treatments-xml/data/46/11/6B/46116B3C336A2373FF59DC331926FE3A.xml

<document id="092C8F388134487DA7A5B8FC54DF846E" ID-CLB-Dataset="9142" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4845.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc0d8578-73eb-45dd-96c4-865971ff2ab4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4486679" ID-ZooBank="FCF47756-5E22-490F-9814-4AB16999580A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609423376487" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zograf, Julia K., Pavlyuk, Olga N., Trebukhova, Yulia A. &amp; Baoquan, Li" docDate="2020" docId="46116B3C336A2373FF59DC331926FE3A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4845.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4845 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thoonchus covidus Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0ABE4B77-DEDF-4D38-9B66-B68061633BEE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="BA2813443368237AFFCEDE111A55FFEB" masterDocTitle="New species of Thoonchus (Enoplida, Enchelidiidae) from the Yellow Sea and redescription of T. giganticus Belogurova et al., 1986" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="239" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1698850474227" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0CB64D0DD478E2670FE353CB9E248523">New species of Thoonchus (Enoplida, Enchelidiidae) from the Yellow Sea and redescription of T. giganticus Belogurova et al., 1986</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="57EFC4542EC333F7C21F4E13DDC5D435">Zograf, Julia K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DB7FAAFBEB3AA65F7102E78FC1284B9E">A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Paltchevsky Str. 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A82BCD2560FC95DAFF35A0F062C97978">Pavlyuk, Olga N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5890DF0ED7C743A4C1B0D68D4B449C06">A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Paltchevsky Str. 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia. &amp; styopa @ mail. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7198 - 1983</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C226461E4B7AD7AB4C31F1F105B0A31C">Trebukhova, Yulia A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FE0F2440AF6E3FAD171554D7A4EA045E">A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Paltchevsky Str. 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia. &amp; trebukhova @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 000 - 0538 - 6005</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A97A35D173DEEECC24DB6E7D90E15670">Baoquan, Li</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4976FF8E83146907E9D2065F6E2C6E78">Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. &amp; bqli @ yic. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7275 - 1984</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A9336A2378FF59DC331BD7FDD6" ID-CoL="8GVTK" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,386,546,573]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336A2378FF59DC331BD7FDD6" bold="true" box="[151,386,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336A2378FF59DC561B39FD8A" blockId="2.[151,488,546,609]" box="[151,364,582,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">
(
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FF51DC561B51FD8A" box="[159,260,582,609]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1856,1880]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1832]" captionTargetBox-2="[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetBox-4="[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetId-1="figure-22@4.[151,1436,181,1833]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@5.[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetId-3="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@7.[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end (buccal cavity). D. Tail. E. Copulatory apparatus (spicules and gubenaculum). Scale bar:A—200 µm; B, C, D—10 µm; E—10 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (buccal cavity). C. Anterior end (amphid). D. Tail. E. Gutter-shaped process extruded out of vulva. Abbreviation: a—amphid. Scale bars: A—200 µm; B, C, D, E—10 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM.A.Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486683" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486686" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4486683/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4486686/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="833AEF91336A2378FEDEDC561B34FD8A" box="[272,353,583,609]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric characteristic of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. and Thoonchus giganticus Belogurova et al., 1986. All measurements are given in µm unless dimensionless." pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336A2378FF59DC9F1814FCFE" blockId="2.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336A2378FF59DC9F1B5FFD43" bold="true" box="[151,266,654,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A9336A2378FED9DC9E1BBBFD42" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[279,494,655,681]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336A2378FED9DC9E1BBBFD42" box="[279,494,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FCCC0638336A2378FE3DDC9E181EFD42" bold="true" box="[499,587,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB43336A2378FE3DDC9E181EFD42" box="[499,587,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is characterized by the body length 
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, outer labial and cephalic setae in one circle, pocket shaped amphid above the buccal cavity base, secretory-excretory pore at the base of cephalic setae, arched spicules, gubernaculum with thin proximal extension parallel to spicules, preanal supplement absent, three pairs of preanal papillae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86A289A1336A2378FF09DD0E1EE8FCD2" box="[199,1213,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="FCCC0638336A2378FF09DD0E1B1DFCD2" bold="true" box="[199,328,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species named after COVID-19 pandemic during which it was described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<typeStatus id="11036488336A2378FF09DD521B63FCB6" box="[199,310,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
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<collectingCountry id="B6AF9ABA336A2378FE8DDD521BDFFCB6" box="[323,394,835,861]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">China</collectingCountry>
: 
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, formalin-fixed, mounted on slide (
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), in glycerin; deposited in the Zoological 
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RAS; collected in 
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(the Yellow Sea coast), 
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37 
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27’32” N
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, 
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121 
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29’29” E
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; sand, water depth 
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. Collected by Yulia Trebukhova, 
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June 27 
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.
