treatments-xml/data/0D/51/D9/0D51D94CFFFC1D08CBB1FA6A3A6ACCEB.xml

<document id="FA00D594942D26C29C56C9FC0EB3C8E8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13245390" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13245390" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722970644484" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cai, Kristina Zitzler Yixiong" docDate="2006" docId="0D51D94CFFFC1D08CBB1FA6A3A6ACCEB" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.54.2.271-276.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C.5:RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Caridina spongicola Cai, 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="276" masterDocId="F168A134FFFC1D0DC878FFCE3B5FC873" masterDocTitle="Caridina Spongicola, New Species, A Freshwater Shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) From The Ancient Malili Lake System Of Sulawesi, Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="276" masterPageNumber="271" pageNumber="271" updateTime="1722976777053" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="10D30A047384B436DB2DE31E338947A0">Caridina Spongicola, New Species, A Freshwater Shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) From The Ancient Malili Lake System Of Sulawesi, Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="783605883440269D871754A72FB8260F">Cai, Kristina Zitzler Yixiong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E5401EA84AEA307F769F3578F1D874F6">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B8C90F369C7E475FE6F6B9A8C0096C6A">
<mods:date id="4E6F2546D57B2787E7188A47359E75D1">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0D51D94CFFFC1D08CBB1FA6A3A6ACCEB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D51D94CFFFC1D08CBB1FA6A3A6ACCEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D51D94CFFFC1D08CBB1FA6A3A6ACCEB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
<subSubSection id="CDE23BD1FFFC1D0DCBB1FA6A3E63CDCF" box="[969,1340,1444,1468]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8547685AFFFC1D0DCBB1FA6A3E63CDCF" blockId="0.[969,1340,1444,1499]" box="[969,1340,1444,1468]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
<heading id="DE0FDF36FFFC1D0DCBB1FA6A3E63CDCF" bold="true" box="[969,1340,1444,1468]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFC1D0DCBB1FA6A3E63CDCF" bold="true" box="[969,1340,1444,1468]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFFC1D0DCBB1FA6A3FF7CDCF" ID-CoL="8VKFR" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[969,1192,1444,1468]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFC1D0DCBB1FA6A3FF7CDCF" bold="true" box="[969,1192,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Caridina spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ACBF0933FFFC1D0DCCC0FA6A3E63CDCF" box="[1208,1340,1444,1468]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8547685AFFFC1D0DCC32FA0A3FE3CDA8" blockId="0.[969,1340,1444,1499]" box="[1098,1212,1476,1499]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
(
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFFC1D0DCC29FA0A3FEDCDA8" box="[1105,1202,1476,1499]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[113,148,2035,2056]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" captionStartId-2="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox-0="[109,1441,211,1962]" captionTargetBox-1="[146,1466,279,1911]" captionTargetBox-2="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId-0="figure-61@1.[89,1465,192,1990]" captionTargetId-1="figure-97@2.[122,1490,239,1949]" captionTargetId-2="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="Fig. 1. A, Malili Lake system of Sulawesi: Caridina spongicola, new species, collecting sites in the outlet bay of Lake Towuti; B, rostrum variation within a population of C. spongicola (ZMB 29027) (scale bar: 1 mm); C, Caridina spongicola in its natural habitat; D, colour pattern of C. spongicola (ZMB)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245392" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13245392/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Figs. 1-3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CDE23BD1FFFC1D09CB3BF9CD3BB2C9F1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8547685AFFFC1D0DCB3BF9CD38C3CEFF" blockId="0.[835,1474,1539,1676]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFC1D0DCB3BF9CD3F47CE6B" bold="true" box="[835,1048,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Material examined. –</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="35906207FFFC1D0DCC58F9CD38C3CEFF" collectingDate="2004-07-29" collectionCode="MZB, T" collectorName="von Rintelen &amp; K. Zitzler" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.7876835" location="Cape Tokaluku" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="121.38617" municipality="Lake Towuti" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5A43D6F8FFFC1D0DCC58F9CD3F26CE6B" box="[1056,1145,1539,1560]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
- ovigerous female (eggs without eyes), cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFFC1D0DCBE6F9EE38B6CE46" box="[926,1001,1568,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="E3E9F09FFFFC1D0DCB81F9EE3F71CE46" box="[1017,1070,1568,1589]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
Cru 1559), 
<collectingCountry id="FDEF28CAFFFC1D0DCCD2F9EE3E55CE46" box="[1194,1290,1568,1589]" name="Indonesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="473CA6B8FFFC1D0DCD6EF9EE3EE1CE46" box="[1302,1470,1568,1589]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Sulawesi Selatan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6523F220FFFC1D0DCB3BF9F33897CE21" box="[835,968,1597,1618]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Lake Towuti</collectingMunicipality>
, west shore, outlet bay, west of 
<location id="80273E81FFFC1D0DCD67F9F33EE1CE21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D51D94CFFFC1D08CBB1FA6A3A6ACCEB:80273E81FFFC1D0DCD67F9F33EE1CE21" box="[1311,1470,1597,1618]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.7876835" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="121.38617" municipality="Lake Towuti" name="Cape Tokaluku" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan">Cape Tokaluku</location>
, 
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02 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFC1D0DCB23F996383ACE1C" bold="true" box="[859,869,1624,1647]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">°</emphasis>
47.261'S
