treatments-xml/data/03/A6/5D/03A65D1AFFE6FFD20DF653ED2399F9E7.xml

<document id="341945BC7B3C2E945F231CFDF4299576" ID-CLB-Dataset="22545" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4589.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="375480cc-1f64-4e37-ba9d-a087e7cb34ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772209" ID-ZooBank="860E8CF0-A245-46DA-9023-B0BD825730D0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588056719988" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shakhovskoy, Ilia B. &amp; Parin, Nikolay V." docDate="2019" docId="03A65D1AFFE6FFD20DF653ED2399F9E7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4589.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4589 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cheilopogon (Amustotrogon) marisrubri Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FF9F2562FFFBFFF10D61501A221BFFEC" masterDocTitle="A review of the flying fish genus Cypselurus (Beloniformes: Exocoetidae). Part 1. Revision of the subgenus Zonocypselurus Parin and Bogorodsky, 2011 with descriptions of one new subgenus, four new species and two new subspecies and reinstatement of one species as valid" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698837599151" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5858BF3B5AD3149D8B745D6C958CD4F2">A review of the flying fish genus Cypselurus (Beloniformes: Exocoetidae). Part 1. Revision of the subgenus Zonocypselurus Parin and Bogorodsky, 2011 with descriptions of one new subgenus, four new species and two new subspecies and reinstatement of one species as valid</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B8D962FF7E94361160C4EFE033F7A01C">Shakhovskoy, Ilia B.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0F85B60FFE6FFEC0DF653ED20FCFBFE" bold="true" box="[151,743,1015,1042]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFE6FFEC0DF653ED2099FBFD" authority="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin, 2019" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,642,1015,1042]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Amustotrogon">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0DF653ED2329FBFD" bold="true" box="[151,306,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cheilopogon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0C2253ED23F4FBFD" bold="true" box="[323,495,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Amustotrogon</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0F6153ED2099FBFD" bold="true" box="[512,642,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">marisrubri</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C315BF87FFE6FFEC0DF6542423E0FBBB" box="[151,507,1086,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE6FFEC0DF6542423E0FBBB" blockId="29.[151,962,1015,1111]" box="[151,507,1086,1111]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
(
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE6FFEC0DFE542422F6FBBB" box="[159,237,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,896,918]" captionTargetBox="[179,1413,205,859]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1437,193,874]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of flying fishes Cheilopogon formosus formosus (□), Ch. formosus pseudospilopterus (Δ), Ch. formosus andamanicus (◊), Ch. marisrubri (○), Cheilopogon (Ptenichthys) sp.1 (x) and Cheilopogon (Ptenichthys) sp. 2 (+). Filled symbols indicate capture location for fishes ≤100 mm SL, open symbols indicate capture location for fishes&gt;100 mm SL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772215/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE6FFEC0D9B54252359FBBB" box="[250,322,1087,1111]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 11" captionStart-1="FIGURE 12" captionStart-2="FIGURE 13" captionStart-3="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="31.[151,250,1939,1961]" captionStartId-1="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionStartId-2="33.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionStartId-3="34.[151,250,845,867]" captionTargetBox-0="[176,1404,210,1910]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1314,210,1860]" captionTargetBox-3="[192,1371,221,802]" captionTargetId-0="figure@31.[150,1436,193,1936]" captionTargetId-1="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetId-2="figure@33.[234,1349,193,1877]" captionTargetId-3="figure@34.[150,1436,193,824]" captionTargetPageId-0="31" captionTargetPageId-1="32" captionTargetPageId-2="33" captionTargetPageId-3="34" captionText-0="FIGURE 11. Flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—39 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (C)—53 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (D)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (E)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (F)—139.5 mm SL, ZMMU P-24080 (holotype), 14°05’N 42°20’E." captionText-1="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." captionText-2="FIGURE 13. Pectoral fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place; (D)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (E)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03417, 20°07’N 37°44’E; (F)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03423 (paratype), 14°05’N 42°20’E; (G)—136 mm SL, IORAS 03421, 15°55’N 41°32’E; (H)—159 mm SL, IORAS 03425, 16°48’N 41°01’E." captionText-3="FIGURE 14. Pelvic fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772235" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772239" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772241" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3772235/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3772239/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3772241/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">11–14</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE6FFEC0C2C54252370FBBB" box="[333,363,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[484,1107,215,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[415,1172,169,1928]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 18. Size variation of morphometric characters in flying fishes Cypselurus bosha (□), C. olpar (○), Cheilopogon formosus (x), Ch. marisrubri (+), Ch. katherinae (◊), Cheilopogon sp. 1 (∆) and Cheilopogon sp. 2 (▲). (A)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV), (B)—length of pelvic fin (lV), (C)—greatest head depth (Hc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772249/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">18</figureCitation>
; Tables 1–7)
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFE6FFEC0DF6549C2369FB70" ID-CoL="33JC4" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[151,370,1158,1180]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cypselurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexazona">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0DF6549C2369FB70" box="[151,370,1158,1180]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cypselurus hexazona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non Bleeker). 
<treatmentCitation id="0AAECA1DFFE6FFEC0F7B549C2180FB70" author="Parin, N. V. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V." box="[538,923,1158,1180]" page="683" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E91FDFFE6FFEC0F7B549C2180FB70" author="Parin, N. V. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V." box="[538,923,1158,1180]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="658 - 661" refId="ref52662" refString="Parin, N. V. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V. (2011) Distribution and morphology of flying fish Cypselurus hexazona placed into a separate subgenus Zonocypselurus subgen. nov. Voprosy Ikhtiologii, Vol. 51 (5), 683 - 686. [In Russian, English translation in Journal of Ichthyology, 51 (8), 658 - 661 (second author misspelled as Bogorodskiy)]" type="journal article" year="2011">Parin &amp; Bogorodsky, 2011: 683–686</bibRefCitation>
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[
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English translation], fig. 1 (in part; description, distribution (
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFE6FFEC0CA754BF2005FB57" box="[454,542,1189,1211]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
)).
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This species was previously identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFE6FFEC0F0954F220E9FAEC" ID-CoL="33JC4" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[616,754,1256,1280]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cypselurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexazona">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0F0954F220E9FAEC" box="[616,754,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. hexazona</emphasis>
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in the collections studied both in juvenile and adult stages.
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<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0DA6551623ABFAC9" bold="true" box="[199,432,1292,1317]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Material examined.</emphasis>
Sixty four specimens, 
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SL.
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<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0DA6552A23F8FAA4" box="[199,483,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Full morphological study</emphasis>
. 
