treatments-xml/data/72/BD/16/72BD161EB8605AB4979233EAE00DA6AB.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.96359" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2032-3921-1-59" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A3301095CCAD56078E5F4CA25FE7E738" ModsDocID="2032-3921-156-1-59" checkinTime="1677749836928" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bidault, Ehoarn, Boupoya, Archange, Ikabanga, Davy U., Nguimbit, Igor, Texier, Nicolas, Rutishauser, Rolf, Mesterhazy, Attila &amp; Stevart, Tariq" docDate="2023" docId="72BD161EB8605AB4979233EAE00DA6AB" docLanguage="en" docName="PlantEcolEvol 156(1): 59-84" docOrigin="Plant Ecology and Evolution 156 (1)" docPubDate="2023-03-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.96359" docTitle="Ledermanniella bifurcata C. Cusset (Cusset 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="A3301095CCAD56078E5F4CA25FE7E738" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="A3301095CCAD56078E5F4CA25FE7E738" masterDocTitle="Novitates Gabonenses 93: a fresh look at Podostemaceae in Gabon following recent inventories, with a new combination for Ledermanniella nicolasii" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1677749836928" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Novitates Gabonenses 93: a fresh look at Podostemaceae in Gabon following recent inventories, with a new combination for Ledermanniella nicolasii</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bidault, Ehoarn</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5029-8069</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa &amp; Madagascar Department, St. Louis, Missouri, USA &amp; Institut de Systematique, Evolution, et Biodiversite (ISYEB), Unite Mixte de Recherche 7205, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle / Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universites, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ehoarn.bidault@mobot.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Boupoya, Archange</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-8737</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), Libreville, Gabon &amp; Herbier National du Gabon, Libreville, Gabon</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ikabanga, Davy U.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie et de Biodiversite Vegetale, Departement de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences, Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nguimbit, Igor</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie et de Biodiversite Vegetale, Departement de Biologie, Faculte des Sciences, Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Texier, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-992X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa &amp; Madagascar Department, St. Louis, Missouri, USA &amp; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, Faculte des Sciences, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rutishauser, Rolf</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Herbarium et Bibliotheque de Botanique africaine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mesterhazy, Attila</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stevart, Tariq</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-0361</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa &amp; Madagascar Department, St. Louis, Missouri, USA &amp; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, Faculte des Sciences, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium &amp; Centre for Ecological Research, Wetland Ecology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-01</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72BD161EB8605AB4979233EAE00DA6AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/72BD161EB8605AB4979233EAE00DA6AB" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3SWP5" ID-ENA="348066" LSID="72BD161E-B860-5AB4-9792-33EAE00DA6AB" authority="(Engl.) C. Cusset (Cusset 1974: 273)" authorityName="C. Cusset (Cusset" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Engl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Ledermanniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ledermanniella bifurcata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bifurcata">Ledermanniella bifurcata (Engl.) C.Cusset (Cusset 1974: 273)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution maps of Podostemaceae in Gabon. A. Inversodicraea annithomae (grey circles), I. boumiensis (red diamonds). B. Inversodicraea nicolasii (red diamonds), I. paulsitae (grey circles), I. tenax (orange triangles). C. Inversodicraea thollonii (red diamonds), Ledermanniella bifurcata (grey circles). D. Ledermanniella aloides (grey circles), L. schlechteri (red diamonds)." figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.96359.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816314" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs illustrating a selection of species treated in this paper. A, B. Inversodicraea thollonii (A: Boupoya et al. 1948; B: Boupoya et al. 1943). C. Ledermanniella aloides (Boupoya et al. 1749). D, E. Ledermanniella bifurcata (D: Boupoya et al. 1954; E: Boupoya et al. 1958). F, G. Ledermanniella pusilla (F: Boupoya et al. 1733; G: Boupoya et al. 1735). H. Ledermanniella pygmaea (H: Boupoya et al. 1764). Photographs: Archange Boupoya." figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.96359.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816316" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">, 6D, E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Inversodicraea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Inversodicraea bifurcata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bifurcata">Inversodicraea bifurcata</taxonomicName>
Engl. (
<bibRefCitation author="Engler, A" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" refId="B27" refString="Engler, A, 1915. Podostemonaceae. Die Vegetation der Erde: Sammlung pflanzengeographischer Monographien 9(3,1): 268-277." title="Podostemonaceae. Die Vegetation der Erde: Sammlung pflanzengeographischer Monographien 9 (3,1): 268 - 277." year="1915">Engler 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 273, plate 178) - Type: same as for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Cusset (Cusset" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Engl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Ledermanniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ledermanniella bifurcata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bifurcata">Ledermanniella bifurcata</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Inversodicraea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Inversodicraea minima" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minima">Inversodicraea minima</taxonomicName>