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<geoCoordinate id="E0CC0E9DFFFC1D0DCBB9F9943F65CE1C" box="[961,1082,1624,1647]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="23.17" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" precision="9" value="121.38617">
121 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFC1D0DCB9DF99638B0CE1C" bold="true" box="[997,1007,1624,1647]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">°</emphasis>
23.17'E
</geoCoordinate>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="E3E9F09FFFFC1D0DCC02F9943FD4CE1C" box="[1146,1163,1626,1647]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFFC1D0DCCEFF9943E4ACE1C" box="[1175,1301,1626,1647]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">von Rintelen</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFFC1D0DCD42F9943EC2CE1C" box="[1338,1437,1626,1647]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">K. Zitzler</collectorName>
, 
<date id="F1464E9AFFFC1D0DCDD2F99438C7CEFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" value="2004-07-29">
<collectingDate id="E102B772FFFC1D0DCDD2F99438C7CEFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" value="2004-07-29">29 Jul.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFFC1D0DCB3BF97E3F66C06C" blockId="0.[835,1474,1712,2079]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">
<materialsCitation id="35906207FFFC1D0DCB3BF97E3F2DCE91" collectingDate="2004-07-29" collectionCode="MZB, T" collectorName="von Rintelen &amp; K. Zitzler" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.7876835" location="Cape Tokaluku" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="121.38617" municipality="Lake Towuti" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5A43D6F8FFFC1D0DCB3BF97E38FFCEB6" box="[835,928,1712,1733]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFC1D0DCBDEF97E38EDCEB6" bold="true" box="[934,946,1712,1733]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">–</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="93FEA3D3FFFC1D0DCBC1F97E3F46CEB6" box="[953,1049,1712,1733]" count="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
; cl 2.0- 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFFC1D0DCC27F97E3FF3CEB6" box="[1119,1196,1712,1733]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
; 2 ovigerous females, cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFFC1D0DCDE4F97E38D4CE91" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.5999999999999996" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.4">2.4- 2.8 mm</quantity>
, same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="35906207FFFC1D0DCC03F9033F53CF6F" collectingDate="2004-07-29" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Cru" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.7876835" location="Cape Tokaluku" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="121.38617" municipality="Lake Towuti" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="93FEA3D3FFFC1D0DCC03F9033F98CE91" box="[1147,1223,1741,1762]" count="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFFC1D0DCC90F9033E09CE91" box="[1256,1366,1741,1762]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.8">1.8-2.3 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="E3E9F09FFFFC1D0DCD1BF9033EC7CE91" box="[1379,1432,1741,1762]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFFC1D0DCDE6F9033E9DCE91" box="[1438,1474,1741,1762]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Cru</collectorName>
1560), same data as holotype. 2 ovigerous females (some SEM material), cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFFC1D0DCBC7F8C93F53CF6F" box="[959,1036,1799,1820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="35906207FFFC1D0DCC6FF8C93FA2CF01" collectingDate="2003-09-21" collectionCode="T" collectorName="von Rintelen &amp; K. Zitzler" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.7886667" location="Cape Tokaluku" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="121.38966" municipality="Lake Towuti" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" specimenCode="ZMB 29027" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="11" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="93FEA3D3FFFC1D0DCC6FF8C93FDECF6F" box="[1047,1153,1799,1820]" count="11" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="female">11 females</specimenCount>
(some SEM material), cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFFC1D0DCD06F8C93837CF4B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.9">1.9-2.6 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="D55EC021FFFC1D0DCB0BF8ED38B1CF4B" box="[883,1006,1827,1848]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="Museum">ZMB 29027</specimenCode>
), 
<collectingCountry id="FDEF28CAFFFC1D0DCB84F8ED3F03CF4B" box="[1020,1116,1827,1848]" name="Indonesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="473CA6B8FFFC1D0DCC1CF8ED3E56CF4B" box="[1124,1289,1827,1848]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Sulawesi Selatan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6523F220FFFC1D0DCD69F8ED3ED1CF4B" box="[1297,1422,1827,1848]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Lake Towuti</collectingMunicipality>
, west shore, outlet bay, west of 
<location id="80273E81FFFC1D0DCC40F88E3F91CF26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D51D94CFFFC1D08CBB1FA6A3A6ACCEB:80273E81FFFC1D0DCC40F88E3F91CF26" box="[1080,1230,1856,1877]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.7886667" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="121.38966" municipality="Lake Towuti" name="Cape Tokaluku" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan">Cape Tokaluku</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E0CC0E9DFFFC1D0DCCAEF88E3E1FCF26" box="[1238,1344,1855,1878]" degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="47.32" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" precision="9" value="-2.7886667">
02 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFC1D0DCC96F8F13FA7CF25" bold="true" box="[1262,1272,1855,1878]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">°</emphasis>
47.32'S
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E0CC0E9DFFFC1D0DCD3DF88E3EE0CF26" box="[1349,1471,1855,1878]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="23.38" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" precision="9" value="121.38966">
121 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFC1D0DCD11F8F13E2CCF25" bold="true" box="[1385,1395,1855,1878]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">°</emphasis>
23.38'E
</geoCoordinate>
, coll. 