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<collectionCode id="ED1E74C9FFE6FFEC0C93552A2052FAAB" box="[498,585,1328,1351]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
P-24080, 
<typeStatus id="54B452AEFFE6FFEC0FDE5535213AFAA4" box="[703,801,1327,1352]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0E50553521BEFAAB" box="[817,933,1327,1352]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="139.5">139.5 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0E875535265DFAA4" box="[998,1094,1327,1352]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="14.083333">14°05’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC092E552A26B5FAA4" box="[1103,1198,1328,1352]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="42.333332">42°20’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC09DA55352726FAA4" box="[1211,1341,1327,1352]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-10-15">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC09DA55352726FAA4" box="[1211,1341,1327,1352]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-10-15">15.10.1960</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0829552A2107FA81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011204" collectingDate="1977-12-06" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="21.35" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="38.066666" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03413" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0829552A22C6FA80" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03413</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0D95554E236EFA80" box="[244,373,1364,1388]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.148" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1148.0">1, 148 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0CDC554E2005FA80" box="[445,542,1364,1388]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="21.35">21°21’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0F4B554E2091FA80" box="[554,650,1364,1388]" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="38.066666">38°04’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0FFB554E2107FA81" box="[666,796,1364,1389]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1977-12-06">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0FFB554E2107FA81" box="[666,796,1364,1389]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1977-12-06">12.06.1977</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0E4A554E2782FA80" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011104" box="[811,1433,1364,1389]" collectingDate="1983-03-07" collectionCode="IORAS" location="Red Sea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03414" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0E4A554E21CAFA80" box="[811,977,1364,1388]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03414</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0E89554E2672FA80" box="[1000,1129,1364,1389]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1629999999999998" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1163.0">1, 163 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFE6FFEC09D0554E270EFA80" box="[1201,1301,1364,1389]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0844554E2782FA80" box="[1317,1433,1364,1388]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1983-03-07">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0844554E2782FA80" box="[1317,1433,1364,1388]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1983-03-07">7.03.1983</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0DF6556221FCFA7C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011112" box="[151,999,1399,1424]" collectionCode="IORAS" location="Aden" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03415" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gulf" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0DF655622320FA7C" box="[151,315,1399,1424]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03415</specimenCode>
, 
<typeStatus id="54B452AEFFE6FFEC0C24556223ABFA7C" box="[325,432,1400,1424]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(2, 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0CBD556D2064FA63" box="[476,639,1399,1424]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.45" metricValueMax="9.45" metricValueMin="5.45" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="74.5" valueMax="94.5" valueMin="54.5">54.5–94.5 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFE6FFEC0FDC556D20EAFA7C" box="[701,753,1399,1424]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of 
<location id="8ED0BAD7FFE6FFEC0E74556D214EFA7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A65D1AFFE6FFD20DF653ED2399F9E7:8ED0BAD7FFE6FFEC0E74556D214EFA7C" box="[789,853,1399,1424]" name="Aden" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Gulf">Aden</location>
, end of 1962
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0E9355622346FA58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011127" collectionCode="IORAS" location="Aden" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03416" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gulf" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0E9355622688FA7C" box="[1010,1171,1399,1424]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03416</specimenCode>
(1, 69 mm SL), 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFE6FFEC082A556D2765FA7C" box="[1355,1406,1399,1424]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of 
<location id="8ED0BAD7FFE6FFEC0DF6558622CFFA59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A65D1AFFE6FFD20DF653ED2399F9E7:8ED0BAD7FFE6FFEC0DF6558622CFFA59" box="[151,212,1436,1461]" name="Aden" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Gulf">Aden</location>
or 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFE6FFEC0D9A55862346FA58" box="[251,349,1436,1461]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0C09558621B8FA58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011115" box="[360,931,1436,1460]" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="20.116667" longLatPrecision="1269" longitude="37.733334" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03417" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gulf" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0C0955862010FA58" box="[360,523,1436,1460]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03417</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0F7F55862083FA58" box="[542,664,1436,1460]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.133" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1133.0">1, 133 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0FB855862122FA58" box="[729,825,1436,1460]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="20.116667">20°07’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0E23558621B8FA58" box="[834,931,1436,1460]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="37.733334">37°44’E</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0ECE55862361FA34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011102" collectingDate="1977-06-08" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="17.716667" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="39.333332" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03418" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gulf" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0ECE5586264AFA58" box="[943,1105,1436,1460]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03418</specimenCode>
(8, 33– 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC09CB558626E1FA58" box="[1194,1274,1436,1461]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC085A55862787FA58" box="[1339,1436,1436,1460]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="17.716667">17°43’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0DF655DA22ECFA34" box="[151,247,1472,1496]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="39.333332">39°20’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0C6655A52361FA34" box="[263,378,1471,1496]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1977-06-08">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0C6655A52361FA34" box="[263,378,1471,1496]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1977-06-08">8.06.1977</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0CE855DA26A4FA34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011118" box="[393,1215,1471,1496]" collectingDate="1964-06-05" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="13.45" longLatPrecision="1291" longitude="42.85" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03419" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gulf" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0CE855DA2035FA34" box="[393,558,1472,1496]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03419</specimenCode>
(3, 141– 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0FFB55A5210AFA3B" box="[666,785,1471,1496]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="157.5">157.5 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0E3955DA21A3FA34" box="[856,952,1472,1496]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="13.45">13°27’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0EA555A5263FFA34" box="[964,1060,1471,1496]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="42.85">42°51’E</geoCoordinate>
, 4- 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC092855A526A4FA34" box="[1097,1215,1471,1496]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1964-06-05">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC092855A526A4FA34" box="[1097,1215,1471,1496]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1964-06-05">5.06.1964</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC09AC55DA2016FA11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011111" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="25.0" location="Red Sea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03420" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC09AC55DA2768FA34" box="[1229,1395,1472,1496]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03420</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC08E855DA2310FA10" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1065" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1106.5">1, 106.5 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFE6FFEC0C2E55FE23AAFA10" box="[335,433,1508,1533]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
, ~ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0CAE55FE2016FA11" box="[463,525,1508,1533]" degrees="25" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="55555" value="25.0">25°N</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0F7A55FE2720FA11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011206" box="[539,1339,1508,1533]" collectingDate="1960-04-19" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="15.916667" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="41.533333" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03421" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0F7A55FE20A5FA10" box="[539,702,1508,1532]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03421</specimenCode>
(2, 136– 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0E4955FE2186FA10" box="[808,925,1508,1533]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.605" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="160.5">160.5 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0E8055FE2659FA11" box="[993,1090,1508,1533]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="15.916667">15°55’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC092A55FE26B0FA10" box="[1099,1195,1508,1532]" degrees="41" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="41.533333">41°32’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC09D855FE2720FA11" box="[1209,1339,1508,1533]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-04-19">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC09D855FE2720FA11" box="[1209,1339,1508,1533]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-04-19">19.04.1960</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC082955FE2156F9CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011101" collectingDate="1980-01-28" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="17.933332" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="39.816666" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03422" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC082955FE22C6F9CC" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03422</specimenCode>
(2, 135– 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0C22561D23ADF9F3" box="[323,438,1543,1568]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="137.5">137.5 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0C97561D204CF9CC" box="[502,599,1543,1568]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="17.933332">17°56’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0F3E561220DBF9CC" box="[607,704,1544,1568]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="39.816666">39°49’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0FAD56122156F9CC" box="[716,845,1544,1568]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1980-01-28">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0FAD56122156F9CC" box="[716,845,1544,1568]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1980-01-28">28.01.1980</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0E3856122033F9A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011106" collectingDate="1960-10-15" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="14.083333" longLatPrecision="1289" longitude="42.333332" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03423" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0E38561221E5F9CC" box="[857,1022,1544,1568]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03423</specimenCode>
, 
<typeStatus id="54B452AEFFE6FFEC096B5612266EF9CC" box="[1034,1141,1544,1568]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(3, 127, 133 and 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC085E56122786F9F3" box="[1343,1437,1544,1568]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="134.0">134 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0DB15636232AF9A9" box="[208,305,1580,1605]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="14.083333">14°05’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0C5856362382F9A8" box="[313,409,1580,1604]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="42.333332">42°20’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0CC756362033F9A9" box="[422,552,1580,1605]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-10-15">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0CC756362033F9A9" box="[422,552,1580,1605]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-10-15">15.10.1960</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0F55563626F6F9A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011144" box="[564,1261,1580,1605]" collectingDate="1977-11-06" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="19.65" longLatPrecision="1271" longitude="38.75" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03424" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0F55563620CDF9A8" box="[564,726,1580,1604]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03424</specimenCode>