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<materialsCitation id="7ED0D077336A2378FF09DDBE1829FBFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3007909303" collectionCode="NSCMB, FEB" country="China" elevation="3" latitude="37.45889" location="Zoological Museum" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="121.49139" municipality="Sishili Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" specimenCode="MIMB 34001-34004" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="11036488336A2378FF09DDBE1B14FC22" box="[199,321,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B6AF9ABA336A2378FE9EDDBE1BC2FC22" box="[336,407,943,969]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">China</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="D8BE11A3336A2378FE6ADDBE1B9CFC22" box="[420,457,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D8BE11A3336A2378FE16DDBE1844FC22" box="[472,529,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
, formalin-fixed, mounted on slides (
<specimenCode id="9E1E7251336A2378FC79DDBE1EFAFC22" box="[951,1199,943,969]" collectionCode="MIMB" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">MIMB 34001–34004</specimenCode>
), in glycerin; deposited in the 
<location id="CB678CF1336A2378FEDCDDC21BA3FC06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:46116B3C336A2373FF59DC331926FE3A:CB678CF1336A2378FEDCDDC21BA3FC06" box="[274,502,979,1005]" country="China" latitude="37.45889" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="121.49139" municipality="Sishili Bay" name="Zoological Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Zoological Museum</location>
<collectionCode id="A8A942EF336A2378FE30DDC218CEFC06" box="[510,667,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">NSCMB FEB</collectionCode>
RAS; collected in 
<collectingMunicipality id="2E634050336A2378FCB8DDC219A6FC06" box="[886,1011,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Sishili Bay</collectingMunicipality>
(the Yellow Sea coast), 
<geoCoordinate id="AB8CBCED336A2378FAC6DDC21FCDFC06" box="[1288,1432,978,1005]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" precision="15" seconds="32" value="37.45889">
37 
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27’32” N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="AB8CBCED336A2378FF59DDE61B65FBFA" box="[151,304,1014,1041]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" precision="15" seconds="29" value="121.49139">
121 
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29’29” E
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; sand, water depth 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FDC6DDE61829FBFA" box="[520,636,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">
<elevation id="45953D19336A2378FDC6DDE61829FBFA" box="[520,636,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 m</elevation>
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</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336A2378FF09DA0A1AE1FBB2" blockId="2.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336A2378FF09DA0A1B32FBDF" bold="true" box="[199,359,1050,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="7ED0D077336A2378FEA1DA0A1AE1FBB2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3007909302" country="China" elevation="4" latitude="37.45889" location="Sishili Bay" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="121.49139" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" specimenCount="4">
<collectingCountry id="B6AF9ABA336A2378FEA1DA0A1BE0FBDE" box="[367,437,1051,1077]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<location id="CB678CF1336A2378FE0FDA0A1868FBDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:46116B3C336A2373FF59DC331926FE3A:CB678CF1336A2378FE0FDA0A1868FBDE" box="[449,573,1051,1077]" country="China" latitude="37.45889" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="121.49139" name="Sishili Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Sishili Bay</location>
(the Yellow Sea coast), 
<geoCoordinate id="AB8CBCED336A2378FC9CDA0A19B7FBDE" box="[850,994,1050,1077]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" precision="15" seconds="32" value="37.45889">
37 
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27’32” N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="AB8CBCED336A2378FC20DA0A1EDDFBDE" box="[1006,1160,1050,1077]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" precision="15" seconds="29" value="121.49139">
121 
<superScript id="39CD7762336A2378FBD6DA0B1E4AFBC3" attach="none" box="[1048,1055,1050,1064]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">°</superScript>
29’29” E
</geoCoordinate>
; sand, water depth 0.2. 
<specimenCount id="D8BE11A3336A2378FA40DA0A1AE1FBB2" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" type="generic">
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FA40DA0A1AE5FBB2" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="4.0">
<elevation id="45953D19336A2378FA40DA0A1AE5FBB2" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</elevation>
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.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86A289A1336A2373FF09DA731926FE3A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" type="description">
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336A2378FF09DA731F12FA0E" blockId="2.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336A2378FF09DA731B0CFB97" bold="true" box="[199,345,1122,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Description.</emphasis>
Body slender (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FDCBDA7218D4FB96" box="[517,641,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 1A, D</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FD40DA7218E6FB96" box="[654,691,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[151,1436,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end (buccal cavity). D. Tail. E. Copulatory apparatus (spicules and gubenaculum). Scale bar:A—200 µm; B, C, D—10 µm; E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">2A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FD71DA7218B0FB96" box="[703,741,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (buccal cavity). C. Anterior end (amphid). D. Tail. E. Gutter-shaped process extruded out of vulva. Abbreviation: a—amphid. Scale bars: A—200 µm; B, C, D, E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486686/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">3A</figureCitation>
). Cuticle fine striated (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FC29DA721E6AFB96" box="[999,1087,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FB85DA731E24FB96" box="[1099,1137,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM.A.Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">5D</figureCitation>
). Six short inner labial papillae (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FF2BDA961B6BFB4A" box="[229,318,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Outer labial and cephalic setae of equal length in one circle (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FC30DA961E20FB4A" box="[1022,1141,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 1B, E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FB4CDA961EF0FB4A" box="[1154,1189,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[151,1436,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end (buccal cavity). D. Tail. E. Copulatory apparatus (spicules and gubenaculum). Scale bar:A—200 µm; B, C, D—10 µm; E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">2B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FB7FDA961EEAFB4A" box="[1201,1215,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">4</figureCitation>
A–C; 5A). Cervical setae twice shorter than cephalic one; present from immediately posterior to amphid to level of nerve ring (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FAF1DABA1AF8FB02" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FF77DADF1A93FB02" box="[185,198,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM.A.Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">5</figureCitation>
A–B). Somatic setae short, rare, irregularly scattered along the body. Caudal setae present (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FB07DADE1F76FB02" box="[1225,1315,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FAE1DADF1F04FB02" box="[1327,1361,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM.A.Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">5E</figureCitation>
). Buccal cavity large with heavily cuticularized walls and 3 teeth, right subventral tooth largest; size and position of left subventral and dorsal teeth about equal. About 5 complete irregular circles of small sharp denticles present anterior to dorsal and left subventral teeth (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FDD8DB2A18C4FABE" box="[534,657,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 1 B, E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FD52DB2A18FFFABE" box="[668,682,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[151,1436,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end (buccal cavity). D. Tail. E. Copulatory apparatus (spicules and gubenaculum). Scale bar:A—200 µm; B, C, D—10 µm; E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">2</figureCitation>
B–C; 3B; 4A–B). Amphids pocket shaped, slightly above the buccal cavity base (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FEEFDB4E1BC2FA92" box="[289,407,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 1A, E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FE6FDB4E1B91FA92" box="[417,452,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (buccal cavity). C. Anterior end (amphid). D. Tail. E. Gutter-shaped process extruded out of vulva. Abbreviation: a—amphid. Scale bars: A—200 µm; B, C, D, E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486686/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">3C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FE07DB4E1BBBFA92" box="[457,494,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">4C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FE36DB4F1849FA92" box="[504,540,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM.A.Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">5B</figureCitation>
). Secretory-excretory system present; ventral gland cell large, located at the level of anterior part of the intestine, extends anteriorly along the ventral side of the pharynx and opening to the exterior via pore at the base of cephalic setae (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FDF1DBB618E2FA2A" box="[575,695,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 1B, E</figureCitation>
). Pharynx long, muscular; not expanded at junction with intestine. Tail short. Spinneret and caudal glands present; caudal gland cell bodies not extend anterior to cloaca/anus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336A2378FF09DBFE1B81F8C2" blockId="2.[151,1437,654,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336A2378FF09DBFE1B54F9E2" box="[199,257,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Male</emphasis>
