299 lines
32 KiB
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299 lines
32 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3493113-35ec-4c31-b7cc-b32cd9c717e2" ID-PMC="PMC4319052" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-478-45" ID-PubMed="25685010" ID-ZBK="EC360FAF6BF94FEF96DAF336302D1789" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-478-45" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 478" ModsDocTitle="Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)" checkinTime="1451244725713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Molineri, Carlos, Salles, Frederico F. & Peters, Janice G." docDate="2015" docId="545C38422C9F3B58E9017FB12B795A37" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 478: 45-128" docOrigin="ZooKeys 478" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057" docTitle="Asthenopus curtus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="FFBFFF8FFFA98B3E3C274356FFB0EE6C" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1668159874580" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Molineri, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Salles, Frederico F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peters, Janice G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>478</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>45</mods:start>
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<mods:end>128</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-478-45</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">EC360FAF6BF94FEF96DAF336302D1789</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EC360FAF6BF94FEF96DAF336302D1789</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058040" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:545C38422C9F3B58E9017FB12B795A37" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/545C38422C9F3B58E9017FB12B795A37" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="37" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="82" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="82">Taxon classification Animalia Ephemeroptera Polymitarcyidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName authority="Hagen" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Asthenopus curtus (Hagen)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 4E, 14A, 16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 17
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 18A, G, 20G
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Palingeniidae" genus="Palingenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palingenia albifilum" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albifilum">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="83" start="start">Palingenia</pageBreakToken>
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albifilum
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</taxonomicName>
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var.;
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<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="The Trustees, London" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="533 - 585" title="List of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum" year="1853">Walker 1853</bibRefCitation>
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: 554.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Palingeniidae" genus="Palingenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palingenia curta" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curta">Palingenia curta</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="38" pageNumber="83">Hagen 1861</bibRefCitation>
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: 304.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Campsurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campsurus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Campsurus curtus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Eaton, AE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist Monthly Magazine" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="82 - 91" title="An outline of re-arrangement of the genera of Ephemeridae." volume="5" year="1868">Eaton 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 84;
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<bibRefCitation author="Eaton, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (2 nd Ser Zoology)" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 352" title="A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or mayflies." volume="2" year="1883 - 1888">Eaton 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: 40;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ulmer, G" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="229 - 267" title="Ueber einige Ephemeropteren-Typen aelterer Autoren." volume="87" year="1921">Ulmer 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 240.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Asthenopus curtus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Eaton, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 164" title="A Monograph of the Ephemeridae." volume="1871" year="1871">Eaton 1871</bibRefCitation>
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: 59;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ulmer, G" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="97 - 144" title="Uebersicht ueber die Gattungen der Ephemeropteren, nebst Bemerkungen ueber einzelne Arten." volume="81" year="1920">Ulmer 1920</bibRefCitation>
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c: 107;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ulmer, G" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="229 - 267" title="Ueber einige Ephemeropteren-Typen aelterer Autoren." volume="87" year="1921">Ulmer 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 240;
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<bibRefCitation author="Lestage, J-A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="53" pageNumber="98" pagination="142 - 148" title="Notes sur les genres Asthenopus-Povilla (Ephemeroptera) et description d'une espece javanaise nouvelle (Asthenopuscorporaali sp. n.)." volume="62" year="1922">Lestage 1922</bibRefCitation>
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b: 142;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ulmer, G" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="98 - 128" title="Alte und neue Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) aus Sued- und Mittelamerika." volume="103" year="1942">Ulmer 1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 105;
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<bibRefCitation author="Traver, JR" journalOrPublisher="Comunicaciones zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 10" title="The genus Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera)." volume="4" year="1956">Traver 1956</bibRefCitation>
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b: 7;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kimmins, DE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="52" pageNumber="97" pagination="269 - 318" title="The Ephemeroptera types of species described by A. E. Eaton, R. McLachlan and F. Walker, with particular reference to those in the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="9" year="1960">Kimmins 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 312;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sattler, W" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Neotropischen Fauna" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="89 - 110" title="Ueber die Lebensweise, insbesondere das Bauverhalten, neotropischer Eintagsfliegen-Larven (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcidae)." url="10.1080/01650526709360399" volume="5" year="1967">Sattler 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 104;
