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<document id="5788655A74AEEA2E976103BBAD2B2DF2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.175403" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c0164875-c8da-453b-97b5-ccbcd1d8638f" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="175403" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459808864141" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Erséus, Christer &amp; Bergfeldt, Ulrika" docDate="2007" docId="8467A05AFFBBC33B78E66938FC0EFBB9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01400p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1400" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Olavius nivalis Erséus &amp; Bergfeldt, 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="785ED822FFB1C33778716A02FFA1FFF3" masterDocTitle="Six new species of the gutless genus Olavius (Annelida: Clitellata: Tubificidae) from New Caledonia" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698220786022" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="66D0D6B34EA34D269F6995B43A739072" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="98ED02876561744DE95F0B7E5C902E77">
<mods:title id="54AB8705AF117152D4ADC470C0A94A45">Six new species of the gutless genus Olavius (Annelida: Clitellata: Tubificidae) from New Caledonia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5C8A1B137B961D2C8F843231516EEC0A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6C7E7289198B695099F230E92D5A429F">
<mods:roleTerm id="CB2AF136EB80C40BBC6E2E56C1416F13">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A9DB6E0B695C8EB968D7E44F17B4C1A5">Erséus, Christer</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="80005FFD5D1016B3A22DC7613500C544" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C7D5AE74A50DFC0D1460EE6BC6DC54CB">
<mods:roleTerm id="A3750751EA13738FFB12248786025B86">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FA9C0CE301605B93D32B0A8E674ED0B3">Bergfeldt, Ulrika</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="92C4E65A2748AD94988AAA0F211BF411">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="7C63BD8AD9BF70A37E3E9F8698F4CFB4" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F1767D16DD68F31FA5120E2784E689A2">
<mods:title id="6AA5B248E31EBC4B5159E393EAEA1E04">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="41A6CE3A572458AF863A8E3D304BB0D9">
<mods:date id="B0B0220F1E56DE5DB9EF2D6519FDC486">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="601DDA5B691AC8828BC06DDF763648B4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FC92EE0A4EEB93E101A3BB1A26DBA33E">1400</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="81486D5098B3581AD8C12819EB7D8B3B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="FB52DD84FB5173E7E164784598F8CC62">45</mods:start>
<mods:end id="8BF756E3070344A233F5FC5E6401CF42">58</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="597DE99D3B99CBC54A168BEE8324111A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EEFA67BF0493173CAC08BFF0B4028C55" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.175403</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="450C11B9DBA03BB1EFD5B7A71EDA70DA" type="GBIF-Dataset">c0164875-c8da-453b-97b5-ccbcd1d8638f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4E8CCBA97323B22E3D051CCDAAA171CC" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6D9971B395A4F4C164C5D094133E5C66" type="Zenodo-Dep">175403</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8467A05AFFBBC33B78E66938FC0EFBB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5667340" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119353344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5667340" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8467A05AFFBBC33B78E66938FC0EFBB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8467A05AFFBBC33B78E66938FC0EFBB9" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<subSubSection id="44D442C7FFBBC33D78E66938FF58FC84" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBBC33D78E66938FE15FCA7" blockId="10.[151,436,826,887]" box="[151,436,826,852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="5739A620FFBBC33D78E66938FE15FCA7" bold="true" box="[151,436,826,852]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBBC33D78E66938FE15FCA7" bold="true" box="[151,436,826,852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBBC33D78E66938FEEEFCA7" box="[151,335,826,852]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nivalis" status="sp. nov.">Olavius nivalis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25897025FFBBC33D79266938FE15FCA7" box="[343,436,826,852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBBC33D78E6695FFF58FC84" blockId="10.[151,436,826,887]" box="[151,249,861,887]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<figureCitation id="94F50DC9FFBBC33D78E6695FFF58FC84" box="[151,249,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,255,899,923]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,295,799]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[253,1334,274,875]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Olavius nivalis sp. nov. A) somatic chaeta, B) bundle of penial chaetae, C) lateral view of spermatheca and male genitalia in segments X – XI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175409/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Figure 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="44D442C7FFBBC33C78E669AFFC95F81E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBBC33D78E669AFFED2FC34" blockId="10.[151,1437,941,1207]" box="[151,371,941,967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBBC33D78B769D7FC01FC1C" blockId="10.[151,1437,941,1207]" box="[198,928,981,1007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<typeStatus id="D375AFEEFFBBC33D78B769D7FE99FC1C" box="[198,312,981,1007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="6ADF8989FFBBC33D793269D7FE39FC1C" box="[323,408,981,1007]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">SMNH</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="D375AFEEFFBBC33D79EF69D7FE79FC1C" box="[414,472,981,1007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
