358 lines
44 KiB
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358 lines
44 KiB
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<mods:title id="151E689716DABA5E61DFECEDA13892C5">Cryptic genera, cryptic species: phylogeny of the genus Philopteroides Mey, 2004, sensu lato, with descriptions of two new genera and one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E0394FAE90CD856A87F67314D2093EC4">Ren, Mengjiao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C0583484AF891D6FACF6A84DFEFD5E5">Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Library of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong Province, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A5D587227E416C28E9E8734D0C94A809">Tian, Chunpo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5CE657324FBF983DC1F84926C7A63656">College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang’an Street, Chang’an District, Xi’an City, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7663BFA3363EA11DD4FE0E41809D6FEC">Grossi, Alexandra A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DFE312F08218035D788B741BB6A6CD06">Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Library of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong Province, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E3CD58185600F86241FF836F45D43BED">Zou, Fasheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5692C89292F5BE7328B42588C8C68EF1" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8913-5651</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3CE7C5A70F333F87861CE66024D4775F">Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Library of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong Province, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="420EDEFC31783D608BAE14FF7A9295CB">Gustafsson, Daniel R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F955A16328E6B43DE2A811C2175D2448">Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Library of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong Province, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7AF5CCF1877F7672386732945CDEAF01">Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9AA9D335A7D9EA2994E72703FE8AB89F">
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<mods:date id="FF594040E641F9D2508A220B40E82D5D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="32D15B8853B51478B177913F370D6570">2024-08-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5D943C2254462383D5B01A30A1F75A72">82</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FE828EE01E5C0C2EC04E6E39F7330824">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="492F7CB6C6B967A03DE6C3C2C80E22EC" type="DOI">10.3897/asp.82.e114351</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="22672F26AB7831A7F403459B76E17352" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4A0E4637D788BFC843316FA5ADCF0301">
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<taxonomicName id="1DDE376C9932E36B4C1FA6CF4AFBBA9F" authority="Ren, Tian, Grossi, Zou & Gustafsson" authorityName="Ren, Tian, Grossi, Zou & Gustafsson" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Stasiasticopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3C5D6DFFA8D30CE57904718C7BD9D02D" italics="true">Stasiasticopterus</emphasis>
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Ren, Tian, Grossi, Zou & Gustafsson
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="413135C61996E4D4EA3F69152E3E654F" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EAVDI" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FF41761FA9275799CA68F12DB331460C">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6B95D07A88B1397946EB16A1D946E2AF">
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<treatmentCitation id="697FE42B12AB1EA0A0EAB34F5CDB5378" author="Uchida S" page="317" year="1948">
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<taxonomicName id="1C2777C7FAF30CE8D8A23914FF46D91D" ID-CoL="8N6MB" authority="Uchida, 1948: 317" authorityName="Uchida" authorityPageNumber="317" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bitrabeculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B327D614B9E7B36E56FAF28C0E838ED9" italics="true">Bitrabeculus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AFE7AA34B7D799A83A452140C23FD827" author="Uchida S" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Medical Journal" pagination="303-326" refId="B57" refString="Uchida S (1948) Studies on the biting-lice (Mallophaga) of Japan and adjacent territories (Suborder Ischnocera Pt. I). Japanese Medical Journal 1: 303 - 326." title="Studies on the biting-lice (Mallophaga) of Japan and adjacent territories (Suborder Ischnocera Pt. I)." volume="1" year="1948">
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Uchida, 1948:
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<quantity id="D6AEACDB1EDD462196DF998FBDE84D58" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0518" unit="in" value="317.0">317 in</quantity>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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partim.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="605643E8F24C151A1C26C9FF8EDF8097">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="183D7A21E1B4D11E7FE3306650EBE5CD">
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<treatmentCitation id="40796E794F9ACA71152F97C07651C801" author="Mey E" page="173" year="2004">