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<bibRefCitation author="Berner, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="103 - 105" title="The status of Asthenopuscurtus (Hagen) (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)." volume="8" year="1978">Berner 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 103;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hubbard, MD" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo" pageId="52" pageNumber="97" pagination="257 - 282" title="Catalogo abreviado de Ephemeroptera da America do sul." volume="34" year="1982">Hubbard 1982</bibRefCitation>
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a: 270;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dominguez, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="21 - 26" title="Asthenopusgilliesi sp. n. y su importancia en la taxonomia de la subfamilia Asthenopodinae (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)." volume="19" year="1988">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Domínguez">Dominguez</normalizedToken>
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1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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a: 24;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hubbard, MD" journalOrPublisher="The Florida Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="97" pagination="207 - 210" title="Synonymy of the neotropical mayfly genera Asthenopus and Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae: Asthenopodinae)." url="10.2307/3495369" volume="71" year="1988">
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Hubbard and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Domínguez">Dominguez</normalizedToken>
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1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 207;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dominguez, E" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Societad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="173 - 174" title="Primera cita de Asthenopuscurtus (Hagen) (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) para la Republica de Ecuador." volume="45" year="1989">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Domínguez">Dominguez</normalizedToken>
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1989
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</bibRefCitation>
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a: 173 (described as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus magnus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Asthenopus magnus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. below);
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<bibRefCitation author="Dominguez, E" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" title="Ephemeroptera of South America. Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Domínguez">Dominguez</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 561.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Campsurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campsurus amazonicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">Campsurus amazonicus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hagen, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitung Stettin" pageId="52" pageNumber="97" pagination="221 - 232" title="Unsere gegenwaertige Kenntniss der Ephemeren." volume="49" year="1888">Hagen 1888</bibRefCitation>
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: 230.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus amazonicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">Asthenopus amazonicus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ulmer, G" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="97 - 144" title="Uebersicht ueber die Gattungen der Ephemeropteren, nebst Bemerkungen ueber einzelne Arten." volume="81" year="1920">Ulmer 1920</bibRefCitation>
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c: 107;
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<bibRefCitation author="Lestage, J-A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="53" pageNumber="98" pagination="113 - 124" title="L'imbroglio campsurien. Notes critiques sur les Campsurus (Ephemeroptera)." volume="63" year="1923">Lestage 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 124;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ulmer, G" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="98 - 128" title="Alte und neue Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) aus Sued- und Mittelamerika." volume="103" year="1942">Ulmer 1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 106;
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<bibRefCitation author="Traver, JR" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="593 - 614" title="Notes on Neotropical Mayflies. Part IV. Family Ephemeridae (continued)." volume="21" year="1950">Traver 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 606;
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<bibRefCitation author="Traver, JR" journalOrPublisher="Comunicaciones zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 10" title="The genus Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera)." volume="4" year="1956">Traver 1956</bibRefCitation>
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b: 7;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sattler, W" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Neotropischen Fauna" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="89 - 110" title="Ueber die Lebensweise, insbesondere das Bauverhalten, neotropischer Eintagsfliegen-Larven (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcidae)." url="10.1080/01650526709360399" volume="5" year="1967">Sattler 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 104;
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<bibRefCitation author="Berner, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="103 - 105" title="The status of Asthenopuscurtus (Hagen) (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)." volume="8" year="1978">Berner 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 103.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="38" pageNumber="83" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="83">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="83">Photographs of the type at the British Museum were studied.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="38" pageNumber="83">
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Additional material. Two male imagos (IBN, slide 480) from COLOMBIA, Amazonas, Leticia,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="caño">cano</normalizedToken>
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km 15,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-4.0947223">S 4°5'41"</geoCoordinate>
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−
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-69.983604">W 69°59'1"</geoCoordinate>
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, 93 m, 11.ii.1999, light trap 4−6
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<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="84" start="start">h</pageBreakToken>
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, E.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Domínguez">Dominguez</normalizedToken>
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, M.C.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zúñiga">Zuniga</normalizedToken>
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& C. Molineri cols.; male imaginal slides (FAMU) from BRAZIL, Amazonas, Careiro Island, Divinopolis, SE of Manaus, 29.vii.1961, E.J. Fittkau; 2 male and 1 female pharate subimagos (IBN642CM-eggs, 643-female, 644-male) from BRAZIL, Amazonas,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Olivença">Olivenca</normalizedToken>
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, Bom Sucesso, 4.ix.2003, (aprox.