Coll. 6400, whole­mounted specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBBC33D78B769FFFA26FBE4" blockId="10.[151,1437,941,1207]" box="[198,1415,1021,1047]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<typeStatus id="D375AFEEFFBBC33D78B769FFFEA1FBE4" box="[198,256,1021,1047]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBBC33D791E69FFFD89FBE4" box="[367,552,1021,1047]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, off Touho, S end of Grand Récif Mengalia, intertidal (Station NC93­13).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBBC33D78B76E27FE9CFB94" blockId="10.[151,1437,941,1207]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<typeStatus id="D375AFEEFFBBC33D78B76E27FE9CFBCC" box="[198,317,1061,1087]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="6ADF8989FFBBC33D79396E27FE3CFBCC" box="[328,413,1061,1087]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">SMNH</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="D375AFEEFFBBC33D79D46E27FE7EFBCC" box="[421,479,1061,1087]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
Coll. 6401–6409,
<specimenCount id="1AC8DAC5FFBBC33D7ACC6E27FCF2FBCC" box="[701,851,1061,1087]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
: 7 from
<typeStatus id="D375AFEEFFBBC33D7BC76E27FC48FBCC" box="[950,1001,1061,1087]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
locality, and 1 from each of NC93­9 and NC93­33.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBBC33D78B76E77FE02FB44" blockId="10.[151,1437,941,1207]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
Other material:
<collectionCode id="6ADF8989FFBBC33D79F06E77FE77FB7C" box="[385,470,1141,1167]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">SMNH</collectionCode>
Main Coll. 85125–85139,
<specimenCount id="1AC8DAC5FFBBC33D7B646E77FC1BFB7C" box="[789,954,1141,1167]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
: 9 from
<typeStatus id="D375AFEEFFBBC33D7C6D6E77FBEFFB7C" box="[1052,1102,1141,1167]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
locality, and 3 from each of NC93­9 and NC93­33.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBBC33D78E66EEFFE81FAF4" blockId="10.[151,1437,1261,2007]" box="[151,288,1261,1287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBBC33D78B76F17FDA4F99C" blockId="10.[151,1437,1261,2007]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
Large species,
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D79076F17FE59FADC" box="[374,504,1301,1327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="12.0">12–34 mm</quantity>
, with 67–168 segments. Width at XI,
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7BC86F17FBC6FADC" box="[953,1127,1301,1327]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.5999999999999996" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.47" valueMax="0.58" valueMin="0.36">0.36–0.58 mm</quantity>
. Body cylindrical. Prostomium rounded, in most specimens somewhat longer than wide. Pygidium variable, sometimes much longer then wide, tapering with rounded tip. Clitellum extending over 1/
<date id="7870378CFFBBC33D7BFE6F67FC14FA8C" box="[911,949,1381,1407]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">2X</date>
–2/
<date id="7870378CFFBBC33D7BAF6F67FBBAFA8C" box="[990,1051,1381,1407]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">3XII.</date>
Secondary annuli 3–4 per (postclitellar) segment. Somatic chaetae (
<figureCitation id="94F50DC9FFBBC33D7A326F8FFD28FA54" box="[579,649,1421,1447]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,255,899,923]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,295,799]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[253,1334,274,875]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Olavius nivalis sp. nov. A) somatic chaeta, B) bundle of penial chaetae, C) lateral view of spermatheca and male genitalia in segments X – XI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175409/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A) bifid, with upper teeth thinner and shorter than lower, and each with conspicuous subdental ligament. These chaetae
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7B726FB7FCDDFA3C" box="[771,892,1461,1487]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="72.5" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="60.0">60–85 m</quantity>
long, about
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7C7E6FB7FBEDFA3C" box="[1039,1100,1461,1487]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
thick, 2 per bundle throughout body. Penial chaetae (
<figureCitation id="94F50DC9FFBBC33D79B66FDFFDBBFA04" box="[455,538,1501,1527]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,255,899,923]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,295,799]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[253,1334,274,875]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Olavius nivalis sp. nov. A) somatic chaeta, B) bundle of penial chaetae, C) lateral view of spermatheca and male genitalia in segments X – XI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175409/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
B; 6C, pc)
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7AED6FDFFCB4FA04" box="[668,789,1501,1527]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="62.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="50.0">50–75 m</quantity>
long, about
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7BDB6FDFFC5FFA04" box="[938,1022,1501,1527]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5 m</quantity>
thick, 4–7 per bundle, straight and more or less parallel within bundle, with single­pointed and strongly curved tips. Spermathecal pores paired, located in line with dorsal somatic chaetae, anteriorly in X.