. Length 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FEA9DBFE1840F9E2" box="[359,533,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.164499999999999" metricValueMax="4.339" metricValueMin="3.9899999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="4164.5" valueMax="4339.0" valueMin="3990.0">3990–4339 µm</quantity>
, width at midbody 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FD3FDBFE193DF9E2" box="[753,872,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="80.5" valueMax="88.0" valueMin="73.0">73–88 µm</quantity>
. Head diameter 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FBEFDBFF1EC0F9E2" box="[1057,1173,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="51.0" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="49.0">49–53 µm</quantity>
at level of cephalic setae. Outer labial and cephalic setae 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FDE8D802183AF9C6" box="[550,623,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 µm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FD79D802195BF9C6" box="[695,782,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FCD5D802196AF9C6" box="[795,831,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[151,1436,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end (buccal cavity). D. Tail. E. Copulatory apparatus (spicules and gubenaculum). Scale bar:A—200 µm; B, C, D—10 µm; E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">2B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FC85D802190CF9C6" box="[843,857,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">4</figureCitation>
A–C). Buccal cavity 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FB88D8031EECF9C6" box="[1094,1209,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="39.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="35.0">35–44 µm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FAE7D8021FC9F9C6" box="[1321,1436,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="42.0">42–48 µm</quantity>
wide at level of denticles. Amphid 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FDEBD82718E0F9BA" box="[549,693,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="9.5">9.5–12.5 µm</quantity>
or 25% of corresponding body diameter wide (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FB1ED8261F7EF9BA" box="[1232,1323,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Pharynx 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FF59D84B1B6FF99E" box="[151,314,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3774999999999995" metricValueMax="6.484999999999999" metricValueMin="6.2700000000000005" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="637.75" valueMax="648.5" valueMin="627.0">627–648.5 µm</quantity>
long; secretory-excretory pore 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FD59D84B195CF99E" box="[663,777,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="47.0">47–53 µm</quantity>
and nerve ring 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FC7BD84B1E16F99E" box="[949,1091,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.535" metricValueMax="2.7199999999999998" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="253.5" valueMax="272.0" valueMin="235.0">235–272 µm</quantity>
from anterior end. Tail 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FA86D84A1AE8F972" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" metricValueMax="1.04" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="101.5" valueMax="104.0" valueMin="99.0">99–104 µm</quantity>
or 1.5–2.24 anal body diameters long. As revealed with scanning electron microscope, there are three pairs of subventral papilla 20, 80 and 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FE24D8B31817F956" box="[490,578,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 µm</quantity>
anterior to cloaca correspondingly (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FC11D8B21E6EF956" box="[991,1083,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Two pairs of subventral setae immediately anterior to cloaca (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FDC9D8D61834F90A" box="[519,609,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FDBED8D618C2F90A" box="[624,663,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-74@6.[151,1436,273,1746]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">4D</figureCitation>
). Spicules 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FCDBD8D719E0F90A" box="[789,949,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.05" metricValueMin="6.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="69.0" valueMax="70.5" valueMin="67.5">67.5–70.5 µm</quantity>
or 1.14–1.39 anal diameters long, arcuate (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FF6ED8FA1AA2F8EE" box="[160,247,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FECDD8FA1B44F8EE" box="[259,273,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[151,1436,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end (buccal cavity). D. Tail. E. Copulatory apparatus (spicules and gubenaculum). Scale bar:A—200 µm; B, C, D—10 µm; E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">2</figureCitation>
D–E). Corpus of gubernaculum surrounding spicules; gubernaculum apophysis 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FB41D8FB1F57F8EE" box="[1167,1282,1770,1797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="54.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="53.0">53–55 µm</quantity>
long, parallel to spicules (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FED0D91E1B20F8C2" box="[286,373,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FE4FD91E1BDAF8C2" box="[385,399,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[151,1436,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end (buccal cavity). D. Tail. E. Copulatory apparatus (spicules and gubenaculum). Scale bar:A—200 µm; B, C, D—10 µm; E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">2</figureCitation>
D–E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336A237CFF09D9221F64FF12" blockId="2.[151,1437,654,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336A2378FF09D9221B73F8A6" box="[199,294,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Females</emphasis>
. Length 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FE41D923186BF8A6" box="[399,574,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.585" metricValueMax="3.975" metricValueMin="3.195" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="3585.0" valueMax="3975.0" valueMin="3195.0">3195–3975 µm</quantity>
, width at midbody 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FCD1D9231997F8A6" box="[799,962,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="7.85" metricValueMin="6.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="70.5" valueMax="78.5" valueMin="62.5">62.5–78.5 µm</quantity>
. Head diameter 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FBB0D9231EA6F8A6" box="[1150,1267,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="42.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="39.0">39–45 µm</quantity>
at level of cephalic setae. Outer labial and cephalic setae 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FD43D94718B9F89A" box="[653,748,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="17.5">17.5 µm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FCF8D94619D8F89A" box="[822,909,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[167,1420,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FC54D94719F2F89A" box="[922,935,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM.A.Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">5</figureCitation>
A–B). Buccal cavity 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FB59D9461EB4F89A" box="[1175,1249,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 µm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FA9CD9461FC9F89A" box="[1362,1436,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 µm</quantity>
wide at level of denticles. Amphid 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FDD2D96A18D5F87E" box="[540,640,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 µm</quantity>
or 22.4% of corresponding body diameter wide (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FB6AD96A1EA9F87E" box="[1188,1276,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (buccal cavity). C. Anterior end (amphid). D. Tail. E. Gutter-shaped process extruded out of vulva. Abbreviation: a—amphid. Scale bars: A—200 µm; B, C, D, E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486686/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FAC9D96B1F7EF87E" box="[1287,1323,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM.A.Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">5B</figureCitation>
). Pharynx 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FF59D98E1B7CF852" box="[151,297,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.534999999999999" metricValueMax="6.909999999999999" metricValueMin="6.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="653.5" valueMax="691.0" valueMin="616.0">616–691 µm</quantity>
long, secretory-excretory pore 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FD5CD98F1888F852" box="[658,733,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 µm</quantity>
and nerve ring 
<quantity id="094077CF336A2378FC58D98E1E76F852" box="[918,1059,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7199999999999998" metricValueMax="3.03" metricValueMin="2.41" pageId="2" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="272.0" valueMax="303.0" valueMin="241.0">241-303 µm</quantity>
from anterior end. Reproductive system amphidelphic with two opposed and reflexed ovaries. Vulva situated at ~1/2 of body length (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336A2378FAFDD9D21FC5F836" box="[1331,1424,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM.A.Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="241">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Eggs large, elongated. One specimen characterized with the presence of gutter-shaped process extruded out of vulva (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336E237CFF6EDEAA1AA2FF3E" box="[160,247,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (buccal cavity). C. Anterior end (amphid). D. Tail. E. Gutter-shaped process extruded out of vulva. Abbreviation: a—amphid. Scale bars: A—200 µm; B, C, D, E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="245">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Two subventral rows of small rounded papillae 
<quantity id="094077CF336E237CFCEADEAA190AFF3E" box="[804,863,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 µm</quantity>