<collectionCode id="E3E9F09FFFFC1D0DCB09F89338DDCF01" box="[881,898,1885,1906]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFFC1D0DCBF2F8933F5CCF01" box="[906,1027,1885,1906]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">von Rintelen</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFFC1D0DCC67F8933F22CF01" box="[1055,1149,1885,1906]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">K. Zitzler</collectorName>
, 
<date id="F1464E9AFFFC1D0DCCFCF8933FA2CF01" box="[1156,1277,1885,1906]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" value="2003-09-21">
<collectingDate id="E102B772FFFC1D0DCCFCF8933FA2CF01" box="[1156,1277,1885,1906]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" value="2003-09-21">21 Sep.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="35906207FFFC1D0DCD7DF89338D3CFDF" collectingDate="2003-09-21" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="von Rintelen &amp; K. Zitzler" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.7886667" location="Cape Tokaluku" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="121.38966" municipality="Lake Towuti" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" specimenCode="ZMB 29027" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="93FEA3D3FFFC1D0DCD7DF8933E11CF01" box="[1285,1358,1885,1906]" count="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
(some SEM material), cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFFC1D0DCBBFF8B43F63CFFC" box="[967,1084,1914,1935]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.9">1.9-2.1 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="D55EC021FFFC1D0DCC34F8B43F92CFFC" box="[1100,1229,1914,1935]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="Museum">ZMB 29027</specimenCode>
), same data as previous sample
</materialsCitation>
; 
<specimenCount id="93FEA3D3FFFC1D0DCBE1F85938B5CFDF" box="[921,1002,1943,1964]" count="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
, cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFFC1D0DCC6BF8593FD5CFDF" box="[1043,1162,1943,1964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1-2.4 mm</quantity>
, 
<materialsCitation id="35906207FFFC1D0DCCEFF8593F6BC06C" collectingDate="2005-01-03" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Y. Cai &amp; von Rintelen &amp; K. Zitzler" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.7712834" location="Cape Tokaluku" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="121.36383" municipality="Lake Towuti" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" specimenCode="ZRC 2006.0114" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="12" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="93FEA3D3FFFC1D0DCCEFF8593E57CFDF" box="[1175,1288,1943,1964]" count="12" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
, cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFFC1D0DCD49F8593EF7CFDF" box="[1329,1448,1943,1964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.2">2.2-2.6 mm</quantity>
, 6 ovigerous females, cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFFC1D0DCC5CF87D3FC6CFBB" box="[1060,1177,1971,1992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.4">2.4-2.6 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="D55EC021FFFC1D0DCCD0F87D3E12CFBB" box="[1192,1357,1971,1992]" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">ZRC 2006.0114</specimenCode>
) 
<collectingCountry id="FDEF28CAFFFC1D0DCD24F87D3EE1CFBB" box="[1372,1470,1971,1992]" name="Indonesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="473CA6B8FFFC1D0DCB3BF81E38BACF96" box="[835,997,2000,2021]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Sulawesi Selatan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6523F220FFFC1D0DCB96F81E3F36CF96" box="[1006,1129,2000,2021]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Lake Towuti</collectingMunicipality>
, west shore, outlet bay, west of 
<location id="80273E81FFFC1D0DCDE9F81E38FDC071" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D51D94CFFFC1D08CBB1FA6A3A6ACCEB:80273E81FFFC1D0DCDE9F81E38FDC071" country="Indonesia" latitude="-2.7712834" longLatPrecision="9" longitude="121.36383" municipality="Lake Towuti" name="Cape Tokaluku" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan">Cape Tokaluku</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E0CC0E9DFFFC1D0DCBD4F8233F7DC071" box="[940,1058,2027,2050]" degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="46.277" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" precision="1" value="-2.7712834">
02 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFC1D0DCBBCF8253891C071" bold="true" box="[964,974,2027,2050]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">°</emphasis>
46.277'S
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E0CC0E9DFFFC1D0DCC50F8233FFEC071" box="[1064,1185,2027,2050]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="21.83" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" precision="9" value="121.36383">
121 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFC1D0DCC34F8253F09C071" bold="true" box="[1100,1110,2027,2050]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">°</emphasis>
21.83'E
</geoCoordinate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFFC1D0DCCA5F8233E40C071" box="[1245,1311,2029,2050]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">Y. Cai</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="E3E9F09FFFFC1D0DCD51F8233E65C071" box="[1321,1338,2029,2050]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFFC1D0DCD3DF8233E9EC071" box="[1349,1473,2029,2050]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">von Rintelen</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFFC1D0DCB25F7C438E2C06C" box="[861,957,2058,2079]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271">K. Zitzler</collectorName>
, 
<date id="F1464E9AFFFC1D0DCBB0F7C43F6BC06C" box="[968,1076,2058,2079]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" value="2005-01-03">
<collectingDate id="E102B772FFFC1D0DCBB0F7C43F6BC06C" box="[968,1076,2058,2079]" pageId="0" pageNumber="271" value="2005-01-03">3 Jan.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D18738D2FFFD1D0CC809F83D3AF0C031" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13245392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245392/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" startId="1.[113,148,2035,2056]" targetBox="[109,1441,211,1962]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8547685AFFFD1D0CC809F83D3AF0C031" blockId="1.[113,1452,2035,2114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
Fig. 1. A, Malili Lake system of Sulawesi: 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFD1D0CCA6BF83A39BFC07A" box="[531,736,2036,2057]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFFD1D0CCA6BF83A3983C07A" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[531,732,2036,2057]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola" status="sp. nov.">Caridina spongicola</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ACBF0933FFFD1D0CCA9EF83D3802C07B" box="[742,861,2035,2056]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, collecting sites in the outlet bay of Lake Towuti; B, rostrum variation within a population of 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFFD1D0CC9C9F7DE3967C056" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[433,568,2064,2085]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFD1D0CC9C9F7DE3967C056" box="[433,568,2064,2085]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">C. spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMB 29027) (scale bar: 1 mm); C, 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFFD1D0CCBD3F7DE3F2DC056" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[939,1138,2064,2085]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFD1D0CCBD3F7DE3F2DC056" box="[939,1138,2064,2085]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">Caridina spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its natural habitat; D, colour pattern of 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFFD1D0CC8AEF7E33AF4C031" authority="(ZMB)" baseAuthorityName="ZMB" box="[214,427,2093,2114]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFD1D0CC8AEF7E33A03C031" box="[214,348,2093,2114]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">C. spongicola</emphasis>
