treatments-xml/data/72/43/87/724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4.xml

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<mods:title id="942268B5798D53261808D7AE8CB5BBF9">A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 2. Revision of the Craspedophorus leprieuri and C. regalis groups (Coleoptera: Carabidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5668754" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127709726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5668754" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<subSubSection id="B2F0652AD2525063BF852B66803FF98A" box="[151,635,1628,1654]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FA5536A1D2525063BF852B66803FF98A" blockId="37.[151,635,1628,1654]" box="[151,635,1628,1654]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<heading id="A11D81CDD2525063BF852B66803FF98A" bold="true" box="[151,635,1628,1654]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BF852B66803FF98A" bold="true" box="[151,635,1628,1654]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
Notes to 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BE162B6683C3F98A" ID-CoL="Z5YR" box="[260,391,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BE162B6683C3F98A" bold="true" box="[260,391,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group Häckel 2016
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2F0652AD2525061BF852B99835AF8D4" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" type="description">
<paragraph id="FA5536A1D2525061BF852B99814DFB5C" blockId="37.[151,1436,1698,2011]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,1832]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">
<materialsCitation id="4A823CFCD2525060BF852B99817BFD30" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1437069661" collectionCode="MRAC" collectorName="In &amp; Hackel &amp; Basilewsky's &amp; Although I &amp; Burgeon's &amp; Burgeon &amp; For &amp; After &amp; Now &amp; Plate &amp; Fig. &amp; Basilewsky" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="239" location="French" municipality="It" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BF852B9982EAF946" box="[151,174,1699,1722]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">In</collectorName>
the last work devoted to the 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BD0F2B9980D8F947" box="[541,668,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BD0F2B9980D8F947" box="[541,668,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BDED2B988114F947" box="[767,848,1698,1723]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Häckel</collectorName>
2016: 515) I accepted 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BB622B988741F947" box="[1136,1285,1698,1723]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Basilewsky‘s</collectorName>
(1987: 200) synonymization of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BE612BFD80E4F923" authority="Burgeon, 1930" authorityName="Burgeon" authorityYear="1930" box="[371,672,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BE612BFD83ABF922" box="[371,495,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. uelensis</emphasis>
Burgeon, 1930
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BDF62BFC86DBF923" authority="Hope, 1842" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1842" box="[740,1183,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savagei">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BDF62BFC81B8F922" box="[740,1020,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Craspedophorus savagei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2525063BB1F2BFD86D3F923" author="Hope" box="[1037,1175,1735,1759]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" refString="Hope, F. W. (1842) On some new Insects from Western Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 10, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1842">Hope, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BBBE2BFC876CF922" box="[1196,1320,1734,1759]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Although I</collectorName>
could not examine 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BFED2BD18336F8FF" box="[255,370,1771,1795]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Burgeon’s</collectorName>
<typeStatus id="25518803D2525063BE682BD183EEF8FF" box="[378,426,1771,1795]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">type</typeStatus>
the description (
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2525063BD792BD1811CF8FF" author="Burgeon" box="[619,856,1770,1795]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" refString="Burgeon, L. (1930 b) Les Panagaeini du Musee du Congo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 19, 151 - 166." type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="b">
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BD792BD18088F8FF" box="[619,716,1771,1795]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Burgeon</collectorName>
1930b: 159
</bibRefCitation>
) clearly indicated its assignment to the 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BA302BD187D8F8FF" box="[1314,1436,1771,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BA302BD187D8F8FF" box="[1314,1436,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BFFA2A3582BBF8DA" box="[232,255,1807,1830]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">In</collectorName>
the same work I also synonymized 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BD8F2A3581E1F8DB" authority="Hope, 1842" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1842" box="[669,933,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Panagaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raddoni">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BD8F2A35815CF8DA" box="[669,792,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. raddoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2525063BC332A3581E1F8DB" author="Hope" box="[801,933,1807,1831]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" refString="Hope, F. W. (1842) On some new Insects from Western Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 10, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1842">Hope, 1842</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BCCD2A3586ACF8DB" authority="Hope, 1842" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1842" box="[991,1256,1807,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savagei">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BCCD2A358613F8DA" box="[991,1111,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. savagei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2525063BB722A3586ACF8DB" author="Hope" box="[1120,1256,1807,1831]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" refString="Hope, F. W. (1842) On some new Insects from Western Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 10, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1842">Hope, 1842</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, on the basis of sexual dimorphism, with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BEA62A0980CEF8B7" box="[436,650,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" subSpecies="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BEA62A0980CEF8B7" box="[436,650,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. reflexus reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BD8A2A0980FBF8B6" box="[664,703,1843,1866]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">For</collectorName>
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BDD42A09817BF8B7" box="[710,831,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Panagaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raddoni">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BDD42A09817BF8B7" box="[710,831,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. raddoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
I clarified 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BCA92A088614F8B7" box="[955,1104,1842,1867]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Basilewsky‘s</collectorName>
(1987: 200) synonymization, whereas the synonmy of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BEBD2A6D8060F892" box="[431,548,1879,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savagei">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BEBD2A6D8060F892" box="[431,548,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. savagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was new. 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BD8B2A6C8090F893" box="[665,724,1878,1903]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">After</collectorName>
accepting 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BC5C2A6C81A6F893" box="[846,994,1878,1903]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Basilewsky’s</collectorName>
conclusion, I provisionally assigned 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BA902A6D8318F86F" authority="Burgeon" authorityName="Burgeon" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BA902A6D82B5F86F" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. uelensis</emphasis>
Burgeon
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BE952A418021F86F" box="[391,613,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" subSpecies="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BE952A418021F86F" box="[391,613,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. reflexus reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the distribution of 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BCAC2A418675F86F" box="[958,1073,1915,1939]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Burgeon’s</collectorName>
species differs from that of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BA902A418309F84A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" subSpecies="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BA902A418309F84A" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. reflexus reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and all other synonymized taxa). 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BDCA2AA5814BF84A" box="[728,783,1951,1974]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Now</collectorName>
, after examination of the 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2525063BB202AA486D0F84B" box="[1074,1172,1950,1975]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BBA82AA58772F84A" box="[1210,1334,1950,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BBA82AA58772F84A" box="[1210,1334,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. uelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BA572AA4873BF84B" box="[1349,1407,1950,1975]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Plate</collectorName>
9, 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BF852AF88280F827" box="[151,196,1986,2011]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Fig.</collectorName>
70) and of a number of specimens of the 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2525063BDA02AF98169F827" box="[690,813,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2525063BDA02AF98169F827" box="[690,813,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in the 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2525063BCDC2AF8860BF827" box="[974,1103,1986,2011]" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">Basilewsky</collectorName>
collection at 
<collectionCode id="9CFBAE64D2525063BBFD2AF98700F827" box="[1263,1348,1987,2011]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Mus<75>e Royal de l<>Afrique Centrale" pageId="37" pageNumber="238">MRAC</collectionCode>
, I must correct that provisional assignment. 
<collectingCounty id="13344E2DD2515060BD242DA28009FF53" box="[566,589,152,175]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">In</collectingCounty>
the description of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BC352DA286EEFF4C" authority="Burgeon (1930b: 159)" authorityName="Burgeon" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="1930" box="[807,1194,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BC352DA281E0FF4C" box="[807,932,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. uelensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BCBF2DA286EEFF4C" author="Burgeon" box="[941,1194,151,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Burgeon, L. (1930 b) Les Panagaeini du Musee du Congo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 19, 151 - 166." type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="b">Burgeon (1930b: 159)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
stated: “ 
<collectingMunicipality id="1A31ACDBD2515060BA022DA28767FF4C" box="[1296,1315,152,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">It</collectingMunicipality>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BF852D878366FF29" authority="Laf." authorityName="Laf." box="[151,290,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximius">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BF852D8782A8FF28" box="[151,236,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">eximius</emphasis>
Laf.
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BE532D8683FDFF28" box="[321,441,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BE532D8683FDFF28" box="[321,441,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], and 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BD122D8680D5FF29" authority="All." authorityName="All." box="[512,657,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Eudema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decorsei">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BD122D86801BFF28" box="[512,607,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">decorsei</emphasis>
All.
