243 lines
22 KiB
XML
243 lines
22 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" approvalRequired="58" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="39" approvalRequired_for_treatments="17" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFF9FF6768C71319BFAFBFEC4" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus vetula Jouan 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="150" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="149" updateTime="1656943967923" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>16</mods:start>
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<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6448815</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF9FF6768C71319BFAFBFEC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF9FF6768C71319BFAFBFEC4" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<subSubSection box="[1391,1470,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1387,2582,1415,1538]" box="[1391,1470,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading box="[1391,1470,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<figureCitation box="[1391,1470,1415,1461]" captionStart="Plate 10: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="91.[102,132,3363,3388]" captionTargetBox="[12,2743,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="161. New Britain Masked Flying Fox (Pleropus capistratus), 162. New Ireland Masked Flying Fox (Pleropus ennisae), 163. New Caledonia Flying Fox (Pteropus vetula), 164. Common Samoan Flying Fox (Pteropus samoensis), 165. Banks Flying Fox (Pteropus fundatus), 166. Vanuatu Flying Fox (Pleropus anetianus), 167. Vanikoro Flying Fox (Pleropus tuberculatus), 168. Temotu Flying Fox (Pteropus nitendiensis), 169. Solomons Flying Fox (Pteropus rayneri), 170. Makira Flying Fox (Pteropus cognatus), 171. Rennell Flying Fox (Pteropus rennelli), 172. Temminck’s Flying Fox (Pteropus temminckui), 173. Gray-headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448901/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">163.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1487,2036,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1387,2582,1415,1538]" box="[1487,2036,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading box="[1487,2036,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<vernacularName box="[1487,2036,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<collectingCountry box="[1487,1806,1415,1461]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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Flying Fox
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2103,2375,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1387,2582,1415,1538]" box="[2103,2375,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading box="[2103,2375,1415,1461]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2103,2375,1415,1461]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">
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<emphasis box="[2103,2375,1415,1461]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Pteropus vetula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1387,2582,1415,1538]" box="[1388,2582,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading box="[1388,2582,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1388,1460,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1469,1788,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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Roussette de
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<collectingCountry box="[1604,1788,1479,1500]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Nouvelle-Calédonie</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1807,1895,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1904,2143,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Neukaledonien-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2162,2250,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2258,2582,1479,1500]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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Zorro volador de
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<collectingCountry box="[2422,2582,1479,1500]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Nueva Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1387,2582,1415,1538]" box="[1387,1916,1517,1538]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading box="[1387,1916,1517,1538]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1387,1634,1517,1538]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1644,1916,1517,1538]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonian Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1998,2595,1586,2014]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1999,2155,1586,1619]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Jouan, 1863" authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2178,2586,1586,1619]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vetula">Pteropus vetula Jouan, 1863</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation box="[2000,2334,1630,1659]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<collectingCountry box="[2000,2215,1630,1659]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2231,2329,1630,1659]" name="France" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">France</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1998,2595,1586,2014]" lastBlockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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Widely used species name vetulus changed as the original specific epithet
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2455,2532,1705,1738]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vetula">vetula</taxonomicName>
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is a noun in apposition and should remain unchanged. Because
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2269,2346,1788,1817]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vetula">vetula</taxonomicName>
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deviates strongly from the usual appearance of species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1999,2107,1862,1895]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
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and is rather similar to small species of
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<taxonomicName box="[2107,2237,1906,1935]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteralopex</taxonomicName>
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, with which there is no proven relationship, its classification in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1998,2106,1981,2014]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
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1s difficult. While R. M. Nowak in 1999 and N. B. Simmons in 2005 placed
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[1980,2057,2019,2052]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vetula">vetula</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lay" authorityYear="1829" box="[2162,2290,2019,2052]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pselaphon">pselaphon</taxonomicName>
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group, as did K. Andersen in 1912, genetic studies by F. C. Almeida and colleagues in 2014 assigned
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[2514,2591,2059,2092]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vetula">vetula</taxonomicName>
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to its own group (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jouan" authorityYear="1863" box="[1646,1726,2098,2131]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vetula">vetula</taxonomicName>
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species group) but related to the
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<taxonomicName box="[2226,2350,2098,2131]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Cupaniopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samoensis">samoensis</taxonomicName>
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group, as in the results of S. M. Tsang in 2015. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1384,2251,2181,2210]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="distribution">
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<caption box="[1384,2251,2181,2210]" inLine="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" targetBox="[1370,1374,326,351]" targetPageId="92">
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" box="[1384,2251,2181,2210]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1384,1560,2181,2210]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[1572,1785,2181,2210]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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(Grande Terre and
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<collectingCountry box="[2073,2107,2181,2210]" name="Iceland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Ile</collectingCountry>
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des Pins).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="description">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1383,1632,2217,2250]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 122-5-142-
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<quantity box="[1973,2059,2217,2250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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(tailless), ear 13-15-
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<quantity box="[2359,2448,2217,2250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot ¢.
