FD2AFD830829" box="[448,524,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acropomatidae" genus="Parascombrops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ohei">
<emphasis id="D7D7CB493B51FFC5FE41FD2AFD830829" box="[448,524,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. ohei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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