(ZMB)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D18738D2FFFE1D0FC8F0F8163F4AC037" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13245394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" startId="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" targetBox="[146,1466,279,1911]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8547685AFFFE1D0FC8F0F8163F4AC037" blockId="2.[136,1474,2008,2116]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
Fig. 2. 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFFE1D0FC8B2F8163AD0CF9E" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[202,399,2008,2029]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFE1D0FC8B2F8163AD0CF9E" box="[202,399,2008,2029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Caridina spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ACBF0933FFFE1D0FC9E3F816394FCF9E" box="[411,528,2008,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D18738D2FFFF1D0EC809F8183AFCC032" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" startId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" targetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8547685AFFFF1D0EC809F8183AFCC032" blockId="3.[113,1452,2006,2113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
Fig. 3. 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFFF1D0EC8CBF8183A27CF98" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[179,376,2006,2027]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFFF1D0EC8CBF8183A27CF98" box="[179,376,2006,2027]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Caridina spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ACBF0933FFFF1D0EC9FBF8183AA7CF98" box="[387,504,2006,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09C8F0FF0E3BB2C9F1" blockId="4.[136,775,192,386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09C8F0FF0E3A86C8A6" bold="true" box="[136,473,192,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09C8F0FF0E3A9DC8A6" bold="true" box="[136,450,192,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Comparative material examined</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09C9B5FF0E3A86C8A6" box="[461,473,192,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="35906207FFF81D09C9A6FF0F3958C95F" collectingDate="1989-03-15" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="M. Kottelat &amp; A. Werner" country="Indonesia" location="Lake Towuti" municipality="Timampu" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09C9A6FF0F3B8EC881" authority="Woltereck, 1937: 2" authorityName="Woltereck" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1937" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingkonae">
Caridina lingkonae Woltereck, 1937: 
<specimenCount id="93FEA3D3FFF81D09C8BDFF133B8EC881" box="[197,209,221,242]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="female">2</specimenCount>
</taxonomicName>
females, cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFF81D09C93EFF133AE6C881" box="[326,441,221,242]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.5">3.5-3.8 mm</quantity>
, 3 ovigerous females (
<collectionCode id="E3E9F09FFFF81D09CAEAFF13399AC881" box="[658,709,221,242]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">ZRC</collectionCode>
), 
<location id="80273E81FFF81D09CAAEFF133B8FC97C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D51D94CFFFC1D08CBB1FA6A3A6ACCEB:80273E81FFF81D09CAAEFF133B8FC97C" country="Indonesia" municipality="Timampu" name="Lake Towuti" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Lake Towuti</location>
, Watidi, 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFF81D09C95FFF343A06C97C" box="[295,345,250,271]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
east of 
<collectingMunicipality id="6523F220FFF81D09C9DEFF343959C97C" box="[422,518,250,271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Timampu</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="473CA6B8FFF81D09CA77FF343937C97C" box="[527,616,250,271]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="FDEF28CAFFF81D09CA0BFF34398CC97C" box="[627,723,250,271]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFF81D09C8F0FED93BA9C95F" box="[136,246,279,300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">M. Kottelat</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFF81D09C96EFED93A21C95F" box="[278,382,279,300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">A. Werner</collectorName>
, 
<date id="F1464E9AFFF81D09C9FFFED93958C95F" box="[391,519,279,300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" value="1989-03-15">
<collectingDate id="E102B772FFF81D09C9FFFED93958C95F" box="[391,519,279,300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" value="1989-03-15">15 Mar.1989</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="35906207FFF81D09CA68FED93BB6C9F1" collectingDate="1989-03-14" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="M. Kottelat &amp; A. Werner" country="Indonesia" location="Lake Towuti" municipality="Timampu" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<specimenCount id="93FEA3D3FFF81D09CA68FED9392FC95F" box="[528,624,279,300]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, cl 2.8-4.0 mm, 
<collectionCode id="E3E9F09FFFF81D09C8F0FEFA3BE6C93A" box="[136,185,308,329]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">ZRC</collectionCode>
, 
<location id="80273E81FFF81D09C8B9FEFA3A61C93A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D51D94CFFFC1D08CBB1FA6A3A6ACCEB:80273E81FFF81D09C8B9FEFA3A61C93A" box="[193,318,308,329]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Timampu" name="Lake Towuti" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Lake Towuti</location>
, estuary of Sungei Batuopa, about 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFF81D09CAFDFEFA39EAC93A" box="[645,693,308,329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
south of 
<collectingMunicipality id="6523F220FFF81D09C8F0FE9F3BB7C915" box="[136,232,337,358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Timampu</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="473CA6B8FFF81D09C889FE9F3A15C915" box="[241,330,337,358]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="FDEF28CAFFF81D09C92CFE9F3AEBC915" box="[340,436,337,358]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFF81D09C996FE9F3902C915" box="[494,605,337,358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">M. Kottelat</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="280D0D8CFFF81D09CA05FE9F39BAC915" box="[637,741,337,358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">A. Werner</collectorName>
, 
<date id="F1464E9AFFF81D09CA96FE9F3BB6C9F1" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" value="1989-03-14">
<collectingDate id="E102B772FFF81D09CA96FE9F3BB6C9F1" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" value="1989-03-14">14 Mar.1989</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDE23BD1FFF81D09C8F0FE643F2FC96B" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="description">