Engl. (
<bibRefCitation author="Engler, A" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" refId="B27" refString="Engler, A, 1915. Podostemonaceae. Die Vegetation der Erde: Sammlung pflanzengeographischer Monographien 9(3,1): 268-277." title="Podostemonaceae. Die Vegetation der Erde: Sammlung pflanzengeographischer Monographien 9 (3,1): 268 - 277." year="1915">Engler 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 273, plate 176) - Type: CAMEROON • Rapids of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kienké">Kienke</normalizedToken>
river, ca 50 km east of Grand Batanga [&quot;in den Schnellen des Kienke oder Kribi-Baches, c. 50 km 
<normalizedToken originalValue="östlich">oestlich</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Groß-Batanga”">Gross-Batanga&quot;</normalizedToken>
]; Jun. 1911; [
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="2.8">
2°48 
<normalizedToken originalValue="’00”">'00&quot;</normalizedToken>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="10.35">
10°21 
<normalizedToken originalValue="’00”">'00&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
]; 90 m; fl., fr.; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Mildbraed 5952</emphasis>
; lectotype (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">designated here</emphasis>
): U [U 0005647]; isolectotypes: B, BM [BM000910384].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Inversodicraea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Inversodicraea zenkeri" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zenkeri">Inversodicraea zenkeri</taxonomicName>
Engl. (
<bibRefCitation author="Engler, A" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" refId="B27" refString="Engler, A, 1915. Podostemonaceae. Die Vegetation der Erde: Sammlung pflanzengeographischer Monographien 9(3,1): 268-277." title="Podostemonaceae. Die Vegetation der Erde: Sammlung pflanzengeographischer Monographien 9 (3,1): 268 - 277." year="1915">Engler 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 273, plate 179) - Type: CAMEROON • Bipindi; Nov. 1908; fl., fr.; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Zenker 3811</emphasis>
; lectotype (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">designated here</emphasis>
): BM [BM000910385]; isolectotypes: B, WU [WU 0037875].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1911-06" collectorName="in den Schnellen, Kribi-Baches, Gross-Batanga" country="CAMEROON" elevation="90" latitude="2.8" location="Kienke river" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="10.35" municipality="Grand Batanga" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
• Rapids of the 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:72BD161EB8605AB4979233EAE00DA6AB:41DF46DE06BD5891CE9B3E8BEDFA98D3" country="CAMEROON" latitude="2.8" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="10.35" municipality="Grand Batanga" name="Kienke river">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kienké">Kienke</normalizedToken>
river
</location>
, ca 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
east of 
<collectingMunicipality>Grand Batanga</collectingMunicipality>
[&quot; 
<collectorName>in den Schnellen</collectorName>
des Kienke oder 
<collectorName>Kribi-Baches</collectorName>
, c. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
<normalizedToken originalValue="östlich">oestlich</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Groß-Batanga”">
<collectorName>Gross-Batanga</collectorName>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
]; 
<collectingDate value="1911-06">Jun. 1911</collectingDate>
; [
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="2.8">
2°48 
<normalizedToken originalValue="’00”">'00&quot;</normalizedToken>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="10.35">
10°21 
<normalizedToken originalValue="’00”">'00&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
]; 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="90.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; fl., fr.; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Mildbraed 5951</emphasis>
; 
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: B, isotype: BM [BM000910386]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.29924" author="Kuetegue, F" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="81 - 131" refId="B42" refString="Kuetegue, F, Sonke, B, Ameka, GK, 2019. A checklist of rheophytes of Cameroon. PhytoKeys 121: 81 - 131, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.29924" title="A checklist of rheophytes of Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.29924" volume="121" year="2019">Kuetegue et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
as well as 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T185509A8425558.en" author="Ghogue, J-P" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" refId="B31" refString="Ghogue, J-P, 2010. Ledermanniella bifurcata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T185509A8425558. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T185509A8425558.en" title="Ledermanniella bifurcata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e. T 185509 A 8425558." url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T185509A8425558.en" year="2010">Ghogue (2010)</bibRefCitation>
mention that this species is present in Equatorial Guinea, but they did not cite collections. We have not been able to find any collection clearly from Equatorial Guinea, aside from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Letouzey 15334</emphasis>
from the Ntem river at the border with Cameroon. The presence of this species in this country is nonetheless most probable since it was collected on the Ntem river, and in Gabon. In Gabon, this species is known from one collection (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Bogner 761</emphasis>
) made at the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kinguélé">Kinguele</normalizedToken>
falls in the Monts de Cristal, but recent inventories at this site revealed it has since disappeared due to the construction of two hydroelectric dams on the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mbé">Mbe</normalizedToken>
river. We have not been able to retrieve this collection and confirm the identification made by Cusset, although she mentioned it as being deposited in Paris. This species has not yet been found again elsewhere in the Monts de Cristal area, despite recent efforts since 2017. In Gabon, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. bifurcata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also present on the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
river around Lastoursville, as attested by a collection made by Le Testu (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">7424</emphasis>