(1, 45 mm SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0EF6563621ECF9A8" box="[919,1015,1580,1604]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="19.65">19°39’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC09615636267BF9A9" box="[1024,1120,1580,1605]" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="38.75">38°45’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC090C563626F6F9A9" box="[1133,1261,1580,1605]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1977-11-06">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC090C563626F6F9A9" box="[1133,1261,1580,1605]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1977-11-06">11.06.1977</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC099B563620E6F984" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011117" collectingDate="1978-05-25" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="16.8" longLatPrecision="1281" longitude="41.016666" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03425" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC099B56362787F9A9" box="[1274,1436,1580,1605]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03425</specimenCode>
(3, 143– 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0D9956552342F98B" box="[248,345,1615,1640]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="159.0">159 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0CC15655201AF984" box="[416,513,1615,1640]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="16.8">16°48’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0F6D564A2070F984" box="[524,619,1616,1640]" degrees="41" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="41.016666">41°01’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0F1A565520E6F984" box="[635,765,1615,1640]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1978-05-25">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0F1A565520E6F984" box="[635,765,1615,1640]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1978-05-25">25.05.1978</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0E6A564A2303F961" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011183" collectingDate="1960-10-15" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="14.083333" longLatPrecision="1289" longitude="42.333332" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03426" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0E6A564A21ABF984" box="[779,944,1615,1640]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03426</specimenCode>
(8, 76– 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC09715655269EF98B" box="[1040,1157,1615,1640]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="102.5">102.5 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC09AD56552737F984" box="[1228,1324,1615,1640]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="14.083333">14°05’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0856564A278CF984" box="[1335,1431,1616,1640]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="42.333332">42°20’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0DF6566E2303F961" box="[151,280,1652,1677]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-10-15">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0DF6566E2303F961" box="[151,280,1652,1677]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-10-15">15.10.1960</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0C47566E262FF961" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011119" box="[294,1076,1652,1677]" collectingDate="1958-06-19" collectionCode="USNM" latitude="17.85" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="38.916668" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED1E74C9FFE6FFEC0C47566E236CF960" box="[294,375,1652,1676]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
uncat. (3, 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0C97566E208EF960" box="[502,661,1652,1677]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.975" metricValueMax="13.9" metricValueMin="4.05" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="89.75" valueMax="139.0" valueMin="40.5">40.5–139 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0FB8566E2120F961" box="[729,827,1652,1677]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="17.85">17°51’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0E25566E21BFF961" box="[836,932,1652,1677]" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="38.916668">38°55’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0ED2566E262FF961" box="[947,1076,1652,1677]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1958-06-19">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0ED2566E262FF961" box="[947,1076,1652,1677]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1958-06-19">19.06.1958</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0920566F23F1F95C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011098" collectingDate="1964-11-29" collectionCode="ZMH" latitude="11.916667" longLatPrecision="1294" longitude="43.65" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="ZMH 8709" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0920566F26DEF960" box="[1089,1221,1652,1676]" collectionCode="ZMH" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">ZMH 8709</specimenCode>
* (
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0984566E2779F960" box="[1253,1378,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1309999999999998" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1131.0">1, 131 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0DF6568D22ECF95C" box="[151,247,1687,1712]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="11.916667">11°55’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0D9C56822345F95C" box="[253,350,1688,1712]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="43.65">43°39’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0C08568D23F1F95C" box="[361,490,1687,1712]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1964-11-29">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0C08568D23F1F95C" box="[361,490,1687,1712]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1964-11-29">29.11.1964</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0C955682277AF95C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011130" box="[500,1377,1687,1712]" collectingDate="1964-12-25" collectionCode="SOSC" collectorName="Ref. No." latitude="20.583334" longLatPrecision="1267" longitude="38.133335" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Al Bahr al Ahmar" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED1E74C9FFE6FFEC0C9556822021F95C" box="[500,570,1688,1712]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">SOSC</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="26FA89DAFFE6FFEC0F20568D20BAF943" box="[577,673,1687,1712]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ref. No.</collectorName>
145 (7, 131.5– 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0E2C568D21B3F943" box="[845,936,1687,1712]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="158.0">158 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0E86568D2653F95C" box="[999,1096,1687,1712]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="20.583334">20°35’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC092E568226B4F95C" box="[1103,1199,1688,1712]" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="38.133335">38°08’E</geoCoordinate>
, 24- 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC09BC568D277AF95C" box="[1245,1377,1687,1712]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1964-12-25">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC09BC568D277AF95C" box="[1245,1377,1687,1712]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1964-12-25">25.12.1964</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE6FFEC0DF656A622DCF8AF" blockId="29.[151,1437,1255,1967]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0DF656A623CAF938" box="[151,465,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Partial morphological study</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0CBE56A626D7F939" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011194" box="[479,1228,1724,1749]" collectingDate="1963-10-21" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="19.316668" longLatPrecision="1272" longitude="38.583332" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03427" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0CBE56A6209BF938" box="[479,640,1724,1748]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03427</specimenCode>
(5, 61,5– 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0F8D56A62121F938" box="[748,826,1724,1749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="99.0">99 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0E1956A621C2F938" box="[888,985,1724,1748]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="19.316668">19°19’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0EBE56A62624F939" box="[991,1087,1724,1749]" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="38.583332">38°35’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC092A56A626D7F939" box="[1099,1228,1724,1749]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1963-10-21">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC092A56A626D7F939" box="[1099,1228,1724,1749]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1963-10-21">21.10.1963</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC09B756A6208CF914" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011100" collectingDate="1963-10-20" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="20.7" longLatPrecision="1266" longitude="37.566666" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03428" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC09B756A6276CF938" box="[1238,1399,1724,1748]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03428</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC08E856A622ECF91B" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.101" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1101.0">1, 101 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0C5D56FA2386F914" box="[316,413,1760,1784]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="20.7">20°42’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC0CC656FA201CF914" box="[423,519,1760,1784]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="37.566666">37°34’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0F7756C5208CF914" box="[534,663,1759,1784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1963-10-20">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0F7756C5208CF914" box="[534,663,1759,1784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1963-10-20">20.10.1963</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0FC456FA2783F914" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011108" box="[677,1432,1759,1784]" collectingDate="1960-10-15" collectionCode="IORAS" latitude="14.083333" longLatPrecision="1289" longitude="42.333332" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="IORAS 03426" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0FC456FA2152F914" box="[677,841,1759,1784]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IORAS 03426</specimenCode>
(6, 58– 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0EC656C521E3F91B" box="[935,1016,1759,1784]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="73.0">73 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC095C56C52685F914" box="[1085,1182,1759,1784]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="14.083333">14°05’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC09C956FA2713F914" box="[1192,1288,1760,1784]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="42.333332">42°20’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC087656C52783F914" box="[1303,1432,1759,1784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-10-15">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC087656C52783F914" box="[1303,1432,1759,1784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-10-15">15.10.1960</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0DF6571D2127F8F3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011196" box="[151,828,1798,1824]" collectingDate="1966-11-20" collectionCode="FRSKU" country="Egypt" location="Suez" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="FRSKU 39842" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="As Suways">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE6FFEC0DF6571D2358F8F3" box="[151,323,1799,1823]" collectionCode="FRSKU" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8sd2-qnyt" name="Kyoto University, Fisheries Research Station" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FRSKU 39842</specimenCode>
* (
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC0C02571D23C4F8F3" box="[355,479,1799,1823]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.134" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1134.0">1, 134 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFE6FFEC0F43571D2040F8F3" box="[546,603,1799,1823]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Suez</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F318AC9CFFE6FFEC0F08571220B4F8CC" box="[617,687,1800,1824]" name="Egypt" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0FDD571C2127F8F3" box="[700,828,1798,1823]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1966-11-20">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0FDD571C2127F8F3" box="[700,828,1798,1823]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1966-11-20">20.11.1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0E28571222D8F8AF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011123" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Egypt" location="Red Sea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="As Suways">
<collectionCode id="ED1E74C9FFE6FFEC0E2857122186F8F3" box="[841,925,1800,1823]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">BMNH</collectionCode>
1983.6.17.1-2 
<superScript id="7C7A4144FFE6FFEC092257192650F8FD" attach="left" box="[1091,1099,1795,1809]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">4</superScript>
(2, ~ 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC09F5571D2730F8F3" box="[1172,1323,1799,1823]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMax="1.41" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="137.0" valueMax="141.0" valueMin="133.0">133–141 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<location id="8ED0BAD7FFE6FFEC080E571C22D8F8AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A65D1AFFE6FFD20DF653ED2399F9E7:8ED0BAD7FFE6FFEC080E571C22D8F8AF" country="Egypt" name="Red Sea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="As Suways">Red Sea</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE6FFEC0DA657542787F843" blockId="29.[151,1437,1255,1967]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE6FFEC0DA657542787F843" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011126" collectingDate="1960-10-15" collectionCode="ZMMU, R, V" latitude="14.083333" longLatPrecision="1289" longitude="42.333332" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0DA65754232FF88B" bold="true" box="[199,308,1870,1895]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="54B452AEFFE6FFEC0DA65754232FF88B" box="[199,308,1870,1895]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE6FFEC0C26575423B3F88B" box="[327,424,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,210,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,193,1936]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—39 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (C)—53 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (D)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (E)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (F)—139.5 mm SL, ZMMU P-24080 (holotype), 14°05’N 42°20’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772235/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 11f</figureCitation>
). 
