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<document id="133DFF8C81C312FF7D91165B2B64FD13" ID-CLB-Dataset="134452" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fe084ed-d367-4d5a-9ed0-48882760ba96" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267833" ID-ZooBank="7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629915050425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. &amp; Congdon, Colin E." docDate="2013" docId="0385994AFF88FFD79BFDF994FC10BB00" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03724p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3724 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Fresna Evans 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FFBCE132FFBEFFE09B6AFF91FFD5BA40" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1699144858824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="494A025AFD4AB58ED78FF097CDC1982F">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="91E01C1EE342B24B14C80ED443DFB864">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5CA31E446C42024099A039B24AC8CAB7">C / o CABI Europe - UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW 20 9 TY, UK (e-mail: m. cock @ cabi. org; mjwcock @ btinternet. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ED5356CBDA868F1524B6A966A0A41B9C">Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E1D819C028B9DECB1DB05DFA9E37E5C9">African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya (e-mail: colin. congdon @ gmail. com)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3DE9DA97805FA1FB0591A209DB96C87F" type="email">colin.congdon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF88FFD69BFDF994FE5EBC5F" box="[151,395,1541,1567]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF88FFD69BFDF994FE5EBC5F" blockId="54.[151,395,1541,1567]" box="[151,395,1541,1567]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D0DB9F30FF88FFD69BFDF994FE5EBC5F" bold="true" box="[151,395,1541,1567]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69BFDF994FE5EBC5F" ID-CoL="929F2" authority="Evans, 1937" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,395,1541,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69BFDF994FE5EBC5F" bold="true" box="[151,395,1541,1567]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69BFDF994FF38BC5F" bold="true" box="[151,237,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fresna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69B9EF994FE5EBC5F" author="Evans" box="[244,395,1541,1567]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref42161" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp, 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF88FFD69BFDF9DDFCD8BC91" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF88FFD69BFDF9DDFCD8BC91" blockId="54.[151,1436,1612,2033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
When
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69B89F9DCFEAFBC25" author="Evans" box="[227,378,1612,1637]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref42161" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp, 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans (1937)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69A9DF9DCFD90BC24" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[503,581,1613,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69A9DF9DCFD90BC24" box="[503,581,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fresna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new genus, he made
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD6981FF9DCFB78BC25" authority="(Hewitson)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" box="[885,1197,1612,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="netopha">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD6981FF9DCFBF2BC25" box="[885,1063,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fresna netopha</emphasis>
(Hewitson)
</taxonomicName>
the
<typeStatus id="549796FEFF88FFD69F8BF9DCFAC4BC25" box="[1249,1297,1613,1637]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
species and included three other species. Two more species have been described since then (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69F24F9E1FB31BCC9" author="Larsen" box="[1102,1252,1648,1673]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. &amp; 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
), making six at present. We have reared no members of this genus, but there are food plant records and at least one published picture of a caterpillar, and these are summarised below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF88FFD79BADF94CFC10BB00" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF88FFD69BADF94CFB05BD21" blockId="54.[151,1436,1612,2033]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69BADF94CFE63BCB5" authority="(Karsch)" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" box="[199,438,1756,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cojo">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69BADF94CFE99BCB4" box="[199,332,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fresna cojo</emphasis>
(Karsch)
</taxonomicName>
was reared on four occasions by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69844F94CFC33BCB5" author="Vuattoux" box="[814,998,1756,1781]" firstAuthor="Vuattoux" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="562 - 568" refId="ref46285" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
in
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF88FFD69F61F94DFB71BCB5" box="[1035,1188,1756,1781]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
, each from a different
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69BFDF891FF2ABD59" box="[151,255,1792,1817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
tree:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69A2DF891FE21BD58" box="[327,500,1792,1817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Andira" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69A2DF891FE21BD58" box="[327,500,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Andira inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD6996CF891FCADBD59" authority="(Faboideae)" baseAuthorityName="Faboideae" box="[518,888,1792,1817]" class="Globothalamea" family="Millettiidae" genus="Millettia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="thonningii">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD6996CF891FD31BD59" box="[518,740,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Millettia thonningii</emphasis>
(Faboideae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD698EDF891FABDBD59" authority="(Caesalpinioideae)" baseAuthorityName="Caesalpinioideae" box="[903,1384,1792,1817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Anthonotha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD698EDF891FB5EBD59" box="[903,1163,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Anthonotha crassifolia</emphasis>
(Caesalpinioideae)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69BFDF8B5FEFDBD7C" box="[151,296,1828,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Albizia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zygia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69BFDF8B5FEFDBD7C" box="[151,296,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Albizia zygia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(perhaps a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69958F8B4FD79BD7D" box="[562,684,1828,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Albizia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brownei">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69958F8B4FD79BD7D" box="[562,684,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. brownei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD699A9F8B5FCB7BD7D" box="[707,866,1828,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mimosoideae">Mimosoideae</taxonomicName>
). Based on Vuattoux’s work, some or all these food plants were listed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69AEFF8D8FDF0BD21" author="Larsen" box="[389,549,1864,1889]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD6995BF8D9FCC3BD21" author="Ackery" box="[561,790,1864,1889]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ackery" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref41160" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. &amp; Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Ackery
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD699E0F8D8FD6EBD21" box="[650,699,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. (1995)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69848F8D9FC20BD21" author="Heath" box="[802,1013,1864,1889]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref42672" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. &amp; Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
