159 lines
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159 lines
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<document id="02682437B61537D63013C428D263DE70" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ef290f2-f65d-4dfa-afbd-2fbb505860ab" ID-PMC="PMC5904508" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-745-1" ID-PubMed="29670448" ID-ZooBank="16F1AE595650485F9D8C6149E962D461" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-745-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 745" ModsDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" checkinTime="1521799043702" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moore, Matthew R., Cave, Ronald D. & Branham, Marc A." docDate="2018" docId="5B62C6B2BE0D4F372BAF31F54566C5AB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 745: 1-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 745" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" docTitle="Acrobolbia Ohaus 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="C24FFFFC630B3774FFCFDB4EFFAFAD27" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1701315738437" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="58C9BBA0122DC8685FD2D2280E2A7EB7">Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9772A86772D4E9C35DAEAC62F767D582">Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="362390E8B9D0373FED03E419DAE0D37C">Cave, Ronald D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C7DD3E1718C6CF770C99C241E3D76FD">Branham, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0C65C44EAF21311D7D65713743D6D8E6">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5248ED6F14BAE70E85E1DA7A56375E94">
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<mods:date id="0FBE5B7DFFAF8750C82BE7778F019931">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A0BBA72A9D590FD6F07E4A4CE3D7CC24">745</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E68386CE1C197088EE3CF7C555B48194">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="744E3A6FE9500D8875C8494FBC903B13">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CE47E92182648F5EE8A89893A9CEF8BE" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="5B62C6B2BE0D4F372BAF31F54566C5AB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142479968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5B62C6B2BE0D4F372BAF31F54566C5AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B62C6B2BE0D4F372BAF31F54566C5AB" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="52E7A59DA82761CAA989A772392858A0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="197FD17FF99F499BEF9FC18C8578B3A5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="B72418992C1C4C406A7190BC5E484BEC" ID-CoL="NBD" authority="Ohaus, 1912" authorityName="Ohaus" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia Ohaus, 1912</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="357F8806D3E28495579392715F01654A" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="16E1D016515C68F9F0436D4F87C713B3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="070BBF6E883C2B5B0CDDEE0EA2A77EA3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="2486B472CF66356226BF41B1FE762A31" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia macrophylla" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophylla">Acrobolbia macrophylla</taxonomicName>
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Ohaus, 1912, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9572B580956638A037B534952AECC092" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="valid taxa">
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<paragraph id="1F52E9D6CDC3B767183C3E445546A429" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Valid taxa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F5D341DC45B13C054C2A8ECEF281DD38" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">One species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB644DAA6F2C51C0DF19A4247C13CC98" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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The northern South American genus
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<taxonomicName id="0DCD9C6C9C02DC9CB6F69F5304B8A05A" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia</taxonomicName>
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is known from Peru, Ecuador, and possibly Venezuela (
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<bibRefCitation id="30EAEB1F2532057705962023BB3D8CD8" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="273 - 319" title="Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Ruteliden. X." volume="73" year="1912">Ohaus 1912</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="061C8BC23730DCA5B519D167190EE944" author="Machatschke, JW" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogous Supplementa" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 361" title="Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae, Rutelinae." volume="66" year="1972">Machatschke 1972</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="16E7EC433FDBB7E4A7777C930AC39F88" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 15" title="Review of the genus Acrobolbia with remarks on its classification and a key to the world genera of Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." volume="10" year="2002">Jameson et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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) (Fig. 51).
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<taxonomicName id="FD5322B1DD20B41F96C2F4922E564190" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia</taxonomicName>
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has a complicated classification history.
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<bibRefCitation id="C5D2B1F2310B07536694EA9F079F8A52" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="273 - 319" title="Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Ruteliden. X." volume="73" year="1912">Ohaus (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="62BEAB2D88CF56B10D4838041064670E" lsidName="A. macrophylla" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="macrophylla">A. macrophylla</taxonomicName>
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based upon a single male specimen collected in Peru.
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<bibRefCitation id="FFF23C1281567171675145DE327EB63E" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="273 - 319" title="Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Ruteliden. X." volume="73" year="1912">Ohaus (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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compared
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<taxonomicName id="CAC383B283146B1A37F4F8F849CF098A" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="10F7F2B329160F320E37A77D00561E56" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
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, but he ultimately classified the genus in the subtribe
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<taxonomicName id="AC191AF41F77475766C180A6F458857E" lsidName="Areodina" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Areodina">Areodina</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="640302E847532D65D0621D9AAD08B58F" lsidName="" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Rutelinae">Rutelinae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="83D3A6F453989800ACEF48693EB08799" lsidName="" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="tribe" tribe="Rutelini">Rutelini</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="0E4D49A0A186FBE9CFE0607BF17930C7" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 241" title="Scarabaeidae: Euchirinae, Phaenomerinae, Rutelinae." volume="20" year="1918">Ohaus (1918)</bibRefCitation>
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later transferred the genus into its own subtribe,
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<taxonomicName id="E0253FD1BA3AC40B9E4DBEFD816599C0" lsidName="Acrobolbiina" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Acrobolbiina">Acrobolbiina</taxonomicName>
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, within
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<taxonomicName id="13B91C8D6E002C139A432BEC4EB86F7C" lsidName="" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="tribe" tribe="Rutelini">Rutelini</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="F6AAFAEA088709949EDF0B75A97E0EA5" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia triangularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangularis">Acrobolbia triangularis</taxonomicName>
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was the second species to be described into the genus, but this species was later treated as a synonym and a