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<taxonomicName id="3CA9E0D546E26CCE994FFFC60549C102" ID-CoL="8MTKX" authority="Mey, 2004: 173" authorityName="Mey" authorityPageNumber="173" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="ADF6672433B0D6FC322C37783D61C1E9" italics="true">Philopteroides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BC9E28197055D303DBFFAD7DBE6F387E" author="Mey E" journalOrPublisher="Ornithologischer Anzeiger" pagination="149-203" refId="B42" refString="Mey E (2004) Zur Taxonomie, Verbreitung und parasitophyletischer Evidenz des Philopterus - Komplexes (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Ischnocera). Ornithologischer Anzeiger 43: 149 - 203." title="Zur Taxonomie, Verbreitung und parasitophyletischer Evidenz des Philopterus - Komplexes (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Ischnocera)." volume="43" year="2004">
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Mey, 2004:
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<quantity id="6EFA369940C4238B1CC2F9C43DBB0933" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3942" unit="in" value="173.0">173 in</quantity>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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partim.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EOVDI" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="1A341546D4D2AFFD540DF6D1953736D3">
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<heading id="CA95290C462966FB70A30C209B4DA33B" reason="title">Type species.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="564757C92E265ECEC9B00ED1C519F660">
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<taxonomicName id="6356580449A569656640F28ECBF477F6" authority="Najer & Sychra" authorityName="Najer & Sychra" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavala">
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<emphasis id="74F4854253B613C685BF2C86E8F776F2" italics="true">Philopteroides flavala</emphasis>
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Najer & Sychra
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</taxonomicName>
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[in
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<bibRefCitation id="E768E8CB74F729E28803CFA01B30A905" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3357.1.3" author="Najer T & Sychra O & Hung NM & Capek M & Podzemny P & Literak I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="37-48" refId="B44" refString="Najer T, Sychra O, Hung NM, Capek M, Podzemny P, Literak I (2012 a) New species and new records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) in Vietnam. Zootaxa 3357: 37–48. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3357.1.3" title="New species and new records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) in Vietnam." volume="3357">Najer et al.], 2012 a</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EDWDI" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="674F4FD654F5BA6AD7EFD4D988B9BC4D">
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<heading id="485774DCB22074D9532386DC73ABCA90" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C5F4F1210350C84FC859D74D0681F892">
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Species in
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<taxonomicName id="548F83022D2B08E50A3A9315AD287EEA" authorityName="Ren & Tian & Grossi & Zou & Gustafsson" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Stasiasticopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9AADF4A31E6AD2E646A9D2C39CB3E37B" italics="true">Stasiasticopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="F1821719C9720F7CAB6F5CD651639B8A" bold="true">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AFC4BACD7A5794ACB9ABEDF12B7A6871" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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can be separated from species of
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<taxonomicName id="F3B721483BF66C81A6F9D03109406AA3" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A1A37AB781B61A62E9BAACC41947CF62" italics="true">Philopteroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: 1) mesosome broad (rectangular or of more irregular shape), and clearly delineated ventrally in
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<taxonomicName id="1F27D7C49486A81935CD0B2060BF4EBB" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F0911DB37A48887631FA4985F47DB114" italics="true">Philopteroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation id="9AA80C379F3716840EC70DFCE25B068E" captionStart="Figures 2–17" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2–17. Comparison of the male genitalia of some species of Philopteroides Mey, 2004, Coronedax gen. n., and Stasiasticopterus gen. n. All figures redrawn from their original descriptions (Tandan 1955; Mey 2004; Valim & Palma 2013), unless otherwise noted. Illustrations have been rescaled to be roughly the same size. Illustrations are in ventral view, unless otherwise noted. No illustrations of the genitalia have ever been published for Philopteroides lineatus (Giebel, 1874), Philopteroides mitsusui (Uchida, 1948), or Stasiasticopterus kayanobori (Uchida, 1948). 2 Philopteroides novaezelandiae Mey, 2004. 3 Philopteroides xenicus Mey, 2004. 4 Philopteroides fuliginosus Valim & Palma, 2013. 5 Philopteroides macrocephalus Valim & Palma, 2013. 6 Philopteroides gigas Najer et al., 2016. 7 Philopteroides sinancorellus Najer et al., 2016. 8 Philopteroides sclerotifrons (Tandan, 1955); no scale in original. 