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BDA32D86865FFF29" authority="Rousseau, 1905" authorityName="Rousseau" authorityYear="1905" box="[689,1051,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bouvieri" subSpecies="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BDA32D86810EFF28" box="[689,842,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. b. bouvieri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BC4B2D868656FF29" author="Rousseau" box="[857,1042,188,213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Rousseau, E. (1905) Description de Carabides nouveaux de lAfrique tropicale. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 49, 202 - 204." type="journal article" year="1905">Rousseau, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
], from which is distinguishable by distinctly lesser pronotum and much less distinctly punctate elytra...”, [translated from 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BB622DE58680FF04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BB622DE58680FF04" box="[1136,1220,223,248]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="French" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">French</location>
]. 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BBC42DDA86A9FF0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BBC42DDA86A9FF0B" box="[1238,1261,224,247]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="In" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">In</location>
the differential diagnosis 
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BE1B2C3F8047FEE1" author="Burgeon" box="[265,515,260,285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Burgeon, L. (1930 b) Les Panagaeini du Musee du Congo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 19, 151 - 166." type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="b">
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BE1B2C3F832DFEE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BE1B2C3F832DFEE1" box="[265,361,261,285]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="Burgeon" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Burgeon</location>
(1930b: 160)
</bibRefCitation>
stated: “ 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BD7B2C3E80A7FEE0" box="[617,739,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BD7B2C3E80A7FEE0" box="[617,739,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger and longer… [than C. 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BB5C2C3E86ECFEE0" box="[1102,1192,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BB5C2C3E86ECFEE0" box="[1102,1192,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">uelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BBD32C3F869CFEE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BBD32C3F869CFEE0" box="[1217,1240,261,284]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="In" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">In</location>
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BBF22C3E828BFEBC" authority="Bates, 1890" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonnyi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BBF22C3E870AFEE0" box="[1248,1358,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. bonnyi</emphasis>
Bates, 1890
</taxonomicName>
metepisterna are almost squared, pronotal margins sinuate at midlength, hind angles are almost rectangular, and elytra are smooth. 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BE892C7783F6FE98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BE892C7783F6FE98" box="[411,434,333,356]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="In" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">In</location>
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BEA82C768012FE98" box="[442,598,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bouvieri" subSpecies="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BEA82C768012FE98" box="[442,598,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. b. bouvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the antennae are dilated and the pronotal base is weakly extended toward peduncle, as in 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BE462C4A802CFE74" authority="Gory, 1833" authorityName="Gory" authorityYear="1833" box="[340,616,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BE462C4A8383FE74" box="[340,455,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. regalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BEC82C4A801BFE74" author="Gory" box="[474,607,368,392]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Gory, M. (1833) Centurie de carabiques nouveaux. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 2, 168 - 247." type="journal article" year="1833">Gory, 1833</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BDBA2C4A8169FE74" box="[680,813,368,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Eudema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decorsei">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BDBA2C4A8169FE74" box="[680,813,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. decorsei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BC402C4A8688FE74" authority="Rousseau, 1905" authorityName="Rousseau" authorityYear="1905" box="[850,1228,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bouvieri" subSpecies="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BC402C4A81B2FE74" box="[850,1014,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. b. bouvieri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BB182C4A8681FE74" author="Rousseau" box="[1034,1221,367,392]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Rousseau, E. (1905) Description de Carabides nouveaux de lAfrique tropicale. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 49, 202 - 204." type="journal article" year="1905">Rousseau, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
” [translated from 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BF852CAE82AFFE51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BF852CAE82AFFE51" box="[151,235,404,429]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="French" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">French</location>
]. 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BE132CAF8379FE50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BE132CAF8379FE50" box="[257,317,405,428]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="From" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">From</location>
these characters, it seems that 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BDA72CAE8171FE50" box="[693,821,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BDA72CAE8171FE50" box="[693,821,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. uelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BCCB2CAE8611FE50" box="[985,1109,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BCCB2CAE8611FE50" box="[985,1109,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not only in the geographic distribution but also in body size. 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BD342C8D8016FE2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BD342C8D8016FE2C" box="[550,594,439,464]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="The" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">The</location>
study of additional specimens at 
<collectionCode id="9CFBAE64D2515060BCC92C828669FE2C" box="[987,1069,440,464]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Mus<75>e Royal de l<>Afrique Centrale" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">MRAC</collectionCode>
indicates that species of the 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BA902C8282ABFE08" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BA902C8282ABFE08" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex are exceedingly difficult to distinguish (in this context “ 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BCE12CE68634FE08" box="[1011,1136,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BCE12CE68634FE08" box="[1011,1136,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex“ is only intended to mean the very similar taxa 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BD732F3A8090FDEB" box="[609,724,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnosti">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BD732F3A8090FDEB" box="[609,724,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. arnosti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BDF72F3A8128FDE4" box="[741,876,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crampeli">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BDF72F3A8128FDE4" box="[741,876,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. crampeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BC6F2F3A8644FDEB" box="[893,1024,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impictus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BC6F2F3A8644FDEB" box="[893,1024,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. impictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BB032F3A86C9FDE4" box="[1041,1165,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BB032F3A86C9FDE4" box="[1041,1165,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BB8C2F3A877BFDE4" box="[1182,1343,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruvumanus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BB8C2F3A877BFDE4" box="[1182,1343,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. ruvumanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BA902F3A82B5FDC0" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BA902F3A82B5FDC0" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. uelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BE1B2F1E830DFDC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BE1B2F1E830DFDC0" box="[265,329,548,572]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="Some" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Some</location>
exoskeletal characters (e.g. overall size, size and shape of the pronotum, elytral color pattern) are too variable and can be only applied to certain geographically limited populations; in other species of the complex these characters tend to be constant and have been used in differential diagnoses and keys. 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BBF82F578755FD78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BBF82F578755FD78" box="[1258,1297,621,644]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="For" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">For</location>
instance in populations of the western savanna near the shore of the 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BC5C2FB581A4FD54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BC5C2FB581A4FD54" box="[846,992,655,680]" country="Guinea and Nigeria" county="In" municipality="It" name="Guinea Gulf" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Guinea Gulf</location>
(roughly in 
<collectingCountry id="82FD7631D2515060BB6E2FB58722FD54" box="[1148,1382,655,680]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Guinea and Nigeria</collectingCountry>
) the prevailing 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2515060BE022F8F8304FD31" box="[272,320,693,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">type</typeStatus>
of morphology of both sexes is the “ 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BDF52F8E817BFD30" box="[743,831,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BDF52F8E817BFD30" box="[743,831,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
- 
<materialsCitation id="4A823CFCD2515060BC542F8E83CCFA3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1437069666" collectionCode="MRAC" collectorName="Hackel &amp; Plate &amp; Figs &amp; Basilewsky" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" location="Variable" municipality="Plate" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" specimenCount="6" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="25518803D2515060BC542F8E81EBFD31" box="[838,943,692,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
”, i.e., specimens with a broad pronotum, as broader as the elytra, which show an elytral pattern with four weakly reduced maculae (
<collectorName id="571F5377D2515060BB602FED8687FD0C" box="[1138,1219,727,752]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Häckel</collectorName>
2016, plate 1, figs. 1–5, 7 and 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2515060BE0A2FC68314FCE9" box="[280,336,764,789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Plate</collectorName>
9: 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2515060BE652FC683E3FCE9" box="[375,423,764,789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Figs</collectorName>
62, 63 of this paper). 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2515060BDB52FC6816CFCE9" box="[679,808,764,789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Basilewsky</collectorName>
arranged his collection at 
<collectionCode id="9CFBAE64D2515060BB4A2FC686EFFCE8" box="[1112,1195,764,788]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Mus<75>e Royal de l<>Afrique Centrale" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">MRAC</collectionCode>
so that specimens of this complex collected in the region from Guinea to northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="82FD7631D2515060BC6B2E1A81B7FCC4" box="[889,1011,800,824]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
were labeled “ 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BB8F2E1A8729FCC4" authority="Fabr." authorityName="Fabr." box="[1181,1389,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BB8F2E1A8753FCC4" box="[1181,1303,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
(Fabr.)