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBBC33D7B006C2FFC0CF9B4" box="[881,941,1581,1607]" name="Malta" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Male</collectingCountry>
pores paired, located in line with dorsal chaetae, in posterior part of XI.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBBC33C78B76C7FFEFCFF29" blockId="10.[151,1437,1261,2007]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1433,152,218]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBBC33D78B76C7FFEA3F964" box="[198,258,1661,1687]" name="Malta" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Male</collectingCountry>
and female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="94F50DC9FFBBC33D7A766C7FFDECF964" box="[519,589,1661,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,255,899,923]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,295,799]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[253,1334,274,875]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Olavius nivalis sp. nov. A) somatic chaeta, B) bundle of penial chaetae, C) lateral view of spermatheca and male genitalia in segments X – XI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175409/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C) paired. Vas deferens not muscular,
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7C7A6C7FFBF9F964" box="[1035,1112,1661,1687]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
wide for most parts, longer than atrium, coiled, gradually narrowing into atrium, cilia not observed but probably present inside. Atrium curved, somewhat kidney­shaped,
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7A5A6CCFFD10F914" box="[555,689,1741,1767]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="85.0">85–165 m</quantity>
long, about
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7B306CCFFC18F914" box="[833,953,1741,1767]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="55.0" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="35.0">35–75 m</quantity>
wide, with thin indistinct muscular layer, but cilia not observed in inner epithelium. Two large, somewhat lobed, prostate glands present, one located anterior to and attached to ental part of atrium, other located posterior to and attached to ectal end of atrium by broad stalk. Atrium opening into inner end of complex copulatory sac with heavily folded wall; this sac communicating with exterior through small (male) pore (pore not shown in
<figureCitation id="94F50DC9FFBBC33D7B946D6FFB8AF874" box="[997,1067,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,255,899,923]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,295,799]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[253,1334,274,875]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Olavius nivalis sp. nov. A) somatic chaeta, B) bundle of penial chaetae, C) lateral view of spermatheca and male genitalia in segments X – XI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175409/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C, as it is hidden under copulatory sac). Spermathecae (
<figureCitation id="94F50DC9FFBBC33D79B36D97FDA9F85C" box="[450,520,1941,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,255,899,923]" captionTargetBox="[270,1314,295,799]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[253,1334,274,875]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Olavius nivalis sp. nov. A) somatic chaeta, B) bundle of penial chaetae, C) lateral view of spermatheca and male genitalia in segments X – XI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175409/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C, s) slender, thin­walled, totally
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7BE36D97FB89F85C" box="[914,1064,1941,1967]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="265.0" valueMin="185.0">185–265 m</quantity>
long, with ampullae
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7D526D97FA3DF85C" box="[1315,1436,1941,1967]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="29.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="22.0">22–36 m</quantity>
wide, and ducts only
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D79EB6DBFFDB4F824" box="[410,533,1981,2007]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="24.0">24–36 m</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="CB36BCA9FFBBC33D7A156DBFFD7EF824" box="[612,735,1981,2007]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="18.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="14.0">14–22 m</quantity>
wide, shape of ampullae somewhat variable, but typically bipartite, with inner about two thirds separated from outer part by a constriction. Each spermatheca contains bundle of sperm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="58B141C4FFBAC33C78E66981FE5FFC4E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175409/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[270,1314,295,799]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBAC33C78E66981FE5FFC4E" blockId="11.[151,1435,899,957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C78E66981FE81FC68" bold="true" box="[151,288,899,923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C79576981FE66FC69" box="[294,455,899,922]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nivalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C79576981FE66FC69" box="[294,455,899,922]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Olavius nivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25897025FFBAC33C79BF6981FD80FC69" box="[462,545,899,922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A) somatic chaeta, B) bundle of penial chaetae, C) lateral view of spermatheca and male genitalia in segments X–XI.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBAC33C78E669E9FEB8FBF6" blockId="11.[151,1164,1003,1069]" box="[151,281,1003,1029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Etymology</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBAC33C78B76E11FB2DFBDE" blockId="11.[151,1164,1003,1069]" box="[198,1164,1043,1069]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
Named
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C79536E11FE72FBDF" box="[290,467,1043,1068]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C79536E11FE72FBDF" box="[290,467,1043,1068]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Olavius nivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Latin for “snow white”) due to its distinctly white colour.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBAC33C78E66E61FEA1FB8E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1123,1389]" box="[151,256,1123,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Remarks</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBAC33C78B76E8EFB8CFA9E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1123,1389]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C78B76E8EFED6FB56" box="[198,375,1164,1189]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C78B76E8EFED6FB56" box="[198,375,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Olavius nivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the largest species of gutless