in diam. in pharyngo-genital region (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336E237CFAC8DEAA1F08FF3E" box="[1286,1373,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM.A.Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="245">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Tail 
<quantity id="094077CF336E237CFF59DECE1B5FFF12" box="[151,266,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" metricValueMax="9.9" metricValueMin="8.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="91.0" valueMax="99.0" valueMin="83.0">83–99 µm</quantity>
or 1.74–2.26 anal body diameters long, with remarkable swelling in anal region (
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336E237CFB52DECE1EA0FF12" box="[1180,1269,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[157,1431,181,1914]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (buccal cavity). C. Anterior end (amphid). D. Tail. E. Gutter-shaped process extruded out of vulva. Abbreviation: a—amphid. Scale bars: A—200 µm; B, C, D, E—10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="245">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="5683C6AF336E237CFACFDECF1F76FF12" box="[1281,1315,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[336,1251,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female of Thoonchus covidus sp. nov. SEM.A.Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="245">5E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="9AC78AA2336B2379FF59D9BE1E44F800" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4486681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" startId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" targetBox="[179,1410,190,1933]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336B2379FF59D9BE1E44F800" blockId="3.[151,1436,1967,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336B2379FF59D9BE1B47F82C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1967,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="242">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A9336B2379FED6D9BE1B8CF82C" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[280,473,1967,1991]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336B2379FED6D9BE1B8CF82C" box="[280,473,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="242">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336B2379FE11D9BE187AF82C" bold="true" box="[479,559,1967,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="242">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB43336B2379FE11D9BE187AF82C" box="[479,559,1967,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="242" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. General view of male. B. Anterior end of male. C. Posterior end of male. D. General view of female. E. Anterior end of female. Scale bars: A, D—200 µm; B, C, E—20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9AC78AA2336C237EFF59D9511BF4F84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486683" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4486683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486683/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="243" startId="4.[151,250,1856,1880]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1832]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336C237EFF59D9511BF4F84A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1856,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336C237EFF59D9511B46F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1856,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="243">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Male of 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A9336C237EFEA1D9501864F8B2" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[367,561,1857,1881]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="4" pageNumber="243" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336C237EFEA1D9501864F8B2" box="[367,561,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="243">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336C237EFDF6D95018DDF8B2" bold="true" box="[568,648,1857,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="243">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB43336C237EFDF6D95018DDF8B2" box="[568,648,1857,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="243" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end (buccal cavity). D. Tail. E. Copulatory apparatus (spicules and gubenaculum). Scale bar: A—200 µm; B, C, D—10 µm; E—10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9AC78AA2336D237FFF59D9831BBEF818" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4486686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486686/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="244" startId="5.[151,250,1938,1962]" targetBox="[157,1431,181,1914]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336D237FFF59D9831BBEF818" blockId="5.[151,1437,1938,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336D237FFF59D9831B40F841" bold="true" box="[151,277,1938,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="244">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Female of 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A9336D237FFE43D9831807F841" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[397,594,1938,1962]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="5" pageNumber="244" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336D237FFE43D9831807F841" box="[397,594,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="244">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336D237FFD95D98318F8F841" bold="true" box="[603,685,1938,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="244">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB43336D237FFD95D98318F8F841" box="[603,685,1938,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="244" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Light microscopy (DIC). A. General view. B. Anterior end (buccal cavity). C. Anterior end (amphid). D. Tail. E. Gutter-shaped process extruded out of vulva. Abbreviation: a—amphid. Scale bars: A—200 µm; B, C, D, E—10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9AC78AA2336E237CFF59D8F81926F885" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4486690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="245" startId="6.[151,250,1769,1793]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1746]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336E237CFF59D8F81926F885" blockId="6.[151,1437,1769,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336E237CFF59D8F81B46F8EA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1769,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="245">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Male of 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A9336E237CFEA1D8FB1864F8E9" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[367,561,1770,1794]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="6" pageNumber="245" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336E237CFEA1D8FB1864F8E9" box="[367,561,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="245">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336E237CFDF6D8FB18DDF8E9" bold="true" box="[568,648,1770,1794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="245">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB43336E237CFDF6D8FB18DDF8E9" box="[568,648,1770,1794]" pageId="6" pageNumber="245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view (buccal cavity armature). B. Anterior end, apical view (cephalic arrangement). C. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). D. Posterior end, lateral view (precloacal papillae). Abbreviations: a—amphid; cs—cephalic setae; ils—inner labial sensillae; o—right ventrosublateral tooth; ols—outer labial setae; pp—precloacal papillae. Scale bars: A, D—20 µm; B, C—10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9AC78AA2336F237DFF59D9861E92F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486694" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4486694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4486694/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="246" startId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[336,1251,181,1920]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A336F237DFF59D9861E92F813" blockId="7.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336F237DFF59D9861B47F85B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="246">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Female of 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A9336F237DFE4DD9891810F85B" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[387,581,1944,1968]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="7" pageNumber="246" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336F237DFE4DD9891810F85B" box="[387,581,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="246">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCCC0638336F237DFD82D98918CEF85B" bold="true" box="[588,667,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB43336F237DFD82D98918CEF85B" box="[588,667,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
SEM. A. Anterior end, dorsal view (cephalic arrangement). B. Anterior end, lateral view (amphid). C. Vulva. D. The tip of the tail. E. Posterior end, subventral view (anus and lateral pores). Abbreviations: a—amphid; an—anus; lp—lateral papillae; v—vulva. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B, E—20 µm; D—2 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9AC78AA233602372FF59DE86196DFF38" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A33602372FF59DE86196DFF38" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FF59DE861B58FF44" bold="true" box="[151,269,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FDBDDE861916FF44" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[627,835,151,175]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FDBDDE861916FF44" box="[627,835,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FC83DE8919F3FF5B" bold="true" box="[845,934,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB4333602372FC83DE8919F3FF5B" box="[845,934,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FC11DE861A85FF38" authority="Belogurova et al., 1986" authorityName="Belogurova" authorityYear="1986" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giganticus">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FC11DE861E98FF44" box="[991,1229,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Thoonchus giganticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA29A7DB33602372FB19DE861A85FF38" author="Belogurova, L. S. &amp; Belogurov, O. I. &amp; Khamula, I. S." pageId="8" pageNumber="247" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref5012" refString="Belogurova, L. S., Belogurov, O. I. &amp; Khamula, I. S. (1986) New species of Enchelidiidae nematodes from Tatar Strait. Biologiya Morya, 12, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1986">
Belogurova 
