treatments-xml/data/55/12/FD/5512FD5D96320A05D9005EDE8A24A463.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="28281" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" ID-GBIF-Dataset="175ade4f-e320-4f41-ab85-7811f4147be4" ID-PMC="PMC6323114" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-114-123" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" ID-PubMed="30627045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533527" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-114-123" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi" checkinTime="1553125316505" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Vega, Isidoro Sanchez, Romaschenko, Konstantin, Giraldo-Canas, Diego &amp; Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio" docDate="2018" docId="5512FD5D96320A05D9005EDE8A24A463" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 114: 123-206" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 114" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" docTitle="Muhlenbergia flexuosa Hitchc., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 24 (8): 388. 1927" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" lastPageNumber="154" masterDocId="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" masterDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1732930826153" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="122A8C970795D058423467FF5D1FE8EB">Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A43D20226167FE0E0B0D0D0DAF214B2">Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E926447CDB49A7D3DCC861254C1C101">Vega, Isidoro Sanchez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60658AF64AC2202D14A2385318BE32C1">Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="037A2FC6C846B704C28018864816C158">Giraldo-Canas, Diego</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A6914D5DC489ACBE1E0730E6BB291F55">Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D9FAB70706CAEE27D23559163DBEE56C">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="5512FD5D96320A05D9005EDE8A24A463" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472459" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5512FD5D96320A05D9005EDE8A24A463" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5512FD5D96320A05D9005EDE8A24A463" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="29" pageNumber="152" scope_family="Poaceae">
<subSubSection id="ADCA30679518648E06B0492418EF3F4D" pageId="29" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8C5DCF21A87339695D94BD33FA160E70" pageId="29" pageNumber="152">
10. 
<taxonomicName id="E73A0121E77CAA68BFBE6720F29DE3E6" ID-CoL="44JH9" LSID="B3DFE946-FA00-5B13-8604-7D1EEB1BE167" authority="Hitchc., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 24 (8): 388. 1927." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia flexuosa" order="Poales" pageId="29" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">Muhlenbergia flexuosa Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24(8): 388. 1927.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="0674B61EF991B91B1A833E7AC06B73A8" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. A-E Muhlenbergia flexuosa Hitchc. A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E stamens and pistil. Drawn from H. Teppner 79 - 293 (US)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254050" pageId="29" pageNumber="152">Fig. 9A-E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="492C3920DEC4FD9FD0CF61B798B8491E" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B5AE8D86E7CD7E3F22A87F3B52B36CF1" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">
<pageBreakToken id="A4C3F73CC0EE2EA5F4BD61558828EDEE" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF5E66768D41B335B1EF88682A25911B" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">
Peru, Huacachi Estacion near Muna, summit of rocky crest, 2000 m, 20 May-1 Jun 1923, 
<emphasis id="7D3FBC587D3570389F9977904E1E62EA" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">J.F. Macbride 3874</emphasis>
(holotype: F-534937!; isotypes: BAA-1622!, BM-000938657 [image!], G-00099373 [image!], K!, LE!, US-1256339!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="615F00A5EEA992449C0B56BE1FD87998" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" type="description">
<paragraph id="F72785ED0E71BD51323314D6FA9B244A" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1135843FF3146D3E96DF23F287F03F" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">
Caespitose 
<emphasis id="CFEDF4C67F1C20823E20D5644FC71E5E" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">perennials</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="E437AD931B713897894131E93215C677" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Culms</emphasis>
15-40 cm tall, slender, 0.3-0.4 mm diameter just below the panicle with 6-8 nodes per culm; 
<emphasis id="F6D8736BF6FD1495927A29D0D05BC0D6" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">internodes</emphasis>
1-6 cm long near base, glabrous, shiny. 
<emphasis id="03A57DC8330D099B9B357E24546D323D" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
about as long as the internodes below, glabrous; 
<emphasis id="35D66172EE5893B4A889ECFF75F143C1" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">ligules</emphasis>
0.3-0.5 mm long, membranous, apex truncate, lacerate; 
<emphasis id="40DD8BD88C9CEAC97DCED91A706657D8" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">blades</emphasis>
2-5 cm long, 1-2.2 mm wide, flat, scaberulous, apex acuminate. 