9 Philopteroides pilgrimi Valim & Palma, 2013. 10 Philopteroides beckeri (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Valim & Palma 2013). 11 Coronedax terpsiphoni (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a). 12 Coronedax longiceps sp. n. 13 Stasiasticopterus longiclypeatus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 14 Stasiasticopterus holosternus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 15 Stasiasticopterus haerixos (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 16 Stasiasticopterus flavala (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a. 17 Stasiasticopterus cucphuongensis (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Gustafsson et al. 2022 b). Bold grey lines signify the generic divisions used here; narrow grey lines signify groups that are morphologically different from the type species of the respective genera, but where there is insufficient data to propose addition (e. g., subgeneric) limits. The two species here considered incerta sedis are placed in separate groups, pending further investigations. — Abbreviations used: BA = basal apodeme; GP = gonopore; MS = mesosome; lpmes = lateral posterios mesosomal setae; PM = parameres; pst 1–2 = parameral setae 1–2 (2 distal to 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e114351.figures2-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1108929">2–5</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), but completely fused to basal apodeme and visible only as vague dorsal plate in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F18CCDDB410FAB33EA1C60C80557A78" authorityName="Ren & Tian & Grossi & Zou & Gustafsson" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Stasiasticopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="99AB7C41DF237D3976B19FA2863D59F7" italics="true">Stasiasticopterus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Figs
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="AE4E95160DAA4C0E7435D12095BF3E5F" captionStart="Figures 2–17" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2–17. Comparison of the male genitalia of some species of Philopteroides Mey, 2004, Coronedax gen. n., and Stasiasticopterus gen. n. All figures redrawn from their original descriptions (Tandan 1955; Mey 2004; Valim & Palma 2013), unless otherwise noted. Illustrations have been rescaled to be roughly the same size. Illustrations are in ventral view, unless otherwise noted. No illustrations of the genitalia have ever been published for Philopteroides lineatus (Giebel, 1874), Philopteroides mitsusui (Uchida, 1948), or Stasiasticopterus kayanobori (Uchida, 1948). 2 Philopteroides novaezelandiae Mey, 2004. 3 Philopteroides xenicus Mey, 2004. 4 Philopteroides fuliginosus Valim & Palma, 2013. 5 Philopteroides macrocephalus Valim & Palma, 2013. 6 Philopteroides gigas Najer et al., 2016. 7 Philopteroides sinancorellus Najer et al., 2016. 8 Philopteroides sclerotifrons (Tandan, 1955); no scale in original. 9 Philopteroides pilgrimi Valim & Palma, 2013. 10 Philopteroides beckeri (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Valim & Palma 2013). 11 Coronedax terpsiphoni (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a). 12 Coronedax longiceps sp. n. 13 Stasiasticopterus longiclypeatus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 14 Stasiasticopterus holosternus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 15 Stasiasticopterus haerixos (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 16 Stasiasticopterus flavala (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a. 17 Stasiasticopterus cucphuongensis (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Gustafsson et al. 2022 b). Bold grey lines signify the generic divisions used here; narrow grey lines signify groups that are morphologically different from the type species of the respective genera, but where there is insufficient data to propose addition (e. g., subgeneric) limits. The two species here considered incerta sedis are placed in separate groups, pending further investigations. — Abbreviations used: BA = basal apodeme; GP = gonopore; MS = mesosome; lpmes = lateral posterios mesosomal setae; PM = parameres; pst 1–2 = parameral setae 1–2 (2 distal to 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e114351.figures2-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1108929">13–17</figureCitation>
|
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); 2) gonopore simple, extended distally in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="08A99E7C037A85C357EBD71781CF494F" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="80DCCC669EF3283E442E666AE298E76D" italics="true">Philopteroides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Figs