) in 1929, and nine recent collections made in 2019.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
In Gabon, rapids in rivers from ca 50 to 450 m wide, 150-350 m in elevation (up to 600 m in Cameroon). It appears to be quite rare where encountered. Flowers and fruits were collected in January, February, May, June, July, November, and December. Recent Gabonese fertile collections were only made in July. In Gabon, it has been found once near 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl. (Engler" authorityYear="1926" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Saxicolella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saxicolella nana" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Saxicolella nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
. At the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kinguélé">Kinguele</normalizedToken>
falls, past collections made by Nicolas 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hallé">Halle</normalizedToken>
comprised 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. letestui" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="letestui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. letestui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="I. cristata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cristata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">I. cristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="I. tenax" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">I. tenax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, along with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. bifurcata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but no information on habitat partitioning was collected. In Gabon, this species was mostly found in fast-flowing water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
The recently collected Gabonese material confirmed observations already made by 
<bibRefCitation author="Cusset, C" journalOrPublisher="Eudicots. Springer, Berlin &amp; Heidelberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" publicationUrl="https://biostor.org/reference/247576" refId="B20" refString="Cusset, C, 1984. Contribution a l'etude des Podostemaceae : 8. Ledermanniella Engl. sous-genre Ledermanniella. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4e Serie, Section B, Adansonia 6(3): 249-278. https://biostor.org/reference/247576" title="Contribution a l'etude des Podostemaceae: 8. Ledermanniella Engl. sous-genre Ledermanniella. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4 e Serie, Section B, Adansonia 6 (3): 249 - 278." url="https://biostor.org/reference/247576" year="1984">Cusset (1984)</bibRefCitation>
concerning the morphological variability of this species, especially the presence of stemless shoots as well as elongated stems. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Boupoya 1953</emphasis>
to 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">1957</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Nguimbit 16</emphasis>
all show only stemless shoots, while 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Nguimbit 15</emphasis>
shows elongated stems up to 2 cm long. The collection 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Boupoya 1958</emphasis>
displays elongated stems up to 5 cm long, as well as a few stemless, fertile shoots, on the same individuals. The leaves appear to be variable in shape, most dwarf collections showing no or rarely forked leaves. On individuals with clearly developed stems, most leaves are usually 1-2-times forked. Stipules are also variable, from absent to present, more or less rounded at apex, depending on the material studied, and in variable proportions. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Cusset (Cusset" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Engl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Ledermanniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ledermanniella bifurcata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Ledermanniella bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to generally have two stamens, but in the collection 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Nguimbit 16</emphasis>
, ca 5-10% of its flowers have only one stamen. When it has a dwarf habit, this species is morphologically very close to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. pusilla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except this latter species has pollen as dyads, whereas 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. bifurcata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has pollen as monads. It is also very similar to another dwarf species with pollen as monads: 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. aloides" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aloides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. aloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It can still be differentiated from this species by the combination of at least some leaves being dichotomously divided (vs always entire in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. aloides" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aloides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. aloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and most importantly the conspicuously stalked spathellae, that show a tapered portion at base (stalk) variable in size, up to 7.5 mm long on 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Boupoya 1957</emphasis>
(vs spathellae never stalked in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. aloides" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aloides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. aloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The numerous collections of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. aloides" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aloides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. aloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
now allow for a better understanding of its morphological variability and its boundaries, therefore permitting a better selection of truly discriminative characters. It is nevertheless not yet the case for 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. bifurcata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that, despite its wide range of distribution in Central Africa, remains a rarely collected and poorly known species. Phylogenetic studies may also help in clarifying its position relative to allied species such as 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. aloides" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aloides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">L. aloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>