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09C8F0FE643A1FCAD2" blockId="4.[136,775,426,673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09C8F0FE643A7BC9B1" bold="true" box="[136,292,426,450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09C8F0FE643A58C9B1" bold="true" box="[136,263,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Description</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09C96FFE643A7BC9B1" bold="true" box="[279,292,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Rostrum straight and slender (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CA03FE64398EC9B2" box="[635,721,426,449]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[113,148,2035,2056]" captionTargetBox="[109,1441,211,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[89,1465,192,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. A, Malili Lake system of Sulawesi: Caridina spongicola, new species, collecting sites in the outlet bay of Lake Towuti; B, rostrum variation within a population of C. spongicola (ZMB 29027) (scale bar: 1 mm); C, Caridina spongicola in its natural habitat; D, colour pattern of C. spongicola (ZMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245392/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CAA7FE64385DC9B2" box="[735,770,426,449]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[146,1466,279,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[122,1490,239,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09C8F0FE043BF4C992" box="[136,171,458,481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">3A</figureCitation>
), anterior third slightly upturned, reaching to or slightly beyond third segment of antennular peduncle, 0.9-1.0 times as long as carapace, armed dorsally with 11-19 + 3-5 teeth, posterior to orbital margin, armed ventrally with 4-10 teeth, dorsal anterior teeth less densely spaced. Antennal spine situated below inferior orbital angle. Pterygostomian angle broadly rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09C8F0FD0439A2CBB2" blockId="4.[136,775,714,961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
Eyes (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09C8B1FD043A79CA92" box="[201,294,714,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[146,1466,279,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[122,1490,239,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09C948FD043A0ECA92" box="[304,337,714,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">3A</figureCitation>
) well developed, anterior end reaching to or beyond half length of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Antennular peduncle 0.8-0.9 times as long as carapace (n=10), second segment slightly shorter than basal segment, about twice as long as third segment. Stylocerite reaching well beyond half length of basal segment of antennular peduncle, but not reaching end of basal segment. Scaphocerite slender, 3.5-4.8 times as long as wide (n=7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09C8F0FC243ABECD72" blockId="4.[136,775,1002,1281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
Sixth abdominal somite 0.5-0.7 times length of carapace, 1.5- 2.0 times as long as fifth somite (n=21), 0.7-1.0 times length of telson. Telson (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09C933FBE43AE2CC32" box="[331,445,1066,1089]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[146,1466,279,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[122,1490,239,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Figs. 2E, I</figureCitation>
) 2.8-4.1 times as long as wide (n=13), distal margin rounded, without projection, with 3-4 pairs of spinules and 1 pair of dorsolateral spinules; distal end with 4 pairs of spines, lateral pair distinctly longer than intermediate pairs, median pair shortest. Preanal carina (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CAA3FB643BF8CC92" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[146,1466,279,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[122,1490,239,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) rounded, without spine. Uropodal diaeresis (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CA07FB043994CC92" box="[639,715,1226,1249]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[146,1466,279,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[122,1490,239,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) with 10-12 movable spinules (n=12).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09C8F0FAE43AFBCE12" blockId="4.[136,775,1322,1633]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
Incisor process of mandible (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09C9C8FAE43AA1CD32" box="[432,510,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillule (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CAD7FA8439A1CD12" box="[687,766,1354,1377]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) broadly rounded, upper lacinia elongated, with a number of distinct teeth on inner margin, palp slender. Upper endites of maxilla (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09C89EFA643A66CDB2" box="[230,313,1450,1473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
) subdivided, palp elongate, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly. Palp of first maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CADAFA0439A1CD92" box="[674,766,1482,1505]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
) truncate, ending in triangular shape. Podobranch of second maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09C963F9C43A29CE52" box="[283,374,1546,1569]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) reduced to small lamina. Third maxilliped (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09C972F9E43A04CE32" box="[266,347,1578,1601]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
) with ultimate segment slightly shorter than penultimate segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09C8F0F94439B4CFB2" blockId="4.[136,775,1674,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
Chela of first pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09C9D2F9443AA5CED2" box="[426,506,1674,1697]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[146,1466,279,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[122,1490,239,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
) 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFF81D09CA75F94439CDCED2" box="[525,658,1674,1697]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.5">0.5-0.9 mm</quantity>
, distinctly stouter and shorter (mean length 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFF81D09C9A0F9643976CEB2" box="[472,553,1706,1729]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
) than chela of second pereiopod (mean length 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFF81D09C9F2F9043A81CE92" box="[394,478,1738,1761]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
, n=26) (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CA4FF90439D3CE92" box="[567,652,1738,1761]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[146,1466,279,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[122,1490,239,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
), Carpus of first pereiopod 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFF81D09C956F9243AF0CF72" box="[302,431,1770,1793]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4-0.8 mm</quantity>
, 0.7-1.3 times as long as chela, Chela of second pereiopod 0.7-1.0 mm, Carpus of second pereiopod distinctly longer than carpus of first pereiopod (
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFF81D09CAA4F8E43B85CF12" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.9">0.9- 1.4 mm</quantity>
), 1.2-1.4 times as long as chela. Third pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CAAAF8843B98CFF2" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[146,1466,279,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[122,1490,239,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Figs. 2C, D</figureCitation>