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="3134B1BFEFFA2FD962B31B0E043F6EC2" captionStart="Figures 2–17" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2–17. Comparison of the male genitalia of some species of Philopteroides Mey, 2004, Coronedax gen. n., and Stasiasticopterus gen. n. All figures redrawn from their original descriptions (Tandan 1955; Mey 2004; Valim & Palma 2013), unless otherwise noted. Illustrations have been rescaled to be roughly the same size. Illustrations are in ventral view, unless otherwise noted. No illustrations of the genitalia have ever been published for Philopteroides lineatus (Giebel, 1874), Philopteroides mitsusui (Uchida, 1948), or Stasiasticopterus kayanobori (Uchida, 1948). 2 Philopteroides novaezelandiae Mey, 2004. 3 Philopteroides xenicus Mey, 2004. 4 Philopteroides fuliginosus Valim & Palma, 2013. 5 Philopteroides macrocephalus Valim & Palma, 2013. 6 Philopteroides gigas Najer et al., 2016. 7 Philopteroides sinancorellus Najer et al., 2016. 8 Philopteroides sclerotifrons (Tandan, 1955); no scale in original. 9 Philopteroides pilgrimi Valim & Palma, 2013. 10 Philopteroides beckeri (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Valim & Palma 2013). 11 Coronedax terpsiphoni (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a). 12 Coronedax longiceps sp. n. 13 Stasiasticopterus longiclypeatus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 14 Stasiasticopterus holosternus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 15 Stasiasticopterus haerixos (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 16 Stasiasticopterus flavala (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a. 17 Stasiasticopterus cucphuongensis (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Gustafsson et al. 2022 b). Bold grey lines signify the generic divisions used here; narrow grey lines signify groups that are morphologically different from the type species of the respective genera, but where there is insufficient data to propose addition (e. g., subgeneric) limits. The two species here considered incerta sedis are placed in separate groups, pending further investigations. — Abbreviations used: BA = basal apodeme; GP = gonopore; MS = mesosome; lpmes = lateral posterios mesosomal setae; PM = parameres; pst 1–2 = parameral setae 1–2 (2 distal to 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e114351.figures2-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1108929">2–5</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), but more complicated, with numerous small thickenings and ridges in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B900A71CE5F1A70759850B1BC37DCD61" authorityName="Ren & Tian & Grossi & Zou & Gustafsson" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Stasiasticopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="C97616D63FABF8913132C5D1CBFA8063" italics="true">Stasiasticopterus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Figs
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="D5339E427115ABA71507AF4779BA2E1A" captionStart="Figures 2–17" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2–17. Comparison of the male genitalia of some species of Philopteroides Mey, 2004, Coronedax gen. n., and Stasiasticopterus gen. n. All figures redrawn from their original descriptions (Tandan 1955; Mey 2004; Valim & Palma 2013), unless otherwise noted. Illustrations have been rescaled to be roughly the same size. Illustrations are in ventral view, unless otherwise noted. No illustrations of the genitalia have ever been published for Philopteroides lineatus (Giebel, 1874), Philopteroides mitsusui (Uchida, 1948), or Stasiasticopterus kayanobori (Uchida, 1948). 2 Philopteroides novaezelandiae Mey, 2004. 3 Philopteroides xenicus Mey, 2004. 4 Philopteroides fuliginosus Valim & Palma, 2013. 5 Philopteroides macrocephalus Valim & Palma, 2013. 6 Philopteroides gigas Najer et al., 2016. 7 Philopteroides sinancorellus Najer et al., 2016. 8 Philopteroides sclerotifrons (Tandan, 1955); no scale in original. 9 Philopteroides pilgrimi Valim & Palma, 2013. 10 Philopteroides beckeri (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Valim & Palma 2013). 11 Coronedax terpsiphoni (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a). 12 Coronedax longiceps sp. n. 13 Stasiasticopterus longiclypeatus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 14 Stasiasticopterus holosternus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 15 Stasiasticopterus haerixos (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 16 Stasiasticopterus flavala (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a. 17 Stasiasticopterus cucphuongensis (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Gustafsson et al. 2022 b). Bold grey lines signify the generic divisions used here; narrow grey lines signify groups that are morphologically different from the type species of the respective genera, but where there is insufficient data to propose addition (e. g., subgeneric) limits. The two species here considered incerta sedis are placed in separate groups, pending further investigations. — Abbreviations used: BA = basal apodeme; GP = gonopore; MS = mesosome; lpmes = lateral posterios mesosomal setae; PM = parameres; pst 1–2 = parameral setae 1–2 (2 distal to 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e114351.figures2-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1108929">13–17</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); 3) parameres fleshy, loosely articulated with basal apodeme and not strongly convergent in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CDD871307744AF0DD413C0C2F1EB7EA4" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5AA4886EB06F95BBA8FB3E03BF1A588F" italics="true">Philopteroides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Figs
