194 lines
15 KiB
XML
194 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" approvalRequired="58" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="39" approvalRequired_for_treatments="17" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFF9DF6738C7331B0FA51F3E1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus howensis Troughton 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1656943967923" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>16</mods:start>
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<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6448815</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6449050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6449050" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF9DF6738C7331B0FA51F3E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF9DF6738C7331B0FA51F3E1" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection box="[1389,1469,1452,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1384,2486,1452,1540]" box="[1389,1469,1452,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<heading box="[1389,1469,1452,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<figureCitation box="[1389,1469,1452,1498]" captionStart="Plate 9: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="83.[119,148,3362,3387]" captionTargetBox="[11,2744,18,3661]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="144. Ornate Flying Fox (Pleropus ornatus), 145. Seram Flying Fox (Pteropus ocularis), 146. Great Flying Fox (Pteropus neohibernicus), 147. Wallacean Gray Flying Fox (Pleropus griseus), 148. Admiralty Flying Fox (Pteropus admiralitatum), 149. Philippine Gray Flying Fox (Pteropus speciosus), 150. Island Flying Fox (Pleropus hypomelanus), 151. Black-eared Flying Fox (Pteropus melanotus), 152. Black Flying Fox (Pleropus alecto), 153. Spectacled Flying Fox (Pteropus conspicillatus), 154. Geelvink Bay Flying Fox (Pteropus pohlei), 155. Marianas Flying Fox (Pteropus mariannus), 156. Palau Flying Fox (Pteropus pelewensis), 157. Pacific Flying Fox (Pteropus tonganus), 158. Kosrae Flying Fox (Pteropus ualanus), 159. Nicobar Flying Fox (Pteropus faunulus), 160. Ontong Java Flying Fox (Pteropus howensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448891/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">160.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1486,1975,1452,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1384,2486,1452,1540]" box="[1486,1975,1452,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<heading box="[1486,1975,1452,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<vernacularName box="[1486,1975,1452,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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Ontong
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<collectingRegion box="[1655,1745,1452,1498]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Java</collectingRegion>
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Flying Fox
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2043,2362,1452,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1384,2486,1452,1540]" box="[2043,2362,1452,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<heading box="[2043,2362,1452,1498]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1931" box="[2043,2362,1452,1498]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howensis">
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<emphasis box="[2043,2362,1452,1498]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Pteropus howensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1385,2485,1516,1537]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1384,2486,1452,1540]" box="[1385,2485,1516,1537]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<heading box="[1385,2485,1516,1537]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1385,1461,1516,1537]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1471,1722,1516,1537]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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Roussette d'Ontong
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<collectingRegion box="[1680,1722,1516,1537]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Java</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1743,1834,1516,1537]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1843,2068,1516,1537]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Ontong-Java-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2089,2181,1516,1537]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2189,2485,1516,1537]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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Zorro volador de Ontong
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<collectingRegion box="[2442,2485,1516,1537]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Java</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1997,2592,1587,2011]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1998,2153,1587,1616]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Troughton, 1931" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1931" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howensis">Pteropus howensis Troughton, 1931</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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Ontong Java, Lord Howe's Group [= Ontong Java Atoll],
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<collectingCountry box="[2321,2557,1666,1695]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1997,2592,1587,2011]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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Some authors suggest that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1931" box="[2434,2592,1706,1735]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="howensis">P. howensis</taxonomicName>
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might be conspecific with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[2366,2584,1740,1773]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">P. admiralitatum</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1997,2592,1587,2011]" box="[1998,2155,1783,1812]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
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<caption inLine="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" targetBox="[1520,1524,3169,3194]" targetPageId="89">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1997,2592,1587,2011]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1997,2173,1824,1853]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Solomon Is (Ontong
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<collectingRegion box="[2481,2542,1824,1853]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Java</collectingRegion>
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Atoll); possibly also on Nukumanu I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1997,2592,1587,2011]" lastBlockId="89.[1379,2593,2017,3194]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1997,2276,1903,1932]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" metricValueMax="1.96" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="186.0" valueMax="196.0" valueMin="176.0">176— 196 mm</quantity>
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(tailless), ear
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<quantity box="[2306,2452,1942,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="21.0">21-23 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity box="[1997,2147,1982,2011]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="33.0">33-36 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity box="[2292,2473,1982,2011]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.22" metricValueMin="1.18" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="120.0" valueMax="122.0" valueMin="118.0">118-122 mm</quantity>
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. Muzzle of the Ontong
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<collectingRegion box="[1598,1658,2017,2050]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Java</collectingRegion>
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Flying Fox is slightly narrowed and sparsely furred, rhinarium is brown, nostrils are short and tubular, and irises are brown. Ears are dark earth brown, short, broad, and obvious above fur. Head is brown, with intermingling oflighter mantle on crown and as far as between eyes. Cheeks, side of neck, and throat are dark brown. Mantle is strongly bicolored, with hairs dark brown basally and golden cinnamon to ocherous buff distally. Back hair is short and adpressed, with intermingling of silverwhite hairs, overall ranging from auburn to dark auburn. Rump is darker shade of brown. Tibia is naked. Chest is medium brown, with variable washing of lighter mantle; belly is dark medium brown to deep olive buff, with or without sprinkling of silvery buff hair toward center. Uropatagium is sparsely furred, encroaching to marginsof tibia and extending down to one-half the length oftibia. Wing membranes are brown and originate from sides of body. Skull is slightly narrowed, with relatively small orbital diameter and shorter mandible. P, and M, are wide.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1382,1806,2530,2563]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1379,2593,2017,3194]" box="[1382,1806,2530,2563]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1382,1493,2530,2563]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Habitat.</emphasis>
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[.ow-lying coral atolls.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1379,2593,2017,3194]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1382,1647,2571,2604]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Green coconuts and inflorescences probably contributed to diets of OntongJava Flying Fox after native vegetation was removed from the 1950s onward, butits rarity might indicate a preference for previously existing native flora.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1379,2593,2017,3194]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1381,1516,2689,2722]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Two of three female Ontong
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<collectingRegion box="[1961,2022,2689,2722]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Java</collectingRegion>
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Flying Foxes captured in August were pregnant with embryos weighing
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<quantity box="[1854,1912,2727,2760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" unit="g" value="20.0">20 g</quantity>
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and
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<quantity box="[1984,2044,2727,2760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.9" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" unit="g" value="29.0">29 g</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1379,1855,2767,2800]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1379,2593,2017,3194]" box="[1379,1855,2767,2800]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1379,1615,2767,2800]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1379,2593,2017,3194]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1381,2085,2812,2841]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Ontong
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<collectingRegion box="[2279,2340,2812,2841]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Java</collectingRegion>
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Flying Fox roosts in small colonies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1379,2593,2017,3194]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1381,1729,2886,2919]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The Ontong
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<collectingRegion box="[1689,1749,2926,2959]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Java</collectingRegion>
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Flying Fox was known to be rare by the 1950s. Its distribution, assuming it differs from that of the Admiralty Flying Fox (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[2269,2494,2965,2998]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="147" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">P. admiralitatum</taxonomicName>
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), is extremely limited; its entire available habitat has been converted to coconut plantations; and the low-lying atoll is likely to be subsumed by rising sea levels. It almost certainly should be classified as Endangered.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="147" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="89.[1379,2593,2017,3194]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1381,1534,3132,3157]" pageId="89" pageNumber="147">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Flannery (1995a), Helgen & Allison (2008), Phillips (1968), Sanborn & Nicholson (1950), Simmons (2005).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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