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<mods:title id="EE9DF59B8DA96E2D9F2C8CD3F79AC141">Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D227100A47E88BA7C78E7DDE9BCEEFFB">Khalaim, Andrey I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0647D3EADB8102994204D30080A55AA4">Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. &amp; Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="B62946CB0AF8CF1C58A8D74F4FBCCC6E">Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus 
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<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBFFFC741DEF617FEF6FDA1" bold="true" box="[238,352,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Ephialtes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBFFFC74058F617FDC7FDA0" author="Gravenhorst, J. L. C." box="[360,593,546,572]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refId="ref41570" refString="Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1829) Ichneumonologia Europaea. Pars III. Vratislaviae, 1097 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65750" type="book" year="1829">Gravenhorst, 1829</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBFFFC741A7F652FF61FDE3" box="[151,247,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Ephialtes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBFFFC741CDF652FE7CFDE3" author="Gravenhorst, J. L. C." box="[253,490,615,639]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refId="ref41570" refString="Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1829) Ichneumonologia Europaea. Pars III. Vratislaviae, 1097 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65750" type="book" year="1829">Gravenhorst 1829: 748</bibRefCitation>
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.
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species: 
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<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBFFFC743B2F652FCEFFDE3" box="[642,889,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Ichneumon manifestator</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
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.
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<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBFFFC741A7F691FE85FD20" bold="true" box="[151,275,676,700]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" reason="1">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBFFFC74029F690FDD4FD21" author="Townes, H. K. &amp; Townes, M." box="[281,578,676,701]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 676" refId="ref43892" refString="Townes, H. K. &amp; Townes, M. (1960) Ichneumon-flies of America North of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 216 (Part 2), 1 - 676. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.216.1 - 2" type="journal article" year="1960">Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 100</bibRefCitation>
[
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBFFFC74361F691FD0CFD20" box="[593,666,676,700]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBFFFC74361F691FD0CFD20" box="[593,666,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Pimpla</emphasis>
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; revision of 4 species (2 described as new) from America north of 
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]. 
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBFFFC741F7F6F1FEE3FD47" author="Townes, H. K." box="[199,373,707,731]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 300" refId="ref43741" refString="Townes, H. K. (1969) The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 11, 1 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02027741" type="journal article" year="1969">Townes 1969: 76</bibRefCitation>
[
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBFFFC740B4F6F6FE5BFD47" box="[388,461,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBFFFC740B4F6F6FE5BFD47" box="[388,461,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Pimpla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; description; distribution]. 
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBFFFC743D3F6F6FC08FD47" author="Carlson, R. W." box="[739,926,707,731]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="315 - 740" refId="ref40518" refString="Carlson, R. W. (1979) Family Ichneumonidae. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd Jr., P. D., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), &quot; Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. &quot; Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp. 315 - 740." type="book chapter" year="1979">Carlson 1979: 326</bibRefCitation>
[
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBFFFC7429DF6F6FC60FD47" box="[941,1014,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBFFFC7429DF6F6FC60FD47" box="[941,1014,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Pimpla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; catalogue; 4 species in America north of 
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBFFFC741F7F6D7FE8CFD66" box="[199,282,738,762]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Mexico</collectingCountry>
]. 
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBFFFC7401BF6D7FDF5FD66" author="Ruiz-Cancino, E. &amp; Kasparyan, D. R. &amp; Coronado-Blanco, J. M." box="[299,611,738,762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="631 - 646" refId="ref43392" refString="Ruiz-Cancino, E., Kasparyan, D. R. &amp; Coronado-Blanco, J. M. (2002) 37. Ichneumonidae. In: Llorente-Bousquets, J. &amp; Morrone, J. J. (Eds.), Biodiversidad, Taxonomia y Biogeografia de Artropodos de Mexico: Hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento. Conabio-Ecosur-Bayer, Mexico, pp. 631 - 646." type="book chapter" year="2002">
Ruíz-Cancino 
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBFFFC740F0F6D6FE78FD66" box="[448,494,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">et al</emphasis>
. 2002: 645
</bibRefCitation>
[checklist; 1 species in 
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBFFFC7426DF6D7FC26FD66" box="[861,944,738,762]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Mexico</collectingCountry>
]. 
<bibRefCitation id="9E394B03FFBFFFC742F1F6D7FB36FD66" author="Horstmann" box="[961,1184,738,762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" pagination="145 - 165" refId="ref41841" refString="Horstmann K. (2008) Revision der europaischen Arten von Ephialtes Gravenhorst, 1829, mit Bemerkungen zu weiteren holarktischen Arten (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Entomofauna, 29 (9), 145 - 165." type="journal article" year="2008">Horstmann 2008: 153</bibRefCitation>
[revision of 4 European species; key; record of 
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBFFFC74082F734FDD8FC85" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[434,590,769,793]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manifestator">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBFFFC74082F734FDD8FC85" box="[434,590,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">E. manifestator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) from Nearctic region].
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA1736F2FFBFFFC741A7F772FC3EFC35" blockId="20.[151,1437,839,973]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<taxonomicName id="3DA84D71FFBFFFC741A7F772FE97FCFD" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,257,839,865]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ephialtes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8DCEAE0FFBFFFC741A7F772FE97FCFD" box="[151,257,839,865]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Ephialtes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small predominantly Holarctic genus with nine species (taxonomic status of several West Palaearctic species is uncertain). Five species occur in the Nearctic region, of them two species are Holarctic (i.e. also occur in the Palaeaerctic region). One species is known from northern 
<collectingCountry id="82BF7662FFBFFFC7427BF7BAFC32FC35" box="[843,932,911,937]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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Parasitoids of wasps nesting in the wood (
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: Aculeata) and xylophagous insects.
</paragraph>
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