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FA93DE891FDAFF44" box="[1373,1423,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
., 1986
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. All measurements are given in µm unless dimensionless.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A33602372FCC2DEF51E37FB0A" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<table id="BCB8288A3360DC85FF68DEF51FD1FB0A" box="[166,1412,228,1249]" gridcols="5" gridrows="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DEF51FD1FECB" box="[166,1412,228,288]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DEF51E3CFECB" box="[714,1129,228,288]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FCC2DEF5199AFF17" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[780,975,228,252]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FCC2DEF5199AFF17" box="[780,975,228,252]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FC1BDEF51E73FF17" bold="true" box="[981,1062,228,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB4333602372FC1BDEF51E73FF17" box="[981,1062,228,252]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDEF51FD1FECB" box="[1173,1412,228,288]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FB53DEF51FD1FECB" authority="Belogurova et al., 1986" authorityName="Belogurova" authorityYear="1986" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giganticus">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FB53DEF51F29FF17" box="[1181,1404,228,252]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Thoonchus giganticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA29A7DB33602372FB5BDF191FD1FECB" author="Belogurova, L. S. &amp; Belogurov, O. I. &amp; Khamula, I. S." box="[1173,1412,264,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" pagination="25 - 30" refId="ref5012" refString="Belogurova, L. S., Belogurov, O. I. &amp; Khamula, I. S. (1986) New species of Enchelidiidae nematodes from Tatar Strait. Biologiya Morya, 12, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1986">
Belogurova 
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FADCDF181F6BFECB" box="[1298,1342,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
., 1986
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DF211FD1FE86" box="[166,1412,304,365]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DF211976FE86" box="[714,803,304,365]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">1♂ holotype</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDF211990FE86" box="[851,965,304,365]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">2♂ paratypes</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DF211E3CFE86" box="[1014,1129,304,365]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">3 ♀ paratypes</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDF211FD1FE86" box="[1173,1412,304,365]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">1♂ holotype</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DF6D1FD1FE7F" box="[166,1412,380,404]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DF6D18CDFE7F" box="[166,664,380,404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">L</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DF6D1976FE7F" box="[714,803,380,404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">3990</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDF6D1990FE7F" box="[851,965,380,404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">3998–4339</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DF6D1E3CFE7F" box="[1014,1129,380,404]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">3195–3975</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDF6D1FD1FE7F" box="[1173,1412,380,404]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">6905</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DFB51FD1FE56" box="[166,1412,420,445]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DFB518CDFE56" box="[166,664,420,445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">a</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DFB51976FE56" box="[714,803,420,445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">54.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDFB51990FE56" box="[851,965,420,445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">49.1–55.4</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DFB51E3CFE56" box="[1014,1129,420,445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">46.8–53.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDFB51FD1FE56" box="[1173,1412,420,445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">19.07</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DFDC1FD1FE0E" box="[166,1412,461,485]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DFDC18CDFE0E" box="[166,664,461,485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">b</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DFDC1976FE0E" box="[714,803,461,485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">6.3</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDFDC1990FE0E" box="[851,965,461,485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">6.4–6.7</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DFDC1E3CFE0E" box="[1014,1129,461,485]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">5.1–6.3</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDFDC1FD1FE0E" box="[1173,1412,461,485]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">4.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DFE41FD1FDE6" box="[166,1412,501,525]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DFE418CDFDE6" box="[166,664,501,525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">c</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DFE41976FDE6" box="[714,803,501,525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">38.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDFE41990FDE6" box="[851,965,501,525]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">40.8–42.3</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DFE41E3CFDE6" box="[1014,1129,501,525]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">38.5–41.2</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDFE41FD1FDE6" box="[1173,1412,501,525]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">28.06</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DC0C1FD1FDD3" box="[166,1412,541,568]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DC0C18CDFDD3" box="[166,664,541,568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">c′ tail/anal diameter</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DC0C1976FDD3" box="[714,803,541,568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">2.2</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDC0C1990FDD3" box="[851,965,541,568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">1.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DC0C1E3CFDD3" box="[1014,1129,541,568]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">1.75–2.26</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDC0C1FD1FDD3" box="[1173,1412,541,568]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DC541FD1FDB5" box="[166,1412,581,606]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DC5418CDFDB5" box="[166,664,581,606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Tail length</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DC541976FDB5" box="[714,803,581,606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">104</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDC541990FDB5" box="[851,965,581,606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">99–102</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DC541E3CFDB5" box="[1014,1129,581,606]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">83–99</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDC541FD1FDB5" box="[1173,1412,581,606]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">246</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DC7F1FD1FD6D" box="[166,1412,622,646]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DC7F18CDFD6D" box="[166,664,622,646]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Max. body diameter</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DC7F1976FD6D" box="[714,803,622,646]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">73</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDC7F1990FD6D" box="[851,965,622,646]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">75–88</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DC7F1E3CFD6D" box="[1014,1129,622,646]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">62.5–78.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDC7F1FD1FD6D" box="[1173,1412,622,646]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">363</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DC871FD1FD45" box="[166,1412,662,686]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DC8718CDFD45" box="[166,664,662,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Head diameter</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DC871976FD45" box="[714,803,662,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">49</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDC871990FD45" box="[851,965,662,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">53</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DC871E3CFD45" box="[1014,1129,662,686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">39–45</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDC871FD1FD45" box="[1173,1412,662,686]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DCAF1FD1FD3D" box="[166,1412,702,726]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DCAF18CDFD3D" box="[166,664,702,726]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Anal/cloacal diameter</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DCAF1976FD3D" box="[714,803,702,726]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">51</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDCAF1990FD3D" box="[851,965,702,726]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">58–59</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DCAF1E3CFD3D" box="[1014,1129,702,726]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">43.5–47</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDCAF1FD1FD3D" box="[1173,1412,702,726]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">105</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DCF71FD1FD14" box="[166,1412,742,767]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DCF718CDFD14" box="[166,664,742,767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Outer labial and cephalic setae length</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DCF71976FD14" box="[714,803,742,767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">17</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDCF71990FD14" box="[851,965,742,767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">17</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DCF71E3CFD14" box="[1014,1129,742,767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">17.