Heath
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69801F8D8FC76BD21" box="[875,931,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69F41F8D8FB19BD21" author="Larsen" box="[1067,1228,1864,1889]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. &amp; 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF88FFD79BADF8FCFC10BB00" blockId="54.[151,1436,1612,2033]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69BADF8FCFEB1BDC5" author="Larsen" box="[199,356,1900,1925]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
records R. Vuattoux rearing
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD699CDF8FCFC74BDC5" authority="(Hewitson)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" box="[679,929,1900,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="netopha">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD699CDF8FCFCC9BDC5" box="[679,796,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">F. netopha</emphasis>
(Hewitson)
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD6988EF8FDFB20BDC5" box="[996,1269,1900,1925]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Paullinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD6988EF8FDFB99BDC5" box="[996,1100,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Paullinia</emphasis>
(Sapindaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69E45F8FDFED2BDE9" author="Ackery" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ackery" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref41160" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. &amp; Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Ackery
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69EE2F8FCFF78BDE9" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. (1995)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69A28F801FDCEBDE9" author="Heath" box="[322,539,1936,1961]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref42672" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. &amp; Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
Heath
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69AE7F800FE15BDE9" box="[397,448,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
repeat this. However, when
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD6980EF800FBCBBDE9" author="Vuattoux" box="[868,1054,1936,1961]" firstAuthor="Vuattoux" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="562 - 568" refId="ref46285" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
published his rearing records, he gave only
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69A66F825FE27BD8D" box="[268,498,1972,1997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afrormosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxiflora">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69A66F825FE27BD8D" box="[268,498,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Afrormosia laxiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which has also been placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD698A6F824FB97BD8C" authorityName="Thwaites" authorityYear="1864" box="[972,1090,1973,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pericopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD698A6F824FB97BD8C" box="[972,1090,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pericopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69F31F825FB1DBD8D" box="[1115,1224,1972,1997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69FB9F825FA41BD8D" box="[1235,1428,1972,1997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caesalpinioideae">Caesalpinioideae</taxonomicName>
) as the food plant for
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF88FFD69AE4F848FD47BDB1" authority="(Hewitson)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" box="[398,658,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="netopha">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF88FFD69AE4F848FDD3BDB1" box="[398,518,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">F. netopha</emphasis>
(Hewitson)
</taxonomicName>
, which
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69984F848FC5ABDB1" author="Larsen" box="[750,911,2008,2033]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. &amp; 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
repeats. In contrast,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF88FFD69FEEF848FAEABDB1" author="Vuattoux" box="[1156,1343,2008,2033]" firstAuthor="Vuattoux" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="562 - 568" refId="ref46285" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
records rearing
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF89FFD79B87FF08FEB7BAF0" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1878" box="[237,354,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyassae">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF89FFD79B87FF08FEB7BAF0" box="[237,354,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. nyassae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
twice from
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF89FFD79A83FF06FD7BBAEF" box="[489,686,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Paullinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF89FFD79A83FF06FD7BBAEF" box="[489,686,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Paullinia pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. MJWC has examined a voucher
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF89FFD79F43FF08FB4BBAEF" box="[1065,1182,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF89FFD79F43FF08FBA2BAF0" box="[1065,1143,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fresna</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
reared by R. Vuattoux from
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF89FFD79BBEFF2CFE93BA94" box="[212,326,189,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Paullinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF89FFD79BBEFF2CFE93BA94" box="[212,326,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and it is
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF89FFD79AC7FF2CFDF6BA95" box="[429,547,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="netopha">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF89FFD79AC7FF2CFDF6BA95" box="[429,547,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. netopha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There seems to have been some confusion between these two
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF89FFD79F83FF2CFAB8BA93" box="[1257,1389,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF89FFD79F83FF2CFAE2BA94" box="[1257,1335,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fresna</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and their respective food plants. Provisionally, the two entries in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF89FFD79825FF71FBDFBAB8" author="Vuattoux" box="[847,1034,223,248]" firstAuthor="Vuattoux" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="562 - 568" refId="ref46285" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
should be swapped, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF89FFD79E4CFF70FA49BAB8" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1318,1436,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nyassae">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF89FFD79E4CFF70FA49BAB8" box="[1318,1436,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. nyassae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reared once from
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF89FFD79AA3FE95FD9FBB5D" box="[457,586,260,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afrormosia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxiflora">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF89FFD79AA3FE95FD9FBB5D" box="[457,586,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. laxiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF89FFD799E2FE94FD2BBB5D" box="[648,766,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Fresna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="netopha">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF89FFD799E2FE94FD2BBB5D" box="[648,766,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">F. netopha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reared twice from
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF89FFD79F2AFE94FB64BB5C" box="[1088,1201,261,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Paullinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF89FFD79F2AFE94FB64BB5C" box="[1088,1201,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this needs to be confirmed by further checking specimens and ideally, additional rearing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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