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C7B316E89FC45FB56" box="[832,996,1163,1189]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phallodrilinae">Phallodrilinae</taxonomicName>
known to date; otherwise is seems to be closely related to
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C79FB6EB6FDBCFB3E" box="[394,541,1204,1229]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lifouensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C79FB6EB6FDBCFB3E" box="[394,541,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBAC33C79FB6EB6FE03FB3E" box="[394,418,1204,1229]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">O</collectingCountry>
. lifouensis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25897025FFBAC33C7A546EB1FD21FB3E" box="[549,640,1203,1229]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see above). Both species have few secondary annuli, stout somatic chaetae in bundles of two throughout the worm, multiple but rather short penial chaetae, dorsal spermathecal pores, deeply folded copulatory sacs (lacking particular papillae inside), and filiform spermathecae. In addition to the difference in general body dimensions, however,
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C7B136F2EFC74FAB6" box="[866,981,1324,1349]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C7B136F2EFC74FAB6" box="[866,981,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBAC33C7B136F2EFCDBFAB6" box="[866,890,1324,1349]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">O</collectingCountry>
. nivalis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C7C906F2EFAD6FAB6" box="[1249,1399,1324,1349]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lifouensis">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C7C906F2EFAD6FAB6" box="[1249,1399,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBAC33C7C906F2EFB58FAB6" box="[1249,1273,1324,1349]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">O</collectingCountry>
. lifouensis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its lack of a narrow duct­like portion set­off from the main body of the atrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBAC33C78E66FA1FE0CFA4E" blockId="11.[151,1114,1443,1509]" box="[151,429,1443,1469]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Distribution and habitat</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBAC33C78B76FC9FBFBFA16" blockId="11.[151,1114,1443,1509]" box="[198,1114,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBAC33C78B76FC9FEDDFA16" box="[198,380,1483,1509]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(Grande Terre). Intertidal and and barely subtidal coarse sand.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBAC33C78E66C41FEB6F9AE" blockId="11.[151,279,1603,1629]" box="[151,279,1603,1629]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Discussion</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBAC33C78E66C91FC95F81E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1683,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
The South­west Pacific Ocean appears to be one of several hotspots for gutless
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C7C226C91FB56F95E" box="[1107,1271,1683,1709]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phallodrilinae">Phallodrilinae</taxonomicName>
in the world. Thirteen species had been reported from Queensland (
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBAC33C7B5C6CB9FC3FF926" box="[813,926,1723,1749]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Australia</collectingCountry>
), the
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBAC33C7B946CB9FB0FF926" box="[997,1198,1723,1749]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBAC33C7C9E6CB9FAB9F926" box="[1263,1304,1723,1749]" name="Fiji" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Fiji</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBAC33C7D5A6CB9FF74F90E" author="Jamieson" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" refString="Jamieson, B. G. M. (1977) Marine meiobenthic Oligochaeta from Heron and Wistari Reefs (Great Barrier Reef) of the genera Clitellio, Limnodriloides and Phallodrilus (Tubificidae) and Grania (Enchytraeidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 61, 329 - 349." type="journal article" year="1977">Jamieson 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBAC33C78946CE1FEDDF90E" author="Erseus" box="[229,380,1763,1789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="57" refString="Erseus, C. (1981) Taxonomic studies of Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) from the Great Barrier Reef and the Comoro Islands, with descriptions of ten new species and one new genus. Zoologica Scripta, 10, 15 - 31." type="journal article" year="1981">Erséus 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBAC33C79FC6CE1FE68F90E" author="Erseus" box="[397,457,1763,1789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="57" refString="Erseus, C. (1984) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the gutless Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae), with descriptions of one new genus and twenty-two new species. Zoologica Scripta, 13, 239 - 272." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
) prior to the present work, one being a yet unnamed species closely related to
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C78E66D0EFD8FF8D6" authority="Erseus, 1981" authorityName="Erseus" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,558,1803,1829]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="avisceralis">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C78E66D0EFEDBF8D6" box="[151,378,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Olavius avisceralis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBAC33C79FA6D09FD87F8D6" author="Erseus" box="[395,550,1803,1829]" pageId="11" pageNumber="57" refString="Erseus, C. (1981) Taxonomic studies of Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) from the Great Barrier Reef and the Comoro Islands, with descriptions of ten new species and one new genus. Zoologica Scripta, 10, 15 - 31." type="journal article" year="1981">Erséus, 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBAC33C7A196D09FD5FF8D6" author="Erseus" box="[616,766,1803,1829]" pageId="11" pageNumber="58" refString="Erseus, C. (1997) Marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the Montebello and Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, with descriptions of twenty-three new species. In: Wells, F. E. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, 389 - 458." type="book chapter" year="1997">Erséus 1997</bibRefCitation>