<emphasis id="3F764278EDBC462C45E567013C572F83" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Panicles</emphasis>
3.5-6.5 (-7) cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, narrow, spiciform, sometimes interrupted below; 
<emphasis id="D86C7CAE34C3BDA8E0BF31C61F2CB320" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">primary branches</emphasis>
0.5-2.5 cm long, tightly apressed to loosely ascending or spreading, not more than 45° from the culm axis. 
<emphasis id="16C49F87B754EA341D1F3E87E14C39C1" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Spikelets</emphasis>
2.8-4.2 mm long, yellowish to light brown, erect or drooping; 
<emphasis id="9974BC6C6E57C3BA80A5C3267E7FF8F4" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">glumes</emphasis>
2.8-4 mm long, including mucos or awns, subequal, hyaline to membranous, glabrous, 1-veined, scabrous along the midvein, apex acute, unawned, mucronate or awned, the awns up to 1.3 mm long, straight or loosely flexuous; 
<emphasis id="7CBE74C2C8FBBCA5A288AA08F0C7BE5F" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">lemmas</emphasis>
2.8-4.2 mm long, hyaline to membranous, 3-veined, scaberulous, lower 1/3 sparsely hairy, apically awned, the awns 14-30 mm long, flexuous, callus hairy, the hairs up to 0.4 mm long; 
<emphasis id="A5D20DDC1364C70A87AA79C4CA1B33B2" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">paleas</emphasis>
about as long as the lemmas, 2-veined, glabrous, apex acuminate, often mucronate; 
<emphasis id="E76D91D6BA84C2ADE0DB6CF9ADBFB4B0" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">anthers</emphasis>
1.3-1.6 mm long, purple. 
<emphasis id="CC6B13319707CE39867C13DA5E222E68" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Caryopses</emphasis>
1.4-1.6 mm long fusiform, light brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E6B2D610EA5FD8D80883C23C78A3C8CD" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533681" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254050" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 9" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="0FF5C6F2A68D43D967C68A88EBA0C655" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="827112AD6238B07FE684F3A9D35DE986" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="21C44D457C0BA1E9F788867FE7A0E549" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">A-E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A2043F89BDE9B6BCB6650C573C31DACD" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia flexuosa" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="F2FDE76BDA8514A8FFE2533287426D83" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Muhlenbergia flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hitchc. 
<emphasis id="D9D6660E02C41F442650EB734C64226A" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis id="3CF735014AE5D708AEA5209DA59B6724" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
ligule 
<emphasis id="B4B95CC433B192A7E189D48AC3D9A561" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
glumes 
<emphasis id="AE1C73A176DCA889E4DE778060584EA5" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
floret 
<emphasis id="87199C2C831241BB93A80CBD86095AD0" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
stamens and pistil. Drawn from 
<emphasis id="8F02C1F43C85C9F28161E23FA244B6A1" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">H. Teppner 79-293</emphasis>
(US).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BE1F5411F952CA885D05B781175B76F6" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="56EBCC388181C2FECBF2E1C6D10262D8" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2877563B8118D806A84A33709A37D9E" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="48730A99D57185799C6C3939E731DE82" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia flexuosa" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="19DC09D789EFBC386894711F1DF1D030" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Muhlenbergia flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
endemic to Peru and is known from only a few collections from 
<normalizedToken id="759FCFB0FFF7808B0ACE9C525C0A194A" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, Pasco and San 
<normalizedToken id="BCBCB68FFA12DA05C9247C86B7146470" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
departments (
<bibRefCitation id="3EF546F6CD7B58EFA355448A7A4E1B0B" author="Hitchcock, AS" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="291 - 556" refId="B16" refString="Hitchcock, AS, 1927. The grasses of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 24: 291 - 556" title="The grasses of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia." volume="24" year="1927">Hitchcock 1927</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="ECAEF9CE682915DDA97A4F4B1354E8FE" author="Tovar, O" journalOrPublisher="Ruizia" pageId="60" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 480" refId="B59" refString="Tovar, O, 1993. Las Gramineas (Poaceae) del Peru. Ruizia 13: 1 - 480" title="Las Gramineas (Poaceae) del Peru." volume="13" year="1993">Tovar 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ED65A5AA4B2185D93F17B02BA3E71BAA" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="48EB879BAB693B809EEC40A9BDB203CB" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1DB603BC5D92CA437F117FCC613D0A2D" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">
Steep talus slopes, rocky trail cuts and rock outcropts with 
