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<mods:title id="9C5FE2E4584289C5D0176593105613DC">Two further new species in the highly-diverse Malagasy endemic genus Capurodendron (Sapotaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="811431A2851C9D917CA680BD39898997">Gautier, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BFB65D2AFBDAE8402B0A6C443181634E">Boluda, Carlos G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F9B22AE667225018CA469476CC73279">Randrianaivo, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="6952FA1EFFBD546CFFE71325D07EFED0" blockId="5.[113,764,278,335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFFE71325D3FCFEB0" ID-CoL="CCZQ8" authority="L. Gaut. &amp; Boluda" authorityName="L. Gaut. &amp; Boluda" authorityYear="2022" box="[113,663,278,303]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namorokense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFFE71325D0D8FEB1" bold="true" box="[113,435,278,302]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Capurodendron namorokense</emphasis>
L. Gaut. &amp; Boluda
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, 
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="40AA9B77FFBD546CFD321324D397FEB0" box="[676,764,279,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="F1D6E69BFFBD546CFFEF1304D185FED0" box="[121,238,310,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,166,1889,1909]" captionTargetBox="[136,1475,276,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-25@4.[582,1028,868,1268]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. – Capurodendron mikearum L. Gaut.&amp; Boluda:A. Habit; B. Twig; C. Slashed bark; D. Fascicles of flowers; E. Flowers. Capurodendron namorokense L. Gaut.&amp; Boluda: F.Slashed bark; G. Twig with two old flowers in an early fruit development stage. [A: Gautier 6329; B–E: Gautier 6339; F–G: Gautier et al. 6276] [Photos: L. Gautier]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7183106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7183106/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Fig. 2F–G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F1D6E69BFFBD546CFF6C1304D063FED0" box="[250,264,311,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[136,165,1889,1909]" captionTargetBox="[193,1399,318,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[193,1399,318,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. – Capurodendron namorokense L. Gaut.&amp; Boluda. A. Apex of branch; B. Branch; C. Old flower lacking corolla, dissected laterally; D. Old flower lacking corolla; E. Leaf, abaxial side; F. Leaf, adaxial side. [Gautier et al. 6276] [Drawing: G. Loza]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14056741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14056741/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6952FA1EFFBD546CFF011351D389FE45" blockId="5.[151,763,353,474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<materialsCitation id="D985F043FFBD546CFF011351D023FE45" collectingDate="2016-10-25" collectionCode="G" collectorName="Gautier" country="Madagascar" elevation="146" latitude="-16.460835" location="Tsingy de Namoroka" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="45.27639" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" specimenCode="G0419383" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mahajanga" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="B65644BCFFBD546CFF011351D04AFEE5" box="[151,289,354,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Holotypus</typeStatus>
:
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<collectingCountry id="11FABA8EFFBD546CFEA01352D08FFEE6" box="[310,484,353,377]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
. Reg. Melaky [Pro v. 
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]:
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, sur Tsingy, 
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, 
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, 
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, old fl., 
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et al. 6276
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(
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[
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: 
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[
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!, 
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!, 
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!)
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21F7A995FFBD546CFF0113DFD1B8FCFB" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6952FA1EFFBD546CFF0113DFD1B8FCFB" blockId="5.[151,764,492,868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFF0113DFD1B8FCFB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFF0113DFD3FEFD9B" authority="L. Gaut. &amp; Boluda" authorityName="L. Gaut. &amp; Boluda" box="[151,661,492,516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namorokense">Capurodendron namorokense L. Gaut. &amp; Boluda</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFF01103ED0FBFDBB" authority="Aubrev." authorityName="Aubrev." box="[151,400,524,548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antongiliense">C. antongiliense Aubrév.</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFE0F103ED397FDBB" authority="L. Gaut. &amp; Boluda" authorityName="L. Gaut. &amp; Boluda" box="[409,764,524,548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="birkinshawii">C. birkinshawii L. Gaut. &amp; Boluda</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFF50101ED0F1FDDB" authority="Aubrev." authorityName="Aubrev." box="[198,410,556,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">C. nodosum Aubrév.</taxonomicName>
in its medium-sized leaves (blade 
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long) with 10–15 straight secondary veins that are regularly spaced and clearly raised on lower surface. It however differs from the latter three species by the lack of an obvious Aubréville branching pattern in terminal shoots and by its smaller outer calyx lobes (
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vs. 