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDCF71FD1FD14" box="[1173,1412,742,767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DD1E1FD1FCCC" box="[166,1412,783,807]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DD1E18CDFCCC" box="[166,664,783,807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Cervical setae length</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DD1E1976FCCC" box="[714,803,783,807]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">8</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDD1E1990FCCC" box="[851,965,783,807]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">9–10</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DD1E1E3CFCCC" box="[1014,1129,783,807]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">7.5–9.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DD261FD1FCA4" box="[166,1412,823,847]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DD2618CDFCA4" box="[166,664,823,847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Amphid diameter</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DD261976FCA4" box="[714,803,823,847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">9.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDD261990FCA4" box="[851,965,823,847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">11.5–12.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DD261E3CFCA4" box="[1014,1129,823,847]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">9–10</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDD261FD1FCA4" box="[1173,1412,823,847]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">6.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DD4E1FD1FC9C" box="[166,1412,863,887]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DD4E18CDFC9C" box="[166,664,863,887]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Anterior end to amphid distance</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DD4E1976FC9C" box="[714,803,863,887]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">21</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDD4E1990FC9C" box="[851,965,863,887]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">19–20</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DD4E1E3CFC9C" box="[1014,1129,863,887]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">16.5–18.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDD4E1FD1FC9C" box="[1173,1412,863,887]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">21</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DD961FD1FC4B" box="[166,1412,903,928]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DD9618CDFC4B" box="[166,664,903,928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Buccal cavity length</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DD961976FC4B" box="[714,803,903,928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">37</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDD961990FC4B" box="[851,965,903,928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">35–44</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DD961E3CFC4B" box="[1014,1129,903,928]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">37–44</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDD961FD1FC4B" box="[1173,1412,903,928]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">31</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DDA11FD1FC23" box="[166,1412,944,968]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DDA118CDFC23" box="[166,664,944,968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Anterior end to secretory-excretory pore distance</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DDA11976FC23" box="[714,803,944,968]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">53</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DDC91FD1FC1B" box="[166,1412,984,1008]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DDC918CDFC1B" box="[166,664,984,1008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Anterior end to nerve ring distance</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DDC91976FC1B" box="[714,803,984,1008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">272</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDDC91990FC1B" box="[851,965,984,1008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">235–261</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DDC91E3CFC1B" box="[1014,1129,984,1008]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">241–302</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DA111FD1FBF3" box="[166,1412,1024,1048]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DA1118CDFBF3" box="[166,664,1024,1048]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Pharynx length</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DA111976FBF3" box="[714,803,1024,1048]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">633</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDA111990FBF3" box="[851,965,1024,1048]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">627–648.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DA111E3CFBF3" box="[1014,1129,1024,1048]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">616–691</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDA111FD1FBF3" box="[1173,1412,1024,1048]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">1566</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DA391FD1FBAB" box="[166,1412,1064,1088]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DA3918CDFBAB" box="[166,664,1064,1088]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Spicules (along arch)</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DA391976FBAB" box="[714,803,1064,1088]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">70.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDA391990FBAB" box="[851,965,1064,1088]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">67.5–68</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDA391FD1FBAB" box="[1173,1412,1064,1088]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">553</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DA411FD1FB82" box="[166,1412,1104,1129]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DA4118CDFB82" box="[166,664,1104,1129]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Spicule length along arch/cloacal diameter ratio</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DA411976FB82" box="[714,803,1104,1129]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">1.4</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDA411990FB82" box="[851,965,1104,1129]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">1.1–1.2</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB5BDA411FD1FB82" box="[1173,1412,1104,1129]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DA681FD1FB7A" box="[166,1412,1145,1169]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DA6818CDFB7A" box="[166,664,1145,1169]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Gubernaculum length</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FD04DA681976FB7A" box="[714,803,1145,1169]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">54.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC9DDA681990FB7A" box="[851,965,1145,1169]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">52.5–54</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DAB01FD1FB52" box="[166,1412,1185,1209]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DAB018CDFB52" box="[166,664,1185,1209]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Anterior end to vulva distance</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DAB01E3CFB52" box="[1014,1129,1185,1209]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">1958–2422</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DAD81FD1FB0A" box="[166,1412,1225,1249]" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DAD818CDFB0A" box="[166,664,1225,1249]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">V (%)</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC38DAD81E3CFB0A" box="[1014,1129,1225,1249]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">59.6–61.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="9AC78AA233602372FF59DB031BFEFAA4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A33602372FF59DB031BFEFAA4" blockId="8.[151,1436,1298,1359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FF59DB031B5CFAC0" bold="true" box="[151,265,1298,1323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
The main morphometric characters of 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FD69DB021949FAC0" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[679,796,1299,1323]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FD69DB021949FAC0" box="[679,796,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Thoonchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (combined data for both genders where appropriate, µm unless dimensionless)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A33602372FE07DB711FD3F8B9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<table id="BCB8288A3360DC85FF68DB4E1FD3F8B9" box="[166,1414,1375,1874]" gridcols="6" gridrows="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DB4E1FD3FA70" box="[166,1414,1375,1435]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FE55DB4E1816FA70" box="[411,579,1375,1435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FE07DB711840FA9C" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[457,533,1375,1399]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FE07DB711840FA9C" box="[457,533,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">T. ferox</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FDA9DB4E18AEFA70" box="[615,763,1375,1435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FDB0DB7118B6FA9C" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[638,739,1376,1399]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FDB0DB7118B6FA9C" box="[638,739,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">T. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2DB4E199EFA70" box="[796,971,1375,1435]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FCFCDB7119E0FA9C" box="[818,949,1376,1399]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giganticus">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FCFCDB7119E0FA9C" box="[818,949,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">T. giganticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FC21DB4E1EEFFA70" box="[1007,1210,1375,1435]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FBC4DB711EF5FA9C" authorityName="Keppner" authorityYear="1988" box="[1034,1184,1375,1399]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosus">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FBC4DB711EF5FA9C" box="[1034,1184,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">T. longisetosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FB28DB4E1FD3FA70" box="[1254,1414,1375,1435]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FACCDB711F3DFA9C" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[1282,1384,1375,1399]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FACCDB711F3DFA9C" box="[1282,1384,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">T. covidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FAC3DB921F0BFA70" bold="true" box="[1293,1374,1411,1435]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB4333602372FAC3DB921F0BFA70" box="[1293,1374,1411,1435]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DBBA1FD3FA28" box="[166,1414,1451,1475]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DBBA1B34FA28" box="[166,353,1451,1475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">L</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FE55DBBA1816FA28" box="[411,579,1451,1475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">2200–2100</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FDA9DBBA18AEFA28" box="[615,763,1451,1475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">2153–2190</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2DBBA199EFA28" box="[796,971,1451,1475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">6500–6905</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC21DBBA1EEFFA28" box="[1007,1210,1451,1475]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">2620</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB28DBBA1FD3FA28" box="[1254,1414,1451,1475]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">3195–4339</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DBC21FD3FA07" box="[166,1414,1491,1516]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DBC21B34FA07" box="[166,353,1491,1516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">a</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FE55DBC21816FA07" box="[411,579,1491,1516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">55.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FDA9DBC218AEFA07" box="[615,763,1491,1516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">55–49</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2DBC2199EFA07" box="[796,971,1491,1516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">19.07–24.2</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC21DBC21EEFFA07" box="[1007,1210,1491,1516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">81.9</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB28DBC21FD3FA07" box="[1254,1414,1491,1516]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">49.1–54.48</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68DBED1FD3F9FF" box="[166,1414,1532,1556]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68DBED1B34F9FF" box="[166,353,1532,1556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">b</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FE55DBED1816F9FF" box="[411,579,1532,1556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">4.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FDA9DBED18AEF9FF" box="[615,763,1532,1556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">3.8–4.7</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2DBED199EF9FF" box="[796,971,1532,1556]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">4.4–5.1</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC21DBED1EEFF9FF" box="[1007,1210,1532,1556]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">3.37</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB28DBED1FD3F9FF" box="[1254,1414,1532,1556]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">6.3–6.69</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68D8351FD3F9D7" box="[166,1414,1572,1596]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68D8351B34F9D7" box="[166,353,1572,1596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">c</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FE55D8351816F9D7" box="[411,579,1572,1596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">32.25</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FDA9D83518AEF9D7" box="[615,763,1572,1596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">25–29</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2D835199EF9D7" box="[796,971,1572,1596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">28.06–31.9</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC21D8351EEFF9D7" box="[1007,1210,1572,1596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">30.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB28D8351FD3F9D7" box="[1254,1414,1572,1596]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">38.47–42.28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68D85D1FD3F98F" box="[166,1414,1612,1636]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68D85D1B34F98F" box="[166,353,1612,1636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Tail length</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FE55D85D1816F98F" box="[411,579,1612,1636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">68.2</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FDA9D85D18AEF98F" box="[615,763,1612,1636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">86.1–75.5</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2D85D199EF98F" box="[796,971,1612,1636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">205–246</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC21D85D1EEFF98F" box="[1007,1210,1612,1636]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">86</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB28D85D1FD3F98F" box="[1254,1414,1612,1636]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">89–113</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68D8651FD3F966" box="[166,1414,1652,1677]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68D8651B34F966" box="[166,353,1652,1677]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Cephalic setae</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FE55D8651816F966" box="[411,579,1652,1677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">10</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FDA9D86518AEF966" box="[615,763,1652,1677]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">22</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2D865199EF966" box="[796,971,1652,1677]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">6.3–8</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC21D8651EEFF966" box="[1007,1210,1652,1677]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">8-12</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB28D8651FD3F966" box="[1254,1414,1652,1677]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68D88D1FD3F95E" box="[166,1414,1692,1717]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68D88D1B34F95E" box="[166,353,1692,1717]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Amphid diameter</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FE55D88D1816F95E" box="[411,579,1692,1717]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">11.6</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2D88D199EF95E" box="[796,971,1692,1717]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">6.3</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC21D88D1EEFF95E" box="[1007,1210,1692,1717]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">18</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB28D88D1FD3F95E" box="[1254,1414,1692,1717]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">9.5–12.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68D8D41FD3F936" box="[166,1414,1733,1757]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68D8D41B34F936" box="[166,353,1733,1757]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Pharynx length</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FE55D8D41816F936" box="[411,579,1733,1757]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">484</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2D8D4199EF936" box="[796,971,1733,1757]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">1300–1566</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC21D8D41EEFF936" box="[1007,1210,1733,1757]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">778</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB28D8D41FD3F936" box="[1254,1414,1733,1757]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">627–649</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68D8FC1FD3F8C2" box="[166,1414,1773,1833]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68D8FC1B34F8C2" box="[166,353,1773,1833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Length of spicules (along arch)</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FE55D8FC1816F8C2" box="[411,579,1773,1833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">32.4</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FDA9D8FC18AEF8C2" box="[615,763,1773,1833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">25–33</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2D8FC199EF8C2" box="[796,971,1773,1833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">553–558</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC21D8FC1EEFF8C2" box="[1007,1210,1773,1833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">35</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB28D8FC1FD3F8C2" box="[1254,1414,1773,1833]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">67.5–70.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7088D8683360DC85FF68D9281FD3F8B9" box="[166,1414,1849,1874]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<th id="3359B1143360DC85FF68D9281B34F8B9" box="[166,353,1849,1874]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Type locality</th>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FE55D9281816F8B9" box="[411,579,1849,1874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">South California</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FDA9D92818AEF8B9" box="[615,763,1849,1874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Mediterranean</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FCD2D928199EF8B9" box="[796,971,1849,1874]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">The Sea of Japan</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FC21D9281EEFF8B9" box="[1007,1210,1849,1874]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">The Gulf of Mexico</td>
<td id="3359B1143360DC85FB28D9281FD3F8B9" box="[1254,1414,1849,1874]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">The Yellow Sea</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE07DA2A33602373FF09D9901926FE3A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1921,2020]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,466]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FF09D9901B25F870" bold="true" box="[199,368,1921,1947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Relationships.</emphasis>