</taxonomicName>
”, as far as they had a large pronotum, as wide as the elytra. Other specimens from this territory, often from the same localities and showing a smaller pronotum narrower than the elytra were labeled “ 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BB602E52870BFC7C" authority="Hope" authorityName="Hope" box="[1138,1359,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savagei">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BB602E5286A9FC83" box="[1138,1261,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. savagei</emphasis>
(Hope)
</taxonomicName>
”. This arrangement contradicts his own work (
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BD462EB68110FC58" author="Basilewsky" box="[596,852,908,933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1987) Descriptions de quelques especes africaines nouvelles du genre Craspedophorus Hope et notes synonymiques (Coleoptera Carabidae Panagaeini). Bulletin et Annales de La Societe Royale Belge d'entomologie, 123 (7 - 9), 185 - 201." type="journal article" year="1987">Basilewsky 1987: 200</bibRefCitation>
), because he synonymized 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BB972EB687D8FC58" authority="Hope, 1842" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1842" box="[1157,1436,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Panagaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raddoni">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BB972EB686BBFC58" box="[1157,1279,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. raddoni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BA1C2EB687D0FC58" author="Hope" box="[1294,1428,908,932]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Hope, F. W. (1842) On some new Insects from Western Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 10, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1842">Hope, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
whose 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2515060BFF72E958303FC34" box="[229,327,943,968]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male has a large pronotum with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BDA72E8A818EFC34" authority="Hope, 1842" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1842" box="[693,970,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savagei">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BDA72E8A8168FC3B" box="[693,812,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. savagei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BC282E8A8186FC34" author="Hope" box="[826,962,944,968]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Hope, F. W. (1842) On some new Insects from Western Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 10, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1842">Hope, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, whose 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2515060BB362E9586C2FC34" box="[1060,1158,943,968]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(female) has a markedly smaller pronotum (Häckel 2016, plate 1, figs. 5, 6). In the same work he also synonymized 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BBA02EEE876EFC10" box="[1202,1322,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximius">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BBA02EEE876EFC10" box="[1202,1322,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. eximius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LaFerté- 
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BF852EC2830EFBEC" author="Senectere" box="[151,330,1015,1040]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="La Ferte-Senectere, F. T. de (1851) Revision de la tribu des Patellimanes de Dejean, Coleopteres pentameres de la famille des Carabiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 2 (9), 209 - 294." type="journal article" year="1851">Sénectere, 1851</bibRefCitation>
) with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BE802EC2804EFBEC" box="[402,522,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BE802EC2804EFBEC" box="[402,522,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2515060BD772EC280E4FBEC" box="[613,672,1016,1040]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">types</typeStatus>
(both sexes) show a broad pronotum (viz Häckel 2016, plate 1, figs. 1, 2). As stated in my first contribution, where 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BDBE29268186FBC8" authority="Hope, 1842" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1842" box="[684,962,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savagei">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BDBE29268160FBC8" box="[684,804,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. savagei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BC21292681FDFBC8" author="Hope" box="[819,953,1052,1076]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Hope, F. W. (1842) On some new Insects from Western Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History including Zoology, Botany and Geology, 10, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1842">Hope, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BBC629268709FBC8" box="[1236,1357,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BBC629268709FBC8" box="[1236,1357,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BF85297A834BFBA4" box="[151,271,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BF85297A834BFBA4" box="[151,271,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex size and width of the pronotum are not reliable characters to identify specimens (Häckel 2016: 524), nor can they distinguish between sexes. After examination of the 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2515060BCD7295E8663FB81" box="[965,1063,1124,1149]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BB5D295E868FFB80" box="[1103,1227,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BB5D295E868FFB80" box="[1103,1227,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. uelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Plate 9, Fig. 70), the hereby discussed 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2515060BE9929BD83A9FB5C" box="[395,493,1159,1184]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BD0429B280D9FB5C" box="[534,669,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crampeli">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BD0429B280D9FB5C" box="[534,669,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. crampeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BDBF29BD8743FB5C" box="[685,1287,1159,1184]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Alluaud, C. (1915) Contributions a l'etude des carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar. (Col. Carabiade). V. Les grands Panageides du bassin du Chari. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1915, 152 - 156." type="journal article">
<collectingCounty id="13344E2DD2515060BDBF29BD8148FB5C" box="[685,780,1159,1184]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Alluaud</collectingCounty>
, 1915, (
<figureCitation id="62D12A24D2515060BC7B29BD81F9FB5C" box="[873,957,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[340,1238,1004,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[340,1247,994,1674]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 61. C. reflexus crampeli (Alluaud, 1915), HT (male): a. dorsal habitus; b. antennomere 4, cross section (detail); c. left antenna, antennomeres 5 – 11 (dorsal view, detail); d. antennomere 3, cross section (detail); e. microsculpture of elytral humerus, dorsal view; f. ventrites, ventral view; g. ventrites (detail); h. labels; i. left metepisternum, oblique ventral view; j. left metepisternum outlined in yellow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321723/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="1A31ACDBD2515060BCD929BD8647FB5C" box="[971,1027,1159,1184]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Plate</collectingMunicipality>
9, Fig. 65 left, centre)
</bibRefCitation>
and of other specimens of this group in the 
<collectionCode id="9CFBAE64D2515060BEE729968003FB38" box="[501,583,1196,1220]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Mus<75>e Royal de l<>Afrique Centrale" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">MRAC</collectionCode>
collection, I propose the following solution: 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BB5B299686E2FB39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BB5B299686E2FB39" box="[1097,1190,1196,1221]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" municipality="Plate" name="Variable" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Variable</location>
populations of the 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BA90299682ABFB14" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BA90299682ABFB14" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group inhabiting the northwest coast of 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BDAF29F5812CFB14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BDAF29F5812CFB14" box="[701,872,1231,1256]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" municipality="Plate" name="Gulf of Guinea" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Gulf of Guinea</location>
from 
<collectingCountry id="82FD7631D2515060BCBD29F58644FB14" box="[943,1024,1231,1256]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Guinea</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="82FD7631D2515060BB3529F5863FFB14" box="[1063,1147,1231,1256]" name="Nigeria" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
which apart from similar aedeagus (
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BE1E29CE8302FAF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BE1E29CE8302FAF1" box="[268,326,1268,1293]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" municipality="Plate" name="Plate" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Plate</location>
11, Fig. 76) share also some exoskeletal characters, should be left in the nominotypical 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BA3129CE82ABFACC" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" subSpecies="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BA3129CE82ABFACC" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BE12282D8329FACC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BE12282D8329FACC" box="[256,365,1303,1328]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" municipality="Plate" name="Fabricius" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Fabricius</location>
, 1781 see also map in 