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<quantity box="[1403,1507,2256,2289]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 92-
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<quantity box="[1695,1841,2256,2289]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="11.4" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="58.5" valueMax="114.0" valueMin="3.0">3-114 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity box="[1964,2105,2256,2289]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="g" value="170.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="120.0">120-220 g</quantity>
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. Greatest lengths of skulls are 48— 50-
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<quantity box="[1427,1508,2296,2329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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. On average, femalesare slightly larger than males. The
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<collectingCountry box="[2287,2497,2296,2329]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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Flying Fox has short rounded ears, usually hidden in fur, and thickened rims. Dense and silky fur is dark gray to black, occasionally with hint of brown. Tibial upper side is densely covered with long hairs. Mantle is only weakly demarcated by longer hair. Claw on index finger is well developed. Uropatagium is reduced to narrow membrane along insides of lower limbs. Skull has short snout. I is less than one-half the size of I. P! is very small. Premolars and molars have distinct step at posterior crown margin and additional anterointernal cusps. In general, external appearance and molars with sharp tips are reminiscent of species of Pleralopex. Because biochemicaltests showed no relationship to
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<taxonomicName box="[1382,1509,2652,2685]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteralopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteralopex</taxonomicName>
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, similarities might be caused by convergent development due to a similar diet.
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1381,2155,2695,2724]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="biology_ecology">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1381,1492,2695,2724]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary and secondary tropical humid forests.
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1381,1650,2731,2764]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Condition of teeth indicates that the
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<collectingCountry box="[2209,2426,2731,2764]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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Flying Fox feeds on harderfruits than other flying fox species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1381,1755,2808,2841]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" box="[1381,1755,2808,2841]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1381,1516,2808,2841]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Breeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
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|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1379,1618,2849,2882]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
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|
|
The
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1703,1921,2849,2882]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
Flying Fox seems to be strictly nocturnal and roosts at entrances of caves and in hollow trees.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1380,2111,2928,2961]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[2200,2420,2928,2961]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
Flying Fox probably moves mainly below forest canopies.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="91.[1378,2592,2019,3275]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1380,1737,3007,3040]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red Lust. Threats to the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1704,1916,3047,3080]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
Flying Fox have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Itis probably occasionally hunted for food, but hunting is regulated under local wildlife laws. Its habitat is reduced to a small extent by deforestation. Its distribution is very limited, habitat is highly fragmented, and it is not known if it exists in protected areas. Extensive studies on ecology, population size, and potential threats are necessary to develop appropriate conservation measures.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448901/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" startId="91.[102,132,3363,3388]" targetBox="[12,2743,16,3661]" targetPageId="90">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="91.[99,2586,3345,3473]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
|||
|
|
On following pages: 164. Common Samoan Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[715,939,3366,3391]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">Pteropus samoensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 165. Banks Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Felten & Kock" authorityYear="1972" box="[1214,1416,3368,3393]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fundatus">Pteropus fundatus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 166.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1491,1577,3369,3394]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1712,1923,3370,3395]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anetianus">Pteropus anetianus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 167. Vanikoro Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1869" box="[2220,2461,3372,3397]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">Pteropus tuberculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 168. Temotu Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="1930" box="[370,608,3408,3430]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitendiensis">Pteropus nitendiensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 169. Solomons Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[927,1107,3410,3432]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rayneri">Pteropus rayneri</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 170. Makira Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1908" box="[1389,1594,3412,3434]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cognatus">Pteropus cognatus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 171. Rennell Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1881,1979,3414,3435]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
rennell)); 172. Temminck's Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="152" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="temminckii">Pteropus temminckii</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 173. Gray-headed Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[567,825,3448,3469]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poliocephalus">Pteropus poliocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="150" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="92.[169,1374,287,356]" pageId="92" pageNumber="150">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,320,287,312]" pageId="92" pageNumber="150">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Aimeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Bergmans (2001), Brescia (2008c), Dobson (1878), Felten (1964c), Flannery (1995a), Jouan (1863), Mickleburgh et al. (1992), Nowak (1999), Simmons (2005), Tsang (2015).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|