<collectionCode id="ED1E74C9FFE6FFEC0CA1574A200CF88B" box="[448,535,1872,1895]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
P-24080, 
<collectionCode id="ED1E74C9FFE6FFEC0FF4575520BCF88B" box="[661,679,1871,1895]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R</collectionCode>
/ 
<collectionCode id="ED1E74C9FFE6FFEC0FCE575520D8F88B" box="[687,707,1871,1895]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
&quot;Vityaz&quot; Cruise 33, Sta. 4781, Sample 13, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC09AA57542737F88B" box="[1227,1324,1870,1895]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="14.083333">14°05’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE6FFEC08595755278CF88B" box="[1336,1431,1871,1895]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="42.333332">42°20’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingMethod id="524E941BFFE6FFEC0DF65768236AF866" box="[151,369,1906,1931]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">captured by dip net</collectingMethod>
and night light near the surface, on 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFE6FFEC0E6D57682195F867" box="[780,910,1906,1931]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-10-15">
<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE6FFEC0E6D57682195F867" box="[780,910,1906,1931]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1960-10-15">15.10.1960</collectingDate>
</date>
. The immature female, 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE6FFEC09FA57682715F866" box="[1179,1294,1906,1931]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="139.5">139.5 mm</quantity>
SL. 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC082457692742F866" box="[1349,1369,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">D</emphasis>
11, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC08EA57692787F866" box="[1419,1436,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">A</emphasis>
10, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0DA0578222C9F843" box="[193,210,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P</emphasis>
I 14, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0C77578D234DF843" box="[278,342,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Spred</emphasis>
29, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0CE9578D23BDF842" box="[392,422,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Str</emphasis>
7½, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0C80578D2006F843" box="[481,541,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sp.br</emphasis>
24 (6 + 18), 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC0FD2578220C6F843" box="[691,733,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Vert</emphasis>
40 (26 + 14). Measurements (in % SL): 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC09CC578D26D0F842" box="[1197,1227,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">aA</emphasis>
76.7, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC08725782272EF843" box="[1299,1333,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">aD</emphasis>
73.3, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE6FFEC081C57822787F843" box="[1405,1436,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">aV</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE6FFEF0DF657C1214DFE67" blockId="29.[151,1321,2011,2033]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
4. These specimens have been studied basing only on photographs and x-rays provided by J. Maclaine (
<collectionCode id="ED1E74C9FFE6FFEC09AD57C12705F81D" box="[1228,1310,2011,2033]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">BMNH</collectionCode>
). 56.8, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0DB6508322EFFF5C" box="[215,244,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">cV</emphasis>
31.5, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0C5D50832340FF5C" box="[316,347,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">pV</emphasis>
40.3, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0CC2508323B4FF5C" box="[419,431,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">c</emphasis>
25.2, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0C995083200FFF5C" box="[504,532,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">po</emphasis>
11.3, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0F3A50832072FF5C" box="[603,617,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">o</emphasis>
8.0, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0FC3508320A5FF5C" box="[674,702,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">ao</emphasis>
5.8, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0F9950822115FF43" box="[760,782,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">io</emphasis>
9.1, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0E2950832172FF5C" box="[840,873,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hc</emphasis>
16.3, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0ED0508321DEFF5C" box="[945,965,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">H</emphasis>
17.2, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF096C50822600FF5C" box="[1037,1051,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">h</emphasis>
6.5, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF09355083266EFF5C" box="[1108,1141,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dc</emphasis>
26.3, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF09DC508226CDFF5C" box="[1213,1238,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">lP</emphasis>
65.3, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF087F50822724FF58" box="[1310,1343,152,180]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
lP 
<subScript id="178BEE49FFE5FFEF085650BC2724FF58" attach="left" box="[1335,1343,166,180]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
37.4, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF08E250822787FF5C" box="[1411,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">lV</emphasis>
25.3, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0DB450A522EAFF3B" box="[213,241,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">lD</emphasis>
16.4, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0C5750A52354FF3B" box="[310,335,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">lA</emphasis>
11.5, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0CF250DA23A0FF3B" box="[403,443,192,215]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">HD</emphasis>
-, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0CB950A523E6FF3A" box="[472,509,191,214]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">HA</emphasis>
-, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0F7A50DA2032FF3B" box="[539,553,192,215]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">p</emphasis>
15.1. Body dark above and pale below, without bands. Gill covers with specks. Pectoral fins pale gray with weakly discernable “mirror” to 4th ray and pale posterior edge. Tip of pectoral fin protrudes slightly beyond end of dorsal-fin base. Pelvic fins transparent, tip reaching 5th anal-fin ray. Dorsal fin gray; anal fin transparent. First anal-fin ray below 4th dorsal-fin ray. Caudal fin pale brown, slightly darker at base. Lower jaw longer than upper jaw; teeth relatively large (hardly visible with a naked eye), conical, arranged in two rows on both jaws near symphysis. Palatines with single tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE5FFEF0DA6518C22CDFE1B" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE5FFEF0DA6518C21B6FE43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011120" box="[199,941,406,431]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="IORAS 03423" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0DA6518C235DFE43" bold="true" box="[199,326,406,431]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<typeStatus id="54B452AEFFE5FFEF0DA6518C235AFE43" box="[199,321,406,431]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE5FFEF0C2C518D23EAFE43" box="[333,497,407,431]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">IORAS 03423</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D092785FFE5FFEF0C9D518D209DFE43" box="[508,646,406,431]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
127, 133 and 
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SL
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE5FFEF0ED8518D2007FE3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011125" collectingDate="1960-10-15" collectionCode="R, V" latitude="14.083333" longLatPrecision="1289" longitude="42.333332" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED1E74C9FFE5FFEF0ED8518D21D7FE43" box="[953,972,407,431]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">R</collectionCode>
/ 
<collectionCode id="ED1E74C9FFE5FFEF0EB5518D21F3FE43" box="[980,1000,407,431]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
&quot;Vityaz&quot; Cruise 33, Sta. 4781, Sample 13, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE5FFEF0DA251A0233FFE3F" box="[195,292,442,467]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="14.083333">14°05’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFE5FFEF0C4C51A12396FE3F" box="[301,397,443,467]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="42.333332">42°20’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
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<collectingDate id="EFF53324FFE5FFEF0CFA51A02007FE3F" box="[411,540,442,467]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1960-10-15">15.10.1960</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B67E651FFE5FFEF0F4851A122C8FE1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011124" collectionCode="IORAS" location="Aden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="IORAS 03415" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Gulf" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA94477FFE5FFEF0F4851A120D4FE3F" box="[553,719,442,467]" collectionCode="IORAS" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">IORAS 03415</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D092785FFE5FFEF0FBC51A12172FE3F" box="[733,873,442,467]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
54.5 and 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0EBF51A0265FFE3E" box="[990,1092,442,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="94.5">94.5 mm</quantity>
SL, the 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFE5FFEF09C851A026C7FE3F" box="[1193,1244,442,467]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of 
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, end of 1962
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315BF87FFE5FFD20DA6521823ABFD1C" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE5FFEF0DA65218233BFC6F" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0DA652182342FDF7" bold="true" box="[199,345,514,539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description.</emphasis>
Meristic and morphometric characters are given in Tables 1–7. 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF092A52192644FDF6" box="[1099,1119,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D</emphasis>
11–12, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF09A0521926C9FDF6" box="[1217,1234,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">A</emphasis>
9–11, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF08475219272CFDF6" box="[1318,1335,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P</emphasis>
I 13–15 (usually I 14), 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0C5B523D2361FDD3" box="[314,378,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Spred</emphasis>
25–30 (usually 26–29), 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0FEB523D20B2FDD2" box="[650,681,551,574]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Str</emphasis>
7–8 (usually 7½), 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0E1A523D21ACFDD3" box="[891,951,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sp.br</emphasis>
21–25 (5–7 + 16–19), 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF09D7523226FBFDD3" box="[1206,1248,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Vert</emphasis>
39–41 (25–26 + 13–16). Palatine teeth, if present (absent in 58% of the specimens studied), few in number: usually 1–4 teeth on anterior of palatines; occasional specimens with 5–10 teeth; absent in all juveniles under 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF091A527426D1FD6B" box="[1147,1226,622,647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
SL. Snout oblong, upper jaw usually slightly pointed at tip. Lower jaw longer than upper jaw or, in rare cases, of equal size; teeth usually unicuspid. Occasional specimens with few teeth with 1–2 additional cusps. Teeth of adults conical, arranged in 1–2 rows (very rarely in 3), and not as numerous and large (usually not visible or barely visible with the naked eye) as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFE5FFEF0C3552E523F1FCFB" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Kotthaus" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[340,490,767,791]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0C3552E523F1FCFB" box="[340,490,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ch. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Only in a few fish some teeth are curved at the tip. Jaw teeth of juveniles relatively small, conical or needle-shaped, and fewer in number than in large fish (arranged in one and only occasionally in two rows). Few recurved teeth are found only at about 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0E65535D2179FCB3" box="[772,866,839,863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 mm</quantity>
SL and above (found in 28% of fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0866535C2787FCB3" box="[1287,1436,838,863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.465" metricValueMax="1.63" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="146.5" valueMax="163.0" valueMin="130.0">130–163 mm</quantity>
SL studied).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE5FFEF0DA653942646FBDB" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Body elongate. Greatest body depth does not change with growth, 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0EB45394264CFC4B" box="[981,1111,910,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4541499999999998" metricValueMax="1.5875" metricValueMin="1.3208" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="5.725" valueMax="6.25" valueMin="5.2">5.2–6.25 in</quantity>