<figureCitation id="62D12A24D2515060BD68282D8094FACC" box="[634,720,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="30.[151,250,956,978]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,254,933]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,254,934]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 81. Distribution of the Craspedophorus reflexus complex (C. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781), C. impictus (Boheman, 1848 and C. ruvumanus Häckel, 2016) in Afrotropical Region. A) 1 – 2 C. reflexus megamacula Häckel, 2016: 1) “ Sénégambie ” (holotype); 2) Burkina Faso: Bobo Dioulasso; B) 3 – 11 C. r. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781): 3) Guinea-Bissau (holotype of C. eximius Laferté-Sénectere, 1851); 4) Guinea: Kindia; Guinea / Ivory Coast: Mt. Nimba; 6) Sierra Leone: Mabang; 7) Ivory Coast: Touba; 8) Comoe NP; 9) Ghana: Kumasi; 10) Nigeria, Oyo: Ibadan. 11) Cameroon, Northwest: Bamenda. C) 12 – 14 C. reflexus rugatus n. ssp.: 12) Cameroon, West: Bafoussam to Foundam; 13) Centre: Mbalmay; 14) Extreme North: Maroua to Yagoua. D) 15 – 18 C. reflexus crampeli (Alluaud, 1915): 15) Cameroon, Centre: Joko; 16) Central Africa, Nana-Mambéré: Bouar (holotype of C. arnosti Häckel, 2016); 17) Kémo: Sibut; 18) Nana-Grébizi: “ Fort Crampel ” (= Kaga Bandoro, holotype). E) 19 – 21 C. reflexus uelensis Burgeon, 1930: 19) DR Congo, Orientale: Haut-Uele (holotype); 20) South Sudan, Equatorial: Lolibai Mts (lectotype of C. bozasi Alluaud, 1930); 21) Ethiopia, Gambela: Gambela. F) 22 – 41 C. impictus (Boheman, 1848): 22) DR Congo, Orientale: Kibali-Ituri; 23) Nord Kivu / Uganda: Ruwenzori Mts. (holotype of C. ethmoides Alluaud, 1930); 24) Sud-Kivu: Kadjudju; 25) Kasai-Occidental: Tschuapa-Lulua; 26) Katanga; 27) Angola, Lunda Norte: Dundo; 28) Bié: Quarenta; 29) Tanzania, Mwanza: Musutunguru Island; 30) Rukwa: Sumbawanga; 31) Malawi: Nkhotakota; 32) Zambia, Northwest: Ikelenge; 33) Solwezi; 34) Central: Mukuku; 35) Kafue National Park; 36) Southern: Mazabuka; 37) Zimbabwe, Matabeleland North: Bulawayo; 38) South Africa, Mpumalanga: Graskop; 39) KwaZulu-Natal: Pongola; 40) “ Port Natal [= Durban] env. ”; 41) Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (habitat of “ C. alloderus ” Chaudoir in litt.). G) 42 – 45 C. ruvumanus Häckel 2016: 42) Tanzania, Tanga: Amani; 43) Singida: Kilimatinde; 44) Iringa: “ Manow ”; 45) Ruvuma: Songea (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321727/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
: 3–11). 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BC3D282D8136FACC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BC3D282D8136FACC" box="[815,882,1303,1328]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" municipality="Plate" name="These" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">These</location>
populations share fine punctation of striae with punctures not reaching the middle of intervals, which are micropunctate but glossy. 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BB7A280686D0FAA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BB7A280686D0FAA9" box="[1128,1172,1340,1365]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" municipality="Plate" name="The" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">The</location>
prevailing character is elytral pattern with two maculae, humeral and apical, which are antero-posteriorly reduced and form short transverse fasciae (
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BE6328BE8386FA61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BE6328BE8386FA61" box="[369,450,1412,1437]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" municipality="Plate" name="Hackel" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Häckel</location>
2016, plate 1, figs 1–7 and here 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BC5B28BE81C5FA61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BC5B28BE81C5FA61" box="[841,897,1412,1437]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" municipality="Plate" name="Plate" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Plate</location>
9, 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BCB828BE819EFA61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BCB828BE819EFA61" box="[938,986,1412,1437]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" municipality="Plate" name="Figs" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Figs</location>
62, 63). 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BB5A28BF861BFA60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BB5A28BF861BFA60" box="[1096,1119,1413,1436]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="Alluaud" municipality="Plate" name="In" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">In</location>
some specimens the apical fascia may be absent
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="4A823CFCD2515060BE8628928767F8F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1437069671" country="Burkina Faso" location="central Cameroon" municipality="western Cameroon" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="To" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2515060BE86289283F5FA43" box="[404,433,1448,1471]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">To</collectingRegion>
the north and east (“Senegambia“, 
<collectingCountry id="82FD7631D2515060BC5A289D81A6FA3C" box="[840,994,1447,1472]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
) populations maintain the same elytral sculpture but the maculae are much bigger, not antero-posteriorly reduced and roughly circular or quadrate, as in 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BA9028F68066F9F4" authority="Hackel, 2016" authorityName="Hackel" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" subSpecies="megamacula">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BA9028F683C1F9F4" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus megamacula</emphasis>
Häckel, 2016
</taxonomicName>
(Häckel 2016, plate 1, fig. 8 and here Plate 9, Fig. 64, see also map in 
<figureCitation id="62D12A24D2515060BA5628D587DCF9F4" box="[1348,1432,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="30.[151,250,956,978]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,254,933]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,254,934]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 81. Distribution of the Craspedophorus reflexus complex (C. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781), C. impictus (Boheman, 1848 and C. ruvumanus Häckel, 2016) in Afrotropical Region. A) 1 – 2 C. reflexus megamacula Häckel, 2016: 1) “ Sénégambie ” (holotype); 2) Burkina Faso: Bobo Dioulasso; B) 3 – 11 C. r. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781): 3) Guinea-Bissau (holotype of C. eximius Laferté-Sénectere, 1851); 4) Guinea: Kindia; Guinea / Ivory Coast: Mt. Nimba; 6) Sierra Leone: Mabang; 7) Ivory Coast: Touba; 8) Comoe NP; 9) Ghana: Kumasi; 10) Nigeria, Oyo: Ibadan. 11) Cameroon, Northwest: Bamenda. C) 12 – 14 C. reflexus rugatus n. ssp.: 12) Cameroon, West: Bafoussam to Foundam; 13) Centre: Mbalmay; 14) Extreme North: Maroua to Yagoua. D) 15 – 18 C. reflexus crampeli (Alluaud, 1915): 15) Cameroon, Centre: Joko; 16) Central Africa, Nana-Mambéré: Bouar (holotype of C. arnosti Häckel, 2016); 17) Kémo: Sibut; 18) Nana-Grébizi: “ Fort Crampel ” (= Kaga Bandoro, holotype). E) 19 – 21 C. reflexus uelensis Burgeon, 1930: 19) DR Congo, Orientale: Haut-Uele (holotype); 20) South Sudan, Equatorial: Lolibai Mts (lectotype of C. bozasi Alluaud, 1930); 21) Ethiopia, Gambela: Gambela. F) 22 – 41 C. impictus (Boheman, 1848): 22) DR Congo, Orientale: Kibali-Ituri; 23) Nord Kivu / Uganda: Ruwenzori Mts. (holotype of C. ethmoides Alluaud, 1930); 24) Sud-Kivu: Kadjudju; 25) Kasai-Occidental: Tschuapa-Lulua; 26) Katanga; 27) Angola, Lunda Norte: Dundo; 28) Bié: Quarenta; 29) Tanzania, Mwanza: Musutunguru Island; 30) Rukwa: Sumbawanga; 31) Malawi: Nkhotakota; 32) Zambia, Northwest: Ikelenge; 33) Solwezi; 34) Central: Mukuku; 35) Kafue National Park; 36) Southern: Mazabuka; 37) Zimbabwe, Matabeleland North: Bulawayo; 38) South Africa, Mpumalanga: Graskop; 39) KwaZulu-Natal: Pongola; 40) “ Port Natal [= Durban] env. ”; 41) Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (habitat of “ C. alloderus ” Chaudoir in litt.). G) 42 – 45 C. ruvumanus Häckel 2016: 42) Tanzania, Tanga: Amani; 43) Singida: Kilimatinde; 44) Iringa: “ Manow ”; 45) Ruvuma: Songea (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321727/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
: 1–2). Specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="82FD7631D2515060BE892B2E83ABF9D1" box="[411,495,1556,1581]" name="Nigeria" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
and adjacent 
<collectingMunicipality id="1A31ACDBD2515060BD9D2B2F8120F9D0" box="[655,868,1556,1580]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">western Cameroon</collectingMunicipality>
(Bamenda) have characters intermediate between the two subspecies. Populations in western (Bafoussam), northern (Yagoua) and in part also 
<location id="FF35607AD2515060BBC22B0D87D9F9AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2515060BBC22B0D87D9F9AC" box="[1232,1437,1591,1616]" country="Burkina Faso" municipality="western Cameroon" name="central Cameroon" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" stateProvince="To">central Cameroon</location>
(Mbalmayo) include somewhat smaller individuals with relatively smaller pronotum and highly variable elytral coloration, ranging from only slightly reduced macular fasciae (as in most specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BB8F2BBA8775F964" box="[1181,1329,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" subSpecies="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BB8F2BBA8775F964" box="[1181,1329,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. r. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) through much reduced or absent apical fascia (as in most specimens of another subspecies), to completely black specimens (Fig: 91: 12–14). I do not consider such variability in a population exceptional, it is well documented for the closely related panagaeine 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BEC72BD68767F8F9" authority="Hackel and Azadbakhsh" authorityName="Hackel and Azadbakhsh" authorityYear="2016" box="[469,1315,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Microcosmodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BEC72BD680ABF8F8" box="[469,751,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Microcosmodes persicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2515060BDEE2BD68767F8F9" author="Hackel" box="[764,1315,1772,1797]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" refString="Hackel, M. &amp; Azadbakhsh, S. (2016) Two new species of Microcosmodes Strand (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Panagaenini) from Oman and Iran. Zootaxa, 4137 (4), 553 - 560." type="journal article" year="2016">Häckel and Azadbakhsh (2016: 558, figs 6–9)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="4A823CFCD2515061BA202BD68182FE51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1437069676" collectorName="DR Congo" country="Burkina Faso" county="eastern Cameroon" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="240" location="Plate" municipality="Central African Republic" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2515060BA202BD68702F8F8" box="[1330,1350,1772,1796]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">A</collectingRegion>
shared character of the above noted Cameroonian populations is coarser sculpture with striae punctures reaching the middle of intervals (Plate 9, Fig. 67 centre), in some specimens to the extent of interrupting and obliterating them (Plate 9, Fig. 67 right and left, Fig. 68). Such coarse sculpture justifies the description of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BB822A62872CF88C" box="[1168,1384,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="rugatus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BB822A62872CF88C" box="[1168,1384,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. reflexus rugatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BA7D2A6D828CF869" bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D3AD57C8D2515060BA7D2A6D828CF869" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
In central and 
<collectingCounty id="13344E2DD2515060BE992A478019F868" box="[395,605,1916,1940]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">eastern Cameroon</collectingCounty>