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="C711408930FA68087E70A3FC799B5BC9" captionStart="Figures 2–17" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2–17. Comparison of the male genitalia of some species of Philopteroides Mey, 2004, Coronedax gen. n., and Stasiasticopterus gen. n. All figures redrawn from their original descriptions (Tandan 1955; Mey 2004; Valim & Palma 2013), unless otherwise noted. Illustrations have been rescaled to be roughly the same size. Illustrations are in ventral view, unless otherwise noted. No illustrations of the genitalia have ever been published for Philopteroides lineatus (Giebel, 1874), Philopteroides mitsusui (Uchida, 1948), or Stasiasticopterus kayanobori (Uchida, 1948). 2 Philopteroides novaezelandiae Mey, 2004. 3 Philopteroides xenicus Mey, 2004. 4 Philopteroides fuliginosus Valim & Palma, 2013. 5 Philopteroides macrocephalus Valim & Palma, 2013. 6 Philopteroides gigas Najer et al., 2016. 7 Philopteroides sinancorellus Najer et al., 2016. 8 Philopteroides sclerotifrons (Tandan, 1955); no scale in original. 9 Philopteroides pilgrimi Valim & Palma, 2013. 10 Philopteroides beckeri (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Valim & Palma 2013). 11 Coronedax terpsiphoni (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a). 12 Coronedax longiceps sp. n. 13 Stasiasticopterus longiclypeatus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 14 Stasiasticopterus holosternus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 15 Stasiasticopterus haerixos (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 16 Stasiasticopterus flavala (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a. 17 Stasiasticopterus cucphuongensis (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Gustafsson et al. 2022 b). Bold grey lines signify the generic divisions used here; narrow grey lines signify groups that are morphologically different from the type species of the respective genera, but where there is insufficient data to propose addition (e. g., subgeneric) limits. The two species here considered incerta sedis are placed in separate groups, pending further investigations. — Abbreviations used: BA = basal apodeme; GP = gonopore; MS = mesosome; lpmes = lateral posterios mesosomal setae; PM = parameres; pst 1–2 = parameral setae 1–2 (2 distal to 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e114351.figures2-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1108929">2–5</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), but smaller, harder, tightly convergent in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6A14E8D4C96DF04427DA2B9AC7826AFD" authorityName="Ren & Tian & Grossi & Zou & Gustafsson" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Stasiasticopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="899BB2364A87D2F2202BC72DF6075244" italics="true">Stasiasticopterus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Figs
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="F08C23A29C4CF812CFE94CC0136E80F5" captionStart="Figures 2–17" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2–17. Comparison of the male genitalia of some species of Philopteroides Mey, 2004, Coronedax gen. n., and Stasiasticopterus gen. n. All figures redrawn from their original descriptions (Tandan 1955; Mey 2004; Valim & Palma 2013), unless otherwise noted. Illustrations have been rescaled to be roughly the same size. Illustrations are in ventral view, unless otherwise noted. No illustrations of the genitalia have ever been published for Philopteroides lineatus (Giebel, 1874), Philopteroides mitsusui (Uchida, 1948), or Stasiasticopterus kayanobori (Uchida, 1948). 2 Philopteroides novaezelandiae Mey, 2004. 3 Philopteroides xenicus Mey, 2004. 4 Philopteroides fuliginosus Valim & Palma, 2013. 5 Philopteroides macrocephalus Valim & Palma, 2013. 6 Philopteroides gigas Najer et al., 2016. 7 Philopteroides sinancorellus Najer et al., 2016. 8 Philopteroides sclerotifrons (Tandan, 1955); no scale in original. 9 Philopteroides pilgrimi Valim & Palma, 2013. 10 Philopteroides beckeri (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Valim & Palma 2013). 11 Coronedax terpsiphoni (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a). 12 Coronedax longiceps sp. n. 13 Stasiasticopterus longiclypeatus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 14 Stasiasticopterus holosternus (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 15 Stasiasticopterus haerixos (Gustafsson et al., 2022 b). 16 Stasiasticopterus flavala (Najer & Sychra [in Najer et al.], 2012 a. 17 Stasiasticopterus cucphuongensis (Mey, 2004) (redrawn from Gustafsson et al. 2022 b). Bold grey lines signify the generic divisions used here; narrow grey lines signify groups that are morphologically different from the type species of the respective genera, but where there is insufficient data to propose addition (e. g., subgeneric) limits. The two species here considered incerta sedis are placed in separate groups, pending further investigations. — Abbreviations used: BA = basal apodeme; GP = gonopore; MS = mesosome; lpmes = lateral posterios mesosomal setae; PM = parameres; pst 1–2 = parameral setae 1–2 (2 distal to 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e114351.figures2-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1108929">13–17</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); 4) male tergopleurite IX + X medianly continuous in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="757E4056C08A1D88976C9531DA89D442" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="12208E147CBA588435DB90AD15D4F89F" italics="true">Philopteroides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but medianly interrupted in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E93C5BB94AE4B1C67F537D646851252B" authorityName="Ren & Tian & Grossi & Zou & Gustafsson" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Stasiasticopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="E40AA7F5173EA372C95D3C872BA5E291" italics="true">Stasiasticopterus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="B2CA971A56C522A800B62683307A9029">