SL. Body width 1.06–1.27, depth of caudal peduncle 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0CA353A92049FC27" box="[450,594,946,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2611" metricValueMax="7.4168" metricValueMin="5.1053999999999995" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="2.465" valueMax="2.92" valueMin="2.01">2.01–2.92 in</quantity>
greatest body depth. Greatest head depth and head length almost do not change with growth, 5.4–6.5 and 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0F6D53CD2067FC03" box="[524,636,982,1007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0033" metricValueMax="1.0668" metricValueMin="0.9398" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="3.95" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.7">3.7–4.2 in</quantity>
SL, respectively. Head length 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0EB353CD2644FC03" box="[978,1119,982,1007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6797" metricValueMax="2.9718" metricValueMin="2.3876" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="1.055" valueMax="1.17" valueMin="0.94">0.94–1.17 in</quantity>
dorso-caudal distance. Eyes large, diameter greatly decreasing with growth: in juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0E5753E021A6FBFE" box="[822,957,1018,1043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="35.0">35–105 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0E9053E02674FBFF" box="[1009,1135,1018,1043]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5907999999999998" metricValueMax="3.0226" metricValueMin="2.159" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="10.2" valueMax="11.9" valueMin="8.5">8.5–11.9 in</quantity>
SL, 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF09C553E02738FBFF" box="[1188,1315,1018,1043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5405" metricValueMax="7.747" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="2.575" valueMax="3.05" valueMin="2.1">2.1–3.05 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF084853E1272EFBFE" box="[1321,1333,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">c</emphasis>
and 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF080A53E122FEFBDB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7304999999999997" metricValueMax="3.175" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="1.075" valueMax="1.25" valueMin="0.9">0.9– 1.25 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0D8D543A2319FBDB" box="[236,258,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">io</emphasis>
; in large fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0CFD5404202AFBDB" box="[412,561,1054,1079]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="145.0" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="125.0">125–165 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0F07540420E9FBDB" box="[614,754,1054,1079]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1242" metricValueMax="3.3274" metricValueMin="2.921" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="12.3" valueMax="13.1" valueMin="11.5">11.5–13.1 in</quantity>
SL, 3.0– 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0E3B54052182FBDB" box="[858,921,1054,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="3.3">3.3 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0EC1543A21B7FBDB" box="[928,940,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">c</emphasis>
, 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0EDB54042622FBDB" box="[954,1081,1054,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9845" metricValueMax="3.175" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="1.175" valueMax="1.25" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.25 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0921543A264DFBDB" box="[1088,1110,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">io</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE5FFEF0DA65458233FFB07" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Pectoral fins relatively short, length almost does not change with growth (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE5FFEF094854582697FBB7" box="[1065,1164,1090,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 12a</figureCitation>
), 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF09C554582703FBB7" box="[1188,1304,1090,1115]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 in</quantity>
SL. Tip of pectoral fin usually nearly to end of dorsal-fin base or protruses slightly beyond it, reaching no further than middle of caudal peduncle. First pectoral-fin ray unbranched; its length increasing slightly with growth (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE5FFEF086954902775FB4F" box="[1288,1390,1162,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 12b</figureCitation>
): in juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0C6254B42391FB2B" box="[259,394,1198,1223]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="35.0">35–105 mm</quantity>
SL, 2.4–3.0 in SL and 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0FED54B42110FB2B" box="[652,779,1198,1223]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3815" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="3.937" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="1.725" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.55">1.55–1.9 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0E7054B52131FB2B" box="[785,810,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">lP</emphasis>
; in large fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0EA254B42643FB2B" box="[963,1112,1198,1223]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="145.0" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="125.0">125–165 mm</quantity>
SL, 2.3–2.85 and 1.45–1.75, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE5FFEF0DA654EC2152F9E7" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Pelvic-fin base situated closer to posterior edge of head than to origin of lower lobe of caudal fin (
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF085F54E22740FAE3" box="[1342,1371,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">cV</emphasis>
/ 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF080554E22798FAE3" box="[1380,1411,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">pV</emphasis>
= 0.63–0.90). Pelvic fins shift slightly posteriorly as fish grows (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE5FFEF0E12550021C3FADF" box="[883,984,1306,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 12e</figureCitation>
). Length of pelvic fins decreases quite markedly from juveniles to adults (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE5FFEF0F7E55242064FABB" box="[543,639,1342,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 12c</figureCitation>
). In juveniles (
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0E45552421B7FABB" box="[804,940,1342,1367]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="35.0">35–105 mm</quantity>
SL) pelvic fins 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF093F552426D4FABB" box="[1118,1231,1342,1367]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.874" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="6.35" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="3.1" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.7 in</quantity>
SL and 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF084D55242787FABB" box="[1324,1436,1342,1367]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.953" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="1.95" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.4 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0DF6557922ABFA97" box="[151,176,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">lP</emphasis>
; in large fish (
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0C39557823EBFA96" box="[344,496,1378,1403]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="145.0" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="125.0">125–165 mm</quantity>
SL), 3.5–4.55 and 2.35–2.9, respectively. Tip of pelvic fin of juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF084355782786FA96" box="[1314,1437,1378,1403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="35.0">35–55 mm</quantity>
SL reaches middle of caudal peduncle or protrudes slightly behind it, never reaching origin of lower caudal-fin lobe; in juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0C0055B023C1FA2E" box="[353,474,1450,1475]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="55.0">55–70 mm</quantity>
SL it reaches from end of anal-fin base to middle of caudal peduncle; in fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF082855B122D8FA0B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="70.0">70–110 mm</quantity>
SL it reaches from middle to the end of anal-fin base; in fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0EE655D421FEFA0B" box="[903,997,1486,1511]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
SL and over, it usually does not reach middle of anal fin, and only occasionally protrudes beyond it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE5FFEF0DA6560C2077F90F" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Anal-fin origin far behind dorsal-fin origin (1st anal-fin ray under 4th or 5th (occasionally under the 6th) dorsal-fin ray). Dorsal fin with 1–3 rays more than anal fin. Heights of dorsal and anal fins decrease markedly as fish grows (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE5FFEF0C7B56442367F99B" box="[282,380,1630,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 12d</figureCitation>
). In juveniles (
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0F41564420BCF99B" box="[544,679,1630,1655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="35.0">35–105 mm</quantity>
SL) 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0FBC567A211DF99B" box="[733,774,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">HD</emphasis>
5.7–9.2 and 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0EF4564521A1F99A" box="[917,954,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">HA</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0EA05644265BF99B" box="[961,1088,1630,1655]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1495999999999995" metricValueMax="3.9624" metricValueMin="2.3367999999999998" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="12.399999999999999" valueMax="15.6" valueMin="9.2">9.2–15.6 in</quantity>
SL; in large fish (
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF086656442787F99B" box="[1287,1436,1630,1655]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="145.0" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="125.0">125–165 mm</quantity>
SL) 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0DA6569922F4F976" box="[199,239,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">HD</emphasis>
9.0–11.8 and 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0CEF569923A8F976" box="[398,435,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">HA</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0CDB5699205CF977" box="[442,583,1666,1691]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1274999999999995" metricValueMax="4.6228" metricValueMin="3.6322" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="16.25" valueMax="18.2" valueMin="14.3">14.3–18.2 in</quantity>
SL. Longest ray in dorsal and anal fins the 2nd or, occasionally, the 3rd. Tip of the last dorsal-fin ray reaches (or almost reaches) the middle of caudal peduncle or slightly beyond it. Central and posterior dorsal-fin rays not elongate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE5FFEF0DA656EA23FAF833" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE5FFEF0DA656EA237EF8EB" box="[199,357,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pigmentation.</emphasis>
In juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0C9F56F52061F8EB" box="[510,634,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="51.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="33.0">33–70 mm</quantity>
SL, 5–6 bands can be distinguished on the lower part of body (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE5FFEF080256F422AAF8C7" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,210,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,193,1936]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—39 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (C)—53 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (D)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (E)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (F)—139.5 mm SL, ZMMU P-24080 (holotype), 14°05’N 42°20’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772235/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
a–c): near pectoral-fin base, between pectoral and pelvic fins, near pelvic-fin base, above anus (often barely visible), above middle of anal fin (often barely visible) and near caudal-fin base. Gill covers with aggregations of melanophores. No band below eye. In fish 70–125 (135) mm SL, body bands begin to disappear, starting from posteriormost, and usually there are no more than 3 or 4 weakly-discernible bands on underside of body (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFE5FFEF084C576422BDF857" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,210,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,193,1936]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—39 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (C)—53 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (D)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (E)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (F)—139.5 mm SL, ZMMU P-24080 (holotype), 14°05’N 42°20’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772235/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 11d, e</figureCitation>
). Fish larger than 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0C1457B923C9F856" box="[373,466,1955,1979]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 mm</quantity>
SL, usually without bands on body, although remains of bands can sometimes persist up to a length of 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFE5FFEF0C3457DC23A9F833" box="[341,434,1990,2015]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="155.0">155 mm</quantity>