and 
<collectingMunicipality id="1A31ACDBD2515060BDB22A46818DF869" box="[672,969,1916,1941]" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">Central African Republic</collectingMunicipality>
there are populations of mostly larger specimens, that show elytral sculpture similar to 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2515060BDD22A9B8114F844" box="[704,848,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" subSpecies="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2515060BDD22A9B8114F844" box="[704,848,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="239">C. r. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the apical fascia is usually either strongly reduced or absent (it is fully developed in rare specimens) (Plate 9, Figs 65 right, 66). Specimens of these populations showing high variability were described as separate species and should be synonymized, as it happens with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BFDD2D86804FFF29" authority="Alluaud, 1915" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1915" box="[207,523,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crampeli">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BFDD2D868316FF28" box="[207,338,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. crampeli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BE732D868047FF29" author="Alluaud" box="[353,515,188,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1915) Contributions a l'etude des carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar. (Col. Carabiade). V. Les grands Panageides du bassin du Chari. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1915, 152 - 156." type="journal article" year="1915">Alluaud, 1915</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="62D12A24D2505061BD082D868028FF29" box="[538,620,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[340,1238,1004,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[340,1247,994,1674]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 61. C. reflexus crampeli (Alluaud, 1915), HT (male): a. dorsal habitus; b. antennomere 4, cross section (detail); c. left antenna, antennomeres 5 – 11 (dorsal view, detail); d. antennomere 3, cross section (detail); e. microsculpture of elytral humerus, dorsal view; f. ventrites, ventral view; g. ventrites (detail); h. labels; i. left metepisternum, oblique ventral view; j. left metepisternum outlined in yellow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321723/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
, Plate 9, Fig. 65 left). Assignment of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BB1F2D8686D4FF28" box="[1037,1168,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crampeli">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BB1F2D8686D4FF28" box="[1037,1168,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. crampeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BBCE2D868710FF28" box="[1244,1364,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BBCE2D868710FF28" box="[1244,1364,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group was already discussed in the paragraph devoted to the 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BC162DDA8137FF04" box="[772,883,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BC162DDA8137FF04" box="[772,883,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. regalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Similarly, the most recently described 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BA902DDA83C1FEE1" authority="Hackel, 2016" authorityName="Hackel" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnosti">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BA902DDA82A2FEE0" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. arnosti</emphasis>
Häckel, 2016
</taxonomicName>
is conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD7A2C3E80AAFEE0" box="[616,750,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crampeli">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD7A2C3E80AAFEE0" box="[616,750,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. crampeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and must be synonymized. The 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2505061BB742C3E8697FEE1" box="[1126,1235,260,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
of these two taxa differ only in the presence of the apical macula in 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BDD92C128114FEBC" box="[715,848,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crampeli">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BDD92C128114FEBC" box="[715,848,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. crampeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its absence in 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BB362C1286D0FEC3" box="[1060,1172,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arnosti">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BB362C1286D0FEC3" box="[1060,1172,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. arnosti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BBB62C1D869AFEBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BBB62C1D869AFEBC" box="[1188,1246,295,320]" country="Burkina Faso" county="eastern Cameroon" municipality="Central African Republic" name="Plate" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="A">Plate</location>
9, Fig. 65 centre and right). 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BE002C7683B6FE99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BE002C7683B6FE99" box="[274,498,332,357]" country="Burkina Faso" county="eastern Cameroon" municipality="Central African Republic" name="The Central African" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="A">
The 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BE562C7683B6FE99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BE562C7683B6FE99" box="[324,498,332,357]" country="Burkina Faso" county="eastern Cameroon" municipality="Central African Republic" name="Central African" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="A">Central African</location>
</location>
populations of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BDB22C76815DFE98" box="[672,793,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BDB22C76815DFE98" box="[672,793,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thus must named as 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BB132C7687D8FE99" authority="Alluaud, 1915" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1915" box="[1025,1436,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" subSpecies="crampeli">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BB132C7686A6FE98" box="[1025,1250,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. reflexus crampeli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BBE32C7687D0FE99" author="Alluaud" box="[1265,1428,332,357]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1915) Contributions a l'etude des carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar. (Col. Carabiade). V. Les grands Panageides du bassin du Chari. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1915, 152 - 156." type="journal article" year="1915">Alluaud, 1915</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see also map in 
<figureCitation id="62D12A24D2505061BE432C5583E7FE74" box="[337,419,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="30.[151,250,956,978]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,254,933]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,254,934]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 81. Distribution of the Craspedophorus reflexus complex (C. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781), C. impictus (Boheman, 1848 and C. ruvumanus Häckel, 2016) in Afrotropical Region. A) 1 – 2 C. reflexus megamacula Häckel, 2016: 1) “ Sénégambie ” (holotype); 2) Burkina Faso: Bobo Dioulasso; B) 3 – 11 C. r. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781): 3) Guinea-Bissau (holotype of C. eximius Laferté-Sénectere, 1851); 4) Guinea: Kindia; Guinea / Ivory Coast: Mt. Nimba; 6) Sierra Leone: Mabang; 7) Ivory Coast: Touba; 8) Comoe NP; 9) Ghana: Kumasi; 10) Nigeria, Oyo: Ibadan. 11) Cameroon, Northwest: Bamenda. C) 12 – 14 C. reflexus rugatus n. ssp.: 12) Cameroon, West: Bafoussam to Foundam; 13) Centre: Mbalmay; 14) Extreme North: Maroua to Yagoua. D) 15 – 18 C. reflexus crampeli (Alluaud, 1915): 15) Cameroon, Centre: Joko; 16) Central Africa, Nana-Mambéré: Bouar (holotype of C. arnosti Häckel, 2016); 17) Kémo: Sibut; 18) Nana-Grébizi: “ Fort Crampel ” (= Kaga Bandoro, holotype). E) 19 – 21 C. reflexus uelensis Burgeon, 1930: 19) DR Congo, Orientale: Haut-Uele (holotype); 20) South Sudan, Equatorial: Lolibai Mts (lectotype of C. bozasi Alluaud, 1930); 21) Ethiopia, Gambela: Gambela. F) 22 – 41 C. impictus (Boheman, 1848): 22) DR Congo, Orientale: Kibali-Ituri; 23) Nord Kivu / Uganda: Ruwenzori Mts. (holotype of C. ethmoides Alluaud, 1930); 24) Sud-Kivu: Kadjudju; 25) Kasai-Occidental: Tschuapa-Lulua; 26) Katanga; 27) Angola, Lunda Norte: Dundo; 28) Bié: Quarenta; 29) Tanzania, Mwanza: Musutunguru Island; 30) Rukwa: Sumbawanga; 31) Malawi: Nkhotakota; 32) Zambia, Northwest: Ikelenge; 33) Solwezi; 34) Central: Mukuku; 35) Kafue National Park; 36) Southern: Mazabuka; 37) Zimbabwe, Matabeleland North: Bulawayo; 38) South Africa, Mpumalanga: Graskop; 39) KwaZulu-Natal: Pongola; 40) “ Port Natal [= Durban] env. ”; 41) Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (habitat of “ C. alloderus ” Chaudoir in litt.). G) 42 – 45 C. ruvumanus Häckel 2016: 42) Tanzania, Tanga: Amani; 43) Singida: Kilimatinde; 44) Iringa: “ Manow ”; 45) Ruvuma: Songea (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321727/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
: 15–18). 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BD182C558072FE74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BD182C558072FE74" box="[522,566,367,392]" country="Burkina Faso" county="eastern Cameroon" municipality="Central African Republic" name="The" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="A">The</location>
last subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BC172C4A8139FE74" box="[773,893,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BC172C4A8139FE74" box="[773,893,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is that inhabiting the vicinity of the 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BA1D2C4A8281FE51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BA1D2C4A8281FE51" country="Burkina Faso" county="eastern Cameroon" municipality="Central African Republic" name="East African Rift" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="A">East African Rift</location>
, i.e. east part of the 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BEBD2CAE80C0FE51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BEBD2CAE80C0FE51" box="[431,644,404,429]" country="Burkina Faso" county="eastern Cameroon" municipality="Central African Republic" name="Orientale Province" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="A">Orientale Province</location>
in 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2505061BDB92CAF8161FE50" box="[683,805,404,428]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">DR Congo</collectorName>
(
