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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.236.113435" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-236-179" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA73F6F1A34658A0A58EB81E9CEE79AC" ModsDocID="1314-2003-236-179" checkinTime="1703228373475" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wieclaw, Helena, Řepka, Radomir &amp; Koopman, Jacob" docDate="2023" docId="E4AAC78248C2549385DF19C7838B78A6" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 236: 179-186" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 236" docPubDate="2023-12-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.236.113435" docTitle="Carex ligniciensis Figert, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 6: 38 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="AA73F6F1A34658A0A58EB81E9CEE79AC" lastPageNumber="179" masterDocId="AA73F6F1A34658A0A58EB81E9CEE79AC" masterDocTitle="Lectotypification of two names of Carex buekii hybrids (Cyperaceae) and notes on their morphology, ecology and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="186" masterPageNumber="179" pageNumber="179" updateTime="1703228373475" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="CA505C6242DCD10D5C50376CF0FEBFB8">Lectotypification of two names of Carex buekii hybrids (Cyperaceae) and notes on their morphology, ecology and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6AF358C51FBD0DA3C04A2F684DC5CC03">Wieclaw, Helena</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A2414B8FDE4E99AE49D845E4602D010A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-6532</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="EC6FEBDE5A87A1EDA71443B46DF91BD1">Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Adama Mickiewicza 18, 70 - 383, Szczecin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="16FBAD71CEDAC56F7457AB6A66A6909B" type="email">helena.wieclaw@usz.edu.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0F5A9BB33CCE2C206F0C4F421BDA9125">Řepka, Radomir</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA24B9BF9494CF419F7DEA9550D576DF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-0042</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="558F41C67CA8840BA2701DA19A576E11">Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Zemedelska 3, CZ- 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1F13148791DAA2957C52A815FCF4909B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AE7AB74E59AC8796FF9552B0402C3FA6">Koopman, Jacob</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="63072D9DF4DDA12C5DCB23577E4E0AC3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8235-1108</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8EDF20A1D6F2A2552D2DEA1E013388ED">ul. Kochanowskiego 27, 73 - 200 Choszczno, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0FDF518654D3397DE9E769E2BE2C7442">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A8D82D0AE15FFE35027200DF21CE4B4A">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E4AAC78248C2549385DF19C7838B78A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4AAC78248C2549385DF19C7838B78A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4AAC78248C2549385DF19C7838B78A6" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">
<subSubSection id="330EA4CA31C662D94FE75B3E83081C9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="89A000CB9070D39081DB959BEBE9CE67" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName id="8E2A1757D85E5E9385138C6F48126511" ID-CoL="69B7J" LSID="E4AAC782-48C2-5493-85DF-19C7838B78A6" authority="Figert, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 6: 38 (1900) [C. buekii x C. nigra]." authorityName="Figert, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 6: 38" authorityYear="1900" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex ligniciensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligniciensis">
Carex
<normalizedToken id="7ABA07CBAF414BDDB031CC10304B20CE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ligniciensis Figert, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 6: 38 (1900) [C. buekii
<normalizedToken id="67B227504AD5050A314CABA13AD70F04" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
C. nigra].
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="99922B73E69D33BA5B9218E8FB57CB70" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" type="lectotype (designated here)">
<paragraph id="056FF72BF6E278BA4AFDBE9F7A641D2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">Lectotype (designated here).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4300B5E4FE5B1B7BDA1D9D4B817D0AEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">
Poland. Flora von Schlesien. Liegnitz: Parchwitz, auf einer Wiese an der Katzbach unter den Stammarten. 10/6/99. Leg. Figert (WRSL barcode WR GS 066846; isolectotype WRSL barcode WR GS 058738) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="ED002A4568D282F967D0738BE1F471EC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. The lectotype of Carex x ligniciensis Figert (WRSL barcode WR GS 066846). Photo: Herbarium, Museum of Natural History University of Wroclaw, Poland." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.236.113435.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/955987" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="0468686AC4C8A92B0A5C6E58FC232B94" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.236.113435.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/955987" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="DD8BE276B330431290AB8BA62061F1EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="487F8A45965D8B4456E9DB1E232F7E6F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">Figure 1.</emphasis>
The lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="87E56E7894936105E864282B5A0DEDAB" authorityName="Figert, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 6: 38" authorityYear="1900" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex ligniciensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligniciensis">
Carex
<normalizedToken id="DFF411BA49D25E0573F56584DA1506E0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ligniciensis
</taxonomicName>
Figert (WRSL barcode WR GS 066846). Photo: Herbarium, Museum of Natural History University of
<normalizedToken id="30181F52A9E5F698628BA5EC6CEDE496" originalValue="Wrocław">Wroclaw</normalizedToken>
, Poland.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F5FA70834E5DA28FB24FE37AB794CD66" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" type="morphology">