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<normalizedToken id="FCA9A6BF1025CBE12E1A6062D5461AE8" originalValue="“variant”">"variant"</normalizedToken>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="5F0E6F1BCCACE3629227B1763072A781" lsidName="A. macrophylla" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="macrophylla">A. macrophylla</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D8F5E0709BDAEB9A9D3069C8E92A087D" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Benderitter 1922</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="396ECF96B0FA9D591F5D35AF8DA2DCDF" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="9 - 15" title="XXVII. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ruteliden (Col. Scarabaeidae)." volume="5" year="1934 a">Ohaus 1934a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C2E51EBA51916C112ADC1D3D22A22A1F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D46F4A5EF98BFBE619982E6219E7987B" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<paragraph id="354F5B87659EEC53F243D7C444A708C8" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Figure 51. Country-level distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="0B5A96843870BE244740AF6E1862EE71" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia macrophylla" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophylla">Acrobolbia macrophylla</taxonomicName>
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in South America. Numbers indicate taxa per country. The presence of
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<taxonomicName id="B5C35E38A610CBEF7E1F01FD61BA8ED6" lsidName="A. macrophylla" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="macrophylla">A. macrophylla</taxonomicName>
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in Venezuela is based upon a single specimen without further label details.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="2D4685A75AF91C75F6FFAD8B3AF0C9E6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Based on the elongated antennal club of the male in
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<taxonomicName id="EA9A0780AB396B1A73ABD98AE90CF448" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia</taxonomicName>
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, the genus was transferred into the ruteline subtribe
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<taxonomicName id="9975DA82D090BDAF7AADAE017E8EC44A" lsidName="Oryctomorphina" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Oryctomorphina">Oryctomorphina</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="9AE082827BC5E52FFA979CF7D274DB39" author="Dechambre, R-P" journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Entomologie (Nouvelle-Series)" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 4" title="Le genre Homeomorphus Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera, Dynastidae)." volume="21" year="1999">Dechambre and Ponchel 1999</bibRefCitation>
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). Most recently,
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<taxonomicName id="8A124426E95DF1891C1F68624E163A20" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia</taxonomicName>
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was reviewed and transferred into
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<taxonomicName id="1DE9530671B019D2945461059738DC8E" lsidName="" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyclocephalini">Cyclocephalini</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="54B38F736E5E1FB392E663A7DF21FB2C" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 15" title="Review of the genus Acrobolbia with remarks on its classification and a key to the world genera of Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." volume="10" year="2002">Jameson et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="EC9B541929032AFE5C661771BBEE23F8" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia</taxonomicName>
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is hypothesized to be related to
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<taxonomicName id="E52FFCAF967CFA7B1CBEBA6848454DD9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ancognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ancognatha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ancognatha</taxonomicName>
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based upon characters of the clypeus, mentum, pronotum, prosternal process, protarsus, and mandibles (
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<bibRefCitation id="602ADF7EBEA399727B0A451530C761DB" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 184" title="Phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Rutelina and revision of the Rutela generic groups (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini)." volume="14" year="1998">Jameson 1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C4D5F274052C47D0438C42C942D1960A" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 15" title="Review of the genus Acrobolbia with remarks on its classification and a key to the world genera of Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." volume="10" year="2002">Jameson et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). Specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="ED5AA742FB814E1A258DF509CA832C56" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia</taxonomicName>
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are rare in collections, and almost nothing is known of their biology (
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<bibRefCitation id="2B65453C433E023AE18AE8B2A04EB849" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 15" title="Review of the genus Acrobolbia with remarks on its classification and a key to the world genera of Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." volume="10" year="2002">Jameson et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="D92A04AB53EB14199119D5BCFE57BD7E" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia macrophylla" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophylla">Acrobolbia macrophylla</taxonomicName>
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adults are attracted to lights at night, though specimens do not land or rest at light traps (
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<bibRefCitation id="CB586C971D860BA31FBB75B892C01550" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 15" title="Review of the genus Acrobolbia with remarks on its classification and a key to the world genera of Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." volume="10" year="2002">Jameson et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). Specimens have been collected from 400-1,200 m in elevation (
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<bibRefCitation id="E7AE99B0524908433E41B7178FB40672" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 15" title="Review of the genus Acrobolbia with remarks on its classification and a key to the world genera of Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." volume="10" year="2002">Jameson et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). The immature stages are undescribed and unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3EDA41559FFF709BB59FBEAED93A6A55" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="920F1ABAB657951BB53A8A75CC8E20A1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Acrobolbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrobolbia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrobolbia</taxonomicName>
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species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: 1) dorsal coloration varying from all black with variable reddish brown margins of the elytra and elytral suture, or with the elytra partially testaceous; 2) body not anteroposteriorly compressed or dorsoventrally flattened; 3) clypeal apex acuminate in dorsal view; 4) frontoclypeal suture distinct, but incomplete medially; 5) mandibles long, sickle-shaped, with pointed apex; 6) mandibular molar area with rows of circular micropunctures; 7) apical margin of mentum weakly emarginate to nearly straight; 8) galea of maxilla reduced to small, rectangular mound in dorsal view; 9) galea on inner surface with teeth greatly reduced to peg-like projections at the middle and apex; 10) galea on inner surface lacking teeth at base; 11) males with antennal club (segments 8-10) elongated, nearly twice as long as antennomeres 1-7; 12) pronotum with broadly incomplete beaded basal margin; 13) males and females with 3 protibial teeth, basal tooth reduced, removed from the apical 2 teeth, and oriented laterally; 14) protibial spur straight to weakly deflexed; 15) males with inner protarsal claw enlarged and narrowly cleft at apex; 16) mesocoxae touching, nearly contiguous; 17) meso- and metatibiae with distal, divided carinae; 18) metacoxae with lateral edge perpendicular to ventral surface; 19) anterior edge of hindwing distal to apical hinge lacking setae and with produced, membranous border; 20) vein RA with 2 rows of pegs extending distally nearly to margin of apical hinge.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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