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BC272CAE81FAFE51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BC272CAE81FAFE51" box="[821,958,404,429]" country="Burkina Faso" county="eastern Cameroon" municipality="Central African Republic" name="Upper Uele" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="A">Upper Uele</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="4A823CFCD2505061BCC12CAE876CFDEB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1437069682" country="Burkina Faso" location="southwestern Ethiopia" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2505061BCC12CAE8651FE51" box="[979,1045,404,429]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">South</collectingRegion>
Sudan (Lolibai) and 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BA1A2CAE82B2FE2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BA1A2CAE82B2FE2C" country="Burkina Faso" name="southwestern Ethiopia" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="South">southwestern Ethiopia</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2505061BE152C8D8335FE2C" box="[263,369,439,464]" country="Ethiopia" name="Gambela Hizboch" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Gambela</collectingRegion>
, see map in 
<figureCitation id="62D12A24D2505061BD142C8D8018FE2C" box="[518,604,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="30.[151,250,956,978]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,254,933]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,254,934]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 81. Distribution of the Craspedophorus reflexus complex (C. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781), C. impictus (Boheman, 1848 and C. ruvumanus Häckel, 2016) in Afrotropical Region. A) 1 – 2 C. reflexus megamacula Häckel, 2016: 1) “ Sénégambie ” (holotype); 2) Burkina Faso: Bobo Dioulasso; B) 3 – 11 C. r. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781): 3) Guinea-Bissau (holotype of C. eximius Laferté-Sénectere, 1851); 4) Guinea: Kindia; Guinea / Ivory Coast: Mt. Nimba; 6) Sierra Leone: Mabang; 7) Ivory Coast: Touba; 8) Comoe NP; 9) Ghana: Kumasi; 10) Nigeria, Oyo: Ibadan. 11) Cameroon, Northwest: Bamenda. C) 12 – 14 C. reflexus rugatus n. ssp.: 12) Cameroon, West: Bafoussam to Foundam; 13) Centre: Mbalmay; 14) Extreme North: Maroua to Yagoua. D) 15 – 18 C. reflexus crampeli (Alluaud, 1915): 15) Cameroon, Centre: Joko; 16) Central Africa, Nana-Mambéré: Bouar (holotype of C. arnosti Häckel, 2016); 17) Kémo: Sibut; 18) Nana-Grébizi: “ Fort Crampel ” (= Kaga Bandoro, holotype). E) 19 – 21 C. reflexus uelensis Burgeon, 1930: 19) DR Congo, Orientale: Haut-Uele (holotype); 20) South Sudan, Equatorial: Lolibai Mts (lectotype of C. bozasi Alluaud, 1930); 21) Ethiopia, Gambela: Gambela. F) 22 – 41 C. impictus (Boheman, 1848): 22) DR Congo, Orientale: Kibali-Ituri; 23) Nord Kivu / Uganda: Ruwenzori Mts. (holotype of C. ethmoides Alluaud, 1930); 24) Sud-Kivu: Kadjudju; 25) Kasai-Occidental: Tschuapa-Lulua; 26) Katanga; 27) Angola, Lunda Norte: Dundo; 28) Bié: Quarenta; 29) Tanzania, Mwanza: Musutunguru Island; 30) Rukwa: Sumbawanga; 31) Malawi: Nkhotakota; 32) Zambia, Northwest: Ikelenge; 33) Solwezi; 34) Central: Mukuku; 35) Kafue National Park; 36) Southern: Mazabuka; 37) Zimbabwe, Matabeleland North: Bulawayo; 38) South Africa, Mpumalanga: Graskop; 39) KwaZulu-Natal: Pongola; 40) “ Port Natal [= Durban] env. ”; 41) Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (habitat of “ C. alloderus ” Chaudoir in litt.). G) 42 – 45 C. ruvumanus Häckel 2016: 42) Tanzania, Tanga: Amani; 43) Singida: Kilimatinde; 44) Iringa: “ Manow ”; 45) Ruvuma: Songea (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321727/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
: 19–21). In the eastern populations the size of the pronotum varies (the smaller 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2505061BFE52CE78363FE09" box="[247,295,477,501]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">type</typeStatus>
prevails), elytral sculpture is coarser in the west and gradually becomes finer eastward, most specimens are smaller than most 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD142F3A80ADFDE4" box="[518,745,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" subSpecies="crampeli">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD142F3A80ADFDE4" box="[518,745,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. reflexus crampeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the west, and all four elytral maculae are present
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="4A823CFCD2505061BA202F3A814DFB5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1437069688" collectingDate="1930-07" collectingDateMax="2015-09" collectingDateMin="1930-07" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Fig. &amp; Similarly" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" location="Basilewsky" municipality="They" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Not" typeStatus="syntype">
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2505061BA202F3A8718FDEB" box="[1330,1372,512,535]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Not</collectingRegion>
all of these characters are expressed in all specimens, nevertheless they can be distinguished from the homogeneousappearing populations of the closest 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD262F7281C6FD9C" authority="Boheman, 1848" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1848" box="[564,898,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impictus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD262F7280F0FDA3" box="[564,692,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. impictus</emphasis>
(Boheman, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
, that inhabit the southern vicinity of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BA312F7287D8FD9C" box="[1315,1436,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BA312F7287D8FD9C" box="[1315,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see map in 
<figureCitation id="62D12A24D2505061BE212F5683C8FD78" box="[307,396,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="30.[151,250,956,978]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,254,933]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,254,934]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 81. Distribution of the Craspedophorus reflexus complex (C. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781), C. impictus (Boheman, 1848 and C. ruvumanus Häckel, 2016) in Afrotropical Region. A) 1 – 2 C. reflexus megamacula Häckel, 2016: 1) “ Sénégambie ” (holotype); 2) Burkina Faso: Bobo Dioulasso; B) 3 – 11 C. r. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781): 3) Guinea-Bissau (holotype of C. eximius Laferté-Sénectere, 1851); 4) Guinea: Kindia; Guinea / Ivory Coast: Mt. Nimba; 6) Sierra Leone: Mabang; 7) Ivory Coast: Touba; 8) Comoe NP; 9) Ghana: Kumasi; 10) Nigeria, Oyo: Ibadan. 11) Cameroon, Northwest: Bamenda. C) 12 – 14 C. reflexus rugatus n. ssp.: 12) Cameroon, West: Bafoussam to Foundam; 13) Centre: Mbalmay; 14) Extreme North: Maroua to Yagoua. D) 15 – 18 C. reflexus crampeli (Alluaud, 1915): 15) Cameroon, Centre: Joko; 16) Central Africa, Nana-Mambéré: Bouar (holotype of C. arnosti Häckel, 2016); 17) Kémo: Sibut; 18) Nana-Grébizi: “ Fort Crampel ” (= Kaga Bandoro, holotype). E) 19 – 21 C. reflexus uelensis Burgeon, 1930: 19) DR Congo, Orientale: Haut-Uele (holotype); 20) South Sudan, Equatorial: Lolibai Mts (lectotype of C. bozasi Alluaud, 1930); 21) Ethiopia, Gambela: Gambela. F) 22 – 41 C. impictus (Boheman, 1848): 22) DR Congo, Orientale: Kibali-Ituri; 23) Nord Kivu / Uganda: Ruwenzori Mts. (holotype of C. ethmoides Alluaud, 1930); 24) Sud-Kivu: Kadjudju; 25) Kasai-Occidental: Tschuapa-Lulua; 26) Katanga; 27) Angola, Lunda Norte: Dundo; 28) Bié: Quarenta; 29) Tanzania, Mwanza: Musutunguru Island; 30) Rukwa: Sumbawanga; 31) Malawi: Nkhotakota; 32) Zambia, Northwest: Ikelenge; 33) Solwezi; 34) Central: Mukuku; 35) Kafue National Park; 36) Southern: Mazabuka; 37) Zimbabwe, Matabeleland North: Bulawayo; 38) South Africa, Mpumalanga: Graskop; 39) KwaZulu-Natal: Pongola; 40) “ Port Natal [= Durban] env. ”; 41) Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (habitat of “ C. alloderus ” Chaudoir in litt.). G) 42 – 45 C. ruvumanus Häckel 2016: 42) Tanzania, Tanga: Amani; 43) Singida: Kilimatinde; 44) Iringa: “ Manow ”; 45) Ruvuma: Songea (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321727/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<collectorName id="571F5377D2505061BE212F568324FD79" box="[307,352,620,645]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig.</collectorName>
81
</figureCitation>
: 22–41) and 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD232F56813AFD79" authority="Hackel, 2016" authorityName="Hackel" authorityYear="2016" box="[561,894,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruvumanus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD232F568091FD78" box="[561,725,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. ruvumanus</emphasis>
Häckel, 2016
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="62D12A24D2505061BC862F5681ABFD78" box="[916,1007,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="30.[151,250,956,978]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,254,933]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[340,1247,254,934]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 81. Distribution of the Craspedophorus reflexus complex (C. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781), C. impictus (Boheman, 1848 and C. ruvumanus Häckel, 2016) in Afrotropical Region. A) 1 – 2 C. reflexus megamacula Häckel, 2016: 1) “ Sénégambie ” (holotype); 2) Burkina Faso: Bobo Dioulasso; B) 3 – 11 C. r. reflexus (Fabricius, 1781): 3) Guinea-Bissau (holotype of C. eximius Laferté-Sénectere, 1851); 4) Guinea: Kindia; Guinea / Ivory Coast: Mt. Nimba; 6) Sierra Leone: Mabang; 7) Ivory Coast: Touba; 8) Comoe NP; 9) Ghana: Kumasi; 10) Nigeria, Oyo: Ibadan. 11) Cameroon, Northwest: Bamenda. C) 12 – 14 C. reflexus rugatus n. ssp.: 12) Cameroon, West: Bafoussam to Foundam; 13) Centre: Mbalmay; 14) Extreme North: Maroua to Yagoua. D) 15 – 18 C. reflexus crampeli (Alluaud, 1915): 15) Cameroon, Centre: Joko; 16) Central Africa, Nana-Mambéré: Bouar (holotype of C. arnosti Häckel, 2016); 17) Kémo: Sibut; 18) Nana-Grébizi: “ Fort Crampel ” (= Kaga Bandoro, holotype). E) 19 – 21 C. reflexus uelensis Burgeon, 1930: 19) DR Congo, Orientale: Haut-Uele (holotype); 20) South Sudan, Equatorial: Lolibai Mts (lectotype of C. bozasi Alluaud, 1930); 21) Ethiopia, Gambela: Gambela. F) 22 – 41 C. impictus (Boheman, 1848): 22) DR Congo, Orientale: Kibali-Ituri; 23) Nord Kivu / Uganda: Ruwenzori Mts. (holotype of C. ethmoides Alluaud, 1930); 24) Sud-Kivu: Kadjudju; 25) Kasai-Occidental: Tschuapa-Lulua; 26) Katanga; 27) Angola, Lunda Norte: Dundo; 28) Bié: Quarenta; 29) Tanzania, Mwanza: Musutunguru Island; 30) Rukwa: Sumbawanga; 31) Malawi: Nkhotakota; 32) Zambia, Northwest: Ikelenge; 33) Solwezi; 34) Central: Mukuku; 35) Kafue National Park; 36) Southern: Mazabuka; 37) Zimbabwe, Matabeleland North: Bulawayo; 38) South Africa, Mpumalanga: Graskop; 39) KwaZulu-Natal: Pongola; 40) “ Port Natal [= Durban] env. ”; 41) Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (habitat of “ C. alloderus ” Chaudoir in litt.). G) 42 – 45 C. ruvumanus Häckel 2016: 42) Tanzania, Tanga: Amani; 43) Singida: Kilimatinde; 44) Iringa: “ Manow ”; 45) Ruvuma: Songea (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321727/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<collectorName id="571F5377D2505061BC862F568186FD79" box="[916,962,620,645]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig.</collectorName>
81
</figureCitation>
: 42–45). 