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.4666667">S 3°28'</geoCoordinate>
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−
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.98333">W 68°59'</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="39" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="85" start="start">Asthenopus</pageBreakToken>
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curtus
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</taxonomicName>
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|
is the type species of the genus, and is known from adults of both sexes, nymphs and eggs. Nine autapomorphies were recovered in the cladistic analysis, and are useful to diagnose the species (see Appendix 2). The following combination of characters is useful to distinguish
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Asthenopus curtus</taxonomicName>
|
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|
from the other species of the genus: 1) male FW 10.0, female FW 14.0-18.5; 2) male foreleg length 0.69-0.74 times the length of FW; 3) pronotum width/length ratio: 2.0-2.3 (male), 2.7-3.0 (female); 4) 18-25 marginal intercalary veins present on the entire margin of forewings (Fig. 16
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
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), 2-3 times shorter than distance between longitudinal veins in male (not anastomosed), hind wings with marginal intercalaries in at least 4 spaces between main veins; 5) male FW with 0 to 1 crossveins between Rs and MA basal to Rs fork; 6) ratio total length/basal width of forceps 5.4 (Fig. 17
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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); 7) penes very sclerotized, contrasting strongly with the remaining genital parts, apex projecting acutely; a deep furrow separates penis lobe from thumb, median remnant of styliger plate subrectangular without marked projections, pedestals subrectangular and large, outer margin projecting posteriorly on outer margin along forceps base; 8) female sternum VIII with anteromedian keel and reduced sockets as in Fig. 18G; 9) egg ratio maximum width of egg/maximum width of PC 1.1-1.3, cap formed by 3-5 filaments, chorionic plates separated by smooth chorion (Fig. 18A); 10) nymphal mandible: ratio total length of mandible/mandibular tusk length 1.6-1.7; 11) space between the subbasal and the submedian tubercles in inner margin of left mandibular tusks is short and concave (Fig. 14A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="85">
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Male imago. Length: body, 8.0-8.7; FW, 10.0; HW, 4.4; foreleg, 7.5; cerci, 33.0-35.0. General coloration yellowish light brown. Head whitish, heavily shaded black dorsally, paler on posteromedian zone of occiput, black shading extending anteriorly on frons as two parallel lines surrounding median ocellus. Antennae pale, slightly shaded gray on dorsum. Thorax. Pronotum yellowish translucent completely shaded gray, darker on anterior ring; paler on two transverse lines, one separating anterior and posterior rings and another more posterior and obliquely transverse; pleurae shaded with black, sternum with a median gray macula. Pronotum width/length ratio: 2.0-2.3. Mesonotum whitish yellow (or brownish in some males) with a black median triangle between posteroscutal protuberances, metanotum similar in color, also shaded black posteromedially; mesopleurae and sterna paler, shaded with black along anterior margin of katepisternum. Legs yellowish white shaded with gray dorsally on all coxae, femora and tibiae; foretarsal segment 1 blackish (Fig. 20G), remaining tarsal segments paler shaded with gray distally, claws grayish thin troughout. Wings (Fig. 16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
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|
). Membrane hyaline shaded very slightly with brownish near anterior margin and turning whitish translucent towards apical zone of
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–Sc">C-Sc</normalizedToken>
|
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|
areas; veins translucent shaded with brown. Abdomen yellowish white shaded extensively with grayish brown dorsally, darkening very slightly towards rear segments. Sterna pale very slightly shaded gray, shaded stronger on mediolongitudinal line near anterior margin of sterna
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VIII–IX">VIII-IX</normalizedToken>
|
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, this line is blurred posteriorly; a grayish black triangular mark is present at each side of this line, on anterior margin of sterna
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VIII–IX">VIII-IX</normalizedToken>
|
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; sternum X shaded black except medially. Genitalia (Fig. 17
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
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): median remnant of styliger plate and pedestals yellowish, forceps whitish translucent shaded gray along outer margin, penes dark orange with whitish base. Caudal filaments whitish, shaded gray at base of terminal filament.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="40" pageNumber="85">
|
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|
Female adult. Length: body, 10.5-13.2; FW, 14.0-18.5; HW, 5.7; cerci, 5.8-7.0. Morphologically very similar to female adults of
|
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|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus angelae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelae">
|
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<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="86" start="start">Asthenopus</pageBreakToken>
|
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|
angelae
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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described in detail in
|
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|
<bibRefCitation author="De-Souza, MR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="45 - 52" title="The adults and nymphs of Asthenopus angelae new species (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia." volume="3399" year="2012">de Souza and Molineri (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. Here only those characters that differ from the cited description are mentioned. Pronotum almost 3 times wider than long, width/length ratio = 2.7-3.0 (see continuous characters in phylogenetic matrix, Appendix 3). Mesonotum uniformely brownish (cuticular pigmentation), almost without gray markings (dermic pigments). Female sternum VIII with anteromedian keel and reduced sockets as in Fig. 18G. Cercus about half the length of FW, cercus length/FW length: 0.4-0.5.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="87">
|
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<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="87" start="start">Eggs</pageBreakToken>
|
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|
(Fig. 18A). Length, 200-220
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
|
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|
|
; width, 130-155
|
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|
<normalizedToken originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
. Two polar caps (maximum width, 110-120
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
), formed by 3-5 very long coiled threads. Chorionic surface smooth with relatively large subcircular chorionic plates, the plates are regularly spaced and some of them are divided in two or three subequal parts.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="87">