New species is closest to 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FD50D990190FF870" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[670,858,1921,1947]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FD50D990190FF870" box="[670,858,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Thoonchus ferox</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in amphid size and position, in spicula and gubernaculum shape, and index a. 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FE24D9B41891F854" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[490,708,1957,1983]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FE24D9B41891F854" box="[490,708,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FD00D9B4197FF854" bold="true" box="[718,810,1957,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB4333602372FD00D9B4197FF854" box="[718,810,1957,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933602372FC08D9B71E4BF854" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[966,1054,1957,1983]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FC08D9B71E4BF854" box="[966,1054,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">T. ferox</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by body size (
<quantity id="094077CF33602372FB02D9B41F2EF854" box="[1228,1403,1957,1984]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.767" metricValueMax="4.339" metricValueMin="3.195" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="3767.0" valueMax="4339.0" valueMin="3195.0">3195–4339 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FA4BD9B71FC9F854" box="[1413,1436,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33602372FF59D9D81B10F808" box="[151,325,1993,2019]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="2150.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2100.0">2100–2200 µm</quantity>
), length of spicules (
<quantity id="094077CF33602372FDE1D9D8189BF808" box="[559,718,1993,2020]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.05" metricValueMin="6.75" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="69.0" valueMax="70.5" valueMin="67.5">67.5–70.5 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833602372FD1BD9DB18B9F808" box="[725,748,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33602372FD3AD9D81906F808" box="[756,851,1993,2019]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="32.4">32.4 µm</quantity>
) (
<tableCitation id="833AEF9133602372FCA4D9D81994F808" box="[874,961,1993,2019]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,1298,1322]" captionText="TABLE 2. The main morphometric characters of Thoonchus species (combined data for both genders where appropriate, µm unless dimensionless)" pageId="8" pageNumber="247">Table 2</tableCitation>
), absence of precloacal supplementary organ, the number of pairs of precoacal papillae (tree pairs 
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FCDDDE86197FFF5B" box="[787,810,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
one pair) and presence of subventral rows of papillae in females. 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933612373FF32DEAA1B86FF3E" authority="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan, 2020" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Baoquan" authorityYear="2020" box="[252,467,187,213]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="covidus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FF32DEAA1B86FF3E" box="[252,467,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">Thoonchus covidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FE14DEAA1866FF3E" bold="true" box="[474,563,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7FFBB4333612373FE14DEAA1866FF3E" box="[474,563,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933612373FD08DEAA1960FF3F" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[710,821,187,212]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FD08DEAA1960FF3F" box="[710,821,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">T. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the bigger body size (
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FB83DEAB1EAFFF3E" box="[1101,1274,186,213]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.767" metricValueMax="4.339" metricValueMin="3.195" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="3767.0" valueMax="4339.0" valueMin="3195.0">3195–4339 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FACEDEAA1F42FF3F" box="[1280,1303,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FAD0DEAB1A95FF12" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1715" metricValueMax="2.19" metricValueMin="2.153" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="2171.5" valueMax="2190.0" valueMin="2153.0">2153–2190 µm</quantity>
), longer spicules (
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FE5BDECF1862FF12" box="[405,567,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.05" metricValueMin="6.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="69.0" valueMax="70.5" valueMin="67.5">67.5–70.5 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FD8FDECE180DFF13" box="[577,600,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FDADDECF188FFF12" box="[611,730,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="25.0">25–33 µm</quantity>
) and shape of gubernaculum (long dorsal apophysis 
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FA8DDECE1F0FFF13" box="[1347,1370,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
short pointed apophysis). New species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933612373FD65DF121906FEF6" authorityName="Keppner" authorityYear="1988" box="[683,851,259,285]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosus">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FD65DF121906FEF6" box="[683,851,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">T. longisetosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the longer body (
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FB84DF131EACFEF6" box="[1098,1273,258,285]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.767" metricValueMax="4.339" metricValueMin="3.195" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="3767.0" valueMax="4339.0" valueMin="3195.0">3195–4339 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FACDDF121F4FFEF7" box="[1283,1306,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FAEADF121FDAFEF6" box="[1316,1423,259,285]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.62" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="2620.0">2620 µm</quantity>
), longer cephalic setae (
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FE59DF361BB7FEAA" box="[407,482,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FE25DF361857FEAB" box="[491,514,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FDC5DF361820FEAA" box="[523,629,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 µm</quantity>
), smaller amphids (
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FC98DF3719BDFEAA" box="[854,1000,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="9.5">9.5–12.5 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FC3EDF361E52FEAB" box="[1008,1031,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FBDFDF361E0BFEAA" box="[1041,1118,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 µm</quantity>
), longer spicules (
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FAE1DF371AE8FE8E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.904999999999999" metricValueMax="7.06" metricValueMin="6.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="69.05" valueMax="70.6" valueMin="67.5">67.5-70.6 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FF08DF5A1A88FE8F" box="[198,221,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FF28DF5B1B67FE8E" box="[230,306,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 µm</quantity>
) and shape of gurbernaculum (long dorsal apophysis 
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FC56DF5A19FAFE8F" box="[920,943,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
dorsocaudal apophysis). Described species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="09B8A1A933612373FEEDDF7E1BE6FE63" box="[291,435,367,392]" class="Enoplea" family="Enchelidiidae" genus="Thoonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="giganticus">
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FEEDDF7E1BE6FE63" box="[291,435,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">T. giganticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shorter body (
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FD50DF7F191FFE62" box="[670,842,366,393]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.767" metricValueMax="4.339" metricValueMin="3.195" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="3767.0" valueMax="4339.0" valueMin="3195.0">3195–4339 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FC9EDF7E1932FE63" box="[848,871,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FCA0DF7F1986FE62" box="[878,979,366,393]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="6500.0">6500 µm</quantity>
) and tail (
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FB8DDF7E1E91FE62" box="[1091,1220,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" metricValueMax="1.13" metricValueMin="0.89" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="101.0" valueMax="113.0" valueMin="89.0">89–113 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FB04DF7E1EB4FE63" box="[1226,1249,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FB26DF7F1F14FE62" box="[1256,1345,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="205.0">205 µm</quantity>
), longer cephalic setae (
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FE88DF821BC7FE46" box="[326,402,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FE54DF821BE4FE47" box="[410,433,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FE74DF82185BFE46" box="[442,526,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 µm</quantity>
), shorter spicules (
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FD2BDF8319D0FE46" box="[741,901,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.05" metricValueMin="6.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="69.0" valueMax="70.5" valueMin="67.5">67.5–70.5 µm</quantity>
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FC40DF8219F0FE47" box="[910,933,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
<quantity id="094077CF33612373FC60DF831E5CFE46" box="[942,1033,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.58" pageId="9" pageNumber="248" unit="mm" value="558.0">558 µm</quantity>
), and shape of gubernaculum (long dorsal apophysis 
<emphasis id="FCCC063833612373FE94DFA61B24FE3B" box="[346,369,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">vs</emphasis>
gubernaculums without apophysis) (
<tableCitation id="833AEF9133612373FCC0DFA61933FE3A" box="[782,870,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,1298,1322]" captionText="TABLE 2. The main morphometric characters of Thoonchus species (combined data for both genders where appropriate, µm unless dimensionless)" pageId="9" pageNumber="248">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>