SL.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF70BC84FFE4FFEE0DF657892776F80A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772235/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[151,250,1939,1961]" targetBox="[176,1404,210,1910]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFE4FFEE0DF657892776F80A" blockId="31.[151,1436,1939,2022]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE4FFEE0DF657892339F844" bold="true" box="[151,290,1939,1961]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Flying fish 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFE4FFEE0CCB578920BDF845" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[426,678,1939,1961]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFE4FFEE0CCB578920BDF845" box="[426,678,1939,1961]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cheilopogon marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—39 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (C)—53 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (D)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (E)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (F)—139.5 mm SL, ZMMU P-24080 (holotype), 14°05’N 42°20’E.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF70BC84FFDBFFD10DF6575F2779F855" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" targetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFDBFFD10DF6575F2779F855" blockId="32.[151,1436,1860,1977]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDBFFD10DF6575F233BF8B6" bold="true" box="[151,288,1861,1883]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Size variation of morphometric characters in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFDBFFD10F97575E21F5F8B6" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[758,1006,1860,1882]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDBFFD10F97575E21F5F8B6" box="[758,1006,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cheilopogon marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(+) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFDBFFD10926575E26D4F8B6" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Kotthaus" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[1095,1231,1860,1882]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDBFFD10926575E26D4F8B6" box="[1095,1231,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ch. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDBFFD10C7C57792328F895" box="[285,307,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">lP</emphasis>
); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDBFFD10F925779210AF891" box="[755,785,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
lP 
<subScript id="178BEE49FFDBFFD10E6B576B210AF891" attach="right" box="[778,785,1905,1917]" fontSize="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
); (C)—length of pelvic fin (
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDBFFD1095D57792649F895" box="[1084,1106,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">lV</emphasis>
); (D)—height of anal fin (
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDBFFD1080A577E2796F895" box="[1387,1421,1892,1913]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">HA</emphasis>
); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDBFFD109D7579F26EFF876" box="[1206,1268,1925,1946]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">cV/pV</emphasis>
); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDBFFD10FF357B920DEF855" box="[658,709,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">lP/lV</emphasis>
). Note: for 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFDBFFD10E5C57B921DFF855" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Kotthaus" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[829,964,1955,1977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDBFFD10E5C57B921DFF855" box="[829,964,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ch. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
data from 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E91FDFFDBFFD1095257B926CCF855" author="Kotthaus, A." box="[1075,1239,1955,1977]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref51616" refString="Kotthaus, A. (1969) Fische des Indischen Ozeans. A. Systematischer Teil IV: Synentognathi. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, Reihe D, Biologie, H. 4, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1969">Kotthaus (1969)</bibRefCitation>
are included.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF70BC84FFDAFFD00DF6574222E9F805" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772239" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772239/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[151,250,1880,1902]" targetBox="[264,1314,210,1860]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFDAFFD00DF6574222E9F805" blockId="33.[151,1436,1880,2025]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDAFFD00DF657422338F881" bold="true" box="[151,291,1880,1902]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
Pectoral fin pigmentation in flying fish 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFDAFFD00FB5574221D4F882" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[724,975,1880,1902]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFDAFFD00FB5574221D4F882" box="[724,975,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Cheilopogon marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place; (D)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (E)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03417, 20°07’N 37°44’E; (F)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03423 (paratype), 14°05’N 42°20’E; (G)—136 mm SL, IORAS 03421, 15°55’N 41°32’E; (H)—159 mm SL, IORAS 03425, 16°48’N 41°01’E.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF70BC84FFD9FFD30DF6535726D7FC6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772241" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772241/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,250,845,867]" targetBox="[192,1371,221,802]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD9FFD30DF6535726D7FC6E" blockId="34.[151,1436,845,898]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD9FFD30DF65357233FFC8E" bold="true" box="[151,292,845,867]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Pelvic fin pigmentation in flying fish 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD9FFD30FAA535721DCFC8F" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[715,967,845,867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD9FFD30FAA535721DCFC8F" box="[715,967,845,867]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Cheilopogon marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD9FFD30DA653B423D9FBE3" blockId="34.[151,1437,942,2011]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Unlike 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD9FFD30C7A53B423AAFC2B" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Kotthaus" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[283,433,942,967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD9FFD30C7A53B423AAFC2B" box="[283,433,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ch. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the head in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD9FFD30F2353B420F1FC2A" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[578,746,942,966]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD9FFD30F2353B420F1FC2A" box="[578,746,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ch. marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
juveniles is always pale from below, usually with only a few dots near anterior margin of lower jaw and on isthmus. Adults with few small specks on gill covers, but specks usually absent below eyes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD9FFD30DA6540021BDFA77" blockId="34.[151,1437,942,2011]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Pectoral fins of juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30C865400207BFBDE" box="[487,608,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="33.0">33–50 mm</quantity>
SL pale with large oval dark spot distally near lower edge, and with dark band and row of 2–4 oval dark spots near base. There is also pigment aggregation near tip of first ray (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD9FFD3086854242794FBBB" box="[1289,1423,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,210,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[234,1349,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Pectoral fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place; (D)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (E)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03417, 20°07’N 37°44’E; (F)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03423 (paratype), 14°05’N 42°20’E; (G)—136 mm SL, IORAS 03421, 15°55’N 41°32’E; (H)—159 mm SL, IORAS 03425, 16°48’N 41°01’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772239/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs. 13a, b</figureCitation>
). In fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30D8454782346FB96" box="[229,349,1122,1147]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="50.0">50–75 mm</quantity>
SL, the pigment areas on proximal part merge and fin becomes dark with wide oblique transverse pale band reaching upper edge of fin. Further, in fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30F99549C219BFB72" box="[760,896,1158,1183]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="75.0">75–105 mm</quantity>
SL, proximal and distal pigment areas begin to unite near upper edge of fin, and fin becomes brown (proximally sometimes paler than distally) with large “mirror” extending to 3rd–5th ray, and sometimes reaching upper edge of fin (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD9FFD30EF954D42604FB0B" box="[920,1055,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,210,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[234,1349,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Pectoral fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place; (D)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (E)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03417, 20°07’N 37°44’E; (F)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03423 (paratype), 14°05’N 42°20’E; (G)—136 mm SL, IORAS 03421, 15°55’N 41°32’E; (H)—159 mm SL, IORAS 03425, 16°48’N 41°01’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772239/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs. 13c, d</figureCitation>
). Occasionally, about 5 dark spots distally on fin (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD9FFD30C3154E823AFFAE7" box="[336,436,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,210,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[234,1349,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Pectoral fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place; (D)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (E)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03417, 20°07’N 37°44’E; (F)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03423 (paratype), 14°05’N 42°20’E; (G)—136 mm SL, IORAS 03421, 15°55’N 41°32’E; (H)—159 mm SL, IORAS 03425, 16°48’N 41°01’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772239/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 13c</figureCitation>
). In fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30F4754E82093FAE6" box="[550,648,1266,1291]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
SL and longer, pectoral fin from pale brown to brown (prevailing coloration north of 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFD9FFD30C14550D23A8FAC3" box="[373,435,1303,1327]" degrees="20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="55555" value="20.0">20°N</geoCoordinate>
, see 
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD9FFD30C8C550C2050FAC3" box="[493,587,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,210,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[234,1349,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Pectoral fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place; (D)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (E)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03417, 20°07’N 37°44’E; (F)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03423 (paratype), 14°05’N 42°20’E; (G)—136 mm SL, IORAS 03421, 15°55’N 41°32’E; (H)—159 mm SL, IORAS 03425, 16°48’N 41°01’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772239/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 13e</figureCitation>
) or from gray to pale gray (prevailing coloration south of 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFD9FFD3098C550D2730FAC3" box="[1261,1323,1303,1327]" degrees="18" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="55555" value="18.0">18°N</geoCoordinate>
, see 
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD9FFD30804550C22ABFABF" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,210,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[234,1349,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Pectoral fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place; (D)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (E)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03417, 20°07’N 37°44’E; (F)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03423 (paratype), 14°05’N 42°20’E; (G)—136 mm SL, IORAS 03421, 15°55’N 41°32’E; (H)—159 mm SL, IORAS 03425, 16°48’N 41°01’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772239/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
f–h) to 6th–9th ray, with small, barely noticeable “mirror” (sometimes absent) and pale posterior edging. Pectoral fins of the fishes from the southern part of range often become much paler in their lower and posterior parts, with pigment clearly visible only near upper rays (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD9FFD30E7155982183FA77" box="[784,920,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,210,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[234,1349,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 13. Pectoral fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place; (D)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (E)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03417, 20°07’N 37°44’E; (F)—133 mm SL, IORAS 03423 (paratype), 14°05’N 42°20’E; (G)—136 mm SL, IORAS 03421, 15°55’N 41°32’E; (H)—159 mm SL, IORAS 03425, 16°48’N 41°01’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772239/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Figs. 