). With the addition of the six new
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C7CD06D0EFB5DF8D6" box="[1185,1276,1804,1829]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C7CD06D0EFB5DF8D6" box="[1185,1276,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Olavius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBAC33C78E66D31FEEEF8BE" box="[151,335,1843,1869]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, the total score is now 19 species (15
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C7B756D36FCFEF8BE" box="[772,863,1844,1869]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C7B756D36FCFEF8BE" box="[772,863,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Olavius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 4
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBAC33C7BF26D36FBA4F8BE" box="[899,1029,1844,1869]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Inanidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBAC33C7BF26D36FBA4F8BE" box="[899,1029,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Inanidrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from this area. Nevertheless, several other new taxa and range extensions in this part of the world are yet to be accounted for; e.g., the first author’s collections from
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBAC33C79BB6D81FD23F86E" box="[458,642,1923,1949]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
contain a number of other gutless species, previously known only from Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, and these and other new records, from Lord Howe
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBAC33C7CDD6DA9FB55F836" box="[1196,1268,1963,1989]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Island</collectingCountry>
and the Great Barrier Reef, will be treated elsewhere (Erséus, in prep.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="44D442C7FFBDC33B78B76A9AFC0EFBB9" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBDC33B78B76A9AFE7DFE51" blockId="12.[151,1439,152,1098]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B78B76A9AFE83FF42" box="[198,290,152,177]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B78B76A9AFE83FF42" box="[198,290,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Olavius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically a more heterogeneous group of species than
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7C516A9AFB03FF42" box="[1056,1186,152,177]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Inanidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7C516A9AFB03FF42" box="[1056,1186,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Inanidrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and as noted above,
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B78E66AC2FEBBFF2A" box="[151,282,192,217]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Inanidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B78E66AC2FEBBFF2A" box="[151,282,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Inanidrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be phylogenetically nested within
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7B446AC2FC30FF2A" box="[821,913,192,217]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7B446AC2FC30FF2A" box="[821,913,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Olavius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Erséus et al. in prep.). While the species of
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B78E66AEAFEBBFEF2" box="[151,282,232,257]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Inanidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B78E66AEAFEBBFEF2" box="[151,282,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Inanidrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are numerous in the Caribbean area (Atlantic Ocean) (see
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBDC33B7BB46AEAFBF8FEF1" author="Erseus" box="[965,1113,232,258]" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" refString="Erseus, C. (2003) The gutless Tubificidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of the Bahamas. Meiofauna Marina, 12, 59 - 84." type="journal article" year="2003">Erséus 2003</bibRefCitation>
), those recognized as members of
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B78896B12FEF2FEDA" box="[248,339,272,297]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B78896B12FEF2FEDA" box="[248,339,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Olavius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more predominant in the Indo­West Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBDC33B7BC66B12FBF0FED9" author="Erseus" box="[951,1105,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Erseus, C. (1981) Taxonomic studies of Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) from the Great Barrier Reef and the Comoro Islands, with descriptions of ten new species and one new genus. Zoologica Scripta, 10, 15 - 31." type="journal article" year="1981">Erséus 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBDC33B7C136B12FB3EFED9" author="Erseus" box="[1122,1183,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" refString="Erseus, C. (1984) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the gutless Phallodrilinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae), with descriptions of one new genus and twenty-two new species. Zoologica Scripta, 13, 239 - 272." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBDC33B7CC16B12FB5DFED9" author="Erseus" box="[1200,1276,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" refString="Erseus, C. (1990 b) The marine Tubificidae and Naididae (Oligochaeta) of Southwestern Australia. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I., Kirkman, H. &amp; Lethbridge, R. (Eds), Proceedings of the Third International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Albany, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, 1, 43 - 88." type="journal article" year="1990" yearSuffix="b">1990b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBDC33B7D7C6B12FAEBFED9" author="Erseus" box="[1293,1354,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" refString="Erseus, C. (1993) The marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I., Kirkman, H. &amp; Lethbridge, R. (Eds), Proceedings of the Fifth International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Western Australia Museum, Perth, 331 - 390." type="book chapter" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBDC33B7D2D6B12FA3BFED9" author="Erseus" box="[1372,1434,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" refString="Erseus, C. (1997) Marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the Montebello and Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, with descriptions of twenty-three new species. In: Wells, F. E. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, 389 - 458." type="book chapter" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