) terminating in one claw with 1-2 accessory spines on flexor margin (n=7), fifth pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CA70F84439DECFD2" box="[520,641,1930,1953]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,171,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[146,1466,279,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[122,1490,239,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.1mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi: A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, preanal carina; C, dactylus of third pereiopod; D, third pereiopod; E, telson; F, uropodal diaeresis; G, dactylus of fifth pereiopod; H, fifth pereiopod; I, distal end of telson; J, first pereiopod, K, second pereiopod; L, SEM images of chela and carpus of first and second pereiopods. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D, H-M = 0.5 mm; C, F-G = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Figs. 2G, H</figureCitation>
) terminating in one claw with 21-31 spinules on flexor margin (n=7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09C8F0F824391FC032" blockId="4.[136,775,2026,2113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
Endopod of male first pleopod (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09C99DF8243965C072" box="[485,570,2026,2049]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
) without appendix interna, appendix interna of male second pleopod (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CACBF7C439A1C052" box="[691,766,2058,2081]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,148,2006,2027]" captionTargetBox="[186,1368,203,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-89@3.[158,1409,170,2013]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Caridina spongicola, new species, paratype female (cl 2.6 mm) (ZMB 29027), Lake Towuti, Sulawesi. A, cephalothorax and cephalic appendages; lateral view; B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, first maxilliped; E, third maxilliped; F, second maxilliped; G, maxilla; H, male first pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027); I, male second pleopod; paratype male (cl 1.9 mm) (ZMB 29027). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B-G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245396/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
) not reaching end of appendix masculina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09CB3BFF0F3F2FC96B" blockId="4.[835,1473,193,280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
Ovigerous females with 12- 
<specimenCount id="93FEA3D3FFF81D09CC15FF0F3F9FC8AB" box="[1133,1216,193,216]" count="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="egg">18 eggs</specimenCount>
(n= 
<specimenCount id="93FEA3D3FFF81D09CC94FF0F3E07C8AB" box="[1260,1368,193,216]" count="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
); egg size 0.8-0.9 x 
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(n=53, eggs with and without eyes); sex ratio females/males 2.1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDE23BD1FFF81D09CB3BFE8F3F9CCAEB" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09CB3BFE8F3F83C90B" blockId="4.[835,1473,320,376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BFE8F38B4C92A" bold="true" box="[835,1003,320,345]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BFE8F3892C92A" bold="true" box="[835,973,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CBA6FE8F38B4C92A" box="[990,1003,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CB8EFE8F3F83C92B" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[1014,1244,321,344]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">Caridina spongicola</taxonomicName>
is endemic to Lake Towuti within the Malili lake system.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09CB3BFE6F3F9CCAEB" blockId="4.[835,1474,416,664]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BFE6F38EDC9CA" bold="true" box="[835,946,416,441]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BFE6F38C9C9CA" bold="true" box="[835,918,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Habitat</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CBDDFE6F38EDC9CA" bold="true" box="[933,946,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
During an extensive substrate specific sampling in the Malili lake system in 2003 and 2004, 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CD23FE0F38E1C98B" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CD23FE0F38E1C98B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Caridina spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found unexceptionally with a currently undescribed freshwater sponge that, according to a preliminary study, belongs to the common 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CD6AFDEF3EC6CA4B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1298,1433,545,568]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Spongillidae</taxonomicName>
(C. Eckert, pers. comm.) (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CC53FD8F3FDCCA2B" box="[1067,1155,577,600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[113,148,2035,2056]" captionTargetBox="[109,1441,211,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[89,1465,192,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. A, Malili Lake system of Sulawesi: Caridina spongicola, new species, collecting sites in the outlet bay of Lake Towuti; B, rostrum variation within a population of C. spongicola (ZMB 29027) (scale bar: 1 mm); C, Caridina spongicola in its natural habitat; D, colour pattern of C. spongicola (ZMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245392/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1 C</figureCitation>
). It grows in the outlet of Lake Towuti at depths of 
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2- 
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</quantity>
. The shrimp either occurs on the sponge or dwells inside its osculae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDE23BD1FFF81D09CB3BFD0F388ACE2B" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09CB3BFD0F3E31CC6B" blockId="4.[835,1474,704,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BFD0F38EACAAA" bold="true" box="[835,949,704,729]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BFD0F38C8CAAA" bold="true" box="[835,919,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Biology</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CBD0FD0F38EACAAA" bold="true" box="[936,949,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
A preliminary gut content analysis was carried out to investigate the shrimps’ diet. None of the six dissected guts contained traces of poriferean spicules. The spicules are presumably too big (
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; C. Eckert, pers. comm.) to be consumed by the shrimps. On the other hand, a variety of different diatoms, which possibly accumulate on or within the sponge, were found in the guts. These findings suggest that the shrimps do not feed on sponge’s tissue and thus do not parasitize their hosts. Instead, they appear to be commensals using the sponge’s cavities as shelter and the inherent accumulation of diatoms as a food supply.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09CB3BFB8F388ACE2B" blockId="4.[835,1474,1088,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BFB8F38A5CC2A" bold="true" box="[835,1018,1088,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BFB8F38BECC2A" bold="true" box="[835,993,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Colour pattern</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB95FB8F38A5CC2A" bold="true" box="[1005,1018,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Carapace with three transversal dark brown bands (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF81D09CBF7FBAF3F5ECC0B" box="[911,1025,1121,1144]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[113,148,2035,2056]" captionTargetBox="[109,1441,211,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[89,1465,192,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. A, Malili Lake system of Sulawesi: Caridina spongicola, new species, collecting sites in the outlet bay of Lake Towuti; B, rostrum variation within a population of C. spongicola (ZMB 29027) (scale bar: 1 mm); C, Caridina spongicola in its natural habitat; D, colour pattern of C. spongicola (ZMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245392/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 1C, D</figureCitation>
