296 lines
29 KiB
XML
296 lines
29 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFF97F67E8C6933B4FAFFFCC0" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus neohibernicus Peters 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="142" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1662482831395" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>16</mods:start>
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<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6448815</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794716" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794716" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF97F67E8C6933B4FAFFFCC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF97F67E8C6933B4FAFFFCC0" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<subSubSection box="[1399,1479,1960,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1394,2335,1960,2088]" box="[1399,1479,1960,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<heading box="[1399,1479,1960,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<figureCitation box="[1399,1479,1960,2006]" captionStart="Plate 9: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="83.[119,148,3362,3387]" captionTargetBox="[11,2744,18,3661]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="144. Ornate Flying Fox (Pleropus ornatus), 145. Seram Flying Fox (Pteropus ocularis), 146. Great Flying Fox (Pteropus neohibernicus), 147. Wallacean Gray Flying Fox (Pleropus griseus), 148. Admiralty Flying Fox (Pteropus admiralitatum), 149. Philippine Gray Flying Fox (Pteropus speciosus), 150. Island Flying Fox (Pleropus hypomelanus), 151. Black-eared Flying Fox (Pteropus melanotus), 152. Black Flying Fox (Pleropus alecto), 153. Spectacled Flying Fox (Pteropus conspicillatus), 154. Geelvink Bay Flying Fox (Pteropus pohlei), 155. Marianas Flying Fox (Pteropus mariannus), 156. Palau Flying Fox (Pteropus pelewensis), 157. Pacific Flying Fox (Pteropus tonganus), 158. Kosrae Flying Fox (Pteropus ualanus), 159. Nicobar Flying Fox (Pteropus faunulus), 160. Ontong Java Flying Fox (Pteropus howensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448891/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">146.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1497,1843,1960,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1394,2335,1960,2088]" box="[1497,1843,1960,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<heading box="[1497,1843,1960,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<vernacularName box="[1497,1843,1960,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Great Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1911,2320,1960,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1394,2335,1960,2088]" box="[1911,2320,1960,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<heading box="[1911,2320,1960,2006]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" box="[1911,2320,1960,2006]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neohibernicus">
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<emphasis box="[1911,2320,1960,2006]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Pteropus neohibernicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1394,2335,1960,2088]" box="[1396,2335,2024,2045]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<heading box="[1396,2335,2024,2045]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1396,1471,2024,2045]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1481,1661,2024,2045]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Roussette papoue</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1683,1774,2024,2045]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1783,1952,2024,2045]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">GroRRer Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1973,2064,2024,2045]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2073,2335,2024,2045]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Zorro volador de Bismarck</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1394,2335,1960,2088]" box="[1395,2047,2064,2085]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<heading box="[1395,2047,2064,2085]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1395,1643,2064,2085]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1653,1852,2064,2085]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Bismarck Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[1866,2047,2064,2085]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Greater Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[2008,2603,2134,2558]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2008,2161,2134,2163]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1876" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus melanopogonvar. neohibernicus Peters, 1876</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[2008,2603,2134,2558]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391390" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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“Neu-Irland [= New
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<collectingCountry box="[2009,2210,2218,2243]" name="Ireland Island" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Ireland Island</collectingCountry>
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],”
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<collectingCountry box="[2246,2512,2218,2243]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[2008,2603,2134,2558]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" box="[2009,2291,2253,2282]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neohibernicus">Pteropus neohibernicus</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1810" box="[2414,2498,2253,2282]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="griseus">griseus</taxonomicName>
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species group with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1810" box="[2178,2262,2292,2321]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="griseus">griseus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[2284,2465,2292,2321]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">admiralitatum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1908" box="[2486,2595,2292,2321]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="speciosus">speciosus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2011,2171,2336,2361]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hypomelanus">hypomelanus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1863" box="[2194,2319,2336,2361]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanotus">melanotus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[2341,2408,2336,2361]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="alecto">alecto</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1850" box="[2430,2595,2336,2361]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="conspicillatus">conspicillatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1933" box="[2008,2082,2371,2400]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pohlei">pohlei</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1822" box="[2108,2245,2371,2400]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mariannus">mariannus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1908" box="[2269,2395,2371,2400]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pelewensis">pelewensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[2422,2537,2371,2400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonganus">tonganus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1883" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ualanus">ualanus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[2096,2216,2415,2440]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="faunulus">faunulus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1931" box="[2304,2412,2415,2440]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="howensis">howensis</taxonomicName>
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. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="multiple">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803874" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803874/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" startId="83.[2009,2161,2489,2518]" targetBox="[1393,1984,2140,2553]" targetPageId="83">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[2008,2603,2134,2558]" box="[2009,2401,2489,2518]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2009,2401,2489,2518]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="83.[2008,2603,2134,2558]" lastBlockId="83.[1394,2602,2564,3268]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1876" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" box="[2009,2412,2533,2558]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="neohibernicus" subSpecies="neohibernicus">P.n.neohibernicusPeters,1876—RajaAmpatIs(GebeandMisool),NewGuinea,andBismarckArchipelago.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1394,2602,2564,3268]" box="[1395,2056,2607,2636]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName authority=": Felten, 1961" authorityName=": Felten" authorityYear="1961" box="[1395,1691,2607,2636]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="neohibernicus" subSpecies="hill">P. n. hill: Felten, 1961</taxonomicName>
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— Admiralty Is (
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<collectingRegion box="[1920,2015,2607,2636]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Manus" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Manus</collectingRegion>
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I).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="83.[1394,2602,2564,3268]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1395,1646,2643,2676]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[1840,2024,2643,2676]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.34" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="302.0" valueMax="370.0" valueMin="234.0">234-370 mm</quantity>
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(tailless), ear