<taxonomicName id="C26294C918C2544DF04B3D98D15B9D07" class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Andropogon" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="579792FC949DD6EC7B74F63721E284C0" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Andropogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="C08D8317CF33A205A086EC00D195D000" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Rosales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AD6EAA6F878A9A94886BE70970DC8B56" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9C6767033B6158F1F16F114BC41510F3" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BACB2DA30625B2DE93795D4E79080B5B" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Chusquea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="ADCA05B7609652690253A38DDF3AE6D8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Asterales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C5AA40678E1AF332E99C22B894E71019" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Baccharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="0DC90FEE26B6CC62C396B7B4DD46522F" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="71A00091A95E8D851B6FB83C24FF36D7" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Puya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="8E0719E22D3EB5F5BF4CCCAC749960C4" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ED7792D2D11D10D86052FD8D3526176" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Salvia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="6513D036A33D08EA36D3F38974E86E7E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus" order="Rosales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E795A71799F8A1F6C29E4859EBAAE75C" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="0FC1E9DDA44AB041156C54B7097D932A" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia ciliata" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis id="2F2468360458E3747763580704E404D9" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Muhlenbergia ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FC3C833FE57D67F3609DBC0D82DC54B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. beyrichiana" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="beyrichiana">
<emphasis id="E47BF5B611203F8E9F92F5C62A00FB17" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">M. beyrichiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5ACF42065C4645733AE0B1C9F068A1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Acanthaceae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0A9BD518909BA28027911E9EADB25F5E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
; 1200-2530 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78062CC920311F5638AF619C879336F2" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" type="comments">
<paragraph id="A344E7B597C1EA5ED5F1233E973CE5E9" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB74FB66147B10700BD1A2832F06480F" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">
<bibRefCitation id="0A903BEB13F28C5EB5688EF24427123C" author="Hitchcock, AS" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="291 - 556" refId="B16" refString="Hitchcock, AS, 1927. The grasses of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 24: 291 - 556" title="The grasses of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia." volume="24" year="1927">Hitchcock (1927)</bibRefCitation>
suggested 
<taxonomicName id="7777B9B5D03474759E4EC1A1B2A393D1" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia flexuosa" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="204CB1187441020B099B029E80FF35F8" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">Muhlenbergia flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was allied with 
<taxonomicName id="074D8570E2CF938FD5EF8B1A52408838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. flaviseta" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flaviseta">
<emphasis id="1B0010918D0FC0A64F7BA0F4CF4301E6" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">M. flaviseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Scribn. and 
<taxonomicName id="40273D95498095D8226B2704ED8584BB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. watsoniana" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="watsoniana">
<emphasis id="D80FC6473FC783257C0E1432FEA49648" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">M. watsoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hitchc. (≡ 
<taxonomicName id="A64448374A83036859FB6DBBC0D5DCC4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. scabra" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="153" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="scabra">
<emphasis id="090A7C02D95C90B60EEE8C7A81D13BD1" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="153">M. scabra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
S. Watson), since all have 
<pageBreakToken id="E90405A1D58A11E0F0FB75E019C9A871" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" start="start">short</pageBreakToken>
flat blades, spike-like 
<emphasis id="39919567F895AF626EF822F914C97FF9" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">panicles</emphasis>
and slender flexuous awns. However, 
<taxonomicName id="CC1E11ED0C88E4A4B5A4872DD4CD99DE" authorityName="Scribn" authorityYear="1897" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia flaviseta" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaviseta">
<emphasis id="906451A1D4E9C121A1D6E49225F34430" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">Muhlenbergia flaviseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3C054191CE046FDC057EE953E584A26A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. watsoniana" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="watsoniana">
<emphasis id="F387FE927F6F6DE19119D361CFCF8449" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">M. watsoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are members of the 
<taxonomicName id="D8CA97713D11A533FFB1A4371A45C5B6" authority="subg. Clomena" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Clomena</taxonomicName>
clade while 
<taxonomicName id="9991653F0E0E7BFBC26356C09E56F7E1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. flexuosa" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="DFFF0D1070FCBC99F693AD82D2664716" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sister to 
<taxonomicName id="421BCCFBC0B2927FEC5355F91CC7B02C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. plumiseta" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plumiseta">