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long). It further differs from 
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by the acute leaf base (vs. broadly rounded to subcordate) and from both 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFDB0113ED3A7FCBB" box="[550,716,780,804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="birkinshawii">C. birkinshawii</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFF01111ED054FCDB" box="[151,319,812,836]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antongiliense">C. antongiliense</taxonomicName>
by its smaller stipules (&lt;
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vs.&gt; 
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long).
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21F7A995FFBD546CFF0111BED395F8BB" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="description">
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<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFF0111BED1ADFC3B" box="[151,198,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Tree</emphasis>
, 
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tall, 
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DBH, outer bark greyish, deeply fissured longitudinally, slash pink, with white latex; terminal twigs 
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in diam., glabrescent, with leaves clustered at the distal 
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, twig bark pale to medium grey, smooth to longitudinally wrinkled, profusely warted by the attachment of previous years’ leaves, later with short transversal cracks; brachyblasts absent; stipules triangular, 4 × 
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at base, felted outside, glabrous inside. 
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chartaceous, caducous; petiole 9–17 × c. 
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, tomentose, terete proximally and semi-terete distally; leaf blade elliptic, 5.5–12 × 
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, base acute, apex obtuse, margin entire to slightly sinuous, frequently revolute, glabrous adaxially, whitish-tomentose abaxially, slightly bullate; midrib slightly prominent adaxially, very prominent abaxially, tomentose, 10–15 pairs of craspedodromous raised secondary veins spreading at 60–80°, straight, arching in the last millimetres to form a marginal vein, intersecondaries present, similar to the secondary veins but dissolving half-way to the margin, tertiary veins slightly conspicuous adaxially, inconspicuous abaxially, irregular, not forming well-delimited cells. 
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFD3C17FFD397FA7B" box="[682,764,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Flowers</emphasis>
solitary or in pairs, at the base of the current years’ shoots; pedicels 9–12 × 
<quantity id="AE1557FBFFBD546CFE89143FD0E5F9BB" box="[287,398,1547,1572]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
, tomentose. 
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFD80143FD33FF9BB" box="[534,596,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Sepals</emphasis>
(old flowers) 5, quincuncial, two outers sub-triangular to ovato-lanceolate, 5.5 × 
<quantity id="AE1557FBFFBD546CFF3D147FD187F9FB" box="[171,236,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, apex subacute, sparsely tomentose inside except in the central portion, tomentose outside, three inners lanceolate, 4.8 × 
<quantity id="AE1557FBFFBD546CFEBB14BFD004F93B" box="[301,367,1676,1700]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, apex subacute, glabrous inside and densely pubescent with adpressed trichomes outside except at the overlapping margins. 
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFE3F14FFD09EF97B" box="[425,501,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Corolla</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFD9514FED33FF97B" box="[515,596,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">stamens</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFD1D14FFD390F97B" box="[651,763,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">staminodes</emphasis>
unknown. 
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFF7014DED041F89B" box="[230,298,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Ovary</emphasis>
(in late flowering state) with 5 uniovulate locules, densely hirsute with beige trichomes. 