), first two usually joint at dorsal surface to form a n-shaped band in lateral view; anterior part of cephalothorax, antennular peduncle, bases of antennae and posterior rostrum similarly pigmented, whereas anterior rostrum, antennae and distal antennules mostly unpigmented; first and second pereiopod white with light brown setae, other pereiopods white with brown bands; abdomen with a conspicuous white stripe expanding laterally along each side, dorsally densely covered with dark brown bands except for a white patch on third sternum, ventrally uniformly brown; uropods with a characteristic brown band on distal endopod, endopod and exopods with white-pigmented tips, respectively; pleopods and telson colourless; eggs usually dark brown. This colour pattern remains visible even if the shrimps are under stress though the intensity of the colour merely fades.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDE23BD1FFF81D09CB3BF94F3E59CEAB" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D09CB3BF94F3E59CEAB" blockId="4.[835,1474,1665,1752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BF94F388DCEEA" bold="true" box="[835,978,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Etymology. –</emphasis>
The name 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CC31F94F3F9BCEEB" box="[1097,1220,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CC31F94F3F9ECEEB" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[1097,1217,1665,1688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">spongicola</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the combination of two Latin words, 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CBAFF96F3F74CECB" box="[983,1067,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">spongia</emphasis>
, sponge, and 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CCB0F96F3FA9CECB" box="[1224,1270,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">cola</emphasis>
, dweller, refers to the unexceptional occurrence on sponges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDE23BD1FFF81D08CB3BF8CF3A6ACCEB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF81D08CB3BF8CF3BA6C92B" blockId="4.[835,1474,1792,2104]" lastBlockId="5.[113,752,193,344]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BF8CF38E4CF6A" bold="true" box="[835,955,1792,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CB3BF8CF38FCCF6A" bold="true" box="[835,931,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CBD6F8CF38E4CF6A" bold="true" box="[942,955,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">–</emphasis>
</emphasis>
With respect to the shape of the rostrum, 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CD1BF8CF38E5CF4B" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CD1BF8CF38E5CF4B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Caridina spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is at first sight morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CDD1F8EF38E6CF2B" authorityName="Woltereck" authorityYear="1937" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingkonae">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CDD1F8EF38E6CF2B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">C. lingkonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was described from Lake Towuti (
<bibRefCitation id="E16915ABFFF81D09CB32F8AF3F4ACF0B" author="Woltereck, E" box="[842,1045,1889,1912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" pagination="208 - 262" refId="ref3065" refString="Woltereck, E., 1937 a. Systematisch - variationsanalytische Untersuchungen uber die Rassen-und Artbildung bei Susswassergarnelen aus der Gattung Caridina (Decapoda, Atyidae). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 34: 208 - 262." type="journal article" year="1937">Woltereck, 1937a</bibRefCitation>
), but can be distinguished by a lower number of ventral teeth in 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CC22F84F3FB1CFEB" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[1114,1262,1921,1944]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CC22F84F3FB1CFEB" box="[1114,1262,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">C. spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(4-10 vs. 
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<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CDD1F84F38F3CFCB" authorityName="Woltereck" authorityYear="1937" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingkonae">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CDD1F84F38F3CFCB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">C. lingkonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a shorter rostrum in 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CCDFF86F3E6ECFCB" authorityName="Woltereck" authorityYear="1937" box="[1191,1329,1953,1976]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linkgonae">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CCDFF86F3E6ECFCB" box="[1191,1329,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">C. linkgonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to the length of the antennular peduncle (usually reaching beyond vs. reaching to antennular peduncle in 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CD5AF82F3EEDCF8B" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[1314,1458,2017,2040]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CD5AF82F3EEDCF8B" box="[1314,1458,2017,2040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">C. spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It differs further from 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D09CC4CF7CF3FE2C06B" authorityName="Woltereck" authorityYear="1937" box="[1076,1213,2049,2072]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingkonae">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D09CC4CF7CF3FE2C06B" box="[1076,1213,2049,2072]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">C. lingkonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the ratio of the sixth abdominal segment to cl (0.5-0.7 vs. 
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<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF81D08CDD0F7EF3BBAC8AB" authorityName="Woltereck" authorityYear="1937" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="276" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingkonae">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF81D08CDD0F7EF3BBAC8AB" italics="true" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">C. lingkonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="E16915ABFFF91D08C97BFF0F3ABEC8AB" author="Woltereck, E" box="[259,481,193,216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" pagination="294 - 330" refId="ref3107" refString="Woltereck, E., 1937 b. Zur Systematik und geographischen Verbreitung der Caridinen. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 34: 294 - 330." type="journal article" year="1937">Woltereck, 1937b</bibRefCitation>
), the stouter first two pereiopods, and the number of accessory spines (1-2 vs. 