; present paper). It has proved difficult, however, to establish the sister group to
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7C2F6B3AFB41FEA2" box="[1118,1248,312,337]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Inanidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7C2F6B3AFB41FEA2" box="[1118,1248,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Inanidrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7D306B3AFA3DFEA2" box="[1345,1436,312,337]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7D306B3AFA3DFEA2" box="[1345,1436,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Olavius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Erséus et al. in prep.), and a thorough revision of the whole complex, based on morphological as well as DNA data, is badly needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C71114CFFBDC33B78B76BB2FC0EFBB9" blockId="12.[151,1439,152,1098]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
In the
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B79606BB2FECDFE3A" box="[273,364,432,457]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B79606BB2FECDFE3A" box="[273,364,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Olavius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
assemblage, certain subgroups are each composed of morphologically very similar species. One, here referred to as the “
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B799C6BDAFDE2FE02" box="[493,579,472,497]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="albidus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B799C6BDAFDE2FE02" box="[493,579,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">albidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group”, contains a high number of Indo­West Pacific forms with similar appearance of the atrium/copulatory sac and the number and shape of penial chaetae (these chaetae about 3 per bundle and with characteristically hooked tips). The members of this group are
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7CE4682AFF7FFD99" authority="Jamieson, 1977" authorityName="Jamieson" authorityYear="1977" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="albidus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7CE4682AFAB3FDB2" box="[1173,1298,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7CE4682AFB0CFDB2" box="[1173,1197,552,577]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. albidus
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBDC33B7D57682AFF77FD99" author="Jamieson" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" refString="Jamieson, B. G. M. (1977) Marine meiobenthic Oligochaeta from Heron and Wistari Reefs (Great Barrier Reef) of the genera Clitellio, Limnodriloides and Phallodrilus (Tubificidae) and Grania (Enchytraeidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 61, 329 - 349." type="journal article" year="1977">Jamieson, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B789B6852FE30FD9A" box="[234,401,592,617]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="propinquus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B789B6852FE30FD9A" box="[234,401,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B789B6852FEA3FD9A" box="[234,258,592,617]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. propinquus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an unnamed form similar to
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7A9A6852FCD1FD9A" box="[747,880,592,617]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="propinquus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7A9A6852FCD1FD9A" box="[747,880,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">propinquus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Western
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7C6C6852FB29FD99" box="[1053,1160,592,618]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Australia</collectingCountry>
(reported as
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7D536852FF6EFD62" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="propinquus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7D536852FF6EFD62" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7D536852FA9BFD9A" box="[1314,1338,592,617]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. propinquus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBDC33B788A687AFE2EFD61" author="Erseus" box="[251,399,632,658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" refString="Erseus, C. (1993) The marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I., Kirkman, H. &amp; Lethbridge, R. (Eds), Proceedings of the Fifth International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Western Australia Museum, Perth, 331 - 390." type="book chapter" year="1993">Erséus 1993</bibRefCitation>
; but see Remarks for
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7AFE687AFCBFFD62" box="[655,798,632,657]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="isomerus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7AFE687AFCBFFD62" box="[655,798,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7AFE687AFD06FD62" box="[655,679,632,657]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. isomerus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25897025FFBDC33B7B54687AFC21FD61" box="[805,896,632,658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
above),
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7B97687AFA86FD61" authority="Erseus, 1997" authorityName="Erseus" authorityYear="1997" box="[998,1319,632,658]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="albidoides">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7B97687AFB24FD62" box="[998,1157,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7B97687AFC5FFD62" box="[998,1022,632,657]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. albidoides