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFDC3153ED3E7F8BB" box="[597,652,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Fruit</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21F7A995FFBD546CFF01157FD34FF81B" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6952FA1EFFBD546CFF01157FD34FF81B" blockId="5.[113,763,1868,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFF01157FD06EF8FB" box="[151,261,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Etymology</emphasis>
. – The specific epithet refers to the Tsingy de Namoroka, where the species was found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21F7A995FFBD546CFCD11324D2BEFE30" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6952FA1EFFBD546CFCD11324D2BEFE30" blockId="5.[801,1452,279,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFCD11324D5BCFEB0" box="[839,1239,279,303]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Distribution, ecology and phenology</emphasis>
. – 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFA961324D2CFFED0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namorokense">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFA961324D2CFFED0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Capurodendron namorokense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="11FABA8EFFBD546CFAB21304D4CCFED0" box="[1316,1447,311,335]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, thriving in dry deciduous forest on limestone outcrops (tsingy). The single known specimen has been collected in October, with old flowers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21F7A995FFBD546CFCD113E4D2D4FCF0" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="6952FA1EFFBD546CFCD113E4D2D4FCF0" blockId="5.[801,1452,471,879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFCD113E4D423FE70" box="[839,1352,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
Conservation status. – 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFBBC13E4D423FE70" box="[1066,1352,471,495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namorokense">Capurodendron namorokense</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known only from a single locality within the Tsingy de Namoroka Protected Area, only 
<quantity id="AE1557FBFFBD546CFC691024D529FDB1" box="[1023,1090,535,559]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
from its border. Its AOO is 
<quantity id="AE1557FBFFBD546CFAFB1024D4C8FDB1" box="[1389,1443,530,559]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
² and its EOO is estimated to be less than 
<quantity id="AE1557FBFFBD546CFB461004D475FDD0" box="[1232,1310,567,591]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
² (both qualifying for CR under criterion B). The species is documented in only one location with respect to the most probable threat which is selective logging. As most 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFB0E10A4D4EEFD30" box="[1176,1413,663,687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFB0E10A4D45EFD30" box="[1176,1333,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Capurodendron</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are actively logged for their valuable timber, it has to be considered as threatened by selective logging despite the natural protection that the tsingy environment provides, and a population decline is projected. On this basis, the species is assessed as “Critically Endangered” [CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,v)] (
<bibRefCitation id="0D7C87EFFFBD546CFCBF1164D2DFFCF0" author="IUCN" box="[809,948,855,879]" firstAuthor="IUCN" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" refId="ref5343" refString="IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1." type="book" year="2012">IUCN, 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21F7A995FFBD546CFCD111ABD51EFB30" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6952FA1EFFBD546CFCD111ABD51EFB30" blockId="5.[801,1453,919,1199]" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFCD111ABD5ACFC30" box="[839,1223,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
Notes. – 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFC3711A4D5ACFC30" box="[929,1223,919,943]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namorokense">Capurodendron namorokense</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be recognised by the characteristic venation pattern of its leaves, which is only slightly reminiscent of 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFBB411E4D5A8FC70" box="[1058,1219,983,1007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antongilense">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFBB411E4D5A8FC70" box="[1058,1219,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">C. antongilense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFB4611E4D41DFC70" box="[1232,1398,983,1007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="birkinshawii">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFB4611E4D41DFC70" box="[1232,1398,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">C. birkinshawii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFCB711C4D2F3FB90" box="[801,920,1015,1039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFCB711C4D2F3FB90" box="[801,920,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">C. nodosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Genetically, it is retrieved with 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFB7911C4D4FAFB90" box="[1263,1425,1015,1039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nanophyllum">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFB7911C4D4FAFB90" box="[1263,1425,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">C. nanophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the base of the “Arid Complex”, comprised of 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFA8E1624D4CDFBB0" box="[1304,1446,1047,1071]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="androyense">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFA8E1624D4CDFBB0" box="[1304,1446,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">C. androyense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFCB71604D2D4FBD0" box="[801,959,1079,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mandrarense">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFCB71604D2D4FBD0" box="[801,959,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">C. mandrarense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFC5C1604D5CAFBD0" box="[970,1185,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFC5C1604D519FBD0" box="[970,1138,1079,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microphyllum">C. microphyllum</taxonomicName>
, and
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFB311604D2E9FBF0" authority="(BOLUDA et al., 2021)" baseAuthorityName="BOLUDA" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mikearum">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFB311604D440FBD0" box="[1191,1323,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">C. mikearum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D7C87EFFFBD546CFAAC1604D210FBF0" author="BOLUDA, C. G. &amp; CHRISTE, A. &amp; RANDRIARISOA, L." pageId="5" pageNumber="124" refId="ref4942" refString="BOLUDA, C. G., C. CHRISTE, A. RANDRIARISOA, L. GAUTIER &amp; Y. NACIRI (2021). Species delimitation and conservation in taxonomically challenging lineages: the case of two clades of Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) in Madagascar. Plants 10: 1072. DOI: https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / plants 10081702" type="journal volume" year="2021">BOLUDA et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The species of this clade are restricted to the southern half of the island whereas 
<taxonomicName id="AEED819DFFBD546CFBFC1644D467FB10" box="[1130,1292,1143,1167]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Capurodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="namorokense">
<emphasis id="5B99260CFFBD546CFBFC1644D467FB10" box="[1130,1292,1143,1167]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">C. namorokense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="11FABA8EFFBD546CFC6716A4D51AFB30" box="[1009,1137,1175,1199]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="124">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>