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, h
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD9FFD30DA655BC21C2F99F" blockId="34.[151,1437,942,2011]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Proximal ½–⅓ of pelvic fins of juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30FFB55BC210FFA52" box="[666,788,1446,1470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="33.0">33–45 mm</quantity>
SL paler with only numerous dots; distally with 5–6 dark longitudinal streaks along rays or large dark spot (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD9FFD30FB255D0212FFA0F" box="[723,820,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="34.[151,250,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[192,1371,221,802]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[150,1436,193,824]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 14. Pelvic fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772241/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 14a</figureCitation>
). In juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30EB755D1264AFA0E" box="[982,1105,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="56.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="42.0">42–70 mm</quantity>
SL, dots on proximal part of the fin begin to disappear, remaining only near fin base, sometimes forming a small gray spot (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD9FFD309B855F42726F9EB" box="[1241,1341,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="34.[151,250,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[192,1371,221,802]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[150,1436,193,824]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 14. Pelvic fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772241/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 14b</figureCitation>
). In fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30DF656082305F9C6" box="[151,286,1554,1579]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="87.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="75.0">75–100 mm</quantity>
SL, dots near fin base completely disappear, and distal spot also begins to decrease in size (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD9FFD3084F56082795F9C7" box="[1326,1422,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="34.[151,250,845,867]" captionTargetBox="[192,1371,221,802]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[150,1436,193,824]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 14. Pelvic fin pigmentation in flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—54.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (C)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, same place." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772241/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 14c</figureCitation>
), remaining only near outer margin, between the 2nd–4th rays. In fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30EFB562D21ECF9A2" box="[922,1015,1591,1615]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
SL and larger, pelvic fins completely devoid of pigment on membranes, with only dots remaining on some rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD9FFD30DA656642373F8EF" blockId="34.[151,1437,942,2011]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Dorsal fin of juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30CB45665204AF97A" box="[469,593,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="51.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="33.0">33–70 mm</quantity>
SL covered with dots of varying degrees of intensity (usually denser on central part of fin and near base of anterior rays), with dark upper margin and pale patch on posterior part. In fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30DF656DD2305F932" box="[151,286,1735,1759]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="85.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="70.0">70–100 mm</quantity>
SL pigment begins to disappear from fin, remaining mainly on upper part. In fish larger than 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD3085E56DD2786F932" box="[1343,1437,1735,1759]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
SL dorsal fin gray.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD9FFD30DA657142621F8A7" blockId="34.[151,1437,942,2011]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Anal fin of juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30CAD57152051F8CA" box="[460,586,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="51.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="33.0">33–70 mm</quantity>
SL transparent with small aggregation of dots (or, rarely, with a spot) posteriorly near ends of rays. Fin entirely transparent in fish larger than 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30EDC57292617F8A6" box="[957,1036,1843,1867]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
SL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD9FFD20DA6574C23F5FF39" blockId="34.[151,1437,942,2011]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1437,151,1547]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Caudal fin of juveniles 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30CAF574D2053F882" box="[462,584,1879,1903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="51.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="33.0">33–70 mm</quantity>
SL (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD9FFD30F1E574C20CCF883" box="[639,727,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,210,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,193,1936]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—39 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (C)—53 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (D)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (E)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (F)—139.5 mm SL, ZMMU P-24080 (holotype), 14°05’N 42°20’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772235/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
a–c) pale with brown pigment along rays of lower lobe (except for uppermost rays), usually forming two aggregations (bands). Base of fin and tip of upper lobe also pigmented. In fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30DAD5784234CF85A" box="[204,343,1950,1975]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="102.5" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="70.0">70–135 mm</quantity>
SL the pigment spreads throughout the fin, and it becomes light brown with paler fork (one specimen 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD30C6857D82375F836" box="[265,366,1986,2011]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="94.5">94.5 mm</quantity>
SL had the pigmentation characteristic of juveniles under 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD9FFD3096857D92642F836" box="[1033,1113,1987,2011]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
SL). Lower lobe sometimes darker than upper. Fish over 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20CBB508D202CFF43" box="[474,567,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
SL with pale brown (or, less often, gray or yellowish) caudal fin, and usually with darker fin base (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD8FFD20CE450A623F9FF39" box="[389,482,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[176,1404,210,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[150,1436,193,1936]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Flying fish Cheilopogon marisrubri. (A)—33 mm SL, IORAS 03418, 17°43’N 39°20’E; (B)—39 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (C)—53 mm SL, IORAS 03418, same place; (D)—94.5 mm SL, IORAS 03415, Gulf of Aden; (E)—106.5 mm SL, IORAS 03420, Red Sea, ~ 25°N; (F)—139.5 mm SL, ZMMU P-24080 (holotype), 14°05’N 42°20’E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772235/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD8FFD20DA650FA271DFEF1" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20DA650FA2388FF14" box="[199,403,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
Body, head and caudal-fin base of a fish 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20E0D50FA21D1FF1B" box="[876,970,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="133.0">133 mm</quantity>
SL (IORAS 03417) dorsally bright blue, pectoral fins blackish (based on photograph of a freshly caught specimen made by S.V. Bogorodsky).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD8FFD20DA6513222E0FE6B" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20DA65132236BFED3" box="[199,368,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Maximum size.</emphasis>
The maximum length of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD8FFD20FF351322120FEAC" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[658,827,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20FF351322120FEAC" box="[658,827,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ch. marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in our material was 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20947513D269FFED3" box="[1062,1156,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="163.0">163 mm</quantity>
SL (IORAS 03414, 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFD8FFD2080E513D22DFFE88" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
). Females and males do almost not differ in size: the maximum length (SL) of males was 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD209DA51562701FE88" box="[1211,1306,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="158.0">158 mm</quantity>
, of females 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20DF6517522ECFE6B" box="[151,247,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="163.0">163 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD8FFD20DA6518923ABFD1C" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20DA6518923D4FE40" bold="true" box="[199,463,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Intraspecific variation.</emphasis>
Fish larger than 
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SL can be distinguished as two morphs that differ slightly in a number of characters, however, with much overlap. The first morph generally has more intensely pigmented pectoral fins (usually pale brown in color), fewer predorsal scales (most often 26–27) and no palatine teeth (present only in 30% of specimens). The second morph usually has gray or pale gray pectoral fins, sometimes almost transparent distally, more predorsal scales (usually 28 or more) and many (60%) with a few palatine teeth. Representatives of the first morph were captured mainly north of 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFD8FFD20EE4525221D8FD8C" box="[901,963,584,608]" degrees="20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="55555" value="20.0">20°N</geoCoordinate>
, and representatives of the second morph mainly south of 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFD8FFD20C345276238FFD68" box="[341,404,620,644]" degrees="18" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="55555" value="18.0">18°N</geoCoordinate>
. The nature of these morphs is difficult to understand. We were not able to sort them out reliably using the methods at our disposal. Perhaps we are dealing with cryptic species, or these forms are intraspecific groupings within a polymorphic species. We are inclined to the second option. However, this issue requires further research.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315BF87FFD8FFD20DA652E62796FB4F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD8FFD20DA652E626F3FCF8" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1547]" box="[199,1256,764,789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20DA652E62355FCF9" bold="true" box="[199,334,764,789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD8FFD20CB752E62054FCF8" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[470,591,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20CB752E62054FCF8" box="[470,591,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; reflects distribution of this species mainly in the 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFD8FFD209E552E626FFFCF8" box="[1156,1252,764,789]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD8FFD20DA65305201DFCB1" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20DA65305238EFCD4" bold="true" box="[199,405,799,824]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Common names.</emphasis>