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<quantity box="[2241,2394,2643,2676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="20.0">20-31 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="61.5" valueMax="78.0" valueMin="45.0">45— 78 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity box="[1635,1813,2682,2715]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9449999999999998" metricValueMax="2.2399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="194.5" valueMax="224.0" valueMin="165.0">165-224 mm</quantity>
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; weight 1.1-
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<quantity box="[1984,2048,2682,2715]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="kg" value="5.0">5 kg</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(mean
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[2162,2250,2682,2715]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="kg" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 kg</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
). The Great Flying Fox is the largest
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1547,1652,2722,2755]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, with predominantly golden brown short fur. Muzzle is long, sparsely haired, and dark; rhinarium is black, with shortly tubular nostrils. Eyes are large, with darker, sparsely furred surrounds; irises are brown. Ears are long, dark, pointed, and exposed above. Face is medium brown, and crown is straw yellow. Mantle has longer, reddish golden fur. Back is very sparsely furred for a width of
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[2231,2325,2880,2913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
or more and brown or yellow-brown. Rump is yellow-brown, black-brown, or reddish. Tibia is dark and unfurred. Chest and belly are reddish brown, with hairs having yellow tipping. Genitals are black. Wing membranes are black, originating high above medial plane. Skull is very large, with long rostrum and obvious sagittal and occipital crests. Canines are long, almoststraight; cheekteeth are peculiarly short and broad, with rounded edges and illdefined cusps, lacking basal ledges, and usually pigmented in shades of reddish brown.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="141" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="83.[1394,2602,2564,3268]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1395,1504,3156,3189]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Forests and savannas from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[2279,2386,3156,3189]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Large colonies occur in swamp forests. Of two Great Flying Foxes tracked with satellite transmitters, one remained in mangrove forests and the other stayed in savanna and riparian habitats.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448891/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" startId="83.[119,148,3362,3387]" targetBox="[11,2744,18,3661]" targetPageId="82">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="83.[117,2585,3362,3470]" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">
|
|||
|
|
On following pages: 147. Wallacean Gray Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1810" box="[672,848,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseus">Pteropus griseus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 148. Admiralty Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[1147,1392,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="admiralitatum">Pteropus admiralitatum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 149. Philippine Gray Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1908" box="[1746,1952,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">Pteropus speciosus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 150. Island Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2213,2456,3362,3387]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypomelanus">Pteropus hypomelanus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 151. Blackeared Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1863" box="[304,516,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotus">Pteropus melanotus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 152. Black Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[769,933,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alecto">Pteropus alecto</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 153. Spectacled Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1850" box="[1248,1489,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conspicillatus">Pteropus conspicillatus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 154. Geelvink Bay Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1824,1918,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
pohlel); 155. Marianas Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1822" box="[2283,2494,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariannus">Pteropus mariannus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 156.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[171,224,3445,3466]" name="Palau" pageId="83" pageNumber="141">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1908" box="[353,572,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelewensis">Pteropus pelewensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 157. Pacific Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" authorityYear="1830" box="[834,1032,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tonganus">Pteropus tonganus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 158. Kosrae Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1883" box="[1303,1483,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ualanus">Pteropus ualanus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 159. Nicobar Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[1763,1953,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="faunulus">Pteropus faunulus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); 160. Ontong Java Flying Fox (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1931" box="[2284,2486,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howensis">Pteropus howensis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="food_feeding">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="84.[164,1376,274,864]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,434,274,307]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Diet of the Great Flying Fox includes fruits of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1120,1187,274,307]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1210,1355,274,307]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[171,308,313,346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Terminalia</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[331,542,313,346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[637,796,313,346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calophyllaceae" genus="Calophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calophyllum</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[817,1032,313,346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Calophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) and nectar from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eucalyptus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[262,413,357,386]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[442,510,357,386]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Cocos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cocos</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[530,681,357,386]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[773,849,357,386]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Trema</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[871,1067,357,386]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="breeding">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="84.[164,1376,274,864]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,301,392,425]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Most female Great Flying Foxes in a colony on
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[969,1135,392,425]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
islands were carrying young in December and half-grown young in June.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="activity">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="84.[164,1376,274,864]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[165,400,471,504]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The Great Flying Fox is nocturnal but has been seen feeding during the day. Roosts are high in the tallest trees near coastlines.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="84.[164,1376,274,864]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,859,550,583]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Two Great Flying Foxes tracked with satellite transmitters for 62 and 120 days traveled radial distances of
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[1121,1205,589,622]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" unit="km" value="31.0">31 km</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[1278,1365,589,622]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" unit="km" value="73.0">73 km</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, respectively (total distances of
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[606,711,629,662]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" unit="km" value="960.0">960 km</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity box="[789,900,629,662]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" unit="km" value="225.0">225 km</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
). They roost in colonies of thousands of individuals.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="84.[164,1376,274,864]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[167,513,708,741]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. The Great Flying Fox is locally common and widespread. It is likely hunted throughout its distribution.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection box="[167,1370,834,859]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="84.[164,1376,274,864]" box="[167,1370,834,859]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[167,317,834,859]" pageId="84" pageNumber="142">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Bonaccorso (1998), Breed et al. (2010), Salas et al. (2008).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|