|
|||
|
|
Possibly, species of these two genera may be separated on preantennal characters as well. In
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BF4697179476257BF32BA909B458BA0E" authorityName="Ren & Tian & Grossi & Zou & Gustafsson" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Stasiasticopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="3F71023231089B5AACF05C5228E67548" italics="true">Stasiasticopterus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
the dorsal preantennal suture always reaches the lateral margin of the head at the site of
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETZDI" xlink_title="anterior seta 1">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2C2D18DBA796E95FC76A89CE5BC6F3B7" italics="true">as 1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
, and the marginal carina may be divided at the same point (but this is not always clear, and the carina may be just indented in some species); this would represent state D
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="F8739BB075C4BADC5C004B6BAD0FD187" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
the schematics of the preantennal head published by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FC521A3605A36F4AEF521D9FB69CFE36" author="Mey E" firstAuthor="Mey" journalOrPublisher="Ornithologischer Anzeiger" pagination="149-203" refId="B42" refString="Mey E (2004) Zur Taxonomie, Verbreitung und parasitophyletischer Evidenz des Philopterus - Komplexes (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Ischnocera). Ornithologischer Anzeiger 43: 149–203." title="Zur Taxonomie, Verbreitung und parasitophyletischer Evidenz des Philopterus - Komplexes (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Ischnocera)." volume="43" year="2004">Mey (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. In published photos and illustrations, it seems
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4EA4B293B4A289B509FE16D71585C66F" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="587E67B586199C33A9FCDAF8F1A4732E" italics="true">Philopteroides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
typically represents state D
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="A85B14D45DA500A9C4218E7992E59877" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
the same scheme, with a notched but not interrupted marginal carina, and a suture that does not reach the lateral margin of the head. Possibly, the state of the dorsal preantennal suture is a better diagnostic character than the state of the marginal carina, but more species need to be examined before this character can be evaluated properly.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="55FEA17D355DACDE9ED505D382499AC4">
|
|||
|
|
Moreover, the structure of the dorsal anterior plate may consistently differ between the two genera, in that the plate is generally broader and with the posterior extension thickened and associated with internal carinae in some
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B725CCD0EC46F1BEE4D66F5E91EB2F54" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="43A69C77E400ACDC6CC8FF89F439F364" italics="true">Philopteroides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but more narrow and without such thickening of the posterior elongation in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F23F11A4B3A98D891358EA3EFA425E7C" authorityName="Ren & Tian & Grossi & Zou & Gustafsson" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Stasiasticopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="D0D31284134F35B42410DD09E72CE36E" italics="true">Stasiasticopterus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="3C9968B5C87CC42945706652906502DE">Females can presently only be identified based on the preantennal characters described above, and by genetic data. However, both preantennal characters need verification, and are not clearly illustrated for some species.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0ET1DI" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="C3A7A0E20D4EB1292A792044DDA6B448">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="0CEF63A1C26CDD7A875C4CB8153FAAEB" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="0857AF2079A6FF293DC478BEA076B3C2">
|
|||
|
|
Small lice of the head louse ecomorph (sensu
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8614E41EC4A879EF7C383584E120C1B3" DOI="10.1186/1741-7007-10-52" author="Johnson" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Johnson" refId="B28" refString="Johnson KP, Shreve SM, Smith VS (2012) Repeated adaptive divergence of microhabitat specialization in avian feather lice. BMC Biology 10: 52 [11 pp.] https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-10-52" year="2012">Johnson et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Frons deeply and narrowly emarginate, with median margin secondarily sclerotized. Dorsal preantennal suture completely surrounds dorsal anterior plate and reaches lateral margin of head at site of
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E51DI" xlink_title="anterior seta 1">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="C6D78430E6164A006F36A06BD8B93DD9" italics="true">as 1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
; plate slender with no internal carinae and with posterior elongation not thickened. Marginal carina may be interrupted at site of