<collectorName id="571F5377D2505061BB772F568689FD79" box="[1125,1229,620,645]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Similarly</collectorName>
to the preceding subspecies, some specimens of the eastern populations have been described as separate species. 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BBDE2FAA828BFD30" authority="Alluaud, 1930" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bozasi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BBDE2FAA8777FD54" box="[1228,1331,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. bozasi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BA282FB5828BFD30" author="Alluaud" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1930) Note sur les Panageides dAfrique tropicale. Afra, Cahiers d'Entomologie, 1, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1930">Alluaud, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was based on three specimens from 
<collectingCounty id="13344E2DD2505061BD752F8E8169FD31" box="[615,813,692,717]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">southern Ethiopia</collectingCounty>
but I have not found any of them at 
<collectionCode id="9CFBAE64D2505061BBD02F8F875FFD30" box="[1218,1307,693,716]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">MNHN</collectionCode>
. 
<collectingMunicipality id="1A31ACDBD2505061BA342F8E871BFD31" box="[1318,1375,692,717]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">They</collectingMunicipality>
were most likely gone already in 1987, when 
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BD4F2FED812EFD0C" author="Basilewsky" box="[605,874,727,752]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1987) Descriptions de quelques especes africaines nouvelles du genre Craspedophorus Hope et notes synonymiques (Coleoptera Carabidae Panagaeini). Bulletin et Annales de La Societe Royale Belge d'entomologie, 123 (7 - 9), 185 - 201." type="journal article" year="1987">
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BD4F2FED809AFD0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BD4F2FED809AFD0C" box="[605,734,727,752]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Basilewsky" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Basilewsky</location>
(1987: 200)
</bibRefCitation>
searched the 
<collectionCode id="9CFBAE64D2505061BB172FE2861EFD13" box="[1029,1114,728,751]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">MNHN</collectionCode>
collection. 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BBCD2FED874FFD0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BBCD2FED874FFD0C" box="[1247,1291,727,752]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="The" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">The</location>
fate of these 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2505061BF852FC782BDFCE9" box="[151,249,765,789]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
is unknown to me, and I therefore have not designated a 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2505061BC982FC781A2FCE9" box="[906,998,765,789]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
. 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BCE02FC7861EFCE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BCE02FC7861EFCE8" box="[1010,1114,765,788]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="However" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">However</location>
, on the basis of the drawing and description (
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BE402E258017FCC4" author="Alluaud" box="[338,595,799,824]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1930) Note sur les Panageides dAfrique tropicale. Afra, Cahiers d'Entomologie, 1, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1930">
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BE402E2583EAFCC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BE402E2583EAFCC4" box="[338,430,799,824]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Alluaud" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Alluaud</location>
1930: 6, fig. 3
</bibRefCitation>
) reproduced in my work (2016: 517), I identified a male recently collected in 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BFA62E7E8326FCA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BFA62E7E8326FCA1" box="[180,354,836,861]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="southern Sudan" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">southern Sudan</location>
as 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BE9A2E7E83B5FCA0" box="[392,497,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bozasi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BE9A2E7E83B5FCA0" box="[392,497,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. bozasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BEED2E7E8014FCA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BEED2E7E8014FCA1" box="[511,592,836,861]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Hackel" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Häckel</location>
2016: 517, fig. 19, here 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BC742E7E81DAFCA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BC742E7E81DAFCA1" box="[870,926,836,861]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Plate" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Plate</location>
9, Fig. 69 left) and two males from 
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2505061BA252E7E87D8FCA1" box="[1335,1436,836,861]" country="Ethiopia" name="Gambela Hizboch" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Gambela</collectingRegion>
State, 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BFCC2E5283D9FC7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BFCC2E5283D9FC7C" box="[222,413,871,896]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="western Ethiopia" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">western Ethiopia</location>
(
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BEBF2E5D83A3FC7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BEBF2E5D83A3FC7C" box="[429,487,871,896]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Plate" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Plate</location>
9, Fig. 69 right). 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BDA42E5D8118FC7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BDA42E5D8118FC7C" box="[694,860,871,896]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="When Alluaud" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">
When 
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BC102E5D8118FC7C" author="Alluaud" box="[770,860,871,896]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1930) Note sur les Panageides dAfrique tropicale. Afra, Cahiers d'Entomologie, 1, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1930">Alluaud</bibRefCitation>
</location>
(1930: 4) described 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BB592E5286F1FC7C" box="[1099,1205,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bozasi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BB592E5286F1FC7C" box="[1099,1205,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. bozasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, he was unaware of 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BF852EB6834EFC58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BF852EB6834EFC58" box="[151,266,908,932]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Burgeon's" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Burgeon’s</location>
description of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BED12EB68007FC58" box="[451,579,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BED12EB68007FC58" box="[451,579,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. uelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
published in the same year (
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BCB62EB686DFFC59" author="Burgeon" box="[932,1179,908,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Burgeon, L. (1930 b) Les Panagaeini du Musee du Congo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 19, 151 - 166." type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="b">
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BCB62EB68642FC58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BCB62EB68642FC58" box="[932,1030,908,932]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Burgeon" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Burgeon</location>
1930b: 159
</bibRefCitation>
). I suspect that when 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BF852E95835CFC34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BF852E95835CFC34" box="[151,280,943,968]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Basilewsky" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Basilewsky</location>
synonymized 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BEAC2E8A807EFC34" box="[446,570,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BEAC2E8A807EFC34" box="[446,570,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. uelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD6F2E8A80B0FC3B" box="[637,756,944,967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="savagei">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD6F2E8A80B0FC3B" box="[637,756,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. savagei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(without comment), he united two very similar taxa, which however differ in pronotum proportions and convexity and sculpture of the elytra (
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BB3C2EEE862CFC11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BB3C2EEE862CFC11" box="[1070,1128,980,1005]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Plate" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Plate</location>
9, 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BB982EEE86FEFC11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BB982EEE86FEFC11" box="[1162,1210,980,1005]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Figs" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Figs</location>
62, 63 and Figs. 67, 70). 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BFD82ECD82B2FBEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BFD82ECD82B2FBEC" box="[202,246,1015,1040]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="The" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">The</location>
finding of a new specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD582EC280F6FBEC" box="[586,690,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bozasi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD582EC280F6FBEC" box="[586,690,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. bozasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(candidate for 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2505061BC492EC281F2FBEC" box="[859,950,1016,1040]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
) in 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BCF32ECD86CAFBEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BCF32ECD86CAFBEC" box="[993,1166,1015,1040]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="southern Sudan" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">southern Sudan</location>
supports the notion that 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BF8529268345FBC8" box="[151,257,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bozasi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BF8529268345FBC8" box="[151,257,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. bozasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BE2E292683FCFBC8" box="[316,440,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BE2E292683FCFBC8" box="[316,440,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. uelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are conspecific. 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BD6F292680B5FBC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BD6F292680B5FBC8" box="[637,753,1052,1076]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Burgeon's" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Burgeon‘s</location>
(1930) work was published on 
<date id="8E541061D2505061BB72292686F0FBC9" box="[1120,1204,1052,1077]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" value="1930-07">
<collectingDate id="9E10E989D2505061BB72292686F0FBC9" box="[1120,1204,1052,1077]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" value="1930-07">30 July</collectingDate>
</date>
and that of 
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BA50292682A5FBA4" author="Alluaud" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1930) Note sur les Panageides dAfrique tropicale. Afra, Cahiers d'Entomologie, 1, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1930">
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BA50292687D8FBC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BA50292687D8FBC9" box="[1346,1436,1052,1077]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Alluaud" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Alluaud</location>
(1930)
</bibRefCitation>
on 
<date id="8E541061D2505061BE1E290583EEFBA4" box="[268,426,1087,1112]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" value="2015-09">
<collectingDate id="9E10E989D2505061BE1E290583EEFBA4" box="[268,426,1087,1112]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" value="2015-09">15 September</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BEA7290583A5FBA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BEA7290583A5FBA4" box="[437,481,1087,1112]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="The" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">The</location>
priority is thus clear, 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BDC5297A8105FBA4" box="[727,833,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bozasi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BDC5297A8105FBA4" box="[727,833,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. bozasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of 
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BB11297A86C2FBA4" box="[1027,1158,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BB11297A86C6FBA4" box="[1027,1154,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uelensis">C. uelensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BB9F290586FDFBA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BB9F290586FDFBA4" box="[1165,1209,1087,1112]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="The" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">The</location>
name of the eastern subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BE21295E83EFFB80" box="[307,427,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BE21295E83EFFB80" box="[307,427,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thus must be 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD56295E8189FB80" authority="Burgeon, 1930" authorityName="Burgeon" authorityYear="1930" box="[580,973,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reflexus" subSpecies="uelensis">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD56295E8159FB80" box="[580,797,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. reflexus uelensis</emphasis>
Burgeon, 1930
</taxonomicName>
. 
