175 lines
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175 lines
15 KiB
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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297102" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38aee501-3c26-4686-9c32-a0991b651db7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905099958" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="E2B5DD16355FD9725EEA847F47FC2645" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Artiodactyla.637-722.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Alces Gray 1821" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" lastPageNumber="653" masterDocId="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" masterDocTitle="Order Artiodactyla" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="653" updateTime="1716783024384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7138DE48E0A6AD411CD5656C3B9908B3">Order Artiodactyla</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="A78CC26DC8FBB028884052CC40330D69">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15F7E64CD527D19C45ABE6C8C15CAB21">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D5C7DE8DA60225097A81AFE5915B702E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="89EF4C8709336E21B1F6893DBCE441ED">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="BA8846EBF90F699580E35D38C3EFDC38">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F09B67C3E9B587C2B5342ABAC0D5C55B">
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<mods:title id="B9BE186D4668E9461762023EF6436363">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="39600B8E459271984F9C266168B8AF07">
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<mods:start id="5480D80D2A80473DB0F536038BCDDEC5">637</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="B895F7830A6F8755967EAEA225DED35B" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F82B813B4268FE3B5B906A93E256A0A8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E2B5DD16355FD9725EEA847F47FC2645" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11337056" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540820" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11337056" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E2B5DD16355FD9725EEA847F47FC2645" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2B5DD16355FD9725EEA847F47FC2645" lastPageNumber="653" pageNumber="653" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200207">
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<subSubSection id="3E97AD7369D5610C2C85487DFADA79C4" pageNumber="653" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D6760CAD35A22E9EC3B78E061BC9388C" pageNumber="653">
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<taxonomicName id="411BB8BAC7C98C085245DFE9436D0B6C" ID-CoL="RKW" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="303E047E2FBCBF145A500077ED6994B7" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Alces</emphasis>
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Gray 1821
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE6A29E6CF278341BB2CBC8098DDC87F" pageNumber="653" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7B689CBAE79E6E267C3FECE6E9A7299A" pageNumber="653">
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<treatmentCitation id="5C4576B4420B778D2FBF0FA97BD90350" author="Gray" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" journal="London Med. Repos." kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" page="307" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Alces" volume="15" year="1821">
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<taxonomicName id="010BAA9EE7C2511C7019BA6736B609D3" ID-CoL="RKW" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="04869129A76E7A358DB245A2EA66E6EC" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Alces</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3B2022F51FB1C1574DCE5BC3C56671D3" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref127912" refString="Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, 15 (1): 296 - 310." year="1821">Gray 1821</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="1D218A9F7A6CC7DC56394A33A529A237" author="Gray" journal="London Med. Repos." pageNumber="653" pagination="307" title="Alces" volume="15" year="1821">London Med. Repos., 15: 307</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F326FD06CD16622C5A024D239F4B2702" pageNumber="653" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="DC75ADA2AC7DF0888190D991AFDCD7B4" pageNumber="653">
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<emphasis id="E334C4D5A9C42AA37A395F50FBA6FA88" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="653">Type Species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="74C6C3DEE129DAF2DD9DA25730FF590E" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alces">
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<emphasis id="FAF2CB6A3287C17C1BC11E8940A6CD78" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Cervus alces</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DDDC891F99E05600BA0E11C542CBA1AA" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="12FA6EA428F15289D518AF745ACE00D2" pageNumber="653" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph id="1830D26473F895D15BBF456CE7631FE8" pageNumber="653">
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<emphasis id="83D4C66AB00C9B426E48116EDEBDE203" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="653">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A225E5B02C35FCAE0E82818665CD557B" authority="Frisch 1775" authorityName="Frisch" authorityYear="1775" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1674451CED8DC5D9E382F990A2FD6217" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Alce</emphasis>
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Frisch 1775
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="21D63C8EBFD261895346A32F0BE38BB6" authority="J. Allen 1902" authorityName="J. Allen" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Paralces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51554954A59AD8CA7430431189CA5BFB" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Paralces</emphasis>
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J.