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ED2DI" xlink_title="anterior seta 1">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AAEDA6FC91C5768AC1FBF0B5653480C7" italics="true">as 1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
. Trabecula present. Antennae sexually monomorphic. Transverse carinae present. Temporal setae
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EI2DI" xlink_title="ocular seta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="92D35DA6F4CDDEC1872D576A1B4CB8CD" italics="true">os</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EN2DI" xlink_title="marginal temporal setae 1, 3">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="63EF1EB627E6A9CA3A1C51EB15A15CF8" italics="true">mts 1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="7F08C89CCD0F48F61CAEFDAE38480965" italics="true">mts 3</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
macrosetae,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="F8417D9E2AC80D75CADA52729569F1B6" italics="true">mts 3</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
typically longer than the others. Dorsal head sensilla
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EW2DI" xlink_title="sensilla 1–4 of dorsal postantennal head">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6DBB31247E71F512892745836197AE86" italics="true">s 1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
–
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5A6A29BC3BD0EF226FB960E1CDF35CA5" italics="true">4</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E42DI" xlink_title="posttemporal seta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="697819305EEC9F14969AD83CDEBF1815" italics="true">pts</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EC3DI" xlink_title="postnodal seta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="61652BF72B33D95094453534D4970A76" italics="true">pns</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
present. Pro- and pterothorax not divided medianly;
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EH3DI" xlink_title="pronotal post-spiracular seta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9FBB638844EF4CBEF2008337CAD3F33" italics="true">ppss</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
on posterior margin of pronotum;
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EM3DI" xlink_title="marginal mesometanotal setae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="44DE07F3F8792A00F03D146036A0E16D" italics="true">mms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
as continuous row on posterior margin of pteronotum. Prosternum present; mesometasternum absent. Metepisterna not sclerotized laterally. Abdomen broad, tergopleurites II – IX + X (male) or II – VIII (female) medianly divided, each with rows of macrosetae on posterior margin; anterior seta of tergopleurite II present. Sternal plates variable between species, typically present on at least segments III – VI, generally broader in male than in female; accessory sternal plates present in at least some segments, in males often fused to central sternal plates at least in more posterior segments. At least some thorn-like
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ER3DI" xlink_title="sternal seta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="96E842B59E620EBB954E6764365AAF35" italics="true">sts</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
present on most of segments II – VI. Basal apodeme slender, completely fused to mesosome; mesosome may be visible as vague plate on dorsal side, if so, never rectangular. Gonopore large, with numerous sclerites, ridges, and in some species with fringed distal extensions; mesosomal setae not visible in more species. Parameres strongly sclerotized, strongly convergent, with
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EW3DI" xlink_title="parameral setae 1–2">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B249D3E345272D7EFF5C60EC9EBB6C9E" italics="true">pst 1</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
–
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="108B23CF67324D51BF515FA186BB516D" italics="true">2</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
sensilla. Female subgenital plate not reaching vulval margin; vulval margin with 1–2 rows of shorter
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E43DI" xlink_title="vulval submarginal setae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="DA6B43C120561B03778C02C3C582FBA5" italics="true">vss</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
and longer
|
|||
|
|
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EC4DI" xlink_title="vulval marginal setae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="194E6E69D7784D0E80CF8E2200FE3DA1" italics="true">vms</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</abbrev>
|
|||
|
|
. Subvulval plates present.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="3CB7FB951D6717F9DDB04FF684566F8A">
|
|||
|
|
For more complete illustrations of this genus, see