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BCC5295E81BFFB81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BCC5295E81BFFB81" box="[983,1019,1124,1149]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="All" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">All</location>
aedeagi of the studied populations of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BF8529B2834BFB5C" box="[151,271,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BF8529B2834BFB5C" box="[151,271,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the same shape (
<location id="FF35607AD2505061BD1829BD8000FB5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:724387B7D2525061BF852B66835AF8D4:FF35607AD2505061BD1829BD8000FB5C" box="[522,580,1159,1184]" country="Burkina Faso" county="southern Ethiopia" municipality="They" name="Plate" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Not">Plate</location>
11, Figs. 72–76).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA5536A1D2505061BFD52996837BF9D0" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
While studying Basilewsky’s material at MRAC I had the opportunity to observe similar variability in the size of the pronotum and elytral pattern in 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD5629EA812CFB14" authority="Alluaud, 1930" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1930" box="[580,872,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD5629EA80F8FB14" box="[580,700,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. stanleyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BDD129F5812CFB14" author="Alluaud" box="[707,872,1231,1256]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1930) Note sur les Panageides dAfrique tropicale. Afra, Cahiers d'Entomologie, 1, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1930">Alluaud, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This species differs from the previous not only in the elytral pattern but also in the shape of the aedeagus (Plate 11, Fig. 77). The variability of the elytral pattern is limited, which permits to distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD2C282280F3FACC" box="[574,695,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD2C282280F3FACC" box="[574,695,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. stanleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the similarly variable 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BCE72822862BFACC" box="[1013,1135,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reflexus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BCE72822862BFACC" box="[1013,1135,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. reflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at first sight. Examination of many specimens at MRAC and of other recent collections indicates that the specimen found in the Alluaud- Jeannel collection at MNHN labeled 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD2E285A809DFA84" box="[572,729,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD2E285A8012FA8B" box="[572,598,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C.</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD90285A809DFA84" box="[642,729,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">stanleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Häckel 2016: 517, plate 3, fig. 21, here Plate 10, Fig. 70c) is actually a male of that species. Also the 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2505061BD4D28BF80CBFA61" box="[607,655,1413,1437]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BDA728BE81A6FA60" authority="Alluaud, 1932" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1932" box="[693,994,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lebaudyi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BDA728BE8172FA60" box="[693,822,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. lebaudyi</emphasis>
Alluaud, 1932
</taxonomicName>
, which was not found at MNHN and is known only by a drawing (Häckel 2016: 517, plate 3, fig. 24), apparently belongs to a taxon conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BA90289282AAFA18" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BA90289282AAFA18" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. stanleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All differences in the description and the drawing (Alluaud 1932: 9) fall within the limits of intraspecific variation (Plate 10, Figs 70, 71). 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD3228CA8110F9F4" authority="Alluaud, 1932" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1932" box="[544,852,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lebaudyi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD3228CA80E1F9F4" box="[544,677,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. lebaudyi</emphasis>
Alluaud, 1932
</taxonomicName>
is therefore hereby synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BA3228CA837FF9D0" authority="Alluaud, 1930" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BA3228CA87DFF9F4" box="[1312,1435,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. stanleyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BF852B2E837FF9D0" author="Alluaud" box="[151,315,1556,1581]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1930) Note sur les Panageides dAfrique tropicale. Afra, Cahiers d'Entomologie, 1, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1930">Alluaud, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA5536A1D2505061BFD52B02835AF8D4" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2505061BFD52B02829FF9AC" box="[199,219,1592,1616]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">A</collectingRegion>
final proposed synonymy is aimed to follow Basilewsky’s intention, that could not be carried out due to his passing in 1993. Basilewsky labeled one specimen collected in 
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2505061BC492B6681D7F989" box="[859,915,1628,1653]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Kivu</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="82FD7631D2505061BCB32B66865BF988" box="[929,1055,1628,1652]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
DR 
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2505061BCC22B66865BF988" box="[976,1055,1628,1652]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Congo</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
), the 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2505061BB492B6786CFF989" box="[1115,1163,1629,1653]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BA182B66837EF964" authority="Alluaud, 1930" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethmoides">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BA182B6687D8F988" box="[1290,1436,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. ethmoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BF852B45837EF964" author="Alluaud" box="[151,314,1663,1688]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1930) Note sur les Panageides dAfrique tropicale. Afra, Cahiers d'Entomologie, 1, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1930">Alluaud, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as “ 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BE612BBA807EF964" authority="All." authorityName="All." box="[371,570,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethmoides">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BE612BBA8043F964" box="[371,519,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. ethmoides</emphasis>
All.
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BD402BBA8163F964" authority="Boh." authorityName="Boh." box="[594,807,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impictus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BD402BBA8097F96B" box="[594,723,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. impictus</emphasis>
(Boh.)
</taxonomicName>
“. The study of a series of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BB412BBA8690F96B" box="[1107,1236,1664,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impictus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BB412BBA8690F96B" box="[1107,1236,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. impictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(at MRAC) from 
<collectingCountry id="82FD7631D2505061BF852B9E82AAF941" box="[151,238,1700,1725]" name="Uganda" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Uganda</collectingCountry>
and/or northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="82FD7631D2505061BEC42B9F8015F940" box="[470,593,1700,1724]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
DR 
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2505061BD162B9E8015F940" box="[516,593,1700,1724]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Congo</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, and the comparison with the 
<typeStatus id="25518803D2505061BCB12B9E8641F941" box="[931,1029,1700,1725]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BB392B9E8722F940" authority="Alluaud, 1930" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1930" box="[1067,1382,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethmoides">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BB392B9E86F9F940" box="[1067,1213,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. ethmoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BBD72B9E8722F940" author="Alluaud" box="[1221,1382,1700,1725]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1930) Note sur les Panageides dAfrique tropicale. Afra, Cahiers d'Entomologie, 1, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1930">Alluaud, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
plus 
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BF852BF282E7F923" author="Alluaud" box="[151,163,1736,1759]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1930) Note sur les Panageides dAfrique tropicale. Afra, Cahiers d'Entomologie, 1, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1930" yearSuffix="a">a</bibRefCitation>
labeled Alluaud’s specimen at MNHN collected in 
<collectingRegion id="382EF843D2505061BC1C2BFD8102F91C" box="[782,838,1735,1760]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Kivu</collectingRegion>
(Häckel 2016: 510, 518: Fig. 27), suggest that 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BA902BF283FCF8F8" authority="Alluaud, 1930" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethmoides">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BA902BF2834DF8F8" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. ethmoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E7B4B50D2505061BE062BD683FCF8F8" author="Alluaud" box="[276,440,1772,1797]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" refString="Alluaud, C. (1930) Note sur les Panageides dAfrique tropicale. Afra, Cahiers d'Entomologie, 1, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1930">Alluaud, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
should be synonymyzed with 
<taxonomicName id="3DEA4D22D2505061BC362BD68639F8F8" authority="Boheman, 1848" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1848" box="[804,1149,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Craspedophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impictus">
<emphasis id="C89EEAB3D2505061BC362BD681ECF8F8" box="[804,936,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">C. impictus</emphasis>
(Boheman, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
, as already proposed by Basilewsky.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>