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<bibRefCitation id="7E1C06E6090D55D871FDC43410B9ABB5" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5572" refString="Allen, J. A. 1902. Mammal names proposed by Oken in his " Lehrbuch der Zoologie ". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 16: 373 - 379." year="1902">Allen 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0C144EBA4E60B408D932B2B74CDD5834" pageNumber="653" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="325CC1E3E2C73068606D6A345D190C99" pageNumber="653">
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<emphasis id="F50BEBD1686A3230F4B783F0C2F1A957" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="653">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
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2 species with 4 subspecies:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9DCD1872F13446A00A95F81D047544C9" pageNumber="653">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="86BFED52D83C56E7ACAF4B5C8BE0A52B" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alces">
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<emphasis id="AF00549E9B0B2A4BD2D2BA462E853013" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Alces alces</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="53F07C96AA10F353A6552C643DC68BD9" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DCEB32A9AEE6690179F0ACBA119348EE" pageNumber="653">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="DF00ED16A0202F0B9608462C8DE78977" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="alces" subSpecies="alces">
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<emphasis id="FD90F35BEB9C722B033F208CD01AA95A" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Alces alces</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="5C1C77E1DC9CBEF5F6BC2E0E935C75C3" italics="true" pageNumber="653">alces</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="ADFB3E8E26022BD992E2CF7326200181" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5FBEDB280500FDC47A991DC737DC148B" pageNumber="653">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="19E641CF54DBC540B494616F27149353" authority="Vereshchagin 1955" authorityName="Vereshchagin" authorityYear="1955" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="alces" subSpecies="caucasicus">
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<emphasis id="4538D1173BE5E33648062920B71C5FE8" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Alces alces</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="CC663A5EC47A5375DFF646FC0D72D040" italics="true" pageNumber="653">caucasicus</emphasis>
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Vereshchagin 1955
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6DB5484B16F7BCACAA27FCD1386114BD" pageNumber="653">
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Species
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<taxonomicName id="766BFCCC30CB11C5F6EECA7BFDC530C3" authority="Clinton 1822" authorityName="Clinton" authorityYear="1822" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="582A96FE28BC506D35B793CFA7D77BE2" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Alces americanus</emphasis>
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Clinton 1822
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C223A50D023D31AC5DBC227BFC544057" pageNumber="653">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="3E0B7B8120B788F89339F93759E8A7BE" authority="Clinton 1822" authorityName="Clinton" authorityYear="1822" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="americanus">
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<emphasis id="CD9A8C0324BDDC60101B2C71C267E1E4" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Alces americanus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="81C048AB8A36C662285BC930E2BE46BC" italics="true" pageNumber="653">americanus</emphasis>
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Clinton 1822
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4CBA7E56ACFF38871F7005B29E4B0EE2" pageNumber="653">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="F80BDE420BCC36687F6828A9BCE70195" authority="Milne-Edwards 1867" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="americanus" subSpecies="cameloides">
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<emphasis id="75034AD36ABBD8653BFE4A8A521C527D" italics="true" pageNumber="653">Alces americanus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="39C98F8F90F94423EB4E30F807AD6324" italics="true" pageNumber="653">cameloides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E4F970EB579F28063BE12EE9609B8378" author="Milne-Edwards, A." refId="ref242802" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. 1867. Observations sur quelques mammiferes du nord de la Chine. Annales des sciences naturelles. Zoologie et biologie animale, 7 (5): 375 - 377." year="1867">Milne-Edwards 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1743EA3A3138313C1A4C9651BA60FBA4" pageNumber="653" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="5CB6B123B5890854FE589FBE7AE58878" pageNumber="653">
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<emphasis id="D5C05955651DF7FB9EE465A5119242E7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="653">Discussion:</emphasis>
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Has been regarded as a monotypic genus by most recent workers but Boyeskorov (1999) treated the
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<taxonomicName id="B4666DFFCC3AB577F117DA957B627B7E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alces">
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<emphasis id="4BDD24DF1ADB503CC3B21086D2A4779E" italics="true" pageNumber="653">alces</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="602D56CE361E74D1426E01F4C4494395" authorityName="Clinton" authorityYear="1822" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Alces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
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<emphasis id="681B6781D7A24983B011405E735AE124" italics="true" pageNumber="653">americanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subspecies groups as species. They are said to be separated by the Yenisei River in Siberia. More information is required on the location and nature of the contact zone, particular in the upper Yenisei,
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<collectingCountry id="C9CFEAA41B9D14F3D0FEB5B1B7DBE581" name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="0F07E219C723DFCFCB048B87F16FCD62" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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. It has yet to be confirmed that both species occur or occurred in
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<collectingCountry id="8D5BF19DF9FFFCEACC0CCFF9C3E846A2" name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="5DC9146E7F1AF66215CF27B5158A0E72" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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. Genus revised by
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<bibRefCitation id="65110E38DAB59346FAA2863695C11764" author="Peterson, R. L." refId="ref282387" refString="Peterson, R. L. 1952. A review of the living representatives of the genus Alces. Contributions from the Royal Ontario Museum in Zoology and Palaeontology, 34: 1 - 30." year="1952">Peterson (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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; reviewed by
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<bibRefCitation id="B6F56EBA1B1531A012AE5B6FAA67C532" author="Franzmann, A. W." refId="ref108227" refString="Franzmann, A. W. 1981. Alces alces. Mammalian Species, 154: 1 - 7." year="1981">Franzmann (1981</bibRefCitation>
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, Mammalian Species, 154) and
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<bibRefCitation id="E342715122985792BCD2E8BD9580501B" author="Geist, V." refId="ref116300" refString="Geist, V. 1998. Deer of the world. Their evolution, behavior and ecology. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, Pensylvania, 421 pp." year="1998">Geist (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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