<documentid="94BC6CC2A7E619CCF6DD2CED80B289B0"ID-CLB-Dataset="298344"ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2557"ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f405d9-04c7-4cfe-9f28-b6edc3416cb0"ID-ISSN="2118-9773"ID-Zenodo-Dep="11526096"ID-ZooBank="6C66A1E4-7EA4-45B7-B261-5D3ED749568E"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar"checkinTime="1717844083798"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Lin, Chien-Hsiang, Steurbaut, Etienne & Nolf, Dirk"docDate="2024"docId="03971F35FFEFFFAD99632B59FDDAFC3E"docLanguage="en"docName="EJT.2024.935.203-240.pdf"docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 935"docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2557/11559"docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911"docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleVersion="14"docTitle="Conger biaculeatus"docType="treatment"docVersion="3"lastPageNumber="216"masterDocId="FFAE674DFFE4FFA09B062942FFADFFE2"masterDocTitle="Early Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA"masterLastPageNumber="240"masterPageNumber="203"pageNumber="214"updateTime="1718049141783"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0"zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0"zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:affiliationid="87B1571A0225EDCD7DB2F68C21DAF774">Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Seca 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="BDBBC95CA6082A41B17DF428C8A42602">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Vautier Street, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. & Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="6924C5D20D14FBCF94A58469CD2B91E5">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Vautier Street, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
<figureCitationid="1305B2A6FFEFFFAB99DD2B23FCF5FD99"box="[731,856,609,635]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1857,1883]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,976,1815]"captionTargetId="figure-90@11.[189,1398,976,1815]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 4. Fish otoliths from the US lower Eocene formations. A. Ariosoma sp., Meridian, Red Hot Truck Stop, Bashi Fm., Mississippi (IRSNB P 10717). B–C. Paraconger meridies (Frizzell & Lamber, 1962), Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia (IRSNB P 10718, P 10719). D–H. “Conger” biaculeatus sp. nov., Ozark, Bashi Fm., Alabama. D. Holotype (IRSNB P 10720). E–H. Paratypes (IRSNB P 10721 to P 10724). 1 = ventral view; 2 = inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11526104"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11526104/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="214">Fig. 4D–H</figureCitation>
<paragraphid="8B81AE23FFEFFFAB9BBB2B8DFE8AFCCC"blockId="11.[187,1398,719,814]"pageId="11"pageNumber="214">OL/OH = 1.8–1.9, OsL/CaL = 0.4–0.9. Small oval otoliths with salient and pointed rostrum and posterior rim. Wide sulcus, ostium opens widely to the antero-dorsal rim, cauda straight. Large colliculum visible in cauda.</paragraph>
<taxonomicNameid="4C3ED5A0FFEFFFAB98772E24FEA9F840"authority="(Frizzell & Lamber, 1962)"baseAuthorityName="Frizzell & Lamber"baseAuthorityYear="1962"family="Congridae"genus="Paraconger"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anguilliformes"pageId="11"pageNumber="214"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="meridies">
<bibRefCitationid="EFAFD3D2FFEFFFAB9F812E27FF51F840"author="Frizzell D. L. & Lamber C. K."pageId="11"pageNumber="214"pagination="87 - 101"refId="ref13311"refString="Frizzell D. L. & Lamber C. K. 1962. Distinctive " congrid type " fish otoliths from the lower Tertiary of the Gulf Coast (Pisces: Anguilliformes). Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, Series 4 32: 87 - 101."type="journal article"year="1962">Frizzell & Lamber, 1962</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia (IRSNB P 10718, P 10719).
<materialsCitationid="3B56A47EFFE8FFAC9BEC2876FE88FE6C"collectionCode="IRSNB"country="United States of America"location="Bashi Formation"municipality="Ozark"pageId="12"pageNumber="215"specimenCount="1"stateProvince="Alabama"typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountryid="F329EEB3FFE8FFAC9BBB2816FDFAFE8C"box="[189,599,340,366]"name="United States of America"pageId="12"pageNumber="215">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
• Left otolith;
<collectingRegionid="49FA60C1FFE8FFAC980F2816FCDBFE8C"box="[777,886,340,366]"country="United States of America"name="Alabama"pageId="12"pageNumber="215">Alabama</collectingRegion>
<locationid="8EE1F8F8FFE8FFAC98DD2816FB08FE8C"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03971F35FFEFFFAD99632B59FDDAFC3E:8EE1F8F8FFE8FFAC98DD2816FB08FE8C"box="[987,1189,340,366]"country="United States of America"municipality="Ozark"name="Bashi Formation"pageId="12"pageNumber="215"stateProvince="Alabama">Bashi Formation</location>
;
<figureCitationid="1305B2A6FFE8FFAC9FB52816FABFFE8C"box="[1203,1298,340,366]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1857,1883]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,976,1815]"captionTargetId="figure-90@11.[189,1398,976,1815]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 4. Fish otoliths from the US lower Eocene formations. A. Ariosoma sp., Meridian, Red Hot Truck Stop, Bashi Fm., Mississippi (IRSNB P 10717). B–C. Paraconger meridies (Frizzell & Lamber, 1962), Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia (IRSNB P 10718, P 10719). D–H. “Conger” biaculeatus sp. nov., Ozark, Bashi Fm., Alabama. D. Holotype (IRSNB P 10720). E–H. Paratypes (IRSNB P 10721 to P 10724). 1 = ventral view; 2 = inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11526104"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11526104/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="215">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