<paragraph id="091D5877302CEFC31737EB8E6AB6054E" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">Morphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5831ED1B5B6646EB363B183D825BCEFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">
The hybrid is mostly intermediate between the parental species and characterised by the following traits:
<normalizedToken id="923A27E68758B5F856EC9CDEAA6BD492" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
tussocks 25-40 cm high, with numerous, shorter or longer creeping rhizomes; stems slender, with reddish brown to purple scale-like, non-reticulate basal sheaths, rough on the edges in the lower half; leaf blades 3-4 mm wide, with very long acuminate, bristle-like tip, very rough on the margin, dark green to grey-green; male spikes 1-2, oblong-cylindrical, glumes brown-black to black, obtuse, with a light central stripe, female spikes 3(-4), narrow, short cylindrical, proximate, lowermost slightly distant, lax at base, ca 4 cm long, pedunculate; female glumes ovate, shorter than utricles, dark brown; utricles empty, small, non-deciduous, green, without veins; lower bract shorter than inflorescence (
<bibRefCitation id="305812E80F8B0F6BE87C454126726C19" author="Grulich, V" editor="Stepankova, J" journalOrPublisher="9). Academia, Praha" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" pagination="179 - 360" refId="B4" refString="Grulich, V, Řepka, R, Stepankova, J, 2023. Carex L. - ostrice. In: Stepankova, J, Kaplan, Z, Chrtek, J, Eds., Flora of the Czech Republic (Vol. 9). Academia, Praha: 179 - 360" title="Carex L. - ostrice." volumeTitle="Flora of the Czech Republic (Vol." year="2023">Grulich et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="DC963CDC41774FB72B264CCCA4344385" author="Wallnoefer, B" journalOrPublisher="Neilreichia" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" pagination="195 - 208" refId="B19" refString="Wallnoefer, B, 2006. Die Verteilung der Stomata auf den Laubblattern als wichtiges diagnostisches Merkmal zur Unterscheidung der Arten und Hybriden in der Carex acuta - und C. rostrata -Verwandtschaft (Cyperaceae). Neilreichia 4: 195 - 208" title="Die Verteilung der Stomata auf den Laubblattern als wichtiges diagnostisches Merkmal zur Unterscheidung der Arten und Hybriden in der Carex acuta - und C. rostrata - Verwandtschaft (Cyperaceae)." volume="4" year="2006">
<normalizedToken id="826AD86EA4DF2F524B61E3CD63C06BE7" originalValue="Wallnöfer">Wallnoefer</normalizedToken>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that this hybrid has amphistomatic leaves (stomata on both sides of the leaves). This trait makes this hybrid impossible to confuse with the other
<taxonomicName id="E51AABA91929B434759CD3EC10326D66" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. buekii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" rank="species" species="buekii">
<emphasis id="C9B91527274E8CC4C1F76E12C9B48273" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">C. buekii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hybrids, which have only stomata on the lower surface of the leaves (hypostomatic). The first of the parental species,
<taxonomicName id="EB35C5231618B99AED18584F5EA69075" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. buekii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" rank="species" species="buekii">
<emphasis id="5BC4433D9C3CFB792342D2926698F995" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">C. buekii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is hypostomatic while in the second one,
<taxonomicName id="57877019F6C16BE4CDF4BAD93B2A8624" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. nigra" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="25FB9958F90DA11E7066BDCEA420A2B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">C. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the stomata are found on the upper (adaxial) side of the leaves (epistomatic).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="661D5FE24F33FD788FDEA658ECAE8575" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="2D39226C5A049135B792CE8234D71151" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B4242F64FCE1767A2C34221C8FF519ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">
This hybrid was found in floodplains of large rivers where both parental species could meet. However,
<taxonomicName id="95D6D81332BA51F19B666240BFAC37E5" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. nigra" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="9A0643882E20AB491C8B8E533BAF6409" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">C. nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
avoids warm areas with the exception of isolated lowland fen sediments in previously flooded meadows, which corresponds to all known finds of this hybrid so far.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0A13CA6E62B1A882B861E5026F5574EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="30BAF0015E91DDB4D312D1BC17EF8228" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F83E940779851B518809DB268B1F68CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName id="E1265C4735B9692793132D4407C0B2BC" authorityName="Figert, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 6: 38" authorityYear="1900" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex ligniciensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligniciensis">
Carex
<normalizedToken id="83EDBFE5C18864B735E96328DACC56BB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ligniciensis
</taxonomicName>
is relatively rare and has been found so far in Poland, the Czech Republic and Italy (
<bibRefCitation id="8BB26EBDF742A379AB5BB61A5E6D0F57" author="Koopman, J" journalOrPublisher="Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" refId="B8" refString="Koopman, J, 2022. Carex Europaea. The Genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae) in Europe 1. Accepted Names, Hybrids, Synonyms, Distribution, Chromosome Numbers, 3rd edn. Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim" title="Carex Europaea. The Genus Carex L. (Cyperaceae) in Europe 1. Accepted Names, Hybrids, Synonyms, Distribution, Chromosome Numbers, 3 rd edn." year="2022">Koopman 2022</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens in BRNL, BRNM, CB, PR, and PRA were collected in the Czech Republic between 1921 and 1995, and they lack field verification. Therefore, we could consider it missing or even extinct at this locality. On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="2F9DFA6A7C0ED9E7481BEB9D821ED1CA" family="Cyperaceae" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ligniciensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" rank="species" species="ligniciensis">
C.