The name “Common 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFD8FFD20FC25305211DFCD4" box="[675,774,799,824]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
flying fish” (Russian: “oбыкнoвeнный кpacнoмopcкий длиннoкpыл”) is proposed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD8FFD20DA6537D20B6FBB7" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20DA6537D23C1FC6C" bold="true" box="[199,474,871,896]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Comparative remarks.</emphasis>
This species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD8FFD20E6D537221BFFC6C" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Kotthaus" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[780,932,872,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20E6D537221BFFC6C" box="[780,932,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ch. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in reduced dentition, including smaller and fewer teeth, which are rarely recurved, in pigmentation (in adults there are no specks below the eyes, the pectoral fins are paler; in juveniles the the head is pale ventrally, the body bands persist much longer, pectoral and pelvic fins are pigmented more densely), in smaller values of 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20E7653CE2147FC07" box="[791,860,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">cV/pV</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD8FFD20E0C53CE21CBFC00" box="[877,976,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12e</figureCitation>
), 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20E8653CF2618FC00" box="[999,1027,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">aV</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD2097553CF2635FC00" box="[1044,1070,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">cV</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD2095F53CE2641FC00" box="[1086,1114,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">lD</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD2090A53CE269FFC00" box="[1131,1156,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">lV</emphasis>
(except for the smallest juveniles, see 
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD8FFD20C5953ED2382FBFC" box="[312,409,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12c</figureCitation>
), 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20CCE53E223D3FBFC" box="[431,456,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">lP</emphasis>
(in juveniles) and 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20FC353E220D8FBF8" box="[674,707,1016,1044]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
lP 
<subScript id="178BEE49FFD8FFD20FDA541C20D8FBF8" attach="left" box="[699,707,1030,1044]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
(up to about 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20E3E53E221ABFBE3" box="[863,944,1016,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
SL) (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD8FFD20E9553ED2670FBFC" box="[1012,1131,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12a,b</figureCitation>
), 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD209E053E226BDFBE3" box="[1153,1190,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">HA</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD8FFD209D653ED2702FBFC" box="[1207,1305,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12d</figureCitation>
) and larger values of 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20C64543A233AFBDB" box="[261,289,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">pV</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20C4E54052353FBDB" box="[303,328,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">lP</emphasis>
/ 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20C3154052372FBDB" box="[336,361,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">lV</emphasis>
(except for the smallest juveniles, see 
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD8FFD20E4154042166FBDB" box="[800,893,1054,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[179,1404,235,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[150,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Size variation of morphometric characters in Cheilopogon marisrubri (+) and Ch. formosus (○). (A)—length of pectoral fin (lP); (B)—length of the first pectoral fin ray (lP1); (C)—length of pelvic fin (lV); (D)—height of anal fin (HA); (E)—distance from the head rear margin to the base of pelvic fins divided by postventral distance (index cV/pV); (F)—length of pectoral fin divided by length of pelvic fin (index lP/lV). Note: for Ch. formosus data from Kotthaus (1969) are included." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772237/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12f</figureCitation>
), as well as in more pectoral-fin rays and rakers on lower limb of the first gill arch (Tables 1, 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD8FFD20DA6547C2796FB4F" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Juveniles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD8FFD20C39547D2019FB93" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[344,514,1127,1151]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20C39547D2019FB93" box="[344,514,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ch. marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar in pigmentation to juveniles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD8FFD20E94547D273FFB93" authority="" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1843" box="[1013,1316,1127,1151]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ptenichthys">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20E94547D269DFB93" box="[1013,1158,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cheilopogon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD209F9547D2700FB93" box="[1176,1307,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ptenichthys</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 and, especially, to 
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20C5154912343FB4F" box="[304,344,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ch.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20C095491236DFB4E" box="[360,374,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.) sp. 2 (see below). However, they have considerably shorter pelvic fins and fewer vertebrae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315BF87FFD8FFD20DA654B4213CFA97" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD8FFD20DA654B4213CFA97" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20DA654B4233CFB2B" bold="true" box="[199,295,1198,1223]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Biology.</emphasis>
Males mature at 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20C9554B5204FFB2B" box="[500,596,1199,1223]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="148.0">148 mm</quantity>
SL, females at 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20E6F54B42176FB2B" box="[782,877,1198,1223]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="156.0">156 mm</quantity>
SL; some individuals of both sexes are close to maturity from 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20C5D54C92381FB06" box="[316,410,1235,1259]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="133.0">133 mm</quantity>
SL. Mature and close to mature fish were captured between 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFD8FFD2092F54C92692FB07" box="[1102,1161,1235,1259]" degrees="13" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="55555" value="13.0">13°N</geoCoordinate>
and 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFD8FFD209A354C926E7FB07" box="[1218,1276,1235,1259]" degrees="22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="55555" value="22.0">22°N</geoCoordinate>
from April to June (mature fish were caught only in June). The smallest juveniles (
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20ECC54ED2632FAE3" box="[941,1065,1271,1295]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="36.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="33.0">33–40 mm</quantity>
SL) were also captured in June. Two fish close to maturity were also captured in October (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFD8FFD20E4955002192FADF" box="[808,905,1306,1331]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="925" value="14.083333">14°05’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFD8FFD20EF0550121E8FADF" box="[913,1011,1307,1331]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="925" value="42.333332">42°20’E</geoCoordinate>
). Judging by this, we can assume two spawning seasons in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD8FFD20CF155252027FABB" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[400,572,1343,1367]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20CF155252027FABB" box="[400,572,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ch. marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the main, spring-summer, season lasts at least from April to June and a secondary, autumn, season beginning probably in October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C315BF87FFD8FFD20DA6559C2399F9E7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB0EC0CFFD8FFD20DA6559C2399F9E7" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,1547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20DA6559C237BFA73" bold="true" box="[199,352,1414,1439]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD8FFD20C09559D200BFA73" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[360,528,1415,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD20C09559D200BFA73" box="[360,528,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ch. marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFD8FFD20F83559C215AFA73" box="[738,833,1414,1439]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
, where it is widely distributed (
<figureCitation id="1334F089FFD8FFD209C9559C26F7FA73" box="[1192,1260,1414,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,896,918]" captionTargetBox="[179,1413,205,859]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1437,193,874]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of flying fishes Cheilopogon formosus formosus (□), Ch. formosus pseudospilopterus (Δ), Ch. formosus andamanicus (◊), Ch. marisrubri (○), Cheilopogon (Ptenichthys) sp.1 (x) and Cheilopogon (Ptenichthys) sp. 2 (+). Filled symbols indicate capture location for fishes ≤100 mm SL, open symbols indicate capture location for fishes&gt;100 mm SL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772215/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) from the 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFD8FFD20804559D2787FA73" box="[1381,1436,1415,1439]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Suez</collectingRegion>
(FRSKU 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20C6755B123DBFA2E" box="[262,448,1451,1475]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9842134" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="3.9842134E7">39842, 134 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<date id="FFB1CACCFFD8FFD20C9F55B02066FA2F" box="[510,637,1450,1475]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1966-11-20">20.11.1966</date>
) to the Bab el Mandeb Strait, and also occurs in the 
<collectingRegion id="49CB22EEFFD8FFD2099F55B02729FA2F" box="[1278,1330,1450,1475]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of Aden (IORAS 03415, 54.5 and 
<quantity id="4CF741E9FFD8FFD20CDA55D4203BFA0B" box="[443,544,1486,1511]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="94.5">94.5 mm</quantity>
SL, date of capture—end of 1962). Juveniles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F978FFFD8FFD2092C55D526EDFA0B" authorityName="Shakhovskoy &amp; Parin" authorityYear="2019" box="[1101,1270,1487,1511]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Exocoetidae" genus="Cheilopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B97B301EFFD8FFD2092C55D526EDFA0B" box="[1101,1270,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ch. marisrubri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have not been found north of 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3B8ACBFFD8FFD20C5E55E92364F9E7" box="[319,383,1523,1547]" degrees="20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="55555" value="20.0">20°N</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>