;
<collectionCodeid="ED2F36E6FFE8FFAC9E262816FADBFE8C"box="[1312,1398,340,366]"collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique"country="Belgium"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8"name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique"pageId="12"pageNumber="215">IRSNB</collectionCode>
<materialsCitationid="3B56A47EFFE8FFAC9BEC28F0FD56FDEE"collectionCode="IRSNB"country="United States of America"location="UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"municipality="Ozark"pageId="12"pageNumber="215"specimenCode="P 10721 to P 10724"specimenCount="13"stateProvince="Alabama"typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountryid="F329EEB3FFE8FFAC9BBB2891FDF8FE0E"box="[189,597,466,493]"name="United States of America"pageId="12"pageNumber="215">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
<figureCitationid="1305B2A6FFE8FFAC9F372890FB1CFE0E"box="[1073,1201,466,492]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1857,1883]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,976,1815]"captionTargetId="figure-90@11.[189,1398,976,1815]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 4. Fish otoliths from the US lower Eocene formations. A. Ariosoma sp., Meridian, Red Hot Truck Stop, Bashi Fm., Mississippi (IRSNB P 10717). B–C. Paraconger meridies (Frizzell & Lamber, 1962), Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia (IRSNB P 10718, P 10719). D–H. “Conger” biaculeatus sp. nov., Ozark, Bashi Fm., Alabama. D. Holotype (IRSNB P 10720). E–H. Paratypes (IRSNB P 10721 to P 10724). 1 = ventral view; 2 = inner view. Scale bars = 1 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11526104"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11526104/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="215">Fig. 4E–H</figureCitation>
; same collection data as for holotype;
<collectionCodeid="ED2F36E6FFE8FFAC9AB328B0FDA6FDEE"box="[437,523,498,524]"collectionName="Belgium, Brussels, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique"country="Belgium"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7r2-61q8"name="Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique"pageId="12"pageNumber="215">IRSNB</collectionCode>
<specimenCodeid="DB980658FFE8FFAC991428B1FD56FDEE"box="[530,763,498,525]"pageId="12"pageNumber="215">P 10721 to P 10724</specimenCode>
<collectingCountryid="F329EEB3FFE8FFAC9BBB2B1CFE45FD9A"box="[189,488,606,632]"name="United States of America"pageId="12"pageNumber="215">United States of America</collectingCountry>
, Ozark (
<collectingRegionid="49FA60C1FFE8FFAC994C2B1CFD17FD9A"box="[586,698,606,632]"country="United States of America"name="Alabama"pageId="12"pageNumber="215">Alabama</collectingRegion>
<bibRefCitationid="EFAFD3D2FFE8FFAC99752E27FCBAF89D"author="Stinton F. C."box="[627,791,1893,1919]"pageId="12"pageNumber="215"pagination="404 - 464"refId="ref14623"refString="Stinton F. C. 1966. Fish otoliths from the London Clay. In: Casier E. (ed.) Faune ichthyologique du London Clay 2: 404 - 464. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London."type="journal article"year="1966">Stinton, 1966</bibRefCitation>
), Rappahannock River, Potapaco Member, Virginia (IRSNB P 10728).
<bibRefCitationid="EFAFD3D2FFE8FFAC99CF2ECAFCCDF840"author="Priem F."box="[713,864,1928,1954]"pageId="12"pageNumber="215"pagination="151 - 158"refId="ref14201"refString="Priem F. 1913. Sur les otolithes de l'Eocene du Cotentin et de Bretagne. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 13: 151 - 158."type="journal article"year="1913">Priem, 1913</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, Meridian, Red Hot Truck Stop, Bashi Fm., Mississippi (IRSNB P 10729).
sp. nov. is characterized by oval-shaped otoliths with pointed anterior and posterior rims. The otoliths are moderately thick and have smooth margins, with slightly convex inner and outer faces. The deepest part of the otoliths is in their central part, where the ventral rim is slightly angled. The sulcus is wide and not well-divided into ostium and cauda, opening antero-dorsally on the anterior rim. A large colliculum fills the sulcus, which is more visible in the cauda. The ostial crista superior curves markedly upwards, and the caudal cristae are well-developed. The cauda is short, straight, and ends well before the posterior rim, while the crista inferior is almost straight without constriction. The size of the ventral area is comparable to the dorsal one.
<bibRefCitationid="EFAFD3D2FFE9FFAD997E2A6CFCE1FCAA"author="Lin C. - H. & Nolf D."box="[632,844,814,840]"pageId="13"pageNumber="216"pagination="1 - 122"refId="ref13528"refString="Lin C. - H. & Nolf D. 2022. Middle and late Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA. European Journal of Taxonomy 814 (1): 1 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2022.814.1745"type="journal article"year="2022">Lin & Nolf (2022</bibRefCitation>
: figs 12d–g, 13a–c), which suggests that it may belong to an extinct taxon within the family
<emphasisid="B94A7231FFE9FFAD9BBB2AD0FD64FC4F"bold="true"box="[189,713,914,941]"pageId="13"pageNumber="216">Stratigraphic and geographic distribution</emphasis>
<collectingRegionid="49FA60C1FFE9FFAD99032A80FDDEFC3E"box="[517,627,962,988]"country="United States of America"name="Alabama"pageId="13"pageNumber="216">Alabama</collectingRegion>