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="385546135B1EBBA1AA7663C145EB3F69" DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.800.1683" author="Gustafsson DR & Najer T & Zou F & Bush SE" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pagination="1-88" refId="B23" refString="Gustafsson DR, Najer T, Zou F, Bush SE (2022 b) The ischnoceran chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) of bulbuls (Aves: Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae), with descriptions of 18 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 800: 1–88. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.800.1683" title="The ischnoceran chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) of bulbuls (Aves: Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae), with descriptions of 18 new species." volume="800">Gustafsson et al. (2022 b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0EM4DI" type="host">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="E53FFAE0F2CF4D0C8CA09D1A13C3B7C2">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="30E775E9D6EAA9003B1786D0B06840E7" reason="title">Host associations.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="FBF19B7322B5653B621E4AD2861D724B">
|
|||
|
|
Presently only known from bulbuls (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BE237C28B501E6D96B9A7AE41A0B7931" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ADC34C1F257D4B7089AC1384CD2888EB" authorityName="G. R. Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Aves" family="Pycnonotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pycnonotidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0E34DI" type="Geographical range">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="78CC031430D560EBB7C4797782A781CC">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="3BD69FC8E522BB3EAAFF644DA9732750" reason="title">Geographical range.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="A390BBBFD6C532005731EF5D9661071B">
|
|||
|
|
Described species only known from Asian hosts (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="82B297E6648A728B673BA7B7B03D79C0" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="65B5F01FC1E1FEC90AED424B6277B72E" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="CA18BEBFBDBC11650C282C83BC002B36" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FC21A674F2F361066347B133BC45B744" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
), but undescribed species from African hosts closely related and probably belong to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3A2107EA4F6F8B6CC22748248263DCE7" authorityName="Ren & Tian & Grossi & Zou & Gustafsson" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Stasiasticopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="474F7E8A4160DBC3C9A6546FA66043A4" italics="true">Stasiasticopterus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJ5DI" type="etymology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="D17D155B1ACD00A4AFDF2B4F36DA851F">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="FC303FD60246D1F237C1EBD63A14247A" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="02831EC54D9F423575173AB01C7303CB">
|
|||
|
|
The genus name is derived from Greek “ στασιαστικός ” (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="BB8552A1DEA73FCA2D00DC1275D87C06" italics="true">stasiastikós</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
), meaning “ factious, seditious ”. This refers to the fact that the lice in this group are morphologically almost identical to those of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F5CC6B812989F8114EADB3EC170586DD" authorityName="Mey" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="18281FAB40FCFADE94E1396B7669C346" italics="true">Philopteroides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but insist on forming their own, presumably convergently evolving, clade. To this is added an ending derived from “ - πτερόν ” (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="5FB6FA0DA089A08647EB071E7E703D9F" italics="true">pterón</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
), Greek for “ wing ”, and here used as an indicator of relationship with the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EC8FF68AA4C1A2C41992D63B6E729096" authority="Nitzsch, 1818" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Philopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="080943FC25EC3727702B824F0E3CA201" italics="true">Philopterus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="56F8DE3EBF01CA1D61107B2E09D53282" author="Nitzsch CL" journalOrPublisher="Magazin der Entomologie" pagination="261-316" refId="B49" refString="Nitzsch CL (1818) Die Familien und Gattungen der Thierinsekten (insecta epizoica); als Prodromus einer Naturgeschechte derselben. Magazin der Entomologie 3: 261 - 316." title="Die Familien und Gattungen der Thierinsekten (insecta epizoica); als Prodromus einer Naturgeschechte derselben." volume="3" year="1818">Nitzsch, 1818</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Gender: masculine.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0EB6DI" type="Included species">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="D5B52E049C91C404343BB00385E9204A">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="B4F36EC57832FBACEDEC5F9472B98D5C" reason="title">Included species.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="0992D88B1AD22359655B6F30FE803A43">
|
|||
|
|
See Table
|
|||
|
|
<tableCitation id="AF73337692FFE28E50B4DE0183D2A976" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Classification of the species previously placed in Philopteroides, along with host information. Type species of each genus are denoted with an asterisk (*)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E2B74D37F06D3124C1B54761B0EB7401" tableUuid="E2B74D37F06D3124C1B54761B0EB7401">3</tableCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|