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<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF91D08C8EBFECF3A74C96B" authorityName="Woltereck" authorityYear="1937" box="[147,299,257,280]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingkonae">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF91D08C8EBFECF3A74C96B" box="[147,299,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">C. lingkonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and spinules (21-31 vs. 
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<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF91D08CAAEFECF3B85C94B" authorityName="Woltereck" authorityYear="1937" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lingkonae">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF91D08CAAEFECF3B85C94B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">C. lingkonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) on the dactylus of the third and fifth pereiopods, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF91D08C809FE4F39AFCAEB" blockId="5.[113,752,385,664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
The rostrum of 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF91D08C950FE4F3A9BC9EB" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[296,452,385,408]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF91D08C950FE4F3A9BC9EB" box="[296,452,385,408]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">C. spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays a high degree of variation within the populations (
<figureCitation id="1DC374DFFFF91D08C9AAFE6F397BC9CB" box="[466,548,417,440]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[113,148,2035,2056]" captionTargetBox="[109,1441,211,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-61@1.[89,1465,192,1990]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. A, Malili Lake system of Sulawesi: Caridina spongicola, new species, collecting sites in the outlet bay of Lake Towuti; B, rostrum variation within a population of C. spongicola (ZMB 29027) (scale bar: 1 mm); C, Caridina spongicola in its natural habitat; D, colour pattern of C. spongicola (ZMB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13245392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13245392/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). However, certain qualitative characters, i.e. the general shape or the arrangement of the rostral teeth, are constant not only in 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF91D08CAAFFE2F3BBACA6B" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF91D08CAAFFE2F39B6C98B" box="[727,745,481,504]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF91D08C809FDCF3BBACA6B" box="[113,229,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in all currently described Malili lakes species (see 
<bibRefCitation id="E16915ABFFF91D08C8D9FDEF3A00CA4B" author="Woltereck, E" box="[161,351,545,568]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" pagination="208 - 262" refId="ref3065" refString="Woltereck, E., 1937 a. Systematisch - variationsanalytische Untersuchungen uber die Rassen-und Artbildung bei Susswassergarnelen aus der Gattung Caridina (Decapoda, Atyidae). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 34: 208 - 262." type="journal article" year="1937">Woltereck, 1937a</bibRefCitation>
; b; Zitzler, pers. observ.). When alive, the atyid shrimps of the Malili Lake system may be easily recognized by their distinctive, conspicuous and usually species-specific live colour patterns (K. Zitzler, unpubl. data).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF91D08C809FD0F3A18CBAB" blockId="5.[113,752,705,984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
So far, 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF91D08C8B0FD0F3A3BCAAB" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[200,356,705,728]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF91D08C8B0FD0F3A3BCAAB" box="[200,356,705,728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">C. spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only freshwater shrimp that associates with sponges. Interestingly, in the East African Lake Tanganyika, another atyid shrimp, 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF91D08CA32FCCF3B8FCB4B" authorityName="Roth-Woltereck" authorityYear="1958" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Limnocaridina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iridinae">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF91D08CA32FCCF3B8FCB4B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Limnocaridina iridinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, appears to be associated, presumably also commensally, with a bivalve, 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF91D08C9C2FC8F3973CB2B" box="[442,556,833,856]" class="Bivalvia" family="Iridinidae" genus="Iridina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionida" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF91D08C9C2FC8F395BCB2B" box="[442,516,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Iridina</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E16915ABFFF91D08CA43FC8F3BF4CB0B" author="Roth-Woltereck, E" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" pagination="188 - 192" refId="ref3031" refString="Roth-Woltereck, E., 1958. Limnocaridina iridinae, n. sp. Eine interessante Garnele aus dem Tanganjika-See (Decapoda Atyidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 161: 188 - 192." type="journal article" year="1958">Roth-Woltereck, 1958</bibRefCitation>
). The two associations may be even seen as a nice example of ecological convergence between atyid shrimps of the Great Rift lakes in eastern Africa and the Malili Lake system in 
<collectingRegion id="473CA6B8FFF91D08C898FC0F3A1BCBAB" box="[224,324,961,984]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8547685AFFF91D08C809FBCF3A6ACCEB" blockId="5.[113,752,1025,1176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
Compared to other 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF91D08C93EFBCF3AA0CC6B" box="[326,511,1025,1048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF91D08C93EFBCF3AF9CC6B" box="[326,422,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Caridina</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="42F813D9FFF91D08CA73FBCF39FDCC6B" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="2006" box="[523,674,1025,1048]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="B78CB448FFF91D08CA73FBCF39FDCC6B" box="[523,674,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">C. spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also rather small (cl 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFF91D08C963FBEF3AC4CC4B" box="[283,411,1057,1080]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.8">1.8-2.8 mm</quantity>
). The medium egg size (0.8-0.9 x 
<quantity id="4200C5BFFFF91D08C8FEFB8F3A5BCC2B" box="[134,260,1089,1112]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4-0.6 mm</quantity>
) and small numbers of eggs (12-18) suggests an abbreviated larval development, which is typical for lacustrine species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>