<normalizedToken id="329553A798272ADEAA4DF2CB7ED26A99" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ligniciensis
</taxonomicName>
is a very inconspicuous and apparently overlooked plant. In the Czech Republic, only one recent locality is known from the floodplain of the River Morava near the town of
<normalizedToken id="EF8B2ADB922CA138577E2375B340EFEC" originalValue="Kroměříž">Kromeriz</normalizedToken>
. As far as we know there are no recent findings of this hybrid in Poland, while its occurrence in Italy is at least questionable, as
<taxonomicName id="4D3F94CA9DAC5CA98EE8DC0A69C12B51" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. buekii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" rank="species" species="buekii">
<emphasis id="8BBF8E319ABF7745499D0D29F6320FFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">C. buekii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely rare in this country (
<bibRefCitation id="A8919A670204193B817F89630799A58C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.3" author="Koopman, J" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" pagination="139 - 161" refId="B9" refString="Koopman, J, Dajdok, Z, Wieclaw, H, Martinetto, E, Grulich, V, Řepka, R, Jimenez-Mejias, P, 2018. Global distribution of Carex buekii (Cyperaceae) reappraised. Phytotaxa 358 (2): 139 - 161, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.3" title="Global distribution of Carex buekii (Cyperaceae) reappraised." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.2.3" volume="358" year="2018">Koopman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D6546F13AE72DFADE9C15448BEF00B05" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">
The sterility of
<taxonomicName id="2A0199B9F84394E272B3CA4A95F061B5" family="Cyperaceae" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ligniciensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" rank="species" species="ligniciensis">
C.
<normalizedToken id="355557B4EDBD4B4E35107AB51E98631A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ligniciensis
</taxonomicName>
limits it dispersal, however, the persisting of hybrid populations probably depends on vegetative reproduction, like with other sterile hybrids in
<taxonomicName id="DC1BDDBF44F5D5CB189DEFD1F56CDF0B" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14890FFF8A41925FAC9BF4B10BCC8BA5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="179">Carex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7A7AF2F7C89E720AD4678A671A7C977D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165430" author="Pedersen, ATM" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" refId="B11" refString="Pedersen, ATM, Nowak, MD, Brysting, AK, Elven, R, Bjorĺ, CS, 2016. Hybrid origins of Carex rostrata var. borealis and C. stenolepis, two problematic taxa in Carex section Vesicariae (Cyperaceae). PLoS ONE 11: e0165430. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165430" title="Hybrid origins of Carex rostrata var. borealis and C. stenolepis, two problematic taxa in Carex section Vesicariae (Cyperaceae). PLoS ONE 11: e 0165430." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165430" year="2016">Pedersen et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The spontaneous recurrence and survival of hybrids under natural conditions are a driving force of plant speciation (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="802FC0F6A08648BFEEA8C671A8DA087E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05706" author="Mallet, J" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" pagination="279 - 283" refId="B10" refString="Mallet, J, 2007. Hybrid speciation. Nature 446 (7133): 279 - 283, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05706" title="Hybrid speciation." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05706" volume="446" year="2007">Mallet 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="820FA8FB6AED763FEF87354884DB0DD3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12095" author="Soltis, PS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="179" pagination="291 - 293" refId="B15" refString="Soltis, PS, 2013. Hybridization, speciation and novelty. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26 (2): 291 - 293, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12095" title="Hybridization, speciation and novelty." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12095" volume="26" year="2013">Soltis 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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