|
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|
|
Mature nymph. Length of male: body, 9.5-9.7; cercus, 7.0; terminal filament, 5.0. Length of female: body, 17.0; cercus, 8.0; terminal filament, 7.0. Only characters that differ from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus angelae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelae">Asthenopus angelae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are given here, refer to that description for more detailed information. Head (occipital area) dorsally brownish uniformly shaded with gray. Mouthparts. Left mandibular tusks with a relatively shorter space between the large subbasal tubercle and the smaller subdmedian one, this space is somewhat C-shaped (Fig. 14A). Right mandible with distal corner of mola strongly protruding. Thorax. Mesonotum uniformly brownish (cuticular) without strongly gray-shading on carinae (Fig. 4E). Legs and paraprocts identical to those on Fig. 15.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="87">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
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|
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="87">Amazonas River from Leticia (Colombia) to Manaus (Brazil).</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="87">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="87">
|
|||
|
|
Much confusion exists in the literature concerning this species. Many authors mention
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Asthenopus curtus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but from missidentified material. For example
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ulmer, G" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="98 - 128" title="Alte und neue Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) aus Sued- und Mittelamerika." volume="103" year="1942">Ulmer (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
described and illustrated (as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Asthenopus curtus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) a pair of males of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus angelae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelae">Asthenopus angelae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The material from Ecuador studied by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Dominguez, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="21 - 26" title="Asthenopusgilliesi sp. n. y su importancia en la taxonomia de la subfamilia Asthenopodinae (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)." volume="19" year="1988">
|
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|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Domínguez">Dominguez</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
(1988)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
proved to be a different but related species (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus magnus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Asthenopus magnus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
sp. n.).
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Berner, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="103 - 105" title="The status of Asthenopuscurtus (Hagen) (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)." volume="8" year="1978">Berner (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
synonymized
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Asthenopus curtus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus amazonicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">Asthenopus amazonicus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, showing that the differences between both species were only attributable to sexual dimorphism, but he was working with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus angelae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelae">Asthenopus angelae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
males (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="De-Souza, MR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="45 - 52" title="The adults and nymphs of Asthenopus angelae new species (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia." volume="3399" year="2012">de Souza and Molineri 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Nevertheless, Berner conclusions were correct given that sexual dimorphism in FW venation is present in both species. As it is impossible to assign any specimen to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus amazonicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonicus">Asthenopus amazonicus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, we prefer to treat it as synonym of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Asthenopus curtus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, as Berner proposed. Actually, only one specimen from previous works is positively determined as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Asthenopus curtus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
: the type, studied by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Eaton, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (2 nd Ser Zoology)" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 352" title="A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or mayflies." volume="2" year="1883 - 1888">Eaton (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and illustrated by Kimmins (1966). We add here some other records from the Amazonas River: a pair of males from Colombia, some reared nymphs from Brazil and
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fittkau’s">Fittkau's</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
slides at FAMU. These male imagos show the characteristic genitalia of the holotype of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Asthenopus curtus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, with extremely wide forceps, long penis lobes and slender and very acute apical spines, and the more or less uniform brownish mesothoracic coloration (an exception of this last character are the males from Colombia-Leticia, much paler). The egg of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus curtus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtus">Asthenopus curtus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Fig. 18A) is similar to that of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus hubbardi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hubbardi">Asthenopus hubbardi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Fig. 18D), in the shape and relative large size of the disk-like structures that leaves exposed only a reduced surface of smooth chorion. On the contrary the egg of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus angelae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelae">Asthenopus angelae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
presents smaller disk-like structures with a larger surface of smooth chorion among them (Fig. 18B).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="87">
|
|||
|
|
As the result of the present study, the female adult, egg, and nymphal stages are described here for the first time. Previous descriptions of female and nymphs in the literature were done from specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus angelae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelae">Asthenopus angelae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
or other species but are not useful to clearly distinguish the species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|