<emphasis id="D23972A965EB3521EFB78F1E1C574701" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">M. plumiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Columbus- 
<taxonomicName id="40A340A3E78CE9A2F9CA4AF12DA36860" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. pereilema" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pereilema">
<emphasis id="532AA94C134E222BD267560F14BE69E7" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">M. pereilema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
P.M. Peterson- 
<taxonomicName id="C426AE50C8E541B973387DA1DBCDBB01" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. beyrichiana" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="beyrichiana">
<emphasis id="6714478CE9902B45BAE8B77A6197F151" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">M. beyrichiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade, all of which are included in 
<taxonomicName id="4886914F2EF007B512019EB5D934DF32" authority="subg. Muhlenbergi" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Muhlenbergi</taxonomicName>
a (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="6E15465907051A137EF99690D447A18F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254042" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">1</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2D7C608B0A31736DFBCA315B966B0545" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
). Within 
<taxonomicName id="3226CEC3F92C0F0FF74377956B3CB51F" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="31D6CC1AC3A12A6773E93A29E7C7F5CB" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">Muhlenbergia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the derivation of a slender flexuous awn found in 
<taxonomicName id="91ED655A4082FF6DE5CFA5151B3533AF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. flexuosa" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="29E87D91B7585684E73F345403E123FD" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has occurred in four of the five subgenera currently recognised within the genus and is only lacking in 
<taxonomicName id="DF40F9026E4544D792B870ACEDC4AF89" authority="subg. Pseudosporobolus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Pseudosporobolus</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="42B1EEF6E7F6C298DCEFB5D3F87E753C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254042" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">1B</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="59565C8912D5503314DECD0BBDE8F271" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E82E07711269FAB59F223666A03A5E" pageId="31" pageNumber="154" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="62674E6C8ADE884C61AC61EE0F0A337D" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9DC7C49FAE5A0486634B7AFCD022531F" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">
Peru. 
<emphasis id="68ADFC3DE41A367FD452B4678E4A0EB8" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">
<normalizedToken id="5CC21F57ADD6DD6247A71EC84A711D33" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Rio Huallaga 
<normalizedToken id="47DAC303C241903D41ADEC6623227417" originalValue="Cañon">Canon</normalizedToken>
, below Rio Santo Domingo, 1316 m, 3 Jun 1923, J.F. Macbride 4205 (US); Pachitea, Canyon of the Rio Grande, 44 air km E of 
<normalizedToken id="8E5AE47AD242655042C2568C5FFA20AC" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, 2 air km ESE of 
<normalizedToken id="F16D398D0B63F23FF41E401D2DB48BD4" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Huacachay (Huacachi), 
<geoCoordinate id="9152C929102CAA496A962ECF6D7D1BA0" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.7" value="-9.859639">9°51'34.7&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0D5122D41027B325673A4444596EBCD8" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.1" value="-75.846695">75°50'48.1&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1867 m, 7 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romaschenko 20358 (MO, US, USM); 1.5 air km SE of 
<normalizedToken id="BA9956F00A86E390F575D5012F9A4AB2" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Huacachay (Huacachi), 
<geoCoordinate id="51644125866075ACB8D8329A17A96AA7" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="42.8" value="-9.861889">9°51'42.8&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EA95F5D977054D1576B98A3B71CC20D2" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="23.4" value="-75.839836">75°50'23.4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2383 m, 8 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romaschenko 20365 (MO, US, USM); along trail 1/3 air km NW of 
<normalizedToken id="B5134421A3B723DBBE1213EFA1BF7F55" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Huacachay (Huacachi), 
<geoCoordinate id="FFFD602FD55680F615D58FE4971F366D" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="1.4" value="-9.8503895">9°51'1.4&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E8D521E577FC834B422EEF02FECC54DB" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="53.4" value="-75.8315">75°49'53.4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2519 m, 8 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romaschenko 20373 (US, USM). 
<emphasis id="C4462C0A13DF0E4C31AF74C110730906" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">Junin</emphasis>
: Cerro Taldes, Rio Huancabamba, 31 km S of Pozuzo and 3 km N of Llullitunqui, 1370 m, 1 Jun 1979, H. Teppner 79-293 (US). Pasco: Oxapampa, Pozuzo, 21 Jul 1978, Ellemberg 8934 (USM). 
<emphasis id="25C9DDF8C90AA7403C32CADB69895E3F" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="154">
San 
<normalizedToken id="65E41C4582116B2A434A8F9DC1D2F416" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Mariscal Caceres, 2350 m, 13 Aug 1986, K. Young 4234 (MO).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>