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBDC33B7CFD687AFA86FD61" author="Erseus" box="[1164,1319,632,658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" refString="Erseus, C. (1997) Marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the Montebello and Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, with descriptions of twenty-three new species. In: Wells, F. E. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, 389 - 458." type="book chapter" year="1997">Erséus, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7D42687AFEC1FD49" authority="Erseus, 1997" authorityName="Erseus" authorityYear="1997" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capillus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7D42687AFF18FD4A" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7D42687AFAEAFD62" box="[1331,1355,632,657]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. capillus
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="685F6CBDFFBDC33B78B268A2FEC1FD49" author="Erseus" box="[195,352,672,698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="58" refString="Erseus, C. (1997) Marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the Montebello and Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, with descriptions of twenty-three new species. In: Wells, F. E. (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, 389 - 458." type="book chapter" year="1997">Erséus, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B79D268A2FD95FD4A" box="[419,564,672,697]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="isomerus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B79D268A2FD95FD4A" box="[419,564,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B79D268A2FE1AFD4A" box="[419,443,672,697]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. isomerus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25897025FFBDC33B7A4C68A2FD3AFD49" box="[573,667,672,698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Two of these species (
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7BC268A2FBF5FD4A" box="[947,1108,672,697]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="albidoides">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7BC268A2FBF5FD4A" box="[947,1108,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7BC268A2FC6AFD4A" box="[947,971,672,697]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. albidoides
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7CE268A2FAB7FD4A" box="[1171,1302,672,697]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capillus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7CE268A2FAB7FD4A" box="[1171,1302,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7CE268A2FB0AFD4A" box="[1171,1195,672,697]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. capillus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are partly sympatric (at Montebello Islands, Western
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7AE668CAFCA4FD11" box="[663,773,712,738]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Australia</collectingCountry>
) and exhibit clear morphological differences. However, for two species pairs in particular,
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7A4868F2FD42FCFA" box="[569,739,752,777]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="propinquus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7A4868F2FD42FCFA" box="[569,739,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7A4868F2FDF0FCFA" box="[569,593,752,777]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. propinquus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7A9D68F2FCDDFCFA" box="[748,892,752,777]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="isomerus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7A9D68F2FCDDFCFA" box="[748,892,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7A9D68F2FCA5FCFA" box="[748,772,752,777]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. isomerus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25897025FFBDC33B7BF468F2FC43FCF9" box="[901,994,752,778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7C6F68F2FA96FCFA" box="[1054,1335,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7C6F68F2FB28FCFA" box="[1054,1161,752,777]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="loisae">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7C6F68F2FB97FCFA" box="[1054,1078,752,777]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. loisae
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7CE668F2FA96FCFA" box="[1175,1335,752,777]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paraloisae" status="sp. nov.">
<collectingCountry id="74D951DCFFBDC33B7CE668F2FB0AFCFA" box="[1175,1195,752,777]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">O</collectingCountry>
. paraloisae
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25897025FFBDC33B7D3168F2FA3DFCF9" box="[1344,1436,752,778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(both pairs treated in respective Remarks above), the respective forms are allopatric but show very small differerences, which means that they could be interpreted as geographical variants of a single, widely distributed species. This can only be resolved by molecular systematic methods that can establish the genetic distance between the populations/forms, preferably in combination with morphological data. For the time being, a conservative, morphology­based approach has been chosen, assigning these geographical forms to separate taxa, regardless of whether they in a “biological” or other meaning are true species. It appears that the
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7D7E69E2FEA0FBD2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7D7E69E2FA2EFC0A" box="[1295,1423,992,1017]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="propinquus">propinquus</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B78E66E0AFEA0FBD2" box="[151,257,1032,1057]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="isomerus">isomerus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
complex, as well as the rest of the “
<taxonomicName id="CBCE6ACFFFBDC33B7AB16E0AFCB7FBD2" box="[704,790,1032,1057]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Olavius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="albidus">
<emphasis id="3EBACD5EFFBDC33B7AB16E0AFCB7FBD2" box="[704,790,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">albidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group” may be a suitable object for a further genetic studies of speciation and